ALP 200 (2004) - Motorcycle Beta - Free user manual and instructions
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USER MANUAL ALP 200 (2004) Beta
ALP4T 125/200 cc Thanks for you preference, and have a good time! This hand- book contains the information you need to properly operate and maintain your motorcycle. The data and specifications provided in this manual does not constitute an engagement on the part of BETAMOTOR S.p.A. BETAMOTOR reserves the right to make any changes and improvements to its models at any moment and without notice.82
IMPORTANT We recommend checking all the tightenings after the first one or two hours’ ride over rough ground. Special attention should be paid to the following parts:
- rear frame IMPORTANT For any servicing requirements, please contact Betamotor’s au- thorized service network.CONTEENTS
- The vehicle must be accompanied by: number-plate, registration document, tax disc and insurance.
- Do not carry any animals or objects which are not securely fastened to the vehicle, or exceed the vehicle’s overall dimensions or the maximum load specified by the manufacturer.
- Riding without a helmet is forbidden.
- Any modifications of the engine or other parts resulting in a power and/or speed increase are punishable by severe sanctions including the confiscation of the vehi- cle.
- To protect your safety and that of others, always wear a helmet and adopt a safe riding conduct. WARNING Any modifications and tampering with the vehicle during the warranty period exempt the manufacturer from all responsibility and make the warranty null and void. ECOLOGIC GUIDE
- Every vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine produces an amount of noise (noise pollution) and gases (air pollution) which varies with the riding style.
- The abatement of noise and air pollution levels is the duty of everybody. Avoid full- throttle starts, sudden acceleration and abrupt braking. This will reduce noise emis- sion as well as the wear and tear of the tyres and mechanical parts, and will also allow a considerable reduction in fuel consumption.86
- Always put on and fasten a homologated helmet.
- Always keep the helmet visor clean.
- Avoid wearing garments with hanging ends.
- Do not keep sharp or brittle objects in your pockets while riding.
- Be sure to correctly adjust the rearview mirrors.
- Always ride in a seated position, with both hands on the handlebars and both feet on the footrests.
- Always pay attention and do not allow anything to distract you while riding.
- Do not eat, drink, smoke, use a mobile phone, etc. while riding.
- Do not wear headphones to listen to music while riding.
- Never ride abreast with other vehicles.
- Do not tow and avoid being towed by other vehicles.
- Always keep a safe distance from other vehicles.
- Ride with the lights (low beam) on, even during the day.
- Do not sit on the vehicle when it is on its stand.
- Do not start off while the vehicle is on its stand.
- Do not pull out the stand when the vehicle is facing downhill.
- Avoid swaying and wheelies as they are extremely dangerous for your own and other people’s safety as well as for your vehicle.
- Always apply both brakes on dry roads with no gravel and sand. Using one brake may result in dangerous and uncontrolled skidding.
- To reduce the braking distance, always apply both brakes.
- On wet roads, ride at moderate speed and be very careful, especially when applying the brakes.
- Do not start the engine in closed places.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Vehicle identification data Delivery Load Tyres Familiarizing with your vehicle Keys and locks Ignition switch / Steering lock Helmet lock Instrument panel and controls Specifications Wiring diagram Electrical devices1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Frame identification data A are stamped on the right side of the steering head tube. Engine identification data B are stamped in the area shown in the figure. WARNING Tampering with the identification numbers is severely punished by law. FRAME IDENTIFICATION
- The vehicle is supplied ready for use. However, it is advisable to conduct a few simple checks before riding: - Check the tyre pressures (when first refuelling). - Check the oil level in the engine.
- The following items are supplied as standard and are contained in a plas- tic envelope placed in a compartment under the saddle: operation and main- tenance manual, tool kit (ignition span- ner, double-function screwdriver).
pressure is too low pressure is correct pressure is too high LOAD
- Maximum load (rider + passenger): 280 kg.
- To avoid making the vehicle unstable, do not carry bulky or heavy objects.
- Do not carry objects that stick from the vehicle or cover the lighting and signalling devices.
- The helmet must be put in its compartment with the top facing downwards. TYRES WARNING For your riding safety, frequently check the tyres.
- Keep the tyre pressures within the pre- scribed range.
- Check the tyre pressures every other week.
- Always measure the inflating pressures when the tyres are cold. TYRES Make: MICHELIN Type: Trial competition TT TYRE Size Pressure bar Full-load pressure bar REAR
The vehicle is also homologated with all- terrain tyres: Make: PIRELLI Type: Scorpion TYRE Size Pressure bar REAR 120/80 - 18”
Note: The tyre (TUBE TYPE) tread depth must never be less than 2 mm. Failure to comply with this rule is punished under the regulations in force.
- Before riding, check the tyres for cuts, cracks, abrasions, bulges, etc. If any defects are found, have the tyres checked by an expert as riding with a damaged tyre can be extremely dangerous.
- If a tyre gets punctured, stop the vehicle immediately. Riding with a flat tyre is dangerous and may seriously damage the tyre itself and the wheel rim. ∗Higher inflating pressures are recommended when riding in maximum load condi- tion (refer to the table on page 89).1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
12- Rearview mirrors
The vehicle is supplied with two keys and the related spares for the ignition switch/ steering lock and the helmet lock. WARNING Do not keep the spare keys in the vehicle. Keep the keys in a safe and easy-to-reach place. The code number stamped on the keys should be copied on this manual (or elsewhere) so it can be used to ask for duplicates should both keys be lost.
IGNITION SWITCH/STEERING LOCK
It controls the ignition circuit and the steering lock, and the opens the saddle. OFF: Electrical equipment disabled. ON: The vehicle can be started. LOCK:Steering lock on. To lock the handlebar, turn it to the left, press the key, rotate it anticlockwise all the way and then release it. HELMET LOCK Insert the smaller key into the lock located on the left side under the saddle, and then rotate it anticlockwise to open the helmet hook.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
7- High beam warning light
8- Reserve fuel warning light
Note: The lighting of the stand warning light indicates that the stand is down. For safety reasons, the engine stops as soon as the gears are engaged.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
(for manufacturer and dealers) A description of the basic procedure for setting up the digital instrument is provided for information purposes only. We recommend having the operation performed by an authorized Betamotor dealer. ALP 125 - ALP 200 Series CONTENTS PARAGRAPH SUBJECT
10.1 Wheel specifications
10.2 Engine specifications
20.0 LEVEL 1 SETUP (for manufacturer and dealers)
20.1 Performing level 1 setup
20.2 Selecting codes
20.4.5 Setting the number of hours to the next oil change
20.4.6 Setting the number of hours or kilometres to the next service
40.1 Operation and display of pages and icons
40.2 Blanking out pages
40.3 Resetting the TRP, SPEED max and LAP parameters.
50.0 Monitoring icons (engine oil and service icons)
50.1 Checking the active contents of the monitoring icons.1
10.1 Wheel specifications (factory loaded)
Size of the wheel fitting the revolution sensor. Enter the wheel diameter or circumfer- ence in mm (maximum allowable values 9999; if, for example, the wheel diameter is 695 mm, after the measurement has been entered the display should read 0695) and the number of pulses per revolution (maximum allowable value 99). Once the value has been entered, if the number of pulses is less than 10, e.g. 1, the display should read 01. NB: The SCROLL button can be operated in one of two ways: Short operation (button pressed for ≤ 1 second): displays the next page. Long operation (button pressed for ≥ 5 seconds): selects the currently displayed function, allowing its values to be checked, entered, altered and, in some cases, stored. For the sake of convenience, reference will only be made to the SCROLL button on the handlebars, but the same results can be obtained by using the MODE button on the speedometer (the MODE button can only be operated while the vehicle is sta- tionary).
10.2 Engine specifications (only if tachometer is active)
Number of pulses per revolution and maximum nominal number of revolutions re- quired to adjust the bar. Any parameters entered while the sensor is not present will not alter operation but will bring up the page on the LCD display with the parameters and the bar set to zero. The sensor input is on connector pin 12. The number of pulses per engine revolution uses the same criteria as the number of pulses per wheel revolution, whereas the number of engine revolutions only requires the thousands and hundreds to be specified. For example, to enter 15,000 revolutions, enter 150 on the large digits; to enter 8,500 revolutions, enter 085 on the large digits.
10.3 Preloaded codes (factory loaded)
Four factory-defined codes contain the wheel parameters as well as monitoring parameters such as ‘hours to oil change’ and ‘hours or km to service’. Only the monitoring parameters can by altered at all times. Identification is obtained by high- lighting a code number on the LCD display. The first code to be entered will be
The preloaded codes can only be altered by the manufacturer. It should be noted that, if the instrument is reprogrammed, the total number of kilometres covered is set to zero.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Each speedometer layout contains a table showing the codes and the related descrip- tions. The contents of each code can be checked at any moment.
It allows choices to be made and values to be entered in all fields:
- number of pulses per wheel revolution,
- number of pulses per engine revolution,
- hours to oil change,
- km or hours to service,
- speed unit, Km/h or Mph, the default being Km/h.
20.1 Performing level 1 setup
- With the instrument switched off, press and hold down the SCROLL button.
- Start the vehicle while the battery is connected.
- After approximately 7 seconds WS will be displayed in the bottom right corner as shown in Figure 1.
- Hold down the SCROLL button and operate the high beam button, turning the beam on and off 5 times.
- When SCROLL is released, the display will appear cu as shown in Figure 2 if the instrument has never been set up before. Otherwise the code adopted during the previous setup will be displayed as shown in Figure 3. Figure 11 GENERAL IMFORMATION
20.2 Selecting codes
- Pressing SCROLL for a short time cycles through the other codes until the display appears as shown in Figure 2. Table of codes Model Alp 4.0 Alp 200 cc Motard M4 Code 0001 0002 0003 Wheel 2105 2115 1830 circ.
- After selecting the desired code, press and hold down SCROLL until WS is displayed in the bottom right corner (Figure 4). Once the button is released, the code is activated and the display appears as shown in Figure 5.
- If the configuration is complete, there are two possibilities: - exiting the setup procedure and launch- ing the test as described in paragraph
40.0 by turning the speedometer off
and then on again; - checking the code as described in paragraph 20.3.
- If no code is appropriate, repeat the procedure until the display is as shown in Figure 2, which can be obtained by briefly pressing SCROLL while Figure 3 is displayed. Subsequently press SCROLL until WS is shown and then release it to activate the procedure de- scribed in paragraph 20.4. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 41 GENERAL IMFORMATION
The codes can be checked at all times. Perform the setup procedures again by following the steps described in paragraph 20.1. Once the code has been selected and stored, the display will appear as shown in Figure 5. Press SCROLL until the horizontal bars shown in Figure 7 are displayed. Releasing the button will display the wheel circumference corresponding to the selected code (unmodifiable). Briefly pressing the SCROLL button brings up Figure 6. Press SCROLL until the horizontal bars shown in Figure 7 are displayed. Releasing the button will display the wheel diameter corresponding to the selected code (unmodifiable). Briefly pressing the SCROLL button brings up Figure 8. Press SCROLL until the horizontal bars shown in Figure 7 are displayed. Releasing the button will display the number of pulses per wheel revolution corresponding to the selected code (unmodifiable). Briefly pressing the SCROLL button brings up Figure 9. Press SCROLL until the horizontal bars are displayed. Releasing the button will display the number of pulses per engine revolution corresponding to the selected code (unmodifiable). Briefly pressing the SCROLL button brings up Figure 10. Press SCROLL until the horizontal bars are displayed. Releasing the button will display the number of engine revolutions corresponding to the selected code (unmodifiable). Pressing SCROLL again will successively display figures 11, 12 and 13 which, even though linked with the codes, can always be altered as described in para- graph 20.4. At the end of the procedure, End appears on the display. Pressing SCROLL for a short time while End is displayed returns to the menu, going back to Figure 5. Pressing SCROLL until the bars - - - - are displayed and then releasing it causes the instrument to go into test mode as described in paragraph 40.0. The same result is obtained by turning the instrument off and then on again.
or di (wheel diameter) Ln (wheel circumference in mm): pressing SCROLL for a short time changes to di (wheel diameter in mm); pressing SCROLL again changes back to Ln and so forth. To be able to proceed, at least one of the two values must be other than 0. Figure 51 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Figure 6 After performing the procedure described in paragraphs 20.1 and 20.2 and with the display appearing as shown in Fig- ure 5 or 6, press and hold down the SCROLL button until the display is as shown in Figure 7. When SCROLL is released, the bars will be replaced by 0000, or by the previ- ously entered value with the leftmost digit blinking. Pressing SCROLL for a short time increases the value by one unit. Leav- ing SCROLL inactive for 2 seconds will cause the blinking of the second digit from the left. Use the same procedure for the second and all the other digits. Once Ln has been entered, wait 2 sec- onds until the value disappears from the display. To alter the entered value, sim- ply repeat the procedure. Briefly press- ing the SCROLL button causes the dis- play to appear as shown in Figure 6. Once Ln has been entered, the page will display the corresponding diameter, cal- culated automatically by the instrument. To change the value, follow the proce- dure described for Figure 7. Alternatively, wait until the value disappears from the display and briefly press SCROLL. The display will then appear as shown in Fig- ure 8.
20.4.2 Setting the number of
pulses per wheel revolution HALL Speed (number of pulses per wheel revolution). With the display appearing as shown in Figure 8, press and hold down the SCROLL button until the bars - - - - are displayed. When the button is released, either 00 or the previously loaded value is displayed.The value is updated and stored using the same procedure de- scribed for Figure 7. Pressing SCROLL for a short time causes the display to appear as shown in Figure 9. Figure 7 Figure 81 GENERAL IMFORMATION
20.4.3 Setting the number of
pulses per engine revolution (only if requested) The parameters can be entered manually by attaching a transducer to connector pin 12. If no tachometer is present, enter 00 on page 9 or page 10. This will pre- vent the tachometer page from being dis- played. HALL rpm (number of pulses per engine revolution) Press and hold down the SCROLL but- ton until the bars - - - - are displayed. When the button is released, either 00 or the previously entered value is dis- played. The value is updated and stored using the same procedure described for Figure 7. Pressing SCROLL for a short time brings up Figure 10.
20.4.3.1 Setting the number of pulses
for the maximum rpm The tachometer displays the number of revolutions through 5 small digits and the bar. To set the full-scale reading, it is first necessary to enter the maximum rpm. max (number of pulses per engine revo- lution) Press and hold down the SCROLL but- ton until the bars - - - - are displayed. When the button is released, 000 will be displayed in large digits and 00 on small digits. The value is updated and stored using the same procedure de- scribed for Figure 7, bearing in mind that 100 stands for 10,000 rpm. Once the value has been stored, the display will appear as shown in Figure 10. Pressing SCROLL for a short time brings up Figure 11. Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 111 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Press and hold down the SCROLL button until the bars - - - - are displayed. As soon as the button is released, only Km/h or Mph will blink to denote which unit is active at that moment. Briefly press SCROLL to toggle between units. To confirm the current selection, press and hold down the SCROLL button until WS is displayed in the bottom right corner. Once the button is released, the display will appear as shown in Figure 11. Pressing SCROLL for a short time brings up Figure 12. Figure 12
20.4.5 Setting the number of
hours to the next oil change Press and hold down the SCROLL but- ton until the bars - - - - are displayed. The value is updated and stored using the same procedure described for Figure
7. Pressing SCROLL for a short time
20.4.6 Setting the number of
hours or kilometres to the next service Press and hold down the SCROLL but- ton until the bars - - - - are displayed. When the button is released, the display will appear as shown in Figure 14. Pressing SCROLL for a short time tog- gles between Km/h and CLK. To confirm the current selection, press and hold down the SCROLL button until WS is briefly displayed in the bottom right corner. After releasing the button, enter and save the value by following the pro- cedure described for Figure 7. At the end of the operation, the display will appear as shown in Figure 13. Pressing SCROLL for a short time brings up the End cap- tion.
Pressing SCROLL for a short time while End is displayed returns to the menu, bringing back the display to the status shown in Figure 5. Pressing SCROLL until the bars - - - - are displayed and then releasing it causes the instrument to go into test mode (Fig- ure 15). The same result is obtained by turning the instrument off and then on again. The test is a general check of all the seg- ments and icons on the LCD display and of all the warning lights. The test lasts 3 seconds. At the end of the test the default page will be displayed. Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 - TEST1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
40.1 Operation and display of pages and icons
Order of pages on LCD display The different pages can only be viewed in succession starting from the default page. Turn the ignition switch to the ON posi- tion. General check of all the icons and bars on the LCD display and warning light test. The test lasts 3 seconds. At the end of the test the default page is displayed. The default page is automatically displayed at the end of the test. Displayed information: Battery - Shows the battery charge on a vertical bar (min. 10.4 V, max. 14.5 V). Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/h or Mph). ODO - Total counter measuring the kilo- metres or miles covered from the initial se- tup. It is displayed at the bottom (max. rea- ding 999,999 kilometres or miles). The parameter cannot be reset Page 1 - TEST Page 2 - DEFAULT PAGE1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Page 3 - TRP Page 4 - AVS Page 5 - LAP - Stopwatch hours:minutes:seconds While page 2 is displayed, briefly press MODE if the vehicle is stationary or SCROLL while travelling to bring up page
The new page is displayed as soon as the button is released. Displays: Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/h or Mph) TRP Trip counter, displayed at the bottom (max. 999.9 km or miles) The counter can be reset manually (see paragraph 40.3) or automatically when
999.9 km or miles are totalled.
While page 3 is displayed, briefly press MODE if the vehicle is stationary or SCROLL while travelling to bring up page
The new page is displayed as soon as the button is released. Displayed information: Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/h or Mph) AVS Actual average speed for TRP (calculated only while travelling) at the bottom. The parameter cannot be reset manually. It is only reset at the same time as the TRP page. While page 4 is displayed, briefly press MODE if the vehicle is stationary or SCROLL while travelling to bring up page 5. The new page is displayed as soon as the button is released. Displayed information: Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/ h or Mph). It displays:
HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS 00:00:00
at the bottom. Operation: The controls operate only when page 5 or 6 are displayed. - Manual start/stop obtained by briefly pres- sing the SCROLL button. - Automatic start/stop from wheel pulse. Three seconds after the wheel has come to a halt, the stopwatch ceases to operate and the de- lay is compensated for.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Page 6 - LAP Page 7 - CLK Stopwatch minutes:seconds:tenths of a second Pressing SCROLL for 1.5 seconds while page 5 is displayed brings up figure 21 for 1 se- cond with the bars - - : - - :- - at the top. Holding down SCROLL brings up page 5 again. Releasing the SCROLL button brings up page
Displayed information: Stopwatch format MINUTES:SECONDS 00:00 displayed at the top. Two small digits are used for tenths of a second. It works exactly as page 5, of which it represents an extension. When this page is reset, page 5 is also reset and vice versa. Instant speed on small digits (max. 199 km/h or Mph) Clock hours:minutes:seconds Releasing the SCROLL button brings up page 7. Displayed information: Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/h or Mph) Clock HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS at the bottom, 00:00:00. The parameter can be adjusted by pressing MODE or SCROLL while the vehicle is statio- nary. If Km/h has been selected, the clock will opera- te in 24-hour format. 23:59:59 If Mph has been selected, the clock will operate in 12-hour format. 11:59:59 with AM/ PM added automatically when Mph is selected. Clock setting procedure
1. Press the MODE or SCROLL button until the hour digits start blinking.
2. Releasing the button and then pressing it again. increases the hours by one unit.
Holding down the button causes the figures to change rapidly. Leaving the button inactive skips to step 4.
3. Release the button when the correct hour setting has been obtained.
4. After 2 seconds the minute digits start blinking.
5. Use the procedure described at step 2. Leaving the button inactive skips to step 8.
6. Release the button when the correct minute setting has been obtained.
7. After 2 seconds the second digits start blinking.
8. Use the procedure described at step 2.
9. Release the button when the correct second setting has been obtained. The new time
setting is stored after 2 seconds.
10. Changing the speed unit from Km/h to Mph causes the time display to change
from the 24-hour to the 12-hour format.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
Page 8 - CLK Page 10 - SPEED max Clock minutes:seconds While page 7 is displayed, briefly press MODE if the vehicle is stationary or SCROLL while travelling to bring up page 8. The new page is displayed as soon as the button is released. Displayed information: Clock format MINUTES:SECONDS 00:00 at the top. The parameter can only be adju- sted by pressing MODE or SCROLL while minutes or seconds are selected and the vehi- cle is stationary. It also updates page 7, of which it represents an extension. Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/ h or Mph). While page 8 is displayed, briefly press MODE if the vehicle is stationary or SCROLL while travelling to bring up page
The new page is displayed as soon as the button is released. Displayed information: Instant speed at the top (max. 199 km/h or Mph) SPEED max Maximum speed reached from the last time the parameter was reset. It can be reset manually.
40.2 Blanking out pages
If a page is of no interest to the user, it can be blanked out while remaining active to speed up the display of the next page. All the pages can be blanked out, individually or in sets, with the exception of default page 2. To blank out a page: While the page is displayed, press MODE or SCROLL and hold it down until WS appears in the bottom right corner of the LCD display. When the button is released, the page will no longer be visible. To display all blanked out pages again: While the default page is displayed, press MODE or SCROLL and hold it down until WS appears in the bottom right corner of the LCD display. If no page had been previously blanked out, all pages will be blanked out. To display the pages again, repeat the above procedure.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
40.3 Resetting the TRP, SPEED max and LAP parameters.
The following parameters can be reset: - TRP, trip counter, and consequently AVS. - SPEED max, maximum speed reached by the vehicle. Times indicated by LAP in both configurations while either of the two pages is displayed. The parameters can be reset by pressing the MODE button while the vehicle is stationary or the SCROLL button at all time. Resetting the TRP and SPEED max parameters Press MODE or SCROLL for at least 5 se- conds, causing 0.0 to be displayed in pla- ce of the figure. The TRP parameter can only be reset while the vehicle is stationary. Resetting TRP also causes AVS to be reset. Resetting the LAP parameter When the LAP time is reset, pages 5 and 6, which are strictly dependent on it, are also reset. The figures will be replaced by the hori- zontal bars, which will remain visible for 1 second. Releasing the MODE or SCROLL button while the bars are displayed resets the fi- gure. Holding down the MODE or SCROLL but- ton brings up the next page while retai- ning the figures on the current page.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
50.0 MONITORING ICONS (engine oil and service icons)
OIL ICON When 90 per cent of the hours making up the oil change interval have elapsed, the oil icon appears steadily on all pages. As soon as the preset value is reached, the icon starts to blink. Contact an authorized Betamotor dealer. When 90 per cent of the hours or kilome- tres making up the preset service interval have been totalled, the service icon is di- splayed steadily on all pages. As soon as the preset value is reached, the icon starts to blink. Contact an authorized Betamotor dealer. Regarding the planned maintenance to be performed after the first 1000 kilometres, please refer to the table on page 115. SERVICE ICON BATTERY ICON - Vb GREATER THAN 14.5 V When the vertical bar blinks and max is displayed, the battery voltage exceeds
14.5 V. If the indication persists, the cause
will have to be determined. Contact an authorized Betamotor dealer.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
BATTERY ICON - Vb LESS THAN 10.5 V When the vertical bar blinks and min is displayed, the battery voltage is less than
10.5 V. If the indication persists, the cause
will have to be determined. IMPORTANT: If the battery is discon- nected or its voltage is nearly zero, the instrument loses its functionality. When this happens, the indicator and/or stand war- ning lights light up and the LCD displays is lit with no symbols. To restore the functio- nality of the instrument, unplug the connector or disconnect the battery positive terminal for at least 5 seconds. As a result, the clock will lose its setting and the time will have to be set again. All the other data are preserved.
50.1 Checking the active contents of the monitoring icons
It is always possible to check how many hours are to elapse or kilometres to be covered before the monitoring icons are displayed. Turn on the instrument while pressing MODE and SCROLL at the same time. Holding down the buttons for about 5 seconds alternately displays the oil icon with the hours to the next oil change and the service icon with the hours to elapse or the kilometres to be covered (depending on the selected unit) before the vehicle requires servicing. The test begins when the two buttons are released. SELECTING Km/h or Mph Press and hold down the SCROLL button until the bars - - - - are displayed. When the button is released, only a flashing Km/ h or Mph will be displayed to denote which unit is active at the moment. Briefly press SCROLL to toggle between units. To confirm the current selection, press and hold down the SCROLL button until WS is displayed in the bottom right corner. When the button is released, the figure is di- splayed again. Pressing SCROLL briefly brings up the figu- re at left.1 GENERAL IMFORMATION
TO BATTERY POSITIVE (+) TERMINAL (red cables) TO BATTERY NEGATIVE (--) TERMINAL (black cables) POSITION OF BATTERY PROTECTION ELECTRICAL DEVICES BATTERY To gain access to battery (A), remove the saddle as described on page 138. Release rubber band (B), disconnect the cables and remove the battery. WARNING To prevent damage to the electrical system, never disconnect the cables while the engine is running. Reinsert battery (A) in the specially designed recess under the saddle and fasten it using rubber band (B). Connect the terminal on the black cables to the battery negative (-) terminal and the two red cables to the battery positi- ve (+) terminal, fitting the protective cap as shown in the figure.
REGULATOR Control unit (C), starter relay switch (D) and voltage regulator (E) are located on the right side of the vehicle. To have access to these components, remove the saddle and the rear side panel as described on page 138. HV COIL To gain access to coil (F), remove the fuel tank as described on page 138. FUSE - FLASHER UNIT - STAND RELAY Flasher unit (G), stand relay (H) and fuse box (I) are installed under the control unit. To replace any of these components, remove the saddle and the rear side panel as described on page 138, then disengage control unit (C) from its rubber support.
Checks and maintenance before and after off-road use Recommended lubricants and fluids Running-in Starting the engine Shutting off the engine Refuelling2 OPERATION
CHECKS AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER OFF-ROAD USE To avoid trouble during operation, it is advisable to perform a few checks and maintenance operations before and after riding. In addition to making your vehicle safer, a few minutes spent carrying out these operations will enable you to save time and money. Follow these steps: TYRES Check the inflating pressures, the general condition, and the tread depth. SPOKES Check the tensioning. NUTS AND BOLTS Check the tightening of all nuts and bolts. DRIVE CHAIN Check the tension (play = 20 mm) and if necessary grease. AIR FILTER Clean the filter and wet it with oil. Note Check for the presence of the vehicle identification papers. In cold weather, it is advisable to warm up the engine by letting it idle for a few moments before starting off. The vehicle needs to be carefully washed every time it is used over rough ground.2 OPERATION
To maximize the vehicle’s performance and ensure many years of trouble-free opera- tion, we recommend using the following products: Note It is essential that all renewals should be performed with the products listed in the table above. RUNNING-IN The running-in period lasts approximately 10 hours, during which it is advisable to:
- Warm up the engine well before starting off.
- Avoid riding at constant speed (changing the speed allows the different compo- nents to bed in uniformly and in a shorter time).
- Avoid turning the throttle twist grip more than 3/4 of its travel. WARNING
- After the first 1000 km renew the engine oil.
- Always use high-octane unleaded petrol.
- After using the vehicle on rough ground for the first time, carefully check the tighten- ing of all nuts and bolts.2 OPERATION
- Turn the key in the ignition key clockwise and ensure that the neutral indicator on the instrument panel is lit (see item 5 on page 93).
- Set the emergency switch on the throttle control to the (o) position.
- Turn fuel cock A: OFF = closed ON = open
- Pull out starting device knob B, located on the left side of the carburettor, until the second click is heard.
- On ALP125 models, starter lever B can only be operated after pressing it inwards.
- Pull the clutch lever while pushing the start button on the throttle control with- out rotating the throttle twist grip (vehi- cles with electric start only).
If a backward-shifted footrest kit is fitted (for trial use), lift the right-hand footrest to allow the rotation of the kick-start.
- Wait for about 2 minutes to warm up the engine without rotating the throttle twist grip, and then push down starting device B, pausing after the first click. Note: The engine can also be started when the stand is down provided that the neutral indicator is lit.
Important When the stand is down, the red warn- ing light on the instrument panel stays lit and the engine stops for safety reasons as soon as the gears are engaged, even if the clutch lever is pulled. Always retract the stand before putting into gear. Note In an emergency, the vehicle can also be operated without a battery.
SHUTTING OFF THE ENGINE
- While the vehicle is stationary and in neutral gear, rotate the ignition key to the “OFF” position.
- Before stopping the engine after a long ride, it is advisable to let it idle for a few moments.
- Always close the fuel cock after stop- ping the engine.2 OPERATION
- Switch off the engine.
- Remove cap A. Note The fuel tank capacity is approximately
6.8 litres, including 1.5 litres reserve.
Any spills of petrol on the bodywork or other parts of the motorcycle must be re- moved immediately. Shut off the engine before refuelling. Petrol is extremely flammable. Take care not to spill any petrol from the tank or while refuelling. Do not keep open flames or lighted ciga- rettes close to the fuel filler: fire hazard. Also avoid inhaling noxious fumes.3
Engine oil and oil filter Fume collecting tube Brake pump oil - Bleeding the brakes Fork oil Air filter Spark plug Front and rear brakes Battery Removing the bodywork Notes for trial use Cleaning and checking the vehicle Scheduled maintenance Prolonged inactivity3
Check Keep the vehicle in an upright position. Check the oil level through oil level sight A when the engine is cold. The oil level must never fall below the sight. If neces- sary, top up after removing filler cap B. Topping up Only top up after checking the max level shown on sight A. Renewal Always renew the oil when the engine is hot. To avoid burns, take care not to touch the engine and the oil.
- The oil filter should be renewed at the same time as the oil.
- Put the vehicle on its stand.
- Extract the two screws D and fastening E, and then remove protection C.
- Place a container under the engine.
- Unscrew filler plug B and drain plug F.
- Drain all the oil from the crankcase.
- Remove the oil filter cover after unscrew- ing the three nuts G.
- Remove the oil filter and replace it with a new one.
- Apply a thin film of engine oil to the filter cover O-ring before insertion.
- Apply a film of engine oil over the filter cover O-ring before fitting it.
- Fit the oil filter cover after fitting the spring and the O-ring, and then tighten the three fastening nuts.
- Pour in the necessary quantity of oil.
- Close the filler plug and then refit the pro- tection taking care to position the spacers in sequence.
- Start the engine and allow it to idle for a few minutes.
- Switch off the engine, wait for about a minute, and then check the level. If nec- essary top up without exceeding the max level. Engine oil capacity: oil change ........................... 850 ml with filter replacement ............ 950 ml overhaul ........................... 1,300 ml Note Renew the oil after the first 1,000 km. Subsequent renewals should be every 5,000 km 15 months, (refer to the table on page 142). Always use the lubricants shown on page 123. The oil filter should be replaced for the first time when the oil is first renewed, and sub- sequently every 10,000 km (30 months). Important Dispose of used oil in compliance with the regulations in force.3
Check Keep the vehicle in an upright position. The engine is cold, check for the presence of oil. Topping up To restore the level, remove cap A and top up. Renewal Always renew the oil when the engine is hot. To avoid burns, take care not to touch the engine and the oil.
- Put the vehicle on its stand.
- Extract the two screws D and fastening E, and then remove protection C.
- Place a container under the engine.
- Unscrew filler plug A and drain plug B.
- Drain all the oil from the crankcase.
- Pour in 1000 cc of fresh oil.
- Screw on filler cap A again. WARNING Hot oil can cause severe burns. Note: Renew the engine oil after the first 500 km. For the renewal intervals, refer to the table on page 142. Only use the lubricants recommended on page 123.3
Fume collecting tube A is located on the left side of the vehicle next to the shock absorber. It comes out of the lower part of the filter box and is designed to collect the fumes produced by the engine oil. It is de- signed to collect the fumes produced by the engine oil. Should any oil be found in the tube, remove the cap at the lower end of the tube and drain the oil, or the mixture of oil and petrol, into a suitable container. Disposal is to be made according to the regulations in force. Note
Empty the fume collecting tube every 3,000 km.
BRAKE PUMP OIL - BLEEDING THE
BRAKES Front brake Check that oil is present by looking through oil level sight A. The minimum oil level should never be lower than the mark on sight A. To restore the oil level, loosen the two screws B, lift cover C and pour in fresh oil. Rear brake Check that oil is present by looking through reservoir D. The oil level must never be lower than the minimum level mark on reservoir D. To restore the level, remove filler cap E and top up with fresh oil. WARNING A spongy feel of the brake lever may be due to an air bubble in the braking sys- tem. Immediately contact an authorized workshop. Note For information on oil renewals, refer to the table on page 142. Use the recom- mended lubricants shown on page 123.3
Bleeding the front brake Follow these steps to bleed the front brake circuit:
- Remove rubber cap A from valve B.
- Remove the oil reservoir cap.
- Insert one end of a small tube into valve B and place the other end in a container.
- Unscrew valve B (while pulling the lever) and then pump by repeatedly actuating the brake lever until oil starts flowing out continuously with no air bubbles. During this operation, it is important that the le- ver should not be released completely and that the brake pump reservoir should be continuously refilled to make up for the oil that is flowing out.
- Tighten the valve and extract the tube.
- Replace the cap. Bleeding the rear brake Follow these steps to bleed the rear brake circuit:
- Remove rubber cap C.
- Remove the oil reservoir cap.
- Insert one end of a small tube into valve D and place the other end in a container.
- Unscrew valve D (while pulling the lever) and then pump by repeatedly actuating the brake lever until oil starts flowing out continuously with no air bubbles. During this operation, it is important that the le- ver should not be released completely and that the brake pump reservoir should be continuously refilled to make up for the oil that is flowing out.
- Tighten the valve and extract the tube.
FORK OIL Right-hand rods The procedure for changing the oil in the forks is provided only for information. We recommend having the operation per- formed by a BETAMOTOR authorized workshop. Follow these steps to renew the oil:
1) Loosen rod clamping screw A.
2) Remove the lower plug (Allen screw
in the legging) and upper plug B.
3) Let all the oil drain from the rod.
4) Fit and tighten the legging lower plug.
5) Pour in fresh oil of the type shown in
the table on page 123.
6) Fit and tighten upper plug B.
7) Retighten rod clamping screw A.
Note: The oil change procedure applies to both the left and the right fork legs.
AIR FILTER Follow these steps to gain access to the air filter.
- Turn fastener D 90 degrees anti- clockwise and remove the saddle by pulling it towards the back of the vehicle.
- Remove side panel B after unscrewing the screws shown in the figure.
- Take off plastic cover A after unscrewing the 7 fixing screws, then follow these steps:
- Unscrew the filter cover fixing screw and remove filter C .
- Wash it with soap and water.
- Wet the filter with filter oil. Remove any excess lubricant to prevent it from dripping.
- If necessary, also clean the inside of the filter casing.
- Refit the parts, making sure of the seal of the rubber gasket. Note: If the filter is very dirty, first wash it with a special detergent and then with water and shampoo. If the filter is damaged, immediately re- place it.
After working on the filter, ensure that nothing is left inside the filter casing. Clean the filter every time the vehicle is used off road.
SPARK PLUG To avoid burns, put on pro- tective gloves before perfor- ming the operation. Keeping the spark plug in good condi- tion makes for reduced consumption and optimum engine performance. It is advisable to remove the spark plug when the engine is hot (and naturally off) because the carbon formation and the colour of the insulator provide important information on carburetion, lubrication, and the general condition of the engine. If the insulator appears white, the mixture is probably too lean; conversely, a green insulator denotes a rich mixture. The mixtu- re is correct when the insulator is tan co- loured. To carry out the check, simply remove the current cap and then unscrew the spark plug using the spanner provided. Carefully clean the electrodes using a wire brush. Blow the spark plug with com- pressed air to prevent any residues from getting into the engine. Measure the spark gap with a thickness gauge. The gap should be 0.6-0.7 mm. If the gap is not as specified, restore the proper gap by bending the earth elec- trode. Check that the insulator is not cracked and that the electrodes are not corroded, in which case the spark plug should be immediately replaced. Conduct the check by referring to the ta- ble on page 142. Lubricate the spark plug thread, and then (when the engine is cold) screw in the spark plug by hand to its abutting end. Finally tighten the spark plug with the spanner. Note
FRONT BRAKE Check To check the wear of the front brake, visu- ally inspect the brake pad ends by look- ing at the brake caliper from the front. The brake linings should be at least 2 mm thick. If the linings are thinner, replace the pads immediately. Note Carry out the check at the intervals shown in the table on page 142. REAR BRAKE Check To check the wear of the rear brake, visu- ally inspect the brake pad ends by look- ing at the brake caliper from above. The brake linings should be at least 2 mm thick. If the linings are thinner, replace the pads immediately. Note Carry out the check at the intervals shown in the table on page 142.3
BATTERY Check the charge of the battery by meas- uring the voltage with a voltmeter while the battery is at rest (engine off). The volt- age must not be less than 12.8 V. There is no need to check the level of the electrolyte or top up with water. Keep the battery terminals clean. If necessary, protect them with a thin film of acid-free grease.3
To facilitate checks and operations in cer- tain areas of the vehicle, it is essential to remove the bodywork sections as de- scribed below. Removing the saddle Remove the screw fixing the saddle to the mudguard and then remove the saddle by pushing it towards the rear of the vehicle so as to disengage it from the hook on the fuel tank. Removing the carrier Remove the three screws A fixing the car- rier to the mudguard and then remove the carrier. Removing the side panel After removing the air filter cover as de- scribed in the chapter “Air Filter”, unscrew the four fixing screws B. One of the screws is on the left side (under the filter box cover) whereas the rear screw is located under- neath the mudguard cover (not in view). Removing the front side panels Remove the six fixing screws C (three on each side), two of which located under the fuel tank, and then remove the front side panels. Removing the fuel tank Remove screw D fixing the fuel tank to the frame, detach the fuel cock line and then remove the tank by pulling it towards the rear of the vehicle. Removing the headlight Detach all the electrical connections and unscrew the three fixing screws E, one of which located under the headlight.3
If the vehicle is to be used over rough ground, the customer may want to remove the number-plate holder, the stand, the pas- senger’s footrests, replace the front sprocket supplied with the kit, and fit backward- shifted rider’s footrests. Replacing the rider’s standard footrests with backward-shifted footrests (trial)
- Remove the footrests from their supports after unscrewing the M8 bolts.
- Remove the footrest supports by unscrew- ing the Allen screws.
- Fit the trial footrest supports and then the footrests by following the reverse proce- dure to the removal. Removing the number-plate holder
- Remove screw A fixing the number-plate holder to the rear mudguard.
- Remove the three screws B fixing the number-plate holder to the frame from the lower part of the holder.
- Detach the rear light electrical connec- tion and remove the number-plate holder. Removing the stand
- Remove the stand switch by unscrewing the only fixing screw C.
- Loosen the two screws D fixing the stand support to the frame and then remove the stand. Removing the passenger’s footrests
- Loosen the two screws E shown in the figure and remove the passenger’s foot- rest complete with the frame fixing sup- port.3
Replacing the front sprocket A description of the procedure for repla- cing the front chain sprocket is provided for information purposes only. The opera- tion should always be performed by an authorized BETAMOTOR dealer.
- Loosen the rear wheel.
- Loosen the chain adjusters.
- Move the wheel forward to the end of its travel to allow the slackening of the chain.
- Remove the three chain guard fixing screws F (2 screws for ALP125 models).
- Remove the chain from the sprocket.
- Remove the rubber cap located on the driver’s r.h. footboard.
- Unscrew the nut below and pull out the pin on the other side.
The removal of the number-plate holder and the rear light is allowed only if the vehicle is to be used on privately owned ground or on tracks. Note: We recommend replacing the front sprocket along with the whole drive unit.
CLEANING AND CHECKING THE VEHICLE
Use a low-pressure water jet to soften the dirt and mud accumulated on the paintwork, then remove them with a soft bodywork sponge soaked in water and shampoo (2-4 percent shampoo in water). Rinse generously with water and wipe dry with chamois leather. For the outside of the engine use a brush soaked in petroleum and clean rags. Petroleum damages the paintwork. Always wash the vehicle before waxing it with silicon waxes. Detergents pollute the waters. Always wash the vehicle in areas equipped for the collection and purification of the washing liquids. Never wash the vehicle in the sun, particularly during the summer when the bodywork is hot. The shampoo would dry before being rinsed off and cause damage to the paintwork. Do not clean the plastic surfaces with cloths soaked in petrol or naphtha as they would lose their shine and mechanical properties.
CHECKS AFTER CLEANING
After cleaning the motorcycle, it is advisable to:
- Clean the air filter (refer to the procedure described on page 134).
SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE Note For any service requirements, please contact Betamotor’s Authorized Service Network. 4-Stroke Motorcycles Alp125/200end of running-in 1,000 km1st service 5,000 km2nd service 10,000 km3rd service 15,000 km4th service 20,000 km5th service 25,000 km6th service 30,000 km7th service 35,000 kmenginespark plug ch r ch r ch r chengine oil filter cl cl cl cl r cl r clclutch ch ch ch ch r chc
ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch* Tightening recommended after each off-road ride.
ch - check (clean, adjust, lubricate or
lace/renew as necessar
- Drain the carburettor float chamber by loosening screw A. The fuel drained from the chamber through a suitable pipe must be collected in a container and poured into the fuel tank. Do not dispose of the fuel in the environment.
- Retighten the screw.
AFTER PROLONGED INACTIVITY
- Reinstall the battery.
- Restore the tyre inflating pressures.
- Check the tightening of all the screws having an important mechanical function. Note Periodically check the tightening of the screws.
- Start the vehicle for the first time by means of the kick-start (where available). PROLONGED INACTIVITY A few simple operations should be performed to keep the vehicle in good condition whenever it is to remain inactive for a long period (e.g. during the winter):
- Thoroughly clean the vehicle.
- Reduce the tyre pressures by approximately 30 percent, and if possible raise the tyres off the ground.
- Remove the spark plug and pour a few drops of engine oil into the spark plug hole. Make the engine turn a few times by operating the kick-start (where available) and then replace the spark plug.
- Cover the unpainted parts, excepting the brakes and the rubber parts, with a film of oil or spray silicone.
- Remove the battery and keep it in a dry place. Recharge the battery once a month.
- Protect the vehicle with a dust cover.
Adjusting the brakes Adjusting the clutch Adjusting the slow running Adjusting the throttle play Checking and adjusting the steering play Tensioning the chain Adjusting the headlight4 ADJUSTMENTS
Front brake The front brake is a hydraulically operated disc brake, and therefore requires no adjustment. Rear brake The rear brake is a hydraulically operated disc brake. The brake pedal can be adjusted for height by means of adjusters B and C. The brake lever play should never be less than 5 mm.
ADJUSTING THE CLUTCH
The only operation that may be required is the adjustment of the position of clutch le- ver E. The adjustment is obtained by means of adjuster D. After adjusting the lever with the adjusting screw, be sure to tighten stop F so as to lock the screw in the desired position. Note The play of the clutch should range from
The slow running should be adjusted when the engine is hot. Connect an elec- tronic revolution counter to the spark plug cable. Tune up using adjusting screw A (idle speed = 1,400 ± 100 rpm).
ADJUSTING THE THROTTLE PLAY ALP200
If the throttle control idle travel exceeds 3 mm as measured on the rim of the twist grip, adjust the play by acting on adjuster B.
ADJUSTING THE SLOW RUNNING ALP125
The slow running should be adjusted when the engine is hot. Connect an elec- tronic revolution counter to the spark plug cable. Then turn adjusting screw C with a screwdriver until the engine idles at 1900 rpm.
FUEL FLOW ADJUSMENT ALP125
To adjust the fuel flow, loosen screw D by one and a half turns from the fully closed position.
ADJUSTING THE THROTTLE PLAY ALP125
If the throttle control idle travel exceeds 3 mm as measured on the rim of the twist grip, Perform the adjustment by lifting dust cap F and then turning throttle control ring E as shown in the figure. ALP125 ALP125
CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE
STEERING PLAY Periodically check the play of the steering head tube by moving the forks backwards and forwards as shown in the figure. If any play is felt, carry out the adjustment by following these steps:
- Unscrew the four screws
- Pull out handlebar D, paying special attention to clevises E.
- Reduce the play by turning ring G. To refit the parts, follow the reverse pro- cedure. Note Proper adjustment must leave no play and cause no stiffness, and allow the steering to rotate smoothly. Check the fitting direction of the clevises as it can alter the geometry of the handlebar.4 ADJUSTMENTS
TENSIONING THE CHAIN
To ensure the drive chain a longer life, it is advisable to periodically check its tension. Always maintain the chain clean and lu- bricated. If the chain play exceeds 20 mm, tension the chain by following these steps:
- Loosen the nuts on both sides of the swing arm.
- Turn nut B until the desired chain tension is obtained.
- Perform the same operation on nut B on the other side of the swing arm until the wheel is perfectly aligned.
- Tighten nut A on either side of the swing arm.4 ADJUSTMENTS
- The headlight beam is adjusted manually after loosening the screws on either side of the headlight with an Allen key.
- Periodically check the direction of the beam. The beam can only be adjusted vertically.
- Place the vehicle on level ground (but not on the stand) 10 metres from a vertical wall.
- Measure the height of the headlight centre above the ground and then draw a cross on the wall at 9/10 of the height of the headlight centre.
- Turn on the low beam, get on the motorbike and check that the headlight beam on the wall is slightly lower than the cross drawn previously.5 REPLACEMENTS
Replacing the brake pads Replacing the headlight bulb Replacing the rear light bulb Replacing the turn indicator bulbs5 REPLACEMENTS
FRONT BRAKE The procedure for replacing the brake pads is provided only for information. We recommend having the operation per- formed by a BETAMOTOR authorized workshop. Follow these steps to replace the pads:
- Loosen the two screws A and remove the brake caliper.
- Unscrew the two screws B. Note: Screws B are secured very tightly and should be loosened before removing the caliper from the fork.
- Extract the brake pads.
- To refit the parts, follow the reverse pro- cedure. Ensure that the spring D shown in the figu- re is properly seated by checking that it offers some resistance to the insertion of the brake pads. To avoid braking problems, take special care in ensuring that the screws are refitted properly. Whenever the brake disc is removed, ap- ply Loctite to the screws when refitting NOTE: When removing the brake caliper, take care not to damage reed C, as it is extremely fragile.
REAR BRAKE NOTE: Brake pads should always be replaced by an authorized BETAMOTOR dealer. 2 mm CHECKING FRETTING To check the wear of the rear brake, visu- ally inspect the brake caliper from the back. The lining on the visible ends of the two brake pads should be at least 2 mm thick. Should the lining be thinner, immediately replace the brake pads.5 REPLACEMENTS
REPLACING THE HEADLIGHT BULB
Remove the headlight rim after unscrew- ing the three fixing screws. Remove the three reflector fixing screws and pull out the reflector. Detach the bulb connector. Rotate the bulb holder anticlockwise and extract the burnt-out bulb. Fit a new bulb taking care not to touch the bulb to avoid impairing its function. Rotate the bulb holder clockwise to the stop. Refit the connector, the reflector, and the headlight rim by following the reverse pro- cedure to the removal.
REPLACING THE REAR LIGHT BULB
Remove the lens after unscrewing the two fixing screws. Replace the defective bulb. The bulbs have bayonet bases. To remove them, press them lightly, rotate them 30° anticlockwise and then extract them.5 REPLACEMENTS
REPLACING THE TURN INDICATOR
BULBS Loosen screw A and remove the lens.
PROBLEM CAUSE Engine does not start REMEDY -Fuel system clogged (fuel lines, fuel tank, fuel cock). -Air filter dirty. -No current supplied to spark plug. -Engine flooded. Clean the system. Proceed as described on page 134. Clean or replace the spark plug. If the problem persists, contact a BETAMOTOR dealer. Open the throttle wide and try starting the engine for a few moments. If this does not solve the problem, remove the spark plug and dry it. Engine misfires - Spark gap wrongly adjusted. - Spark plug dirty. - Spark advance excessive. - Carbon formation in cylinder or on spark plug. Restore the spark gap. Clean or replace the spark plug. Engine knocks Check the ignition timing. Contact a BETAMOTOR dealer. Engine overheats and loses power - Silencer partly clogged. - Exhaust port clogged. - Ignition delayed. Contact a BETAMOTOR dealer. Contact a BETAMOTOR dealer. Check the timing. Front braking poor - Brake pads worn. - Air or humidity in the hydraulic circuit. - Brake pads worn. - Air or humidity in the hydraulic circuit. Follow the procedure described on page 136. Follow the procedure described on page 131. Follow the procedure described on page 136. Follow the procedure described on page 131. Rear braking poor6 TROUBLESHOOTING
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