452 - Multimeter RaySafe - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL 452 RaySafe

Typical energy response ................................................................ SOFTWARE LICENSES ................................................................ WARRANTY ................................................................................. SERVICE AND SUPPORT CONTACTS ......................................... Users Manual (EN)4 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) ABOUT RAYSAFE 452 The RaySafe 452 is a hand-held device designed for monitoring and measuring radiation levels indoors and temporarily outdoors, in nuclear, industrial and medical applications. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue number Serial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING The RaySafe 452 does not replace any radiation protection equipment. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue number Serial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING The RaySafe 452 is not a replacement for personal or legal dosimeters. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue number Serial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING The RaySafe 452 is not approved for use in environments with explosive atmosphere. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue number Serial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING Use RaySafe 452 only as specified or the protection provided in the design may be compromised. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue number Serial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING Take special care when measuring on intermittent radiation sources, such as pulsed X-rays or linear particle accelerators (linacs). See "Intermittent radiation sources" on page 10. The RaySafe 452 (the instrument) is used with dierent lids, or without lid, to quantify dose, dose rate, mean photon energy, counts and count rate. The instrument consists of two automatically handled sensor systems:

1. A Geiger-Müller pancake, used at low dose rates and, without lid,

as an α / β / γ (alpha, beta, gamma) counter.

2. A cluster of solid-state sensors, used at medium to high dose

USB connector for charger and computer.

Buttons (center, left, right, up, down).

Solid-state sensors behind carbon fiber cover.

Geiger-Müller pancake behind steel grid. NOTE The entrance window of the Geiger-Müller pancake (

Figure 1 on page 4), is very fragile and should never be touched. The Geiger-Müller pancake is also sensitive to mechanical shock.5 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) GETTING STARTED Power on the instrument with a long press (approximately 3 seconds) on the center button (⏻). 3 s Figure 2. Power on. The instrument starts to measure after about 5 seconds. Position the instrument with the sensors towards the radiation source. The instrument will switch between its dierent sensor systems and adapt its averaging times automatically. Measurement quantities change with the lid. See "Lids and quantities" on page 7. Figure 3. Position with the sensor area facing the radiation source. Power o with a long press on the center button. The instrument automatically stores a log of rate values with 1 second resolution.6 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN)

ACTIONS AND SETTINGS

Figure 4. Screen overview. A. Status symbols: measurement sound, battery and display backlight. B. Current dose rate or count rate. The displayed quantity and unit change with lid and settings. See Table 1 on page 7 for more information. C. Rate bar. The rate bar shows the current rate, without averaging, updated 4 times per second. The scale is logarithmic and covers the specified rate range. D. Varying content: current measurement parameters, settings, stored measurement, error screen or confirmation screen, depending on user interaction and environmental conditions. Store measurements Manually store a measurement with a short press on the center button. Storing a measurement saves and resets all displayed readings. A measurement will also be stored automatically:

• When mounting or unmounting a lid.

• When the instrument powers o.

• When an error state interrupts the ongoing measurement.

• After 24 hours of continuous measurement. Access stored measurements All stored measurements can be accessed using a computer running RaySafe View. See "RaySafe View" on page 12. Recent measurements have a rate log with 1 second resolution, displayed in RaySafe View as a waveform. Measurements stored since last power-on can be accessed in the instrument display. Press the down arrow to view the stored measurements. See Figure 5 on page 6. Step between measurements using the left and right arrow buttons. 2/3 µSv/h

µSv/h120 Figure 5. Access stored measurements. After 10 days of logging, or 4000 stored measurements, the oldest entries will be cyclically overwritten.7 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) Lids and quantities Depending on model, the instrument is equipped with dierent sets of lids with dierent filter compositions. The lids have bayonet mounts. Align the line on the lid with the line on the instrument, bring together and turn to fasten the lid. Figure 6. Mount a lid.

Absorbed dose to air, D air rad Exposure, X R Without lid Counts (α, β, γ) cps, cpm Table 1. Lids and measured quantities. Change the measurement unit in the settings menu. See "Buttons and menus" on page 7. The instrument is calibrated with its associated lid(s), and shall only be used with the lid(s) provided with the instrument. Calibration date and serial number are printed on the lid label. NOTE Before exposing the instrument to water or dust, make sure that the rubber sealing is intact and clean, that the lid is properly mounted, and that nothing is connected to the USB connector. Buttons and menus Figure 7. Center button. A long press on the center button powers on or o the instrument. When the instrument shows the measurement screen, a short press on the center button stores a measurement. At all other screens, a short press on the center button returns the measurement screen. Figure 8. Arrow buttons. The measurement screen is the default screen after power on. Press up from the measurement screen to access settings. Press left or right as indicated on the screen to step between selectable settings. The setting is changed immediately. Press the center button to return to the measurement screen. Press down from the measurement screen to access stored measurements. The stored measurements are sorted in chronological order, from right to left.8 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) There are two shortcuts:

• A long press on the left arrow button toggles the measurement sound (on/o).

• A long press on the right arrow button toggles the display backlight (on/o). Menu structure About Information screen with firmware version (FW), serial number (S/N), checksum for adjustment data (CRC), and adjustment date (Adj.). Alarm level Select a rate alarm level: O, Test, or a level from a selection spread over the range of the current rate quantity. Unit Change measurement unit. Dependent on lid status. See "Lids and quantities" on page 7. Measurement sound Turn on or o the measurement sound. Each pop sound corresponds to a discharge of the Geiger- Müller pancake, to a maximum frequency of 500 pops per second. Backlight Turn on or o the display backlight. Measurement screen Current measurement parameters, default screen after power on. Stored measurements Access measurements stored since the instrument was last powered on. See "Access stored measurements" on page 6.9 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN)

2. Position the instrument with the sensors (the flat area of the lid)

facing the radiation source. The instrument handles its two sensor systems seamlessly, for both continuous sources of radiation, and for intermittent sources. See "Intermittent radiation sources" on page 10. The instrument has no zero adjust functionality, and measurements include background radiation. Measurement parameters Dose and dose rate Dose is all dose accumulated during the current measurement. Dose rate uses an algorithm that detects radiation changes with a response time of a few seconds or less, but may in some cases need more time to stabilize, according to Table 2 on page 9. DOSE RATE (µGy/h, µSv/h) DOSE RATE (mrad/h, mR/h, mrem/h)

STABILITY ≤ . ≤ . s. . s . s . s s s s≥ ≥ s Table 2. Dose rate stabilization times. NOTE Dose rate readings may need additional time to stabilize on a lower value after high radiation levels, due to afterglow of scintillators in the solid-state sensors. NOTE The instrument is not sensitive to neutrons. This has been tested using thermal neutrons from a moderated

Am-Be source. The response was found to be less than 5 % of the neutron ambient dose equivalent. Peak dose rate Peak dose rate is the highest displayed dose rate reading since last reset. See definition of dose rate. NOTE The instrument detects muons, created when interstellar high energy particles from the Milky Way crashes into the Earth’s atmosphere. The muons interact with the solid-state sensors (when measuring with lid) and create short (1–2 s) dose rate pulses of approximately 100 times background. At sea level,10 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) the instrument typically detects a few muons per day, but at higher altitudes, for example when travelling by air, the number increases to hundreds per day. Mean photon energy Mean photon energy uses a moving average of up to 10 seconds. The averaging time is shortened whenever a change in dose rate is detected. Intermittent radiation sources Dose is accurate for short pulse lengths due to the fast dead time corrections and sensor algorithms. See Figure 9 on page 10. Pulse length (ms) Pulse repetition frequency (Hz)

Figure 9. Performance on intermittent radiation, for temperatures up to30°C (86°F). Green area: Response within ±20 % of the response at continuous radiation. Dose rate is averaged over 1 second or longer, and updated once per second. Therefore, the instrument needs a radiation pulse of at least 2 seconds to reliably measure the rate of the pulse. It is possible to manually calculate the rate of a shorter pulse using the measured dose and a known pulse length. When measuring on continuously repeating pulses, for example from pulsed fluoroscopy or linacs, the instrument measures average dose rate. If the duty cycle is known, it can be used as a correction for calculating the radiation rate in the pulses. NOTE At temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) the instrument’s ability to handle radiation from intermittent sources gradually declines with increasing temperature.

When measuring without lid, for example on a potentially contaminated surface:

1. Unmount the lid. When measuring without lid, the active sensor is

the Geiger-Müller pancake, G in Figure 1 on page 4.

2. Turn on the measurement sound.

Tip: Long press on the left arrow button toggles the measurement sound on or o.

3. Hold the instrument close to, but not in contact with, the surface.

4. Scan the surface slowly, approximately 1cm/s (½ inch per

second).11 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) The instrument counts discharge avalanches in the Geiger-Müller pancake, caused by alpha, beta and gamma radiation. After each discharge, the pancake takes some tens of microseconds to recharge, called the dead time. The instrument corrects for the eect of this dead time each millisecond, automatically. The instrument has no zero adjust functionality, and measurements include background radiation. Measurement parameters Counts Counts is the sum of all discharge events during the current measurement, corrected for dead time every millisecond. Count rate Count rate uses an algorithm that detects changes in radiation with a response time of a few seconds or less, but may in some cases need more time to stabilize. See Table 3 on page 11. Count rate is averaged over 1 second or longer, and updated once per second, why the instrument needs a stable radiation level for at least 2 seconds to reliably measure the rate. RATE (cps) RATE (cpm)

k s k s k s ≥ ≥ k s Table 3. Count rate stabilization times. Peak count rate Peak count rate is the highest displayed count rate since last reset. See definition of count rate.12 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) Activity calculation The approximate activity of detected nuclides can be calculated from count rate, see Table 4 on page 12. For non-listed nuclides, interpolate using the decay type and particle energy. RADIONUCLIDE DECAY

Am α (.) Table 4. Conversion factors from count rate to activity. Table 4 on page 12 is based on measurements made with 3 mm distance between the instrument housing (without lid) and an Al plate with a thin layer of radionuclide (wide area class 2 source according to ISO 8769:2010). Under other measurement conditions, for example dierent physical properties of the sample, such as thickness, size and purity, these conversion factors may underestimate the activity. Example: The instrument reads 20 cps (1200 cpm) above background at a short distance from an Americium-241 containing particle. The activity of the particle is at least 20 cps × 8 Bq/cps = 160 Bq (1200 cpm × 8 dpm/cpm = 9600 dpm). RAYSAFE VIEW µGy/hnGykeVµGy/h^1185058.358.3 Figure 10. Connect instrument to RaySafe View. Use the USB cable provided with the instrument to connect to a computer running RaySafe View. RaySafe View includes:

• Real-time display of readings.

• Remote control of the instrument (change settings, store measurements).

• Import of measurements stored in the instrument.

• Data analysis of rate log in waveform.

• Possibility to save measurements on the computer.

• Data export to Microsoft Excel and to csv files. Download RaySafe View from www.flukebiomedical.com.13 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) MAINTENANCE Charge the battery Figure 11. Connect the USB charger. To charge the battery, connect the instrument's USB connector to an indoor wall socket with the supplied charger. You can also charge with a USB power bank, or by connecting to a USB port on a computer, but charging is faster with the supplied charger (approximately 3 hours from empty to full battery). NOTE If using the instrument while the battery symbol is red, the instrument may automatically power o at any time. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING Make sure that the USB connector on the instrument is clean and dry before connecting a cable. Cleaning Clean the instrument with lid mounted using a damp cloth and mild detergent. The instrument is not water resistant with the lid o. If the instrument is contaminated with the lid o, gently wipe the contaminated area with a cloth and make sure that the instrument and lid are dry before mounting the lid. Storage Store the instrument powered o and with a lid mounted. Service Contact the manufacturer for service. See "Service and support contacts" on page 21. NOTE RaySafe 452 has no user serviceable parts.

Instrument errors Self tests are performed at startup, and continuously during operation. µSv/h

: Measurement screen.14 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) If an error occurs, the measurement screen is blocked by an error symbol on red background (1 in Figure 12 on page 13), and the instrument emits a beep every fifteenth second. While the screen is red, the instrument does not measure. If the error ends, the instrument automatically starts a new measurement while the error symbol remains on black background (2 in Figure 12 on page 13). Press the center button to confirm the symbol and to view the ongoing measurement (3 in Figure 12 on page 13). ERROR

Instrument error (#, #, #, #, #, #) Restart the instrument. If the error remains, contact support. See "Service and support contacts" on page . Dose rate too high The dose rate is outside the specification. Increase the distance to the radiation source to lower the rate. Instrument too cold Let the instrument warm up to above −°C (− °F). Instrument too warm Let the instrument cool down to below °C ( °F). Correct type of lid not detected Mount a lid supplied with the instrument and/or make sure that the lid is properly mounted. Some instrument models require a lid to operate. Other display symbols

New measurement started After hours of continuous measurement, the instrument automatically stores a measurement and starts a new measurement. Confirm this with a press on the center button to return to the measurement screen. Corrupt measurement This stored measurement is corrupt, and can not be displayed. Symbols on labels SYMBOL MEANING Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch Manufacturer Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch Article number Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch Serial number Conforms to European Union directives. This product complies with the WEEE Directive marking requirements. The axed label indicates that you must not discard this electrical/ electronic product in domestic household waste. Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as category “Monitoring and Control Instrumentation” product. Do not dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste. Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue number Serial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch WARNING – RISK OF DANGER. Consult user documentation. Conforms to relevant Australian Safety and EMC standards.15 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) SYMBOL MEANING

Conforms to the Appliance Eciency Regulation (California Code of Regulations, Title , Sections through ), for small battery charging systems.MET Laboratories, Inc. Certification covers UL -/CSA C. No. --. MET Laboratories, Inc. has not evaluated this device for reliability or ecacy of its intended functions.None of the China RoHS restricted substances are present above permitted levels. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS General Safety standard Complies with IEC -:, pollution degree Radiation meter standard Complies with IEC -:, except EMC which complies with IEC -:, and except alarm sound levelDimensions x x mm (. x . x . inches)Weight . kg (. pounds)Display x pixel color LCD, sunlight readable, backlitRate alarm dB(A) at cm ( inches)Operating temperature − – + °C (− – + °F)Storage temperature − – + °C (− – + °F)Battery charging temperature + – + °C (+ – + °F)Atmospheric pressure – kPa, altitude up to m ( ft)IP code IP (dust proof and water resistant) according to IEC :–, with lid mounted, seals intact and nothing connected to USB connectorHumidity, without lid < % relative humidity, non-condensingBattery life Up to hBattery Built-in rechargeable lithium-ion, mAhConnector USB micro ( V DC, . A), for communication and chargingMounting Standard ¼” tripod thread on handleData storage stored measurements and days of dose rate log with s resolutionSoftware RaySafe View (for remote control, analysis and data export) Radiology Ambient dose equivalent, H*(10) Range µSv/h – Sv/h ( µrem/h – rem/h)Rate resolution . µSv/h ( µrem/h) or digitsDose resolution . nSv (. µrem) or digitsEnergy range keV – MeVEnergy response > µSv/h ( mrem/h) and T < °C ( °F)± %, keV – MeV± %, < keV or > MeVotherwise ± %, keV – MeV− % – + %, < keV or >MeVMinimum X-ray pulse length ms at T < °C (°F)Minimum linac frequency Hz at T < °C (°F)Rate response time ~ s to detect a step from . to µSv/h ( to µrem/h)IEC - energy range keV – MeV, angle of incidence ±°IEC - dose rate range µSv/h – Sv/h ( µrem/h – rem/h), non-linearity < ± %IEC - dose range µSv – Sv ( µrem – . krem), coecient of variation < %Units Sv rem ( rem = / Sv)16 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) Air kerma, K air Range µGy/h – Gy/h ( µR/h – R/h) Rate resolution . µGy/h ( µR/h) or digits Dose resolution . nGy, (. µR) or digits Energy range keV – MeV Energy response

ms at T < °C ( °F) Minimum linac frequency

, behind % open steel grid Range cps – kcps ( cpm – . Mcpm) Rate resolution . cps ( cpm) or digits Counter resolution count or digits Dead time correction Automatic, linearity within − % – + % Typical background at .µSv/h . cps (cpm) Typical gamma sensitivity,

Cs cps / µGy/h ( cpm / mR/h) Rate response time ~ s to detect a step from to cps ( to cpm) Units cps cpm ( cpm = / cps) π emission sensitivity

1. The instrument uses a Geiger-Müller pancake at low rates and a cluster of solid-state sensors at higher rates.

The rate where the solid-state sensors are fully engaged gradually increase with temperature, for temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F).

2. Limit where the response is within ±20 % of the response at continuous radiation. Above 30 °C (86 °F) the

instrument’s ability to handle low linac pulse rates and short X-ray pulses gradually declines with increasing temperature.

3. Refers to the microwave pulse repetition frequency of typical medical linear accelerators. Each pulse has a

typical duration of a few µs.

4. Ranges where the instrument fulfills IEC 60846-1:2009.

5. Above 30 °C (86 °F) the minimum dose rate gradually increases with increasing temperature.

6. Measured at 3 mm distance between instrument housing (without lid) and wide area class 2 sources according

to ISO 8769:2010.17 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) Sensor position Figure 13. Sensor reference direction, reference plane and reference point.18 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) Angular response – H*(10)

Geiger-Müller pancake (< 6 µSv/h (0.7 mrem/h))19 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) Angular response – K air

Linac, Nuclear powerIndustrial X-rayDiagnostic X-rayMammography

Linac, Nuclear power Industrial X-ray Diagnostic X-ray Mammography Solid-state sensors ( > 20 µGy/h (2.3 mR/h) , T < 30 °C (< 86 °F)) Geiger-Müller pancake ( < 6 µGy/h (0.7 mR/h) )21 RaySafe 452 – Users Manual (EN) SOFTWARE LICENSES FreeRTOS license, see the RaySafe 452 product page on www.flukebiomedical.com. WARRANTY Fluke Biomedical warrants this instrument against defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of original purchase OR two years if at the end of your first year you send the instrument to a Fluke Biomedical or RaySafe service center for calibration. You will be charged our customary fee for such calibration. During the warranty period, we will repair or at our option replace, at no charge, a product that proves to be defective, provided you return the product, shipping prepaid, to Fluke Biomedical. This warranty covers the original purchaser only and is not transferable. The warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse or has been serviced or modified by anyone other than an authorized Fluke Biomedical service facility. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY. This warranty covers only serialized products and their accessory items that bear a distinct serial number tag. Recalibration of instruments is not covered under the warranty. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights that vary in dierent jurisdictions. Since some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of an implied warranty or of incidental or consequential damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any provision of this warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not aect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

160 Bq (1200 cps x8 dm/cps

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch

Manufacturer Date of manufacture Catalogue numberSerial number Consult the instructions for Caution CCC Mark LOT Mark / Batch