EAS 750 - Saw IKRA - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL EAS 750 IKRA

Operating Instructions - Translation of the original Operating Instructions Read operating instructions before use!

Electric branch saw EAS 750 Content

1. General safety regulations

2. Explanation of symbols

3. Description of the machine and scope of delivery

7. Working with the chainsaw

10. Cleaning and storage

14. Declaration of conformity

Packaging This machine is packaged to prevent damage during transportation. The packaging is raw material and can thus be reused or fed back into the raw materials cycle. When using the machine certain safety precautions must be taken in order to prevent injuries and damage:

• Read through the operating instructions carefully and observe the instructions contained therein. Familiarise your- self with the machine, its correct use and the safety devices by means of these operating instructions.

• Store these carefully so that the information is always available to you.

• In the event of the machine being handed over to another party, please include these operating instructions with it. We accept no liability for accidents and damage caused as a result of disregarding these instructions.

1. General safety regulations

This machine is not intended for use by persons (including children) with an impaired physical, sensory or mental capacity or insufcient experience and/or insufcient knowledge unless they are supervised by a person responsible for their safety or receive instructions from that person in the use of the machine. Children should be supervised in order to ensure that they do not play with the machine. Remain alert, pay attention to what you are doing and proceed sensibly when working with an electric tool. Do not use the machine if you are tired or under the inuence of drugs, alcohol or medication. General safety information for power tools Warning! Read all safety-related information and safety instructions! Failure to observe the safety informa- tion and instructions may result in electric shock, burns and/or severe injury. Keep the safety information and instructions for future reference. The term ‘power tool’ as used in the safety information and instructions includes both mains-operated tools (with power cord) and battery-operated tools (without power cord).

1) Safety at the workplace

a) Keep your working area clean, tidy and well-lit. Disorder and poorly lit working areas may result in accidents. b) Do not operate the power tool in potentially explosive environments containing combustible uids, gases or dusts. Power tools generate sparks that may ignite dusts or fumes.

Keep children and other persons away while you are operating the power tool. Distractions may result in the operator loosing control over the tool. Translation of the original Operating InstructionsGB | Operating Instructions

a) The mains plug of the power tool must t into the mains socket. The plug must not be modied in any way. Do not use adapter plugs/connectors in combination with tools with protective earthing. Unmodied plugs and tting sockets reduce the risk of electric shock. b) Avoid physical contact with earthed surfaces as pipes, heaters, ovens and refrigerators. There is an increased risk of electric shock if your body is earthed. c) Keep the tool out of the rain or moisture in general. The penetration of water into a power tool increases the risk of electric shock. d) Do not use the cord to carry or hang up the tool or to pull the plug out of the socket. Keep the cord away from heat, oil and sharp edges or moving parts of the tool. Damaged or tangled cords increase the risk of electric shock. e) When operating a power tool outdoors, use exclusively extension cords that are approved for outdoor- use. The use of an extension cord that is suitable for outdoor use reduces the risk of electric shock. f) If the operation of a power tool in a moist environment cannot be avoided it is highly recommended to use a residual current device (RCD). The use of an RCD reduces the risk of electric shock.

a) Always pay attention to what you do and apply reasonable care when working with a power tool. Do not use the power tool when you are tired or under the inuence of medication, drugs or alcohol. When working with power tools, even a short moment of inattentiveness may result in severe injury. b) Wear personal protection equipment and always wear eye protection (safety goggles). Wearing personal protection equipment as a dust mask, nonslip safety shoes, safety helmet or ear protectors (depending on the type and application of the tool) reduces the risk of injury. c) Avoid unintentional operation. Make sure that the power tool is switched off before you connect it to the mains supply and/or the battery and whenever you pick up or carry the tool. When carrying the tool with your nger on the on/off switch or connecting the tool to the mains supply with the switch in ‘ON’ position, this may result in accidents. d) Remove adjustment tools or wrenches and the like before you switch the power tool on. A wrench or other tool that is inside or on a rotating part of the tool may cause injury. e) Avoid unusual postures. Make sure to have a safe footing and keep your balance at all times. This will allow you to better control the power tool in unexpected situations. f) Wear suitable clothes. Do not wear wide clothing or jewellery. Keep your hair, clothes and gloves clear of all moving parts. Loose clothing, jewellery or long hair may get caught in moving parts. g) If dust extraction/collection devices are provided make sure that they are connected and used properly. The use of a dust extraction device may reduce risks caused by dust.

4) Use and handling of the power tool

a) Do not overtax the power tool. Use the power tool intended for your type of work in each case. The use of the suitable power tool within the stated range of performance makes working more effective and safer. b) Do not use a power tool with a damaged switch. A power tool that cannot be switched on or off any more is dangerous and must be repaired. c) Pull the mains plug and/or remove the battery before adjusting a tool, changing accessories or putting the tool aside. This precaution avoids the unintentional start of the tool. d) Store power tools that are currently not used out of the reach of children. Do not allow persons to use the tool if they are not familiar with the tool or these instructions. Power tools are dangerous if used by inexperienced persons. e) Thoroughly maintain your power tool. Check whether moving parts are working properly and are not jamming/sticking, and whether parts are broken or otherwise damaged in a way that may affect the func- tion of the power tool. Have damaged parts repaired before using the tool. Many accidents are the result of poorly maintained power tools. f) Keep cutting tools sharp and clean. Thoroughly maintained cutting tools with sharp cutting edges are jamming less often and are easier to guide. g) Use power tools, accessories, add-on tools, etc. in accordance with these instructions and in the way prescribed for the respective type of tool. You should also consider the working conditions and the work to be carried out. The use of power tools for purposes other than those intended for the respective tool may result in dangerous situations.

a) Have the power tool serviced by qualied technical personnel only; repairs should be carried out using exclusively original spare parts. This will ensure the continued safe operation of the power tool.GB | Operating Instructions

Device-specic safety instructions

• Keep the cable away from the cutting area. When working with the tool the cable might be hidden in bushes and accidentally cut through.

• Keep all parts of your body clear of the chain while the saw is running. Before starting the saw, make sure that the chain does not touch any objects. When working with a chain saw, even a short moment of inattentive- ness may result in clothes or parts of the body being caught by the chain.

• Always hold the chain saw with your right hand at the rear handle and your left hand at the front handle. Holding the chain saw differently (left hand – rear handle / right hand – front handle) during operation will increase the risk of injury and is not permitted.

• Wear eye and hearing protection. Other personal protection equipment for the head, hands, legs and feet is recommended. Proper protective clothing and protection equipment reduce the risk of injury caused by thrown- about wood chips and accidental contact with the chain.

• Do not operate the chain saw on trees. Operating a chain saw while situated on a tree involves a high risk of injury.

• Make sure to have a safe stand at any time, and only use the chain saw when standing on solid, safe and level ground. A slippery ground or instable surfaces as the steps of a ladder may lead to loosing balance or the control over the chain saw.

• When cutting a branch that is under tension take into account that it will spring back. When the tension of the wood bres is released the tensioned branch may hit the operator and/or the chain saw resulting in a loss of control.

• Apply particular caution when cutting brush and young trees. The thin material may get caught in the chain and hit you or throw you off balance.

• Carry the switched-off chain saw using the front handle with the chain pointing away from your body. Always put on the protection cover when transporting or storing the chain saw. The careful handling of the chain saw reduces the risk of accidentally touching the sharp cutting chain.

• Follow the instructions for lubrication, chain tension and changing accessories. An improperly tensioned or lubricated chain may either break or considerably increase the risk of a kickback.

• Keep the handles dry, clean and free from oil and grease. Fatty, oily handles are slippery and may lead to a loss of control.

• Use the chain saw for cutting wood only! Do not use the chain saw for works it is not designed for. – Ex- ample: Do not use the chain saw for cutting plastics, brickwork or other construction materials that are not made of wood. The use of the chain saw for applications, for which it is not designed, may result in dangerous situations.

• Never attempt to use an incomplete machine or one which an unauthorised alteration has been implemented.

• These devices are not designed to be operated by persons who have insufcient experience and/or insufcient knowledge or by persons with impaired physical, sensory or mental capabilities, unless they are being supervised by a person who is responsible for their safety or they are receiving instructions about how these devices are to be used.

• Young persons under the age of 16 are not permitted to operate these devices.

• Measures must be implemented to ensure that the device is not operated during adverse weather conditions, in particular when there is a risk of lightening. Warning! The prolonged utilisation of a tool will subject the user to vibration and shocks that could lead to Raynaud‘s syndrome or Carpal tunnel syndrome. This condition reduces the ability of the hand to sense and regulate temperature, causes numbness and a sensation of heat and can lead to damage to the nervous system and the circulatory system and to necrosis. Not all factors that lead to Raynaud‘s syndrome are known but cold water, smoking and illnesses that impact the blood vessels and the circulatory system as well as severe or long-lasting exposure to vibrations are known to be factors in the development of Raynaud‘s syndrome. Observe the following in order to reduce the risk of Raynaud‘s syndrome and Carpal tunnel syndrome:

• Wear gloves and keep your hands warm.

• Make sure the device is well maintained. A tool with loose components or with damaged or worn-out dampers will have a disposition towards increased vibrations.

• Always hold the handle rmly but do not clutch it constantly with excessive force. Take breaks often. All of the above precautions cannot exclude the risk of Raynaud‘s syndrome or Carpal tunnel syndrome. Therefore, with long-term or regular use it is advisable to keep a close watch on the condition of your hands and ngers. Seek medical attention immediately in the event of any of the above symptoms appearing.GB | Operating Instructions

The following symbols are used on this electric tool. You can operate this electric tool more safely and effectively with the correct interpretation of these symbols. SYMBOLS MEANING If you do not adhere to the instructions and safety measures described in the Operating Instructions severe injuries may occur. Read the Operating Instructions before you start and operate this device. Wear eye and ear protection devices when operating this device. Falling objects may cause serious injuries of the head; wear a head protection when operating this device. Always wear safety boots and gloves when operating the device. Clothing must be sturdy and snug-tting, but allow complete freedom of movement. Unplug immediately if the power cord or plug becomes damaged ! Do not use the tool under wet weather conditions! Protection class II Conrms the conformity of the electric tool with the Directives of the European Community. This device may not be disposed of with general/household waste. Dispose of only at a designated collection point. Maintain a minimum clearance of 10 m from current-carrying lines. Life-threatening danger from electric shock

2. Explanation of symbolsGB | Operating Instructions

3. Description of the machine and scope of

7. Telescope quick-acting lock

The chainsaw with telescoping arm is intended for removing branches from trees. It is not suitable for ex- tensive sawing work and felling trees or for the sawing of materials other than wood. Please observe that our machine was not designed for use in commercial, techni- cal or industrial applications. We assume no liability if the machine is used in commercial, technical or industrial applications or for equivalent activities.

Attention! Only connect the chainsaw to the mains supply once it has been completely assembled and the chain tension has been set. Always wear protective gloves when carrying out work on the chainsaw in order to prevent injury.

5.1 Assembly of guide bar and saw chain

Carefully unpack and inspect all parts for completeness. (Fig.1)

• Loosen the fastening bolt for the chain sprocket cover. (Fig.2)

• Remove the chain sprocket cover.

• Place the chain in the groove of the guide bar as shown. (Fig.3/Pos. A)

• Insert the guide bar and chain into the mount on the chainsaw. (Fig. 4) In the process, guide the chain around the pinion and hang the guide bar in the chain tensioning bolts.

• Re-mount and hand-tighten the chain sprocket cover with the fastening bolt. (Fig.5) Attention! Only tighten the fastening bolt once the chain tension has been adjusted (see 5.2).

5.2 Tensioning the saw chain

Attention! Always pull out the mains plug be- fore inspection and adjustment work. Always wear protective gloves when carrying out work on the chainsaw in order to prevent injury.

• Loosen the fastening bolt of the chain sprocket cover a few rotations.

• Adjust the chain tension with a screwdriver at the chain tensioning screw.

• Clockwise rotation increases the chain tension; anti- clockwise rotation reduces the chain tension. The saw chain is correctly tensioned if it can be raised approx. 2 mm in the centre of the guide bar. (Fig.6 + 7) Attention! All chain links must lie properly in the guide groove of the guide bar. Information regarding the tensioning of the chain The saw chain must be tensioned properly in order to ensure safe operation. The chain tension is optimal if the saw chain can be lifted 2 mm in the centre of the guide bar. Since the saw chain heats up during the sawing process, whereby its length changes, you must check the chain tension at least once every 10 min. and adjust it as necessary. This applies in particular for new saw chains. Slacken the saw chain after work is completed, because it shortens when cooling down. In doing so, you can prevent damage to the chain.

5.3 Saw chain lubrication

Attention! Always pull out the mains plug before inspection and adjustment work. Always wear protective gloves when carrying out work on the chainsaw in order to prevent injury. Attention! Never operate the chain without saw chain oil! The use of the chainsaw without saw chain oil or with an oil level below the minimum oil level mark results in damage to the chainsaw! Attention! Only use special chainsaw oil. The war- ranty is voided with the use of used oil. Filling the oil tank (Fig. 8)

• Place the chain saw on a level surface.

• Clean the area around the oil tank cap (Pos.10) and then open it.

• Fill the oil tank with saw chain oil. In doing so, make sure that no dirt gets into the oil tank so that the oil nozzle does not clog.

• Close the oil tank cap (Pos.10).

6.1 Adjusting the telescope length

1. Rotate the locking cap nut (Fig.9) anti-clockwise.

2. The lock is released and can be adjusted to the desi-

red length by pulling the ends out from one another to the desired length.

3. Then rmly tighten the locking cap nut in clockwise

motion.GB | Operating Instructions

6.2 Connection to the mains supply

• Connect the mains cable to a suitable extension cable. Make sure that the extension cable is designed to accommodate the power of the chain saw.

• Secure the extension cable against tractive forces and accidental unplugging as shown in (Fig.10).

• Connect the extension cable to an earthed safety socket installed in accordance with regulations. We recommend the use of a cable in a signal colour (red or yellow). This reduces the risk of accidental damage from the chainsaw. Recommendation Only connect the device to a power source that is pro- tected via a residual current protective device (RCD) with a maximum release current of 30 mA.

6.3 Switching on/off

• Hold the chainsaw rmly with both hands on the hand- le (thumb under the handle).

• Press and hold the switch lock (Fig.11).

• Switch the chainsaw on with the on/off switch (3). The switch lock (14) can now be released again. Switching off

• Release the on/off switch (3). Always pull out the mains plug when discontinuing the work.

7. Working with the chainsaw

Before each use, check the following to ensure safe work: Condition of the chainsaw Before beginning work, inspect the chainsaw for damage to the housing, the mains cable, the saw chain and the guide bar. Never use an obviously damaged machine. Oil tank Fill level of the oil tank. Also check whether there is sufcient oil available while working. Never operate the saw if there is no oil or the oil level has dropped below the minimum oil level mark in order to prevent damage to the chain saw. On average, an oil lling is sufcient for 10 minutes of operation, depending on the duration of pauses and the stress. Saw chain Tension of the saw chain, condition of the cutters. The sharper the saw chain is, the easier and more manage- able the chain saw is to operate. The same applies for the chain tension. Also check the chain tension at least once every 10 minutes while working in order to increase safety! New saw chains, in particular, tend to have a higher degree of elongation. Protective clothing Make absolutely sure to wear the appropriate, close- tting protective clothing, such as chainsaw-protective pants, gloves and safety shoes. Hearing protection and protective goggles Wear a safety helmet with integrated hearing protection and a face guard. This provides protection against falling branches and recoiling branches. Attachment of the shoulder belt

1. Wear the shoulder belt so that it lies over the right

2. Fasten the carabiner hook on the shaft bracket on

the shaft (Fig. 13). Never carry the belt diagonally across your shoulders and chest, but rather only on one shoulder, so that you can rapidly move away from the tool in case of danger. Safe work

• In order to ensure safe work, a maximum working angle of 60° is prescribed.

• Never stand below the branch to be sawed.

• Exercise caution when sawing branches under tensi- on or splintering wood.

• Potential risk of injury from falling branches and ying wood projectiles!

• If the machine is in operation, keep persons and ani- mals away from the danger area.

• The machine is not protected against electric shock when coming into contact with high-voltage lines. Maintain a minimum clearance of 10 m from current- carrying lines. Life-threatening danger from electric shock!

• When working on an incline, always stand above or to the side of the branch to be sawed.

• Hold the machine as close as possible to your body. By doing so, you maximise your balance. Sawing techniques

• When removing branches, hold the machine at an an- gle ranging from a maximum 60° to horizontal in order to avoid being struck by a falling branch.

• Saw off the lower branches on the tree rst. By do- ing so, it is easier for the cut branches to fall to the ground.

• At the end of the cut, the weight of the saw suddenly increases for the user, because the saw is no longer supported on the branch. There is the risk of losing control of the saw.

• Only pull the saw out of the cut with the saw chain running. By doing so, you can prevent it from getting jammed.

• Do not saw with the tip of the guide bar.

• Do not saw into thick the branch formations. This impedes the tree‘s ability to heal the wound. Sawing off smaller branches (Fig.14) Place the stop face of the saw on the branch. This pre- vents tful movements of the saw at the beginning of the cut. Applying light pressure, guide the saw through the branch from top to bottom.GB | Operating Instructions

Sawing off larger and longer branches (Fig.15) Make a relief cut when sawing larger branches. a) First saw through 1/3 of the branch diameter from bottom to top using the top side of the guide bar. b) Then saw from top to bottom to the rst cut using the bottom side of the guide bar. c) Saw off longer branches in sections in order to maintain control over the location of impact. Kickback The term kickback refers to when the chainsaw suddenly jumps up and back. This is usually caused by the work- piece coming into contact with the guide bar tip or the clamping of the saw chain. A kickback generates abrupt, powerful forces. Therefore, the chainsaw usually reacts in an uncontrolled manner. The consequence is often the severe injury of the user or nearby persons. The danger of a kickback is greatest if you apply the area near the guide bar tip to a branch, because the leverage effect is greatest there. Therefore, always apply the saw as atly as possible. Attention!

• Always make sure that the chain tension is correct!

• Only use properly functioning chainsaws!

• Only work with a saw chain sharpened according to regulations!

• Never saw with the upper edge or tip of the guide bar!

• Always hold the chainsaw rmly with two hands! Sawing wood under tension Sawing wood which is under tension necessitates ele- vated caution! Wood that is under tension and is then released from that tension when cut occasionally reacts in a completely uncontrolled manner. This can result in severe to deadly injuries. Such work may only be perfor- med by trained specialists.GB | Operating Instructions

Electric branch saw EAS 750 Rated Voltage 230-240 V ~ / 50 Hz Nominal Consumption 750 W No-load Speed 6000 min

Noise emission information in accordance with the German Product Safety Act (ProdSG) and the EC Machine Direc- tive: the noise pressure level at the place of work can exceed 80 dB(A). In such cases the operator will require noise protection (e.g. wearing of ear protectors). Wear hearing protection. The inuence of noise can cause hearing loss. Attention! The vibration value will change on the basis of the area of application of the electric tool and may lie above the specied value in exceptional situations. Keep the development of noise and vibration to a minimum!

• Only use properly functioning machines.

• Maintain and clean the machine regularly.

• Adapt your working method to the machine.

• Do not overstress the machine.

• If necessary, have the machine inspected.

• Switch the machine off when it is not in use.

• Wear work gloves. Attention: Noise protection! Please observe the local regulations when operating your device.GB | Operating Instructions

11. Information for environmental protection/

disposal Dispose of the machine properly after it is worn out. Dis- connect the mains cable in order to prevent misuse. Do not dispose of the machine with the household waste. In the interest of environmental protection, take it to a coll- ection point for electric machines. Your responsible local authority can provide you with addresses and operating times. Also take the packaging materials and worn out accessories to the appropriate collection points. Only for EU countries Do not discard electric tools in the household waste! In accordance with European Directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment and its im- plementation in national law, waste electric tools must be collected separately for environmentally-compatible re-use. Recycling alternative to the return invitation: Instead of returning the electric equipment, the owner is alternatively obligated to take part in the proper recycling in the case of relinquishment of ownership. The waste equipment can also be taken to a collection facility which disposes of it in the sense of the national recycling ma- nagement and waste acts. This does not pertain to the accessory parts and auxiliary equipment without elec- trical components accompanying the waste equipment.

12. Ordering spare parts

The following information should be provided when ordering spare parts:

• Item number of the machine

Caution! Switch off the machine and pull out the mains plug before commencing fault nding. The following table shows fault symptoms and describes how they can be rectied if your machine is not function- ing properly. If this does not help you localise and rectify the problem, contact your service workshop..

9.1 Replacing the saw chain and guide bar

The guide bar must be replaced if the guide

• groove of the guide bar is worn out.

• the spur wheel in the guide bar is damaged or worn out. For this purpose, proceed as described in the chapter “Assembly of the guide bar and saw chain“!

9.2 Checking the automatic chain lubrication

Regularly check the functionality of the automatic chain lubrication in order to prevent overheating and the subsequent damage to the guide bar and saw chain associated with it. For this purpose, align the guide bar tip against a smooth surface (board, cut-in of a tree) and allow the chainsaw to run. If an increasing amount of oil appears, the automatic chain lubrication functions properly. If no clear trace of oil appears, please read the appropriate information in the chapter “Fault remedy“! If this information does not help, please contact our cu- stomer service or a similarly qualied workshop. Attention! Do not touch the surface during the process. Maintain a sufcient safety clearance (approx. 20 cm).

9.3 Sharpening the saw chain

Effective work with the chainsaw is only possible if the saw chain is in good condition and sharp. This also reduces the danger of a kickback. The saw chain can be resharpened by a specialty dealer. Do not attempt to sharpen the saw chain yourself if you do not have a suitable tool and the necessary experience.

10. Cleaning and storage

• Regularly clean the tensioning mechanism by blowing compressed air onto or cleaning it with a brush. Do not use any tools for the cleaning.

• Keep oil away from the handle in order to ensure a secure hold.

• Clean the machine as necessary with a damp cloth and a mild cleanser, if appropriate.

• If the chainsaw is not used for an extended period of time, remove the chain oil from the tank. Briey place the chainsaw and the guide bar in an oil bath and then wrap it in oil paper. Attention!

• Always replace the protective cover for transport or storage of the chainsaw.

• Pull out the mains plug before cleaning.

• Never immerse the machine in water or other liquids.

• Store the chainsaw in a safe and dry place and out of the reach of children.GB | Operating Instructions

Cause Fault Remedy Chainsaw does not operate No current supply Check current supply. Defective outlet Try a different source of current, change as necessary. Extension cable damaged Check cable, replace if necessary. Defective fuse Replace fuse Chainsaw operates irregularly Mains cable damaged Take saw to a specialty workshop External loose connection Take saw to a specialty workshop Internal loose connection Take saw to a specialty workshop Defective on/off switch Take saw to a specialty workshop Saw chain dry No oil in the tank Re-ll oil Ventilation in the oil tank cap clogged Clean oil tank cap Oil tank ow channel clogged Unclog oil ow channel Chain/guide rail hot No oil in the tank Re-ll oil Ventilation in the oil tank cap clogged Clean oil tank cap Oil tank ow channel clogged Unclog oil ow channel Dull chain Re-sharpen or replace chain Chainsaw jumps up, vibrates or does not saw properly Chain tension too loose Adjust chain tension Dull chain Re-sharpen or replace chain Chain worn out Replace chain Saw teeth pulling in the wrong direction Re-mount saw chain with teeth in the correct direction

14. EC Declaration of Conformity

We, ikra GmbH, Schlesierstraße 36, D-64839 Münster/Deutschland, declare under our sole responsibility that the product Electric branch saw EAS 750, to which this declaration relates correspond to the relevant basic safety and health requirements of Directives 2006/42/EC (Machinery Directive), 2004/108/EC (EMC-Guideline), 2011/65/ EU (RoHS-Guideline) and 2000/14/EC (noise directive) incl. modications. For the relevant implementation of the safety and health requirements mentioned in the Directives, the following standards and/or technical specication(s) have been respected: EN 60335-1/A13:2008; EN ISO 11680-1:2008; EN 62233:2008 EN 55014-1/A2:2011; EN 55014-2/A2:2008; EN 61000-3-2/A2:2009; EN 61000-3-3:2008 Type examination certicate No. M6A 12 05 32082 042; TÜV SÜD Product GmbH, Identity no. 0123 measured acoustic capacity level 105,1 dB (A) guaranteed acoustic capacity level 108,0 dB (A) Conformity assessment method to annexe V / Directive 2000/14/EC The year of manufacture is printed on the nameplate and can be additionally retrieved via the consecutive serial number. Münster, 11.03.2014 Gerhard Knorr, Technical Management Ikra GmbH Maintenance of technical documentation: Gerhard Knorr, Kärcherstraße 57, DE-64839 MünsterFR | Manuel d’utilisation