Independent 2300 - Pressure washer Lavor - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL Independent 2300 Lavor

Line drawing of a mechanical engine or pump assembly (no text or symbols)

INDICE

Prefazione pag.

Simboli pag.

Control connection of remote distance (option) page 26

Pre-operate inspection page 27

I. Engine oil page 27

II. Oil in the reduction gear box page 27

III. Air cleaner page 28

IV. Fuel and fuel tank page 28

Starting of the engine page 29

Operation page 30

Stop page 31

Exhaust control system page 31

I. Maintenance page 31

II. Replacement of parts page 31

III. Modifying page 31

IV. Problems affecting exhaust emissions page 31

Maintenance page 32

I. Maintenance schedule page 32

II. Method page 32

Transport, storage and removal

from storage page 35

I. Transport page 35

II. Storage page 36

III. Removal from storage page 36

Troubleshooting page 37

I. Starting engine difficultly page 37

II. Low gasoline engine power output page 38

III. Gasoline engine cannot run smoothly page 38

IV. Stop suddenly when running page 39

V. Gasoline engine is excessively hot page 39

VI. There is abnormal noise when engine running page 40

Specifications page 41

I. Main specifications page 41

II. Timing of distribution page 41

III. Tightening torque of important bolts page 42

Electric diagram page 42

SOMMAIRE

Préface page

Symboles page

Candele raccomandate: BP6ES, BPR6ES (NGK) o NHSPLD F6RTCU.

Thank you for choosing a general gasoline engine by our company.

Based on the latest engine technology at home and abroad, our Co. has individually developed general gasoline engines with 4-stroke single cylinder, OHV and forced-air cooling. The engines is characterized by advanced design, compact structure, reliable performance, convenient service lowfuel consumption and easy speed adjustment. They are widely used as ideal power in many fields such as generating set, tour, open working, public place of entertainment, construction machine, agricultural machinery, etc. The vital part bodies including cylinder cover, crankcase, etc, are all cast formed with aluminum alloy. Laser-scanning technology, 3D shaping technology and CN program processing technology used in the mould production upgrade the engine surface and manufacturing accuracy obviously. Applying auto-press reducing system and centrifugal fly hammer regulating system assure that assemblies equipped with the engine function smoothly and reliably as well as the engine start easily. Besides, the introduction of the lubricant film-sensing protection system prevents accidental damage of the engine for poor lubrication.

The manual gives information with respect to operation and maintenance of the general gasoline engine, and be sure to read it carefully first before operating. All the materials and diagrams of this manual are in accordance with the newest products at the publishing time. Due to revision and other change, the information described in this manual may be a little different form the actual status. The copyright of this manual belongs to our Co., any group or individual is forbidden to reprint or copy any it. The manual is subject to change without notice.

Please pay special attention to statements preceded by the following words.

SYMBOLS

WARNING

A warning is used to alert the user to fact that hazardous operating and maintenance procedures may result in injury to or death of personnel if not strictly observed.

CAUTION

A caution is used to alert the user to fact that hazardous operating and maintenance procedures may result in damage to or destruction of equipment if not strictly observed.

NOTE

A note is used to give helpful information.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

WARNING

Before operating the engine, be sure to read and familiar with the manual carefully, otherwise injury to personnel or damage to equipment may occur.

Please pay special attention to the following:

1. Running the engine in a well ventilated place, keep it at least one meter away from building walls or other equipments, keep away from inflammables such as gasoline, matches and so on to avoid possibility of fire.
2. Keep the engine out of reach of children and pets to avoid accidents.
3. Operator on the engine has been specially trained.
4. Refuel in a well-ventilated area with the engine stopped, and in places refueling or storing gasoline, no smoking and any flames or sparks.
5. Refuel the fuel tank not too full so as to avoid fuel's spilling out. If there is spilled fuel around, be sure to clean it thoroughly before starting.
6. Locate the engine on a level -working platform to avoid fuel's spilling out.
7. Make sure the fuel filler cap is tightened securely.
8. The exhaust muffler is very hot during running the engine even after the engine stops. Never touch it, or you may get burns. Transport or store the engine with it cooling down entirely.

PARTS DESCRIPTION

The main parts of engine are located as follows (Fig.1)

Fuel tank cap Fuel tank Engine switch Dipstick Drain plug Oil plug Drain plug Exhausting-pipe Starting rope handle Drain plug Kick-starter Air cleaner Spark plug Muffler Choke lever Fuel cock Throttle lever fig. 1

CONTROL CONNECTION OF REMOTE DISTANCE (OPTION)

The holes in levers of both the choke and throttle valve are used for mounting op tioned steel wires. Fig. 2, 3 & 4 shown illustrate how to mount a solid steel wire and a meshed steel wire. If choosing a Accessory Options: meshed steel wire, a return spring is added.

If necessary, you may un screw the damping nut on the throttle valve lever slightly when controlling the throttle valve by a remote-controlled steel wire.

Accessory options:

Stiff steel wire Flexible steel wire Snap ringStiff steel wire 4mm screw Steel wire fixer Throttle valve lever fig. 2

Remote-controlled throttle:

Damping nut of throttle valve lever Return spring fig. 3

Remote-controlled choke:

Steel wire fixer Choke lever

fig. 4

Engine oil is a key factor in deciding the engine's performance. Do not apply engine oil with additives or 2-stroke gasoline engine oil, as they haven't enough lubrication, which

may shorten the engine's service life.

- Check the engine with it stopped on a level ground.

SAE15W-40 (Fig. 5) is recommended for general, all temperature use.

As viscosity varies with regions and temperatures, so the lubricant has to be selected in accordance with our recommendation.

Check (Fig. 6).

1. Ensure that the engine is stopped on a level ground.
2. Remove the dipstick and clean it.
3. Reinsert the dipstick into the oil filler without screwing in, and check oil level.
4. If the oil level is too low, add the recommended engine oil to the oil filler nick.
5. Reinstall the dipstick.

CAUTION

Run with insufficient engine oil may damage the engine severely.

II. OIL IN THE REDUCTION GEAR

BOX (only for model equipped with it)

1/2 Reduction gear box with an auto centrifugal clutch.
Brand of the oil is the same as that of engine oil. Oil capacity: 0.50 liters
Check the oil level in the following order (Fig. 7):
1. Remove the dipstick and clean it.
2. Reinsert the dipstick without screwing it in, and then take out it and check oil level.
3. If the oil level is too low, add the recommended engine oil until it arrives the upper level mark.
4. Reinstall the dipstick.

Dipstick Upper lever mark fig. 6

Oil capacity 0.50 liters

Upper lever mark

Dipstick

Drain plug fig. 7

III. AIR CLEANER

1. DOUBLE-CORE TYPE (Fig. 8)

Dismantle the air cleaner housing and check its filter element, make sure it is clean and intact, otherwise clean or replaceit.

Air cleaner housing Filter element fig. 8

Air cleaner housing Dust-collecting hood Filter element fig. 9

2. DUST-COLLECTING TYPE (Fig. 9)

Dismantle the dust-collecting hood and check the a) core of the air cleaner, make sure it is clean and intact, other wise clean or replace it.

Check if dust exists inside the dust-collecting hood, b) if any, clear away.

3. SEMI-DRY TYPE (Fig. 10)

a) Remove the air cleaner housing and check the filter element for dirt and impurity. Clean or replacement should be done if necessary.
b) Check the air cleaner for dirt, and remove it if any.

Air cleaner housing Filter element fig. 10

Oil level mark fig. 11

4. OIL-BATH TYPE (Fig. 11))

a) Dismantle the air cleaner housing and check its core, make sure it is clean and intact, otherwise clean or replace it.
b) Check oil level and oil quality. If the oil level is too low, add recommended engine oil to oil level mark.

CAUTION

Never run the engine without an air cleaner, or severe wear of the engine may occur.

IV. FUEL AND FUEL TANK

1. FUEL

The engine must apply unleaded gasolinge with an octane number over 86. Using unleaded gasoline will decrease the possibility of producing carbon deposit and prolong the engine's service life.

Never apply used or polluted gasoline or a maixture of gasoline and engine oil. Make sure the fuel is free of dirt and water.

2. GASOLINE CONTAINING ALCOHOL

If you decide to use a gasoline containing alcohol(fule blend), be sure its octane rating it at least as high as that recommended by the company. There are two types of "gasohol". One contains ethanol, and the other contains methanol. Neither gasoline containing more than 10% ethanol nor 5% methanol is allowed to be used. If methanol content in the fuel blend exceeds 5%, it may bring bad effect on the engine performance, besides, it may damage metals, rubber and plastic parts.

CAUTION

- Handle fuel with care because it can damage plastic and painted surfaces.

- It is normal when you hear occasionally light spark knock or pinking with the engine running under heavy load.

- Should spark knock or pinking be heard at a steady speed under normal load, change brand of gasoline; if such phenomenon still happens, consult your dealer for help, oth erwise, the engine may be damaged.

3. FUEL TANK

Fuel tank capacity: 3.6 liters (Fig. 12).

4. CHECK

Remove the fuel filler cap and check fuel level.

If the fuel level is too low, refuel the tank. Remember adding fuel not over the fuel filter shoulder (Fig. 12).

a) Upper fuel level b) fig. 12

WARNING

- Gasoline is extremely flammable and is explosive under certain conditions. Refueling in a well-ventilation area with the engine stopped. Do not smoke and allow flames or rocks in the area where gasoline is stored or where the fuel tank is refueled.

• Do not overfill the tank (there should be no fuel in the filler neck). After refueling, make sure the fuel tank cap is set back securely.
• Be careful not to spill fuel when refueling. Spilled fuel or fuel vapor may ignite. If any fuel is spilled, make sure the area is dry enough before starting the engine.
• Avoid repeated or prolonged contact with skin or breathing of fuel vapor.
• Keep out of reach of children.

STARTING OF THE ENGINE

1. Push the fuel cock to "ON" (Fig. 13).

ON Fuel cock ON fig. 13

CLOSE Chock lever OFF fig. 14

1. Push the choke lever to "CLOSE" (Fig. 14).

NOTE If the engine is hot, closing the choke is unnecessary.

1. Start the engine (Fig. 16).

a) Push the engine switch to "ON".
b) Pull slightly the starting rope handle up until feeing anti-action, and then make a rapid pull.

CAUTION

Releasing the handle

Engine switch ON Starting rope handle fig. 16

suddenly may make it hitting the engine. Release the handle slowly conforming with its recoiling force.

OPERATION

1. Preheat the engine and push back the choke lever to "OPEN" (Fig.17).

Choke lever OPEN fig. 17

NOTE

Engine Oil Alarm

The engine oil alarm is designed to alarm the user the fact that the engine oil in the crankcase is insufficient. Run with insufficient engine oil may damage the engine. Once oil level in the crankcase is too low, the engine oil alarm will stall the engine automati cally to make it free of damage while the engine switch is still at "ON".

CAUTION

If the engine still fails to work, check the engine oil level first before go to other check items.

NOTE

Operating on Highlands

On highlands, the standard mixture ratio is relatively too big so the engine perform mance may be impaired while the fuel consumption may increase. This problem can be solved as follows: replace the main jet of carburetor with smaller one, then, adjust the idle screw. If always using on highlands with a height above sea level of 1830 meters, ask your dealer for doing the job.

The engine power will decrease by about 3.5% with every 305 meters up in height, even the proper main jet is used.

CAUTION

The engine equipped with the main jet applicable to highlands may be damaged seriously in area below specified altitude, because its mixture ratio is too thin, output drops and the engine overheats for operation in low altitude area. In the case, ask your dealer to recover the engine to its normal technical status.

STOP

OFF fig. 20

1. Set the fuel switch to "OFF" (Fig. 21).

1. Push the engine switch to "OFF" (Fig. 20).

OFF fig. 21

EXHAUST CONTROL SYSTEM

With the engine running, carbon monoxide, oxide of nitrogen and hydrocarbon will produce, and in certain conditions, oxide of nitrogen and hydrocarbon will react chemically each other to make smoke while carbon monoxide is toxic, so exhaust control of them is very important. The company decreases the exhaust emissions by introducing poor-fuel carburetors and other devices into the engine to solve the problem.

To keep the exhaust of your engine within the standard exhaust emissionvalues, pay attention to the following:

I. MAINTENANCE

Maintain the engine periodically in accordance with the Maintenance Schedule in the manual. The maintenance schedule is made out on the base of normal use in normal conditions, if using under heavy load, dusty or wet circumstances or in high temperature, more frequent maintenance will be necessary.

II. REPLACEMENT OF PARTS

We recommend that you should choose such parts which are manufactured by our Co. or equivalent to these in quality as replacement ones. Replacement without so high quality may impair the exhaust control system in effectiveness.

III. MODIFYING

Modifying the exhaust control system may make actual exhaust emissions exceeding statutory limit values. Illegal modification is as follows:

Dismantle or modify any part of air inlet or outlet system.1.

Modify or take offspeed2.adjusting connection device or speed adjustment device to result in the engine's running outside the set parameters.

IV. PROBLEMS AFFECTING EXHAUST EMISSIONS

1. Difficult starting or difficult stopping.
2. Unstable idling.
3. Give off black smoke or consume too much fuel.
4. Poor ignition sparks or sparks returned.
5. Ignition is too advanced.

Once you find any of above problems, contact your dealer for help.

MAINTENANCE

I. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

To keep the engine in a sound condition, the user should maintain it according to the table below:

Item\Frequency		Each time	First month or 20 hrs	Each season or 50 hrs	Each 6-month or 100 hrs	Each year or 300 hrs
Engine oil	Oil level check √
	Replace √ √
Reduction gear oil	Oil level check √
	Replace √ √
Air cleaner	Check √
	Clean			√1	√1*
	Replace √ **
Deposit cup Clean √
Spark plug	Clean, adjust √
	Replace √
Spark eliminator Clean √
Idling Check, adjust						√2
Valve clearance Check, adjust						√2
Fuel tank & fuel filter Clean						√2
Fuel supply line	Check	Every two years (do a replacement if necessary)

CAUTION

Use only parts manufactured by the company or equivalents in quality; otherwise damage to engine may occur.

NOTES

* Only for inside-ventilating double-core carburetors.

** Only for paper core air cleaners.

① More often than that in the schedule if in dusty circumstances.

② The items should be done by your dealer unless you are specially trained and is well equipped with tools.

WARNING

Stall the engine before service. If service is required with the engine running, besuere keep good ventilation in the area. The exhaust emissions from the engine contain

toxic carbon monoxide, inbreathing of it may do harm to personnel and even result in death of personnel.

II. METHOD

1. REPLACEMENT OF ENGINE OIL

A still hot engine is helpful to drain out the engine oil in the crankcase rapidly and entirely.

a) Turn off the oil filler cap and drain plug to drain engine oil thoroughly. Reinstall the drain plug and screw in securely (Fig. 22).
b) Fill the specified engine oil to the upper lever mark.
c) Reinstall the oil filler cap. Engine oil capacity of the 1/2 reduction gear box is 0.5 liters; engine oil capacity of the crankcase is liters 0,60 l. (5,5 hp); 1,1 l. (7-9-11hp)

NOTE

Do not dump oil containers or discarded engine oil into rubbish boxes or onto the groud. For the sake of environmental protection, we suggest you take in dis-

carded engine oil with a closed container and bring to local recycling station.

Dipstick Drain plug Dipstick fig. 22 Drain plug

2. SERVICE OF AIR CLEANER

A dirty air cleaner may block enough air's flowing into the carburetor. To keep the carburetor in good

working conditions, please service the air cleaner periodically. If operating the engine in extremely dusty area, the job should the done more often.

WARNING

Never clean the air cleaner core in gasoline or low

flash-point detergents, or explosion may happen.

CAUTION

Never run the engine without an air cleaner, or air with dirt and dust may enter the engine so speed the engine's wear.

Double-core type (Fig. 23)

Unscrew the wing nut, dismantle the air cleaner housing. Check the two cores for dam age. If any, replace with new one.

a) Foam filter element: clean with home detergents and warm water (or non-flammable of high flash-point cleaning solvents) and dryup, then soak in clean engine oil until saturated. Squeeze out excess oil, otherwise, the engine will discharge smoke in starting stage.
b) Paper filter element: knock the core against a solid plane to get rid of accumulated dust or blow out dust from inside to outside with high-pressure air flow (not more than 30 psi). Never clean with a brush, as burshing may force the dust into the core fiber. If the core is extremely filthy, replace it with a new one.

Dust-collecting type (Fig. 24)

Unscrew the wing nut, dismantle the air cleaner housing, check the two cores for dam age. If any, replace damaged core with new one.

a) Foam filter element: clean with home detergents and warm water (or non-flammable or high flash-point cleansing solvents) and dry up, then soak in clean engine oil until sat urated. Squeeze out excess oil, otherwise, the engine will discharge smoke in starting stage.

Wing nut Air cleaner housing Paper filter element Foam filter element fig. 23

Pre-air cleaner cover Wing nut Groove Air guide Projection of air inlet Paper filter element Foam filter element Dust-collecting cup fig. 24

b) Paper filter element: knock the core against a solid plane to get rid of accumulated dust or blow out dust from inside to outside with high-pressure air flow (not more than 30 psi). Never clean with a brush, as brushing may force the dust into the core fiber. If the core is extremely filthy, replace it with a new one.

c) Clean the dust-collecting cup: turn off the three special semi-round screws and re move the cup, wash parts with water and then dry up. Install it to original position.

AUTION

- The dust-collecting core should be so installed to make sure that the projection of air inlet just fits into the groove in the pre-air cleaner cover.

• Install the air guide in correct order.

Semi-dry type (Fig. 25)

a) Unscrew the wing nut, remove the air cleaner housing, then take out the filter element.

b) Clean the filter element with non-flammable or high flash-point cleansing solvents, and dry it up.

c) Soak the core in clean engine oil until saturated. Squeeze excess iol, otherwise the engine will discharge smoke in starting stage.

d) Install the parts to original position.

Oil bath type (Fig. 26)

a) Remove the wing nut and air cleaner housing, and take out the filter element. Check if both the cores are damaged. If any, replace it with new one.
b) Clean the bores with home detergents(or high flash-point cleansing solvents) and warm water,and dry them up.
c) Soak them in clean engine oil, until saturated. Squeeze excess oil, or the engine will discharge smoke in starting stage.
d) Empty the air cleaner housing of foil, clear away the dust inside with non-flammable or high flash-point cleansing solvents, and dry it up. e) Fill the air cleaner housing with the specified engine oil to the standard oil level mark.
f) Fit the parts to original position.

3. WASHING OF DEPOSIT CUP (Fig. 27)

Set the fuel switch at "OFF", remove the deposit cup and O-ring. Wash them in non-flammable or high flash-point cleansing solvents, and then dry them up, at last, carry out reinstallation. Set the fuel switch to "ON" and check for leaks.

WARNING

• Gasoline is extremely flammable and explosive in certain conditions. Keep cigarette, sparks and open

flames away.

• After reinstalling the deposit cup, check it for leakage and make sure the area around the engine is dry enough.

4. SPARK PLUG (Fig. 28)

Spark plug type: BP6ES, BPR6ES (NGK) or NHSPLD F6RTCU.

Proper spark plug clearance ensures the engine's normal running under no deposit around the spark plug.

a) Remove the spark plug by means of spark plug wrench.

WARNING

Be careful not to touch the muffler during or just after running the engine.

Wing nut Air cleaner housing Filter element fig. 25

Wing nut Air cleaner housing Filter element fig. 26

O-ring Deposit cup fig. 27

Spark plug wrench

Illustration of hands using a tool to adjust or install a device (no text or symbols visible)

b) Clean the spark plug with a steel brush. If the insulator is damaged, replace the spark plug instead.
c) Measure the spark plug clearance with a feeler. The clearance should be 0.7\~0.8 mm (Fig.29). If adjust ment is necessary, bend the side electrode carefully.
d)Check if the spark plug gasket is in good conditions, or replace with a new one. Screw on the spark plug to the bottom first by hand and then tighten it up by a spark plug wrench. If a new spark plug is used, twist 1/2 more turns after impacting the gasket; if reinstall the original one, just twist 1/8 1/4 more turns.

CAUTION

• The spark plug must be tightened securely, or it may become very hot to damage the engine.
• Only use recommended spark plug or the equivalent.

Incorrect heat range of the spark plug may damage the engine.

0.7 - 0.8 mm fig. 29

EN

5. SPARK ELIMINATOR (option)

The spark eliminator should be serviced at least once every 100 hour's operation so as to keep it in a sound condition.

WARNING

The muffler is very hot during running the engine and even a long time after stop ping. Never touch it, or you may get burns. Service after the engine cools down.

a) Unscrew two nuts M4, and remove the exhaust elbow from the engine body (Fig. 30).
b) Turn off five screws M5 from the muffler guard and take out the latter.
c) Turn off screw M4 from the spark eliminator and separate it from the muffler.
d) Clear away carbon deposit from the spark eliminator mesh with a brush.
e) Reinstall the spark eliminator in reverse or der of removal.

Muffler guard Muffler Screw M5 Exhaust elbow Screw M4 Screw M4 Spark eliminator Mesh fig. 30

CAUTION

- Be careful not to damage the mesh eliminator.

- Never use a damaged spark eliminator.

6. ADJUSTMENT OF CARBURETOR IDLING

a) Start and preheat the engine until arriving at its normal working temperature (Fig. 31).
b) Obtain standard idling by adjusting the throttle fixing screw under the engine runs at a low speed.
Standard idling:1700±150rpm.

of the spark Throttle fixing screw fig. 31

TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND REMOVAL FROM STORAGE

I. TRANSPORT

Transport with the fuel switch turned off. Transport or store the engine when it is cool so as to avoid getting burns or fire.

CAUTION

Do not incline the engine so as to avoid spilling fuel. Spilled fuel or fuel vapor may ignite to cause fire.

II. STORAGE

If the engine is not kept in use for a long time, be sure to store it properly. Make sure the storage area is dry and free of dust.

Replace engine oil (Fig. 32).1.

Disconnect the spark plug. Fill a spoon of fresh engine oil from the sprak plug mount hole into the cylinder. Rotate the engine to distribute engine oil evenly, followed by fitting the sprak plug to original position.

Pull the starting rope slowly until feel a slight anti-action, 3.

and then keep pulling so as to align the arrow of the starting sleeve with the hole of the starter. At this time, both the inlet and outlet valves are closed so to help prevent the engine inside from rusting (Fig. 33). Cover the engine so keep dust away.4.

III. REMOVAL FROM STORAGE

Before reusing, service the engine in accordance with the instructions of the table.

Drain plug Deposit cup fig. 32

Align the arrow of the starting sleeve with the hole in the starter fig. 33

Storage time Service item
Within one month
One - two months Drain out original fuel	of the fuel tank and refuel.
Two months - one year Drain out original fuel	fuel of the fuel tank and refuel;Drain out fuel in the carburetor 1;Empty the deposit cup 2.
Above one year Drain out original fuel of the fuel tank and refuel;Empty the fuel cup in the carburetor 1;Empty the deposit cup 2;Move the engine from the storage place, fill it with fuel, then start up it.

① Screw off the drain plug and drain out fuel in the carburetor.
② Turn off the engine switch first, disconnect the deposit cup and empty it.
Note: For the sake of environmental protection, we recommend to fill the discarded fuel into a closed container and bring to local recycling station.
Never pour freely.

WARNING

Fuel is extremely flammable and explosive under certain conditions. Keep cigarette, open flames and sparks away from operating site.

I. STARTING ENGINE DIFFICULTLY

TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY
1. Something wrong with the fuel system.	There is no enough fuel in fuel tank or fuel cock is closed.	Fill fuel, open fuel cock.
2. Fuel supply is blocked or on fuel. ▲ Normal cylinder compression ▲ Normal spark	Air vent in the fuel filler cap is clogged.	Dredge air vent.
	Fuel cock is clogged. Clean first	and then dredge.
	Improper or clogged main jet	Readjust or clean, blow to get through.
	Needle valve is closed improperly or start hole is clogged.	Dismantle needle valve and repair, clean, blow to get through.
	Floater is damaged or sticking.	Repair floater.
1. Something wrong with the fuel system. ▲ Normal cylinder compression ▲ Normal spark ▲ Fuel flows easily and smoothly	Fuel is filthy or deteriorated. Replace.
	There is water in fuel. Replace.
	Too much fuel in engine cylinder.	Drain extra fuel, dry up spark plug electrodes.
	Wrong fuel brand. Select proper fuel brand corresponding with requirements.
1. Spark plug is in bad condition. ▲ Normal cylinder compression ▲ Normal fuel supply ▲ Normal high-pressure coil spark	Too much carbon fouling and dirt around electrodes.	Clear away.
	Electrodes are burn damaged seriously or insulators damaged.	Replace spark plug.
	Improper electrodes gap. Adjust to proper value.
1. No high-pressure coil spark ▲ Normal cylinder compression ▲ Normal fuel supply ▲ Norm spark plug	High-pressure coil is damaged. Replace.
	Ignition coil damaged. Replace.
	Magneto loses magnetism. Replace.
1. Poor cylinder compression ▲ Normal fuel supply system	Piston ring is so worn to over its wear limit.	Replace a set of piston rings.
	Piston ring is sticking.	Clear up carbon fouling.
	Piston ring is broken.	Replace.
Normal ignition system	Spark plug is not installed tighten or without a gasket.	Tighten with a gasket in.
	Air leakage between cylinder block and cylinder.	Check cylinder gasket and the flatness of the surface by which cylinder black contacting with cylinder head; tighten cylinder bolts in the order to stipulated torque.
	Air leakage in valve.	Check valve clearance and thickness, repair if necessary.

WARNING

- When testing the spark plug, never hold the high voltage wire of the spark plug with a set hand.

• Make sure there is no spilled fuel outside the engine and that the spark plug isn't dipped with fuel.
• To prevent fire, keep sparks far away from the spark plug mount hole.

Having fulfilled all the check items above, if the engine still fails to work, contact your dealer for help.

II. LOW GASOLINE ENGINE POWER OUTPUT

TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY
When turning throttle greater, speed increase responds slowly or speed is decreased even engine stops.	Ignition sys-tem.	Incorrect ignition time. Readjust ignition advance angle.
	Fuel supply system.	Air in fuel line of fuel line clogged. Exhaust air or dredge fuel line.
		Main jet is not adjusted properly. Readjust.
		In carburetor, needle valve hole and main jet clogged.	Clean and blow to get through.
		Fuel cock is clogged up. Clean, replace damage part.
		Too much carbon fouling in combusting chamber.	Clear away.
		Air cleaner is clogged up. Clean filter element.
		Intake pipe is leaking. Replace or replace it.
	Poor com-pression.	Piston or cylinder or piston ring is worn.	Replace it with a new one.
		Air leakage from the surface by which cylinder block contacting with cylinder head.	Replace cylinder gasket.
		Too big or too small valve clear-ance.	Adjust it.
		Valve tightness is poor. Repair.

III. GASOLINE ENGINE CANNOT RUN SMOOTHLY

TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Engine is pinking.	Piston, cylinder or piston ring is worn excessively.	Replace the worn.
	Piston pin and piston pin hole are worn excessively.	Replace piston or piston pin.
	Tie rod small head is worn excessively. Replace tie rod.	rod.
	Roller bearing for crankshaft main shaft is worn.	Replace roller bearing.
Abnormal combustion.	Engine is too hot.	Shoot trouble.
	Too much carbon fouling in combustion chamber.	clear away.
	Improper gasoline brand or low gasoline quality.	Replace with qualified gasoline.
Engine cannot start because of spark lacking.	There is water in floater room.	Clean.
	Improper spard plug electrodes clearance.	Adjust.
	Incorrect ignition time.	Readjust.
	Something wrong with induced coil, and so on.	Check and replace damaged parts.

IV. STOP SUDDENLY WHEN RUNNING

TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Stop suddenly when running.	Fuel supply system.	Fuel is used up. Fill fuel.
		Carburetor is clogged. Check	fuel line and dredge.
		Floater is leaking. Repair.
		Needle valve sticks.	Dismantle floater chamber and eliminate it.
	Ignition system.	Spark plug is struck through, or short-circuited by carbon deposit.	Replace spark plug.
		Side electrode of spark plug is dropped out.	Replace spark plug and remove the dropped object.
		Hi-voltage wire is dripped out.	Connect it.
		Engine oil in the crankcase is insufficient.	Add engine oil until it arrives the upper level.
		Ignition coil is struck through to be short-circuited.	Replace ignition coil with new one.
		Parking wire is located on the engine body.	Find out meeting and insulate.
	The other.	Cylinder is pulled considerably, valve falls off.	Repair or replace damaged parts.

V. GASOLINE ENGINE IS EXCESSIVELY HOT

TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Gasoline engine is excessively hot.	Improper ignition time. Adjust ignition advance	angle properly.
	Insufficient engine oil supply. Refill sufficient engine oil.
	Exhaust pipe is clogged. Dredge exhaust pipe.
	Flow guard is leaking. Repair leakages.
	Dirt or something like this fill up among air cooling fins.	Clear away dirt or something like this.
	Cooling fan is loosen, losing function. Reinstall	it well.
	Cylinder, piston or piston ring is worn, resulting in air flow between cylinder and crankcase.	Replace tie rod.
	Tie rod deformation makes piston and cylinder bushing side wear.	Replace the worn part.
	Improper adjustment of engine speed produces excessive rotational speed.	Readjust engine speed to proper value by speed regulator.
	Bearing of crankshaft is burnt out. Replace main bearing.

NOTE

The gasoline engine should run under certain temperature. Generally, permitting temperature at the flow guard outlet is between 80\~100°C, while the temperature of the crankcase is about 60°C under the magneto. If temperatures surpass the limits, it is an indication that the gasoline

engine is excessive hot.

VI. THERE IS ABNORMAL NOISE WHEN ENGINE RUNNING

TROUBLE CAUSE	REMEDY
There is noise of beating or piston slap is heard.	Piston or piston ring or cylinder is worn.	Replace the worn.
	Tie rod or piston pin and piston pin. Replace the worn.
	Main bearing of crankshaft is worn. Replace.
	Piston ring is broken. Replace.
There is metal-beaten noise in abnormal combustion.	Too much carbon deposit in combust-ing chamber.	Clear away carbon deposit.
	Too small electrodes clearance of spark plug.	Adjust electrodes clearance properly.
	Engine is flooded with fuel. Check relative parts such as car-buretor.
	Improper fuel brand. Replace fuel.
	Engine is excessively hot. Shoot trouble.
The other. Improper valve	clearance. Readjust valve clearance properly.
	Fly wheel is not connected to crankshaft tightly.	Connect tightly.

SPECIFICATIONS

I. MAIN SPECIFICATIONS

1. Design data

Items\Model	160F 168F /	168FD 168F-2 / 16	8F-2D
L x W x H (mm) 317 x 341 x 318 305 x 365 x 335		<305 x 385 x 334>	313 x 376 x 335<313 x 396 x 335>
Dry weight (kg) 13 15 <17> 15 <17>
Engine type 4-stroke, OHV, single cylinder tilt 25°
Displacement (cm3) 118 163 196
Bore x Stroke (mm) 60 x 42 68 x 45 68 x 54
Max. power in theory (kw/r/min)	2.9 (4PS)/3600 4.1	(5.5PS)/3600 4.8 (6.5PS)/3600
Power recommended (kw/r/min)	2.2 (3PS)/3600 3.4	(4.6PS)/3600 4 (5.5PS)/3600
Max. torque (N·m/r/min)	6.7/3000	9.0/3000	11.0/3000
Fuel consumption (g/kwh)	394
Cooling system	Force air-cooled
Ignition system	Non-transistorized ignition (TCI)
Spark plug type	BRR6ES (NGK), NHSP LD F6RTCU
Output direction of power shaft	Counterclockwise

1. Date relating to adjustment

Item	Date
Spark plug clearance	0.7~0.8 mm
Carburetor idling	1700±150 rpm
Valve clearance (cold engine)	Intake: 0.15±0.02 mm;Exhaust: 0.20±0.02 mm

NOTES

- Technical data vary with type of engine, therefore, they are subject to change without notice.

- Data in < > are suitable for the engine which is equipped with reducer.

II. TIMING OF DISTRIBUTION

Intake valve opening: BTDC10°;

Intake valve closing: ABDC20°.

Exhaust valve opening: BBDC30°;

Exhaust valve closing: ATDC10°.

III. TIGHTENING TORQUE OF IMPORTANT BOLTS

S/N Item Torque value (N·m)
1 Cylinder head bolt 24
2 Flywheel bolt 70~80
3 Crankcase cover bolt 24
4 Tie-rod bolt 12

ELECTRIC DIAGRAM

B1 Black Y Yellow G Green Engine switch Ignition coil Spark plug B1/R B1 Oil sensor Y

PRÉFACE

Kontrolle (Abb. 6).

Pure mechanical assembly diagram without any text, numbers, or symbols

Varilla de nivel

Controle (Afb. 6).

Line drawing of hands holding a device with a knob and ruler (no text or symbols)

Slika 28