Charge Manager 420 - Battery charger VOLTCRAFT - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL Charge Manager 420 VOLTCRAFT

Dear Customer, Thank you for making the excellent decision of purchasing this Voltcraft® product. Voltcraft® - This name stands for above-average quality products in the areas of measuring, charging and grid technology, characterised by technical competence, extraordinary performance and permanent innovation. Whether you are an ambitious hobby electronics technician or a professional user - a product of the Voltcraft® brand family will provide you with the best solution for even the most sophisticated of tasks. Special features: We offer the sophisticated technology and reliable quality of our Voltcraft® products at a near-unbeatable price/performance ratio. We lay the groundwork for long, good and successful cooperation. Enjoy your new Voltcraft® product! All company names and product names are trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved.

This charger must only be used for simultaneous charging of up to four rechargeable NiCd or NiMH round cell batteries, types AA/mignon and AAA/micro. The USB output (output 5 V/DC, max. 500 mA) serves power supply/charging of USB devices (charging slots and USB connection cannot be used at the same time!). A matching mains adapter is included in the delivery to supply the charger. Alternatively, the charger may also be operated via a suitable car adapter (not included in the delivery, can be ordered separately). Any other use than the one described above will damage the product and cause danger, such as short-circuits, fire, electric shock, etc. No part of the product may be modified or converted and the casing must not be opened! The safety notes and all other information in these operating instructions always have to be observed! This product complies with the statutory national and European requirements. All company names and product names are trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved.

4. EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

This symbol is used when your health is at risk, e.g. through an electric shock. An exclamation mark in a triangle indicates important notes in these operating instructions that must be strictly observed.

The “arrow” symbol can be found when there is special advice and notes regarding the operation.31

5. SAFETY INFORMATION

In case of damage caused by non-compliance with these operating instructions, the warranty/guarantee will expire. We do not assume any liability for consequential damage! We do not assume any liability for damage to property or personal injury caused by improper use or the failure to observe the safety instructions! In such cases the warranty/guarantee will expire. Dear Customer, the following safety instructions are intended not only for the protection of your health but also for the protection of the product. Please read through the following attentively: General Information

• The unauthorized conversion and/or modification of the product is prohibited for safety and approval reasons (CE). Never dismantle the product.

• The product is not a toy and must be kept out of the reach of children! The product must only be set up, used or stored in places that are not accessible to children. The same applies for rechargeable batteries. Pay particular attention when children are present! Children may change the settings or short-circuit the battery/batteries, which may lead to fire or explosion. Danger to life!

• Maintenance, adjustments and repair work may only be carried out by a specialist/specialised workshop. The device contains no parts that require servicing or adjusting by you.

• In schools, training centres, hobby and self-help workshops, the use of the product must be supervised by responsible trained personnel.

• In commercial institutions, the accident prevention regulations of the Employer’s Liability Insurance Association for Electrical Systems and Operating Materials are to be observed.

• Do not leave packaging material lying around carelessly. It might become a dangerous toy for children!

• Handle the product with care; impacts, shock or fall even from low heights will damage it.32 Location for Installation

• The product is intended for dry indoor use only. The product may not become damp or wet. There is danger of a fatal electric shock!

• Choose a solid, flat, clean and sufficiently large surface for the charger. Never place the charger on a flammable surface (e.g. carpet, tablecloth). Always use a suitable, non-flammable, heatproof surface. Keep the charger away from flammable or easily inflammable materials (e.g. curtains).

• Ensure that the cables are not crushed or damaged by sharp edges. Install the connection cable between the mains adapter and the charger so that no one can trip over it.

• Do not place any containers filled with liquid, e.g. vases or plants, on or next to the product. When these liquids get into the charger, the charger will be destroyed and there is great danger of fire or explosion. In this case, immediately disconnect the product from the power supply, then remove any inserted batteries. Do not use the charger again - bring it to a specialist workshop. If any liquids get into the mains adapter, power down the mains socket to which the mains adapter is connected. For this, turn off the corresponding circuit breaker or unscrew the fuse. Then unplug the mains adapter from the mains socket. Do not use the mains adapter any more and take it to a specialized workshop or dispose of it according to the legal provisions.

• Do not place the charger on any valuable furniture surfaces without using a suitable protection.33 Operation

• This charger may be used to charge up to four rechargeable NiCd or NiMH round cell batteries of the sizes AA/mignon and AAA/micro simultaneously. Never insert any other rechargeable batteries (e.g. lithium or nickel-zinc batteries, etc.) or even non-rechargeable batteries into the charger. There is great danger of fire or explosion!

• Ensure that there is sufficient ventilation during operation. Never cover up the charger or the mains adapter. Leave enough distance (at least 20 cm) between the charger and other objects. Overheating causes a danger of fire!

• The charger may only be connected to a stabilised direct current voltage of 12 V/DC as voltage/current supply (e.g. via the included mains adapter).

• Do not operate the product unattended. Despite a considerable number of protective circuits, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of malfunctions or problems during the charging process.

• Do not wear any metal or conductive materials, such as jewellery (necklaces, bracelets, rings, etc.) while you are working with the charger or batteries.

• Never place metal lines and contacts between the rechargeable battery and the charging slot!

• Only operate the product in moderate climate, never in tropical climate. For more information on acceptable environmental conditions, see the chapter “Technical Data”.

• Never operate the device immediately after it was taken from a cold room to a warm room. The resulting condensation may lead to malfunctions or damage! The mains adapter poses a danger of potentially fatal electric shock! Let the product reach room temperature before taking it into operation again. This may take several hours!

• Avoid operation in direct proximity of strong magnetic or electromagnetic fields, transmitter aerials or HF generators. This can affect the control electronics.34

• If you have reason to believe that the device can no longer be operated safely, disconnect it immediately and make sure it is not unintentionally operated. Then disconnect the charger from the voltage supply and unplug the mains adapter from the mains outlet. Do not use the product anymore after this, but take it to a specialized workshop or dispose of it in an environmentally compatible manner. It can be assumed that operation without danger is no longer possible if the device has any visible damage, the device no longer works, after extended storage under unsuitable conditions or after difficult transport conditions.

• If the product is not to be used for an extended period of time (e.g. storage), remove any battery inserted in the charger, disconnect the charger from the operating voltage, pull the mains adapter from the mains socket. Handling rechargeable batteries

• Rechargeable batteries are no toys. Always keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• Do not leave rechargeable batteries lying around openly. Children or pets may swallow them. If swallowed, consult a doctor immediately!

• Rechargeable batteries must not be short-circuited, taken apart or thrown into fire. There is a risk of fire and explosion!

• Leaking or damaged rechargeable batteries may cause caustic burns if they come into contact with skin. Therefore you should use suitable protective gloves for this.

• Do not recharge normal, non-rechargeable batteries. There is a risk of fire and explosion! Non-rechargeable batteries are meant to be used once only and must be disposed of properly when empty.

• Batteries must not get damp or wet.

• Never leave the charging/discharging batteries unattended.

• Please observe the correct polarity (plus/+ and minus/-) when inserting batteries into the charger.

• Do not charge/discharge any battery that is still hot (e.g. caused by high charge/discharge currents). Allow the battery to cool down to room temperature before attempting to charge or discharge it.35

• Never charge/discharge damaged, leaking or deformed batteries. This can result in a fire or explosion! Dispose of any unusable rechargeable batteries in an environmentally compatible fashion. Do not continue to use them.

• Recharge the rechargeable batteries about every 3 months. Otherwise, so- called deep discharge may result, rendering the rechargeable batteries useless.

• Never damage the exterior cover of a battery. There is a risk of fire and explosion! If you are not sure about the correct operation or if questions arise which are not covered by the operating instructions, please do not hesitate to contact us or another specialist. Voltcraft®, Lindenweg 15, D-92242 Hirschau, Phone [phone]

The “Charge manager 420” is a quick-charger for rechargeable NiCd and NiMH batteries type AA/Mignon and AAA/Micro. Furthermore, a standardised USB output is present to charge mobile phones, PDAs, MP3- players, portable gaming consoles, navigation devices, etc. (the “Charge Manager 420” only provides the output voltage and current, while the charging electronics are integrated in the respective device attached). The microcomputer-controlled quick-charging process charges NiCd-/NiMH batteries to 100%. 100% means up to 115% of the capacity indicated for new rechargeable batteries and less than 100% of the capacity indicated for older ones. For batteries with a capacity of less than 1000 mAh, the discharge capacity (D) may not reach 100%; this discharge value, however, must be greater than 80%. Otherwise the battery is defective (preferably test with the “ALV” (“ALIVE”) programme). This charging set does not require a discharge before starting the recharge process. Based on its current charge status the accumulator is recharged to its currently possible 100%. The recharging and discharging cycle is microcomputer-controlled independently of the charge status of the battery. The available charge and discharge currents are selected according to practical considerations. The charger has an automatic maintenance charge and energy saving mode. The charger has an automatic battery monitoring system (charge current and charge amount). The automatic battery detection registers if a battery is inserted or removed. No memory effect occurs when charging (charge and discharge current are clocked). This reduces a high internal resistance of the battery and increases its current carrying capacity. The efficiency of the batteries is improved (ratio of the required charge quantity to the capacity that can be delivered).37

7. GENERAL INFORMATION

Rechargeable batteries consist of two electrodes put into an electrolyte; thus, a rechargeable battery is a chemical element. Chemical processes are running inside this element. Since these processes are reversible it is possible to recharge batteries. To charge a rechargeable battery, a so-called charge voltage is required. It must exceed the cell voltage. Moreover, the energy (mAh) supplied for charging must be higher than the one that can be delivered afterwards. This ratio of the energy supplied to the energy drawn is called efficiency. The capacity that can be delivered mainly depends on the discharge current; it is decisive for the condition of the battery. The supplied charge cannot be used as a measure, because a proportion of it will be lost (for example converted into heat). The capacity data given by the manufacturer is the maximum theoretical quantity of current which can be delivered by the battery. That means that for example a battery of 2000 mAh can theoretically deliver a current of 1000mA (= 1 A) for two hours. This value considerably depends on many factors (condition of the battery, discharge current, temperature, etc.). a) Definition of “C-Rate” This is a factor (multiplier) delivering the value of the permissible charge or discharge current independently of the battery capacity. The multiplier is the battery capacity. The following applies: Battery capacity (in mAh) x C-Rate = Value (charge/discharge current in mA) Examples with rechargeable batteries at 1000 mAh and 2700 mAh: C-Rate = 1C C-Rate = 2C 1000 mAh x 1 = 1000 mA 1000 mAh x 2 = 2,000 mA 2700 mAh x 1 = 2,700 mA 2700 mAh x 2 = 5,400 mA b) Selection of the Suitable Charge and Discharge Current The “Charge Manager 420” offers four practically selected charge and two discharge currents. Charge currents: 500 mA, 1000 mA, 1500 mA, 2000 mA Discharge current: 250 mA, 500 mA38 c) Charge Current The charge current must be selected according to the information on the rechargeable battery. Charge current 500 mA - rechargeable batteries without information on the charge type - rechargeable batteries with the print “Standard charge: 12 - 15 hours at xxx mA” Charge current 0.5 C - Rechargeable batteries with the print “Fast charge: 4 - 5 hours at xxx mA” - Rechargeable batteries with the print “Fast rechargeable” or “Quick charging possible” The example batteries would result in the following charge currents: 1000 mAh x 0.5 = 500 mA 2700 mAh x 0.5 = 1,350 mA

The “Charge Manager 420” does not always offer the precisely fitting charge current. In such cases, the next lower current range is the correct choice. For the 2700 mAh rechargeable battery, this means a charge current of 1000 mA. Charge current 1 C - Rechargeable batteries with the print “Rapid charge” or “Rapid charging possible”

60 - 70 minutes at xxx mA”

The 2700 mAh rechargeable battery is charged at 2000 mA here.

When charging a battery with a charge rate of 0.5 C or 1 C, the battery will heat up noticeably towards the end of the charging process. This is not an error!39 d) Discharge Current Normatively, the battery capacity is determined at a discharge current of 0.2 C. For the example batteries, this means: 1000 mAh x 0.2 = 200 mA 2700 mAh x 0.2 = 540 mA The discharge current must be chosen that comes closest to the calculated value. For the 1000 mAh battery, these are 250 mA, and for the 2700 mAh batteries, a discharge current of 500 mA results.

Long-term determination of a battery’s capacity leading to the same discharge current every time can be used to determine its current condition (capacity loss). The delivered capacity depends strongly on the discharge current: The lower the discharge current the higher the capacity that can be delivered. Since the rechargeable battery is discharged via resistors, the actual discharge current depends on the current battery voltage. Of course, this is considered in the capacity calculation (DCAP) of the “Charge Manager 420”.40

• Overview of running programmes

• Cell/loading parameters

• Current intake of the device connected to the USB output 3 Operating keys “<“ (left) and “>” (right) for input / selection “OK” to confirm Connection (back of the device): 1 USB output (USB A socket, 5 V/DC, max. 500 mA) 2 Voltage supply connection (12 V/DC, hollow-plug socket, plus pole/+ inner pins, minus pole/-/GND outer pins)41

a) Charge Programmes The “Charge Manager 420” provides a total of five programmes for processing the rechargeable batteries:

• Charging (“CHA” = “CHARGE”)

• Discharge (“DIS” = “DISCHARGE”)

• Test (“CHK” = “CHECK”)

• Cycle (“CYC” = “CYCLE”)

• Revive (“ALV” = “ALIVE”) b) USB Connection The standard-compliant USB connection on the back of the “Charge Manager 420” can supply USB devices. Important! No rechargeable batteries must be in the charge slots. Remove the rechargeable batteries from the charge slots before using the USB connection. c) Maintenance Charge If the rechargeable battery is left in the charger and it is required, the maintenance programme “TRICKLE” (display “TRI”) is started automatically. d) Energy Saving Mode If all programmes are processed (display “RDY”), the USB output is not activated and no button was pressed, the device switches into energy saving mode after approx. one minute. The display is also switched off in this. Pressing a button, inserting another cell, possibly removing all cells or starting the maintenance charge will lead to leaving of the energy savings mode.42

10. PARAMETER DISPLAY

a) Battery Voltage The voltage of the battery is indicated in the unloaded condition (and can therefore not be measured during operation). b) Charge Condition To give you a general idea of the state of the rechargeable battery this device displays a battery symbol (“ ”). This symbol only serves to estimate how far the charge or discharge process has progressed. When charging the battery icon fills from the bottom to the top while it empties from top down when discharging. Conclusions regarding the expected time remaining until the end of the programme are not possible from it. If the charging status of the battery was not yet established, a question mark (“?”) appears instead of the battery icon. c) Charge/Discharge Current When charging and discharging the current flowing into the battery “I” is displayed. If no current is flowing (e.g. in the mode “RDY” (“READY”), “ERR” (“ERROR”) or “STB” (“STANDBY”)), the display shows “I= -.---A”. d) Time Measurement The display shows the time in hours and minutes (“HH:MM”) over which the battery was charged and discharged. The time required for maintenance charge (operating mode “TRI” = “TRICKLE”) is not considered. e) Fed in and Removed Capacity The capacity (C) charged into the battery, as well as the discharged capacity (D) is stated in milliampere hours (mAh) or ampere hours (Ah). In programmes with several charge and discharge cycles, only the current values are displayed. Data of the previous cycle are deleted. No calculation, display or addition of the capacity of a maintenance charge (“TRICKLE”) are performed.43

First connect the voltage supply. Always connect the low-voltage plug (hollow plug) first to the connection cable of the mains adapter to the DC input socket of the charger. Then the mains adapter must be connected to the corresponding mains socket.

As an alternative to the included mains adapter, the charger can also be supplied with power using a suitable car adapter (not included in the delivery, can be ordered separately), which supplies an output voltage of 12 V/DC and has an output power of 20 W. The display shows the following message for approx. two seconds: During this time, the charging device carries out a self-test and checks for any existing batteries. The charger is now ready for operation CM420 SELFTEST RUNNING44

a) Use of the USB Output If no rechargeable battery is inserted in the “Charge Manager 420”, the following message appears: Pressing the button “>” activates the USB output. The current output is displayed by the charger as follows: Press the button “<“ to switch off the output again.

No batteries must be in the charge slots during use of the USB output. The display “CURRENT= -.---A” means that no USB device is connected or no current flows. b) Start of Battery Charging Programmes After inserting a cell (e.g. in slot 1), the following display appears: Within the next 5 seconds, the charge program can be selected with the “<“ and “>” buttons, with the time extending by another 5 seconds with every push of a button. Only after this period will the settings be assumed. Briefly pressing “OK” suffices to confirm at once. If no input is made, the programme “CHARGE” starts automatically at a charge current of 500 mA after approx. 10 seconds. VOLTCRAFT CM 420 USB-OUT= OFF USB-OUT= ACTIVE CURRENT= 0.499A

SET CHARGE45 The desired programme is selected with the selection buttons “<“ or “>”. Five different programmes are available. “SET CHARGE” = Charging “SET DISCHARGE” = Discharge (no maintenance charge!) “SET CHECK” = Discharge -> charge “SET CYCLE” = Charge -> discharge -> charge “SET ALIVE” = Charge -> discharge -> charge -> discharge -> charge

• “CHA” (“CHARGE”) means that the inserted battery is being charged.

• “DIS” (“DISCHARGE”) means that the inserted battery will only be discharged. There is no maintenance charge.

• “CHK” (“CHECK”) means that a charge follows the discharge.

• “CYC” (“CYCLE”) means that the inserted battery will be first charged, then discharged and finally recharged.

• “ALV” (“ALIVE”) means that the battery must go through several charge and discharge cycles. The “ALIVE” programme is used for activating new batteries and batteries that were stored for an extended period of time. Depending on the selected programme, the charge or discharge current must be selected: Charge current input Discharge current input Use the arrow buttons to select first the charge current and then the discharge current. This is also either assumed by the button “OK” or automatically after five seconds. If no input is made, the “Charge Manager 420” automatically sets the charge current to 500 mA and the discharge current to 250 mA.

SET I-CHA 500mA46 Start more cells If a programme was started already, the display shows the following: This means that this battery (“x”) without input is processed with the same parameters (programme and current) as the battery inserted before (“y”).

If several batteries of the same programme are processed, it is sufficient to select the parameters for the first battery detected. After a waiting time of 5 seconds each, these values are automatically accepted without any button pressed. Use the arrow buttons to select another programme. If the USB output is active, no battery will be recognised, and no programme can be started. At power outage or when the voltage supply is interrupted, both the determined values and the programme selection are lost. When the voltage is re-established, the charger automatically starts the programme “CHA” (“CHARGE”) at the smallest charge current (500 mA). c) Programme Cancellation A running programme can only be interrupted by removing the battery from the battery slot. SET PROG. SLOTx - SAME AS SLOTy47

Total overview: Here a display shows all the inserted batteries with their associated programme and charging condition (battery symbol). “S1” to “S4” represent the four charge slots. The alignment on the display corresponds to that of the slots of the charger. The “- - -” lines mean that no battery is inserted in these slots. If the charging status of the battery was not yet established, a question mark (“?”) appears. If the battery is being processed, the battery symbol or an arrow are displayed alternatingly. During charging, the arrow points up; during discharging, it points down. Detailed view: Use the two selection buttons “<“ or “>” to request details of all available battery data. Briefly press the button “OK” to return to the total overview. The first line contains the charge slot number (“SLOT”) and the charge capacity (C). In the second line, the battery symbol (“ ”) shows the approximate charge status and the charge programme (e.g. “CHA” for “CHARGE”). The current discharge capacity (D) is also displayed. If charging is in progress, an arrow flashes in front of “C”; if discharging is in progress, an arrow flashes in front of “D”. S1 S2 S3 S4

SLOT1C= 32.6mAh CHA D= 0.0mAh48 This display shows the slot number (“SLOT1”) in the first line and the current battery voltage (“U”). The flashing arrow next to (“U”) signals the current current direction. During charging, the arrow points up; during discharging, it points down. The second line shows the processing time that has already passed in the format of “HH:MM” (hour:minute) and the current charge or discharge current (“I”). If not all parameters were determined yet for the programme, the display shows the following: Charge programme end (“RDY”) If the “Charge Manager 420” has successfully completed the charge process, the display shows “RDY” (= “READY”). Overview: Detailed view:

The charge process is completed, the battery can be removed from the charge slot.

00:40 I= -.---A SLOT1 C= 1328mAh RDY D= 0.0mAh49 Waiting mode (“STB”, “STANDBY”) Depending on the system, only cells selected with the same charging current will be charged simultaneously. Rechargeable batteries with differing charging currents are shifted to the standby mode, until their activation (“STB”). Once all of the required parameters are met, the charging step is automatically continued. Display in the overview: Maintenance Charge (“TRI”, “TRICKLE”) Batteries discharge over time. This property is known as self-discharge. To balance out this loss, the “Charge manager 420” starts the maintenance charge programme “TRI” (“TRICKLE”) automatically if needed. Of course, this does not apply if the battery was only discharged with the programme “DIS” (“DISCHARGE”). The capacity (C) of the recharge (“TRICKLE”) and the time required for this process (“HH:MM”) will not be indicated or summed up. Only voltage and current are updated. Therefore, the charging capacity, if applicable the discharging capacity and the time only refer to the programme processed previously. Display in the overview: Defective battery (“ERR”, “ERROR”) If the charge current is unsuccessful, the error message “ERR” (“ERROR”) is output (see

The charger will no longer process this battery. Display in the overview: S1 S2 S3 S4

By purchasing this charging device you have acquired a product that has been designed to the state of the art and is operationally reliable. Nevertheless, problems or errors may occur. Therefore, we would like to describe to you how to remove possible interferences. No function or no display

• Is the hollow plug of the mains adapter correctly plugged into the charger socket?

• Is the mains adapter correctly plugged into the mains socket and is the mains voltage present? No battery identified

• Are the contacts of the charge slot or battery contaminated? If required, clean it with a clean, dry cloth. Device temperature too high (display “OVERTEMP!!! Please Wait”)

• The charger is overheated. After the cooling phase, the programme is continued automatically. If required, ensure a cooler ambience temperature (e.g. do not operate the charger at direct sun irradiation). Display “ERR” (“ERROR”) for one or several inserted batteries

• A non-rechargeable battery or impermissible battery was inserted accidentally.

• The rechargeable battery is defective.

• If “ERR” is displayed at the same time for several cells, remove all cells from the charger and charge the cells individually to detect the defective battery. Immediate display “RDY” (“READY”) in programme “DIS” (DISCHARGE”) or immediate commencement of charging at programme “CHK”) (“CHECK”)

• Deep discharged battery: Cancellation of discharge process to protect the battery51 Low charge capacity (C) although the battery was discharged

• Process battery with the “ALV” (“ALIVE”) programme. If the charge capacity “C” is still too low, the battery is defective. No display in the device display and/or no reaction due to EMC impulses, electrostatic discharge = ESD, surge impulses or line-conveyed interference resistance

• Disconnect the device from the power supply and reconnect it. Significant warming on the housing

• The high performance of the device results in heating of the top and bottom of the casing; this is no fault; ensure good ventilation.52

15. MAINTENANCE AND CARE

The product does not require any maintenance, never take it apart. Repair or maintenance work must be carried out by a specialist. Disconnect the charger from the power supply before cleaning it. First remove all rechargeable batteries from the charge slots and then pull the mains adapter from the socket. The outside of the product should only be cleaned with a clean, soft, dry cloth. Dust can be removed easily with a soft, clean brush and a vacuum cleaner. Never use any aggressive cleaning agents or chemical solutions. They may damage the surface of the casing (discolourations).

a) General Information At the end of its service life, dispose of the product according to the relevant statutory regulations. b) Batteries and Rechargeable Batteries You as the end user are required by law (Battery Ordinance) to return all used batteries/ rechargeable batteries. Disposing of them in the household waste is prohibited! Batteries/rechargeable batteries that contain any hazardous substances are labelled with the adjacent icon to indicate that disposal in domestic waste is forbidden. The descriptions for the respective heavy metal are: Cd=cadmium, Hg=mercury, Pb=lead (the names are indicated on the battery/rechargeable battery e.g. below the rubbish bin symbol shown to the left). You may return used batteries/rechargeable batteries free of charge at the official collection points of your community, in our stores, or wherever batteries/rechargeable batteries are sold. You thus fulfil your statutory obligations and contribute to the protection of the environment.

• Laden (“CHA” = “CHARGE”)

• Ontladen (“DIS” = “DISCHARGE”)

• Testen (“CHK” = “CHECK”)

• Cyclus (“CYC” = “CYCLE”)

Legal Notice These operating instructions are a publication by Voltcraft®, Lindenweg 15, D-92242 Hirschau/Germany, Phone [phone] (www.voltcraft.de). All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction by any method, e.g. photocopy, microfilming, or the capture in electronic data processing systems require the prior written approval by the editor. Reprinting, also in part, is prohibited. These operating instructions represent the technical status at the time of printing. Changes in technology and equipment reserved. © Copyright 2011 by Voltcraft®.