02R1 - Table de mixage numérique YAMAHA - Notice d'utilisation et mode d'emploi gratuit

Type de produit	Console de mixage numérique
Caractéristiques techniques principales	32 entrées, 16 sorties, 24 pistes d'enregistrement simultanées, 96 kHz/24 bits
Alimentation électrique	AC 100-240V, 50/60Hz
Dimensions approximatives	480 mm x 132 mm x 400 mm
Poids	6,5 kg
Compatibilités	Compatible avec les systèmes d'exploitation Windows et macOS
Type de batterie	Non applicable
Tension	Non applicable
Puissance	Consommation électrique de 40W
Fonctions principales	Mixage numérique, enregistrement multipiste, effets intégrés
Entretien et nettoyage	Nettoyer avec un chiffon doux, éviter les produits chimiques agressifs
Pièces détachées et réparabilité	Disponibilité de pièces détachées auprès des revendeurs agréés
Sécurité	Utiliser dans un environnement sec, éviter les surcharges électriques
Informations générales utiles	Idéale pour les studios d'enregistrement, les concerts live et les événements

FOIRE AUX QUESTIONS - 02R1 YAMAHA

Comment réinitialiser ma table de mixage YAMAHA 02R1?

Pour réinitialiser votre YAMAHA 02R1, éteignez la console, puis maintenez enfoncé le bouton 'Scene' tout en la rallumant. Relâchez le bouton lorsque l'écran affiche 'Initialization'.

Pourquoi ma YAMAHA 02R1 ne s'allume-t-elle pas?

Vérifiez d'abord que le câble d'alimentation est correctement connecté et que la prise fonctionne. Si le problème persiste, il se peut qu'il y ait un problème interne nécessitant une assistance technique.

Comment régler le niveau de sortie de mes pistes sur la YAMAHA 02R1?

Utilisez les faders situés sur chaque canal pour ajuster le niveau de sortie. Assurez-vous également que le niveau de sortie maître est correctement réglé.

Comment ajouter des effets à mes pistes sur la YAMAHA 02R1?

Accédez au menu des effets, sélectionnez l'effet désiré, puis assignez-le à la piste souhaitée en utilisant les boutons d'assignation correspondants.

Que faire si j'entends des grésillements ou des bruits indésirables?

Vérifiez les connexions de câbles pour vous assurer qu'ils sont bien fixés et en bon état. Essayez aussi de changer de sortie pour voir si le problème persiste.

Comment sauvegarder mes réglages sur la YAMAHA 02R1?

Pour sauvegarder vos réglages, accédez au menu 'Scene', choisissez l'option 'Save' et suivez les instructions à l'écran pour enregistrer votre scène.

Pourquoi ma YAMAHA 02R1 ne répond-elle pas aux commandes MIDI?

Vérifiez les paramètres MIDI dans le menu de configuration. Assurez-vous que les canaux MIDI sont correctement réglés et que les connexions sont sécurisées.

Comment mettre à jour le firmware de ma YAMAHA 02R1?

Téléchargez la dernière version du firmware depuis le site de YAMAHA, puis suivez les instructions fournies pour effectuer la mise à jour via une clé USB.

MODE D'EMPLOI 02R1 YAMAHA

O2R

DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE

OWNER'S MANUAL

FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.)

1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT!

This product, when installed as indicated in the instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product.

1. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories and/or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Cable/s supplied with this product MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions. Failure to follow instructions could void your FCC authorization to use this product in the USA.

2. NOTE: This product has been tested and found to comply with the requirements listed in FCC Regulations, Part 15 for Class "B" digital devices. Compliance with these requirements provides a reasonable level of assurance that your use of this product in a residential environment will not result in harmful interference with other electronic devices. This equipment generates/uses radio frequencies and, if not installed and used according to the instructions found in the users manual, may cause interference harmful to the operation of other electronic devices. Compliance with FCC regulations does not guarantee that interference will not occur in all installations. If this product is found to be the source of interference, which can be determined by turning the unit "OFF" and "ON", please try to eliminate the problem by using one of the following measures:

Relocate either this product or the device that is being affected by the interference.

Utilize power outlets that are on different branch (circuit breaker or fuse) circuits or install AC line filter/s.

In the case of radio or TV interference, relocate/reorient the antenna. If the antenna lead-in is 300 ohm ribbon lead, change the lead-in to coaxial type cable.

If these corctive measures do not produce satisfactory results, please contact the local retailer authorized to distribute this type of product. If you can not locate the appropriate retailer, please contact Yamaha Corporation of America, Electronic Service Division, 6600 Orangethorpe Ave, Buena Park, CA 90620

• This applies only to products distributed by YAMAHA CORPORATION OF AMERICA.

IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR THE UNITED KINGDOM

Connecting the Plug and Cord

WARNING: THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED

IMPORTANT: The wires in this mains lead are coloured in accordance with the following code:

GREEN-AND-YELLOW : EARTH

BLUE : NEUTRAL

BROWN : LIVE

As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:

The wire which is coloured GREEN and YELLOW must be connected to the terminal in the plug which is marked by the letter E or by the safety earth symbol or coloured GREEN and YELLOW.

The wire which is coloured BLUE must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured BLACK.

The wire which is coloured BROWN must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter L or coloured RED.

• This applies only to products distributed by YAMAHA KEMBLE MUSIC (U.K.) LTD.

ADVARSEL!

Lithiumbatteri—Eksplosionsfare ved fejlagtig handtering. Udskiftning mA kun ske med batteri af samme fabrikat og type. Lever det brugte batteri tilbage til leverandoren.

WARNING

Explosionsfara vid felaktigt batterbyte. Använd samma battertyp aller en ekvivalent typ som rekommenderas av apparattillverkaren.

Kassera anvant batteri enligt fabrikantens instruktion.

VAROITUS

Paristo voi rajähtä,Jos se on virheellisesti asennettu. Vaihda paristo ainoastaan laitevalmistajan susittelemaan typpin. Hāvita kāytetty paristo valmistajan ohjeden mukaisesti.

Important Information

Please read the following before operating your Digital Recording Console 02R.

Precautions

Installing the 02R

• The unit should be connected only to an AC receptacle of the type described in the owner's manual or as marked on the unit.
• Be careful to prevent the 02R from getting wet; do not allow water to enter the 02R, especially when raining or snowing, or near a body of a water. Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.
• Do not block the ventilation holes on the 02R. The 02R has ventilation holes on the top, rear, front and bottom panel to prevent the inside temperature from rising. If the ventilation holes are blocked, the heat will remain inside, resulting in fire. In particular, avoid the following situations:

Do not orient the 02R upside down, face down, or sideways.

Do not place the 02R in a narrow, non-ventilated space, such as in a bookcase or closet. Use a dedicated rack.

• Do not place a table cloth on top of the 02R; do not place the 02R on a carpet or mattress.
• Do not place heavy objects on the power cord. If the cord is damaged, fire or electrical shock may result. In particular, it is possible that one might accidentally place a heavy object on the carpet that covers the cord, or place the 02R on top of a power cord; avoid these situations.
• To allow for the efficient release of heat, maintain a gap of 10cm or more between the rear of the 02R and the wall. Locate the 02R away from other equipment. If the release of heat is insufficient, the heat will remain inside the device, and result in a fire.
• Do not install the 02R in a place where it may be exposed to oil, smoke, or steam (for example, near a cooking table or humidifier). Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.
• Do not place the 02R on an unstable surface, such as an unstable bench or slanted surface. Otherwise, the equipment may fall or drop, resulting in injury.
• Do not place the power cord near a heating device. Otherwise, the cord sheath may melt, resulting in fire or electrical shock.
• Do not locate the 02R in a place subject to excessive heat, such as inside a car with all the windows closed, or in direct sunlight. Otherwise, fire may result.

• Do not place the 02R in a place subject to excessive humidity or dust. Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.

• Do not handle the power plug with wet hands. Otherwise, you may receive an electrical shock.

• When you remove the power plug, be sure to hold the plug. Never pull on the cord. Otherwise, the power cord will become damaged, resulting in fire or electrical shock.
• When relocating the 02R, since the 02R is heavy, make sure that two or more people carry it.
• When you are moving the 02R to another location, first turn off the power switch, remove the power plug from the AC outlet, and remove all cables connected to external devices. Otherwise, the cables may become damaged, resulting in fire or electrical shock.
• The Digital Recording Console 02R offers superb sonic quality. To ensure the best possible results, you should use the best quality connecting cables that you can afford. Regular maintenance involves keeping all connections clean using a quality contact cleaner.

Using the 02R

Do not touch the 02R under the following circumstances:

• If you hear thunder, turn off the power switch and remove the power plug from the AC outlet as soon as possible.
  If you fear a lightning hit, and the 02R has been connected to an AC outlet, do not touch the power plug. Otherwise, you may receive an electrical shock.
• Do not attempt to modify this equipment. Otherwise, fire or electrical shock may result.
• Do not remove the case of the 02R. Otherwise, electrical shock may result.

If you think the 02R needs to be checked for maintenance or repair, consult your dealer.

• Do not place a container of water, or any small metal object on top of the 02R. If water is spilled or if the metal object falls inside, fire or electrical shock may result. This applies to vases, potted plants, glasses, cosmetic bottles, medicine, etc.
• Do not damage, process, bend, twist, stretch, or heat the power cord. Otherwise, the cord may be damaged, resulting in fire or electrical shock.
• When you are connecting audio devices or speakers to the 02R, make sure that first you turn off the power to all devices to be connected. Refer to the user's guide for each device, and use the specified cable for connection.
• Set the volume level on all the devices to the minimum before turning on the power. Otherwise, an extremely loud noise could damage your hearing.
• If you plan not to use the 02R for a long period of time (such as when you are on vacation), remove the power plug from the AC outlet. Otherwise, a fire could possibly result.

If an abnormality occurs while operating the 02, remove the plug from the AC outlet

• If you notice any abnormality--such as smoke, odor, noise, etc.--turn off the power to the 02R immediately, and remove the power plug from the AC outlet. Confirm that the abnormality is no longer present, then consult your dealer for repair. If you continue using the 02R under abnormal conditions, fire or electrical shock may result.
• If a foreign object or water enters inside the equipment, turn off the power to the 02R immediately, remove the power plug from the AC outlet, and consult your dealer for repair. If you continue using the 02R under this condition, fire or electrical shock may result.
• If the power cord is damaged (for example, the it is cut or if the core wire is exposed), ask your dealer for a replacement. If you continue using the 02R under this condition, fire or electrical shock may result.
• If the 02R is dropped, or the cabinet is damaged, turn off the power switch, remove the power plug from the AC outlet, and consult your dealer. If you continue using the 02R under this condition, fire or electrical shock may result.

Maintenance

• Before cleaning the 02R, remove the power plug from the AC outlet for safety. Otherwise, an electrical shock may result.
• An authorized dealer should clean the internal parts of the 02R on a regular basis. If you do not clean them for a long period of time, allowing dust to accumulate inside the equipment, fire or malfunction may result.

Consult your dealer about cleaning and its cost.

The optimum frequency for cleaning is once a year. It is especially effective to clean before a rainy or humid season starts.

• The performance of contact parts--such as switches, the volume encoder, and connectors--deteriorates with use. The degree of deterioration may differ depending on the environment, but the deterioration itself cannot be avoided. To replace the contact parts, consult your dealer.
• Do not apply oil, grease, or a contact repair agent to the faders. Otherwise, the conductivity of the electrical contact point may be affected.

If you think the faders' movement is awkward, refer to "User's Guide" on page 170 for calibration information.

Data backup

Data stored inside the equipment may be destroyed by malfunction or incorrect operation of the equipment. Be sure to save important data to an external MIDI device for backup.

Influences on other electrical devices

This equipment uses many digital circuits, which may cause noise to occur on nearby radio or TV. In this case, relocate the 02R away from those devices.

Exclusion of Certain Damages

Manufacturer, importer or dealer shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages for other than injury to the person and/or any other damages that caused by not proper use or operate the instrument.

Please, watch also our instructions in this manual.

Copyright

© 1995 Yamaha Corporation. All rights reserved.

No part of the Digital Recording Console 02R software or its user manuals may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without the prior written authorization of Yamaha Corporation.

Trademarks

ADAT and Alesis are registered trademarks of Alesis Corporation.

ADAT Multichannel Optical Digital Interface is a trademark of Alesis Corporation.

TEAC® is a registered trademark of TEAC CORPORATION.

Tascam Digital Audio Interface (TDIF-1™) is a trademark of TEAC CORPORATION.

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

Package Contents

Your Digital Recording Console 02R package contains the following items. If you do not have them all, please contact your Yamaha dealer.

Digital Recording Console 02R
This Getting Started Guide

This Owner's Manual consists of:

A Getting Started Guide section and
- A User's Guide section.

O2R

DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE

User's Guide

Contents

1 Introduction to the 02R. 1

Digital Recording Console 02R 2

User Guides 3

Installation 3

Top and Rear Panels 4

Features. 5

Key Features. 7

2 Getting Started 13

Basic Assumptions 14

Making the Connections 14

Basic Setup 15

Power ON/OFF. 16

Setting the Synchronization. 16

Recall Scene Memory 0. 17

3 Introductory Recording Tutorial 19

Setting the Input Level 20

Applying EQ 24

Using the EQUALIZER Library 30

Routing 35

Panning. 38

4 Secondary Recording Tutorial. 41

Auxiliary Send Channels 42

Setting the Auxiliary Send Level 43

Creating a Monitor Mix 45

Applying Effects 46

Recalling and Editing Effects. 49

Patching in a Dynamics Processor 54

Using the Dynamics Library 57

Scene Memories 62

5 Mixing and Automation. 67

What is 02R Automation? 68

Real-Time Automation. 69

Editing Automation Events 76

Off-Line Automix Editing 81

Using the AUTOMIX Library 86

Index 90

1

Introduction to the 02R

In this chapter...

Digital Recording Console 02R 2
User Guidelines 3
Installation 3
Top and Rear Panels 4
Features. 5
Key Features. 7

Digital Recording Console 02R

From the company that pioneered digital mixing consoles and leads the industry with its acclaimed DSP technology comes the Digital Recording Console 02R – the most advanced digital mixing console in the world. All of YAMAHA's experience and innovation has been applied to the 02R, to create a perfect mixer for use with the current generation of modular digital multitrack tape and disk recorders.

Inputs and Outputs - I/O Cards and Digital Cascade

With the YAMAHA Digital Recording Console 02R you can record and mix directly to your modular digital multitrack recorder without ever leaving the sonic purity of the digital domain. It is a 40 input channel mixer, each with full dynamic processing and 4-band parametric EQ, plus two stereo internal effects returns. It comes with 24 analog inputs, featuring 20-bit 64-times oversampling analog-to-digital conversion. By adding one of the optional digital I/O cards, you can also have 8 channels of direct digital input. Depending on configuration, up to four cards can be inserted into the 02R. The cards allow you to select from any of the currently used formats (ADAT®, TDIF™, YAMAHA, or AES/EBU). The optional cards allow you to route up to 16 outputs directly to your modular digital multitrack recorder. In addition, you can insert a Digital Cascade card into one of the I/O slots, allowing you to connect multiple 02Rs together to create a larger digital mixing system.

Dynamic Automation with Total and Instant Recall

The Digital Recording Console 02R is a fully dynamic automated mixing console – all referenced to time code. Its onboard automation system memorizes not just the faders, but a myriad of parameters. Switch individual channels on or off, adjust the equalization or the pan position, change the auxiliary send, and recall any scene memory – automatically. There are 64 internal scene memories which can store every digital mix parameter in a “snapshot” providing instant recall and reset.

Crystal Clarity and Unsurpassed Audio Quality

The 02R contains YAMAHA's latest generation 32-bit proprietary audio DSP. All of your mix data is processed internally with 32-bit precision. Using the power of the latest generation effects processor chip, it also has a startling range of effects available: shimmering reversbs, clean, precise delays, flanging and chorus, and other effects are built into this mixer. It also features dynamics processors on all the inputs, allowing you to compress, limit, or gate the signals, giving you unparalleled sonic quality and flexibility. The 02R samples audio at 44.1kHz and 48kHz using its internal clock, and can sample at any frequency from 28kHz to 53kHz when an external word clock is applied.

RISC Technology

To provide powerful system control and full dynamic automation, the 02R is driven by a RISC technology CPU. With all this power and sonic quality, the 02R will become the heart of your digital recording studio.

User Guides

The Digital Recording Console 02R is supplied with an Owner's Manual which consists of two sections - a Getting Started Guide and a User's Guide. You should keep this manual handy for future reference.

Getting Started Guide

The Getting Started Guide sections contain a simple description and a couple of tutorials about digital recording with the 02R to get you started. It also has a tutorial on the automation system.

User's Guide

The User's Guide sections explain each 02R function in full detail. Use its table of contents to search for general topics and the index to search for specifics. A glossary of related terms is also provided.

Where to Start

If you are unfamiliar with the 02R, you should start with the Getting Started Guide. Read through the section and follow the steps outlined in the tutorials. Refer to the User's Guide when you are more familiar with the 02R and just need the details of how a particular function works. You may also want to refer to the User's Guide for more detailed information while using the Getting Started Guide.

Automation System

Regardless of your level of experience, you should read through the section "Mixing and Automation" on page 67 of the Getting Started Guide. The automation system built into the 02R is unique to this product. Even experienced recording engineers will want to refer to this section to discover how to record and playback entire mixing sessions. You should also refer to the section entitled "Automation" on page 123 of the User's Guide.

Installation

You should locate the Digital Recording Console 02R on a stable surface. It should be sited so that the display screen can be easily read from a comfortable position. Leave plenty of access space at the back of the unit to make the required connections to the other equipment in your digital recording studio.

Top and Rear Panels

Features

Sonic Specifications

• Linear 20-bit 64-times oversampling A/D converters
• Linear 20-bit 8-times oversampling D/A convertors
  105 dB dynamic range (typical)
• 32-bit precision internal processing with a dynamic range of over 190 dB using YAMAHA's 32-bit proprietary audio DSP

General Features

• 40 input channel mixer, with full dynamic processing and 4-band parametric equalization
• Dynamic automation - all referenced to time code
• 64 internal scene memories for storing all digital mixer settings
  4-band Parametric EQ with sweepable center-frequency from 20Hz to 20kHz and adjustable bandwidth (Q)
• Extensive EQ library

• Comprehensive dynamics processors on each input channel, tape return, and buss and stereo output:

• Compressor

• Expander
  Gate/Ducking

• Soft and Hard Compander

• Dynamics library

• Fully programmable channel settings: phase and attenuation, delay, pan, routing, meters, EQ, and dynamics
• Channel library
• Two internal stereo effects using proprietary processor chip
• Effects library
• 8 output busses, 8 auxiliary send busses, and main stereo mix buss
• 24 balanced analog inputs (8 channels with either XLR-type or phone connectors)
• Continuously variable gain control
  20 dB input pad
• 8 XLR-type inputs with 48V phantom power for condenser microphones
  8 analog insert input/output connections
  2 analog 2TR IN inputs

2 analog stereo outputs
- 6 analog auxiliary send outputs
- Stereo studio and control room outputs
3 digital 2TR IN inputs
2 digital stereo outputs
- Industry standard AES/EBU or IEC958 Part2 (Consumer) digital inputs and outputs
100mm motorized faders
- Fader and mute groups for single fader or button control over several faders or channel ON buttons
- Adjacent channel pair function for stereo operation on inputs, tape returns, and auxiliary channels
- Dedicated buttons and controls of the Selected Channel module
Large 320× 240 pixel, FL-backlit, user-friendly graphical display screen
RISC technology CPU
- SMPTE and MTC synchronization plus full MIDI implementation

Optional Features

• Optional digital I/O cards:

Alesis ADAT
TASCAM TDIF-1
YAMAHA
AES/EBU
Digital Cascade

• Optional analog input/output card
• Optional 1MB memory expansion kit
• Optional meter bridge
• Optional wooden side panels

Key Features

This section looks at some of the key features of the Digital Recording Console 02R, what they mean to you, and some hints about how you can use them.

Dynamic Automation

One of the most demanding jobs of the recording engineer is taking all the raw material produced during a multitrack recording session and mixing it all together into an artistically satisfying master recording. The ability to setup portions of the mix and then have them playback automatically as you work on other portions is probably the most important feature of the Digital Recording Console 02R.

It has an on-board automation system that memorizes fader positions, switches individual channels on or off, adjusts the equalization or pan positions, and changes the auxiliary sends – all based on time code. It can also record and execute scene memory changes, also determined by time code. This allows you to perform an entire mixing session, and then edit individual channel settings until you have achieved the perfect mix.

The 02R allows you to record a mixdown in real-time and then edit the results, either in real-time or by using one of the event editors. You can select single parameters of the mixer to edit – for example, just enable the faders for one pass as you create your mixdown.

Scene Memories

The 02R has 64 internal scene memories each of which is a snapshot of all the digital settings of the mixer (a mix scene). Each can be named for easy identification. They can be stored and later recalled instantly.

If you work on several projects at one time, you can store the current mixer settings in a scene memory so when you return to that project, you can start immediately from where you left off. When you are working on a mixdown, the ability to recall mixer scenes can speed the process and allows for accurate repetition of the various parts of the mix. When you use the 02R for sound reinforcement applications, the ability to recall mix scenes can make light work of night-after-night sound checks.

Storing the mixer settings to a scene memory is a simple matter of pressing the [STORE] button and confirming the request.

Note: You can customize your 02R to perform the storage operation without confirmation. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide for more details.

Recalling the scene is even easier – just press the [RECALL] button. You should be careful that your scene memories flow into each other smoothly. The instant recall means that you can have very abrupt level changes or the unexpected intrusion of a very loud channel.

Note: The 02R allows you to have programmable fades between scene memories. The only thing you need to watch is the sudden sound of a channel being switched on. Even then, if the original channel level was set to - dB, you should have no problems. See "Fade Time" on page 121 of the User's Guide.

Large Graphical Display

The heart of the 02R user interface is the large graphical display located in the center of the console. Using the Display Access controls, you can gain immediate access to the features of the mixer – clearly displayed on the 320 × 240 pixel, FL-backlit, user-friendly graphical display screen. Virtual control modules are shown on the screen, allowing you to adjust almost any digital parameter anywhere in the system.

As well as displaying parameter values numerically, faders, rotary controls, and push buttons are represented graphically, so you can actually see button status, pan positions, and fader levels.

In addition the equalization curves are displayed graphically as are the dynamics processor parameters.

User Interface

The Digital Recording Console 02R user interface is powerful but very intuitive. There are two main methods of working with the 02R:

• Use the DISPLAY ACCESS controls to modify one parameter at a time across the entire recording console.
• Use the SELECTED CHANNEL controls to modify all of the parameters of the currently selected channel.

The DISPLAY ACCESS controls consist of a block of 24 function buttons divided into three groups – the CONFIGURATION group, the MIXING group, and the AUX group – plus the large backlit graphical display screen, four cursor buttons, a detented encoder wheel, and the [ENTER] button. There is also a related block of four SCENE MEMORY buttons – to increment, decrement, store, and recall the scene memories.

The SELECTED CHANNEL controls consist of four main blocks of controls - each block was designed to be as familiar as the equivalent controls on a standard analog mixer, but with the power of digital precision and instant recall. The ROUTING block selects the buss onto which to route the current channel signal. The AUX block selects the auxiliary buss to send the channel signal to and sets the send level. The PAN block sets the pan position of the channel signal. The EQ block sets the equalization curve for

the current channel. You can customize your 02R to automatically select the corresponding display function when you adjust a control in these blocks.

Motorized Faders

In addition to the DISPLAY ACCESS and SELECTED CHANNEL controls, each input channel and the stereo master channel utilizes a 100mm motorized fader. When a scene memory is recalled, the faders position themselves automatically to the levels stored. Fader movements are replayed automatically in synchronization with time code during playback of a dynamic automation memory.

The faders allow you to quickly and accurately set the levels for the selected channels. By pressing the [FLIP] button, you can transfer fader control over your tape returns as well. Faders can be grouped into one of four fader groups for control of multiple faders from a single control. (There are also four mute groups which allow you to toggle a group of channels on or off.) You can also control two adjacent channels in stereo with the pair operation using only one fader.

Internal Stereo Effects

The Digital Recording Console 02R features eight auxiliary sends, two of which are routed to the internal multi-effects stereo processors: Effect1 and Effect2. Using the power of YAMAHA's proprietary effects processor chip, the 02R has a startling range of special effects available to apply to your mix. Shimmering reverbs, clean and precise delays, flanging and chorus, and a myriad of other effects are available built right into this mixer. The effects are processed entirely within the digital domain, ensuring the signal quality is the finest that a digital system can provide.

The 02R features a simple and convenient analog interface to outboard signal processing and effects units. When you use the six auxiliary sends, the signal from those channels is converted to analog at 18-bits linear, 8-times oversampling.

Effects can be applied to input channels or the tape return channels, and the auxiliary sends can be configured pre-fader or post-fader. There are 40 preset effects programs and 88 user effects programs for you to store your own settings.

Dynamics Processors

Dynamics processors are generally used to correct or control signal levels. However, you can also use them creatively to shape the volume envelope of a sound. The 02R features comprehensive dynamics processors for all the input, return, buss, and stereo output channels – a total of 50 processors. These processors allow you to compress, expand, limit, gate, or duck the signals passing through the mixer, giving you unparalleled sonic quality and flexibility.

Similar to the internal stereo effects, the dynamics processors are patched directly into the signal path while the audio data remains in the digital domain. Signal quality is unaffected by conversion to and from digital as would be the case if you used an external dynamics processor. The dynamics program settings are stored in the dynamics library as well as the scene memory. There are 40 preset programs for you to recall and 88 user programs for you to store your own dynamics programs

Parametric EQ with Library

The Digital Recording Console 02R contains a high-performance four-band, fully parametric equalizer. Each input channel, tape and effect return, and the stereo output channel features an equalizer. You can tailor the equalization curve with a high degree of precision, covering the entire dynamic spectrum from 21Hz to 20.1kHz . Select the center-frequency (F) and adjust the bandwidth (Q) and the gain (G) until you have achieved the perfect sound.

The EQ setting for each channel is stored in the scene memory and can be adjusted in real-time with the dynamic automation system. The 02R also has an extensive EQ library which allows you to store frequently used equalizer settings for instant recall. An equalization program stored in the EQ library is a good starting point and reference when making adjustments to the equalization.

Digital Benefits

You're probably already familiar with the many benefits of digital audio, but what exactly are the benefits for digital audio mixing?

An audio mixer has the job of combining audio signals from various sources, at differing levels and impedances, usually into a stereo signal. It must do this without introducing any new distortions and noise. Most analog mixers do a pretty good job, but even with the best designs, nonlinear effects caused by circuit components are unavoidable.

In the digital realm, audio mixing consists of adding and multiplying the binary numbers that represent audio signals. The 02R uses a 32-bit DSP (Digital Signal Processor) chip for these calculations, ensuring a very high degree of precision. Once past the analog-to-digital conversion, audio signals are essentially immune from standard signal degradation. With the 02R, noise, distortion, and crosstalk are virtually eliminated. You'll hear a new clarity in your mixes.

Once in the digital realm, there's little point converting back to analog. The 02R features stereo digital outputs for direct mixdown to DAT and other digital recorders. It uses the industry standards AES/EBU or IEC958 Part2 (Consumer) for its digital inputs and outputs. With one of the optional digital I/O cards installed in your 02R, you can record direct-to-digital to your modular digital multitrack recorder.

Digital Recording Console 02R Sonic Performance

The Digital Recording Console 02R uses linear 20-bit 64-times oversampling analog-to-digital converters to provide a typical dynamic range of 105dB . This means that an audio program's dynamic range, from low to high levels, is processed intact. The 02R samples audio at 44.1kHz , the commercial sampling rate for compact discs, and at 48kHz , the professional sampling rate. It provides a full spectrum frequency response of 20Hz to 20kHz + 1 , -3dB .

For digital-to-analog conversion, the 02R features 20-bit 8-times oversampling for its main stereo outputs, including the control room monitor outputs, and 18-bit 8-times oversampling for the studio and auxiliary send outputs. Oversampling and bitstream techniques effectively increase the internal sampling rate, so side effects caused by steep low-pass filters, which are used to filter out undesirable sampling frequency components during digital-to-analog conversion, are virtually eliminated.

Consequently, audio signal integrity is maintained from input through to output.

2

Getting Started

In this chapter...

Basic Assumptions. 14
Making the Connections. 14
Basic Setup 15
Power ON/OFF. 16
Setting the Synchronization 16
Recall Scene Memory 0. 17

Basic Assumptions

The Digital Recording Console 02R was designed to be the perfect digital mixing console for a studio using the current generation of modular digital multitrack tape and disk recorders. Although the 02R can also be used as a sound-reinforcement mixer, the typical user will own a project recording or post-production studio with some form of multitrack recorder. Therefore, your 02R will probably be equipped with one or more of the optional input/output cards. For the purposes of these tutorials, it does not matter if you are working with an analog or digital multitrack.

What You Will Need

To perform the following tutorials, you will need:

The 02R.
- A sound source: CD player, drum machine, synthesizer/sequencer with demo song.
- Amplifiers and speakers, or headphones.
- A multitrack recorder and a stereo master recorder.
Audio connecting cables.

Making the Connections

WARNING! Before making any connections, make sure that all your equipment is powered OFF.

1. Connect your sound source to input channel 1.
   If you are using a stereo sound source, connect it to input channel 2 as well. A stereo source is not essential, and for most of the tutorials it will probably be easier to work with just one channel. If your sound source has XLR-type connectors, connect it to the XLR-type connectors on the 02R. Otherwise, use the phone jacks and select INPUT B with the [A/B] switch.
2. Connect the C-R MONITOR OUT connectors to the inputs on your power amplifier.

If you are using headphones, connect them to the PHONES jack.

1. Connect your multitrack recorder to the appropriate optional input/output card.

WARNING! The Digital Recording Console 02R should be connected only to an AC receptacle of the voltage type marked on its rear panel.

You can also connect your stereo master recorder to either the digital or analog STEREO OUT connectors.
4. Plug the 02R into a suitable AC receptacle.

Basic Setup

The following illustration shows how to set up a minimal system that will allow you to perform the following tutorials.

Power ON/OFF

This section explains how to power the Digital Recording Console 02R on and off.

Power ON

It is always important to observe the correct order for powering up equipment in a studio. Always start with the multitrack and mastering recorders and the signal processors, then the 02R, and finally the monitoring amplifiers and other downstream gear.

1. Turn ON the power to the 02R by pressing the POWER switch on the back panel.

The 02R start-up screen appears for a few seconds, the faders initialize themselves, then the screen that was used when the 02R was last powered off appears.

Power OFF

It is always important to observe the correct order for powering up equipment in a studio. Always start with the monitoring amplifiers and other downstream gear, then the 02R, and finally the multitrack and mastering recorders and the signal processors.

1. Turn OFF the power to the 02R by pressing the POWER switch on the back panel.

All mix settings, mix scenes, and other data are stored when the 02R is powered off.

Setting the Synchronization

Before you use the 02R with a modular digital multitrack recorder or DAT master recorder, be sure to correctly set the synchronization. The 02R must be slaved to an external wordclock in order to process the input digital signals without drop-out or distortion. Refer to the section "Word Clock Select" on page 154 of the User's Guide.

Look in the chapter "Installing Options" on page 171 of the User's Guide. There is a section for each of the optional digital I/O cards that the 02R supports. Refer to the appropriate section for the card installed in your unit.

Recall Scene Memory 0

Before you start the tutorials, you should set the 02R to its initial mixer settings.

1. Use the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons to select scene memory 0 "0 Initial Data".
2. Press the (RECALL) button.

This is a read-only scene memory that contains the default settings for the system. The 02R will be reset to its initial settings.

Note: It is best to start at the beginning of each tutorial and work your way through, taking breaks as required. If you deviate too far from the tutorial, or jump into a tutorial halfway through, you may find that subsequent tutorial steps do not work as expected. Also note that the tutorials do not explain all Digital Recording Console 02R functions, nor do they serve as a substitute for the User's Guide explanations. For full details on all 02R functions, refer to the User's Guide.

3

Introductory Recording Tutorial

In this chapter...

Setting the Input Level 20
Applying EQ 24
Using the EQUALIZER Library 30
Routing 35
Panning. 38

Setting the Input Level

Assuming that Digital Recording Console 02R is powered ON and your music source is playing, the very first thing you need to do is set up a basic control room monitor mix. When you recall Scene Memory 0 "0 Initial Data", all the channel faders are set to the 0 dB mark.

Setting Fader Levels

If the faders are not set to 0dB , you should perform the following steps to optimize the input signal level for the best performance:

1. Set the fader for MIC/LINE 1 to the 0 dB mark.

The 0 dB fader position is a good place to start when setting fader levels. It is a good setting with regard to signal level and noise performance and it leaves room for you to raise the level later, if necessary.

2. Set the STEREO fader to the 0 dB mark.

The stereo output meters are indicating the stereo output level. The stereomix signal is now being output to the digital and analog STEREO OUT connectors.

Selecting a Monitor Source

Before you can hear anything through your monitor amplifier and speakers, you have to select a Control Room source:

1. Press the (ST) button of the CONTROL ROOM buttons group.

This selects the stereo bus for monitoring in the control room.

2. Adjust the volume with the C-R LEVEL control.

You should be able to hear the sound source through your monitor speakers. If you are using stereo headphones, you will need to adjust the PHONES LEVEL control to set a comfortable listening level.

Note: Be very careful with the level settings, especially if you are using stereo headphones. When you are adjusting a unit as complex as the Digital Recording Console 02R, it is possible for you to inadvertently switch on a very loud signal source. Damaged loudspeakers or amplifiers can be very expensive. Damage to your hearing can be much worse. Your ears are for life!

Setting the GAIN

1. Press the (METER) button.

The METER Display function appears showing the signal level for MIC/LINE 1.

2. Press the (SEL) button for MIC/LINE 1.

You are now monitoring the input channel MIC/LINE 1.

3. If the sound is distorted, the PEAK indicator is illuminated, or the level is going up to CLIP, press the 20dB (pad) switch to attenuate the input signal for MIC/LINE 1.

You usually need to pad (attenuate) the input signal when you connect a line level device, such as a synthesizer or an effects unit to the channel. If you connect a microphone, you should not need to pad the signal.

If you want to use a very high impedance device, such as a guitar or bass guitar, you should insert a direct box or effects processor between the guitar and the 02R – or you should mike the guitar amplifier.

Note: The stereo input channels (LINE 17 through 24) accept line level signals only.

4. Use the GAIN control for MIC/LINE 1 to optimize the signal level.

Ideally the level should be set relatively high to obtain the best signal-to-noise performance. It is acceptable for the PEAK indicator to occasionally illuminate but the signal levels should not reach CLIP. If the PEAK indicator illuminates constantly, the signal is overloading the input preamplifier and you may be able to hear analog clipping distortion. When CLIP is reached, you will experience digital clipping distortion, which is usually very unpleasant sounding.

Back off the GAIN control a little until the PEAK indicator illuminates very occasionally. The GAIN control should be set with some care. If it is set too low, the signal-to-noise performance will suffer, and if it is set too high, signal clipping and distortion may occur.

/ ATT Display Function

The signal level may be too high in the digital domain. If CLIP is reached, but the corresponding PEAK indicator is not illuminated, you need to attenuate the channel slightly with the /ATT display function.

1. Press the (Ø/ATT) button.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the attenuator icon for MIC/LINE 1 and rotate the encoder wheel to adjust the attenuation level.

The / ATT display function allows you to attenuate (and invert the phase) of a signal after it has been converted to digital data.

Note: You should rarely find it necessary to use the / ATT function on an input signal after the gain level has been correctly set, but you may need to attenuate after you apply equalization, effects, or dynamics to the signal.

Peak Hold

1. If you used the /ATT display function, press the (METER) button again.

The 02R will return to the METER display function.

1. You may find the Peak Hold function useful at this point. To turn it on, use the CURSOR buttons to select the PEAK HOLD control icon and press (ENTER). When the Peak Hold function is active, the control icon is displayed in reverse video.

The peak level is indicated by an empty square box. Peak Hold is very useful for level checking before recording. You can leave a mix to play through unattended while Peak Hold watches out for signal peaks. If any levels reach CLIP, back off the relevant GAIN control or use the /ATT display function to attenuate the signal and run through the mix again.

Note: The Peak Hold function also works on the stereo output meters and controls the optional meter bridge (MB02).

3. To clear the Peak Hold levels, select the PEAK HOLD control icon with the CURSOR buttons and press (ENTER).

When you clear the Peak Hold levels, it also clears the peaks from the stereo output meters.

Typically, you will be using more than just one input channel, so you will need to set the input signal level for each channel individually. Since it is relatively easy to set them at this point, take time and care. If you have to adjust them later in the mixing process, you may need to adjust the faders, auxiliary sends, and other levels, as well.

Channel ON/OFF

The channel [ON] buttons are used to turn channels ON or OFF. This function is sometimes called MUTE. When you recall Scene Memory 0 "0 Initial Data", all the channels are turned ON.

1. Press the channel (ON) button for MIC/LINE 1.

The sound is cut and the LED inset in the [ON] button switches off.

Note: Even though you can no longer hear the sound source, the meter for MIC/LINE 1 continues to be displayed on the screen. This is because the meter signal is sourced before the [ON] button.

2. Press the (ON) button again to turn the channel back ON.

The LED inset in the [ON] button illuminates again and you will be able to hear the sound source again.

SCENE MEMORY LED

The 2-digit (7-segment) LED shows the currently selected SCENE MEMORY program. It also contains the Edit Indicator, which will start flashing when you adjust the first digital parameter of the current scene memory. See "Scene Memories" on page 62 of the Getting Started Guide.

Applying EQ

The next step is to apply equalization to MIC/LINE 1.

The Digital Recording Console 02R has a four-band fully parametric equalizer, with variable bandwidth (Q), frequency (F), and gain (G). The power of the 02R user interface means that there are two ways of adjusting the equalization for MIC/LINE 1.

One method is to use the EQUALIZER display function.

The more convenient method is to use the buttons and controls of the EQUALIZER block of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust a control of the EQUALIZER block of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls, the EQUALIZER display function automatically appears on the screen. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information. The default setting is to automatically display the EQUALIZER screen.

This tutorial will describe the operation of the EQUALIZER display function, even though it will be immediately obvious to you that using the dedicated buttons and controls of the EQUALIZER block of the SELECTED CHANNEL group is the more convenient method. The purpose of this tutorial is to show you how to use the 02R.

For consistency, the tutorials will focus on the display functions, but you should use the dedicated controls of the SELECTED CHANNEL group as much as you can.

Turning the Equalizer ON/OFF

1. Press the (SEL) button for MIC/LINE 1.

When you press the [SEL] button for a channel, the LED and numeric indicators of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls change to reflect the status of the channel you pressed.

2. Press the (EQ) button.

The EQUALIZER display function appears showing the equalization curve and settings for MIC/LINE 1.

3. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the EQ ON icon.

If the equalizer is ON, the icon will be highlighted in reverse video. The LED inset in the [EQ ON] button of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER block controls will also be illuminated.

4. To switch the status of the EQ, either press the (ENTER) button or the (EQ ON) button.

The ON icon will change to OFF and will no longer be displayed in reverse video. The LED inset in the [EQ ON] button will no longer be illuminated.

If you turned the equalizer OFF, switch it ON again.

Setting the Gain

1. Select the gain (G) icon for the LOW band using the CURSOR buttons.

The icon will be surrounded by a flashing grey box, indicating that this is the active element on the screen. Alternatively, you can press the [LOW/HPF] button of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls.

2. Rotate the encoder wheel clockwise to boost the gain.

You can also adjust the "G" rotary encoder of the EQUALIZER controls to achieve the same effect.

The gain increases in 0.5 dB steps and the EQ curve on the display changes to reflect this.

3. Rotate the encoder wheel counterclockwise to reduce the gain.

You can also adjust the "G" rotary encoder to reduce the gain. The gain decreases in 0.5 dB steps.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the gain (G) icon for the L-MID band and adjust its level with the encoder wheel. Select the other bands as well.

You can also select the different bands using the [L-MID], [H-MID], and [HIGH/LPF] buttons of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls.

Note: Applying a lot of EQ boost may increase the signal level sufficiently to cause distortion. If this does occur, reduce the amount of EQ boost or adjust the attenuation level to compensate (the ATT control icon). You can switch back to the METER display function and select POST EQ to monitor the signal levels.

Note: You can reset the gain of each band to 0.0 dB by double-clicking the corresponding [LOW/HPF], [L-MID], [H-MID], or [HIGH/LPF] buttons of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls.

Setting the Frequency

1. Select the frequency (F) icon for the LOW band using the CURSOR buttons.
2. Use the encoder wheel to sweep through the frequency range.

You can also adjust the "F" rotary encoder of the EQUALIZER controls to achieve the same effect.

All four bands of the 02R parametric equalizer cover virtually the entire audio spectrum, from 21Hz to 20.1kHz . Although they are labelled LOW, L-MID, H-MID, and HIGH, the frequency of the bands can actually be in any order.

Note: If your 02R is busy processing some complex data, it may take a little while to draw the equalization curve. However, the internal EQ circuits reflect your adjustments immediately.

Note: As well as the frequency value in Hz displayed under the icon and on the numeric LED in the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls, the dotted vertical line on the EQ graph indicates the current frequency position.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the frequency (F) icon for the L-MID band and adjust its position with the encoder wheel. Select the other bands and adjust their frequency.

You can also select the different bands using the [L-MID], [H-MID], and [HIGH/LPF] buttons of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls. Adjust the "F" rotary encoder for each band.

Setting the Bandwidth

The L-MID and H-MID bands are peaking type equalizers. The LOW and HIGH bands are initially configured as shelving type equalizers, however, they can also be configured as peaking type equalizers. The LOW band can also be configured as a HPF (high-pass filter) and the HIGH band as a LPF (low-pass filter).

1. Select the bandwidth (Q) icon for the LOW band using the CURSOR buttons.
2. Use the encoder wheel to sweep through the bandwidth.

You can also adjust the "Q" rotary encoder of the EQUALIZER controls to achieve the same effect.

The LOW band changes from low-shelving to peaking to high-pass filter as you continue to rotate the encoder wheel.

1. As you rotate the encoder wheel counterclockwise, it effectively increases the Q - narrowing the bandwidth, as shown on the EQ graph.

A narrow curve is useful for boosting or cutting specific frequencies.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the bandwidth (Q) icon for the L-MID band and adjust its position with the encoder wheel. Select and adjust the bandwidth of the other bands.

You can also select the different bands using the [L-MID], [H-MID], and [HIGH/LPF] buttons of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls. Adjust the "Q" rotary encoder for each band.

The HIGH band changes from high-shelving to peaking to low-pass filter as you adjust its value.

Resetting the Equalizer

1. Press and hold the (LOW/HPF) button and then press the (HIGH/LPF) button of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls.

All equalizer values will be reset to their defaults.

	LOW/HPF	L-MID	H-MID	HIGH/LPF
Q	LOW SHELF	Peak - 0.7	Peak - 0.7	HIGH SHELF
F	125 Hz	1.00 kHz	4.00 kHz	10.0 kHz
G	0 dB	0 dB	0 dB	0 dB

Using the EQUALIZER Library

The Equalizer Library is used to access and store EQ settings – stored as programs. There are 32 preset programs (1 to 32) for you to recall and 96 user programs (33 to 128 plus UNDO) for you to store your own EQ settings. First you need to know how to recall EQ programs, then how to store your own.

Note: The programs 33 to 40 contain preset programs and are listed in the "Equalizer Programs" on page 52 of the User's Guide. However, you can store your own setting to these programs.

Recalling an EQ Program

1. Press the (EQ) button. Select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

A faster method of selecting the EQUALIZER Library display function is by pressing the [EQ] button a second time.

The EQUALIZER Library display function appears on the screen.

The top of the display shows the current equalization curve for the selected channel and a level meter for the channel and its adjacent pair.

2. Press the (SEL) button for MIC/LINE 1.

This step is only necessary to make sure you are still working with the same channel you started with.

3. Select the RECALL icon with the CURSOR buttons.

In order to scroll through the list of EQ programs, the cursor must be on the STORE, RECALL, COPY, or PASTE icons.

4. Use the encoder wheel to select an EQ program.

As the 02R scrolls through the list of EQ programs, a small diagram of the response curve of the highlighted EQ program is shown to the right of the list.

5. Press the (ENTER) button.

The EQ program is recalled. The equalization curve for MIC/LINE 1 is set accordingly. The equalization curve at the top of the display is replaced by the new curve you selected.

Your sound source is modified by the program you recalled. If the sound doesn't change, check if you have left the EQ ON switch turned OFF in the EQUALIZER display function. You can also quickly check if the LED inset in the EQ ON button of the SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER controls is illuminated or not.

6. Select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The faster method of exiting from the EQUALIZER Library display function is by pressing the [EQ] button again.

The EQUALIZER display function reappears showing the new equalization curve for MIC/LINE 1. You can see the details of the new EQ settings.

Undoing a Recall

If you decided you did not want to replace the current equalization curve with the program you selected from the EQ library, you can recall the previous curve.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon and rotate the encoder wheel until program "U" is highlighted.
   Program "U" is the UNDO buffer. It always contains the last curve that was applied to a channel.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon and press (ENTER).

The original equalization curve is recalled.

Note: The curve you first recalled and then used UNDO to replace is now itself in the UNDO buffer.

Storing an EQ Program

Before you store an equalization curve, you need to create it using the EQUALIZER display function. Set the EQ parameters as detailed in the steps starting from "Setting the Gain" on page 25 of the Getting Started Guide.

1. Select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

It is still faster to select the EQUALIZER Library display function by pressing the [EQ] button again.

The EQUALIZER Library display function appears on the screen with your new equalization curve at the top of the display.

2. Select the STORE icon with the CURSOR buttons.

In order to scroll through the list of EQ programs, the cursor must be on the STORE, RECALL, COPY, or PASTE icons.

3. Use the encoder wheel to select an EQ program.

If you select one of the preset programs (1 to 32), an error message will flash on the screen when you attempt to store your program. Select a program from the 96 user programs (33 to 128).

You cannot store your settings to program "U" (the UNDO buffer) either.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the TITLE EDIT box.

5. Select the individual character positions with the CURSOR buttons and rotate the encoder wheel to select the characters.

You can create a name of up to 16 characters long. It can contain any of the following characters:

!

“

#

$

%

&

'

(

)

*

+

,

-

.

/

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

:

;

<

=

>

?

@

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

[

\

]

^

_

`

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

{

|

}

~

Move the cursor to the first character position with the CURSOR buttons. Rotate the encoder to select the desired character. Move the cursor to the second character position and repeat.

You can select the "INS." control icon to insert a space (blank) at the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The "DEL." control icon is used to delete the character under the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box.

Note: The "COPY" and "PASTE" control icons allow you to select the title from another EQ program and paste it into your program. These icons only copy the title. See "Control Icons" on page 54 of the User's Guide.

6. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the STORE icon and press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected EQ program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

Note: You can customize your 02R to prevent the confirmation popup from appearing during STORE operations. In this case, the program is stored without confirmation. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The EQ program is stored.

Note: If you decide you don't like an EQ program after you have stored it, it is very easy to overwrite it by creating new settings and storing them to the same location. Conversely, it is also very easy to accidentally overwrite a valued EQ program.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

Routing

This tutorial assumes you have a multitrack recorder and you have connected it to your Digital Recording Console 02R – after having one or more of the optional input/output cards installed:

• Alesis ADAT (CD8-AT) – This single slot card supports an 8-channel ADAT compatible modular digital multitrack recorder. It provides eight input channels and eight output channels. You can insert as many as four of these cards in the 02R.
• TASCAM TDIF-1 (CD8-TDII) – This single slot card supports an 8-channel TASCAM modular digital multitrack recorder. It provides eight input channels and eight output channels. You can insert as many as four of these cards in the 02R.
• YAMAHA (CD8-Y) - This single slot card supports an 8-channel YAMAHA modular digital multitrack recorder. It provides eight input channels and eight output channels. You can insert as many as four of these cards in the 02R.
• AES/EBU (CD8-AE double slot card, CD8-AE-S single solt card) – These cards support an 8-channel AES/EBU compatible modular digital multitrack recorder (such as the Akai DD1500 series). They provide eight input channels and eight output channels.
• Analog AD/DA (CD8-AD) – This double slot card supports any 8-channel analog multitrack recorder. It provides eight input channels and eight output channels. You can only insert two of these cards in the 02R.

The 02R allows you to route the first 16 MIC/LINE channels directly to an output. If you have the correct configuration, this means you can send direct outputs to a 16-track recorder (for example, two paired ADAT compatible modular digital multitrack recorders).

You can route any channel to one of the eight output buses. The buses feed to each of the four 8-track I/O slots in the back of the 02R. You can also route any channel to the stereo bus.

When you recall Scene Memory 0 "0 Initial Data", all the channels are routed to the stereo bus.

Using the ROUTING Display Function

Similar to the equalization function, there are two ways of adjusting the routing for MIC/LINE 1.

One method is to use the ROUTING display function.

The more convenient method is to use the buttons of the ROUTING block of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls.

Note: You can customize the 02R so that when you press a button in the ROUTING block of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls, the ROUTING display function automatically appears on the screen. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

Selecting the Routing

1. Press the (ROUTING) button.

The ROUTING display function appears showing the selected routes for MIC/LINE 1.

2. Use the ROUTING buttons of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls to select the routes for MIC/LINE 1.

As you press the ROUTING buttons, the LED inset in the button illuminates and the corresponding icon on the ROUTING display function screen changes to reverse video.

You can also select the routes by using the CURSOR buttons to move to the desired route icon and pressing the [ENTER] button.

Note: When you select a route, the signal from the channel will be routed to the selected bus. The output from that bus will appear at the corresponding outputs of all the I/O cards installed in the 02R. The only exception is when you are using I/O cards in slots 1 and 2 for direct output. See "Routing" on page 39 of the User's Guide for further details.

Panning

Similar to the equalization and routing functions, there are two ways of adjusting the pan for MIC/LINE 1.

One method is to use the PAN display function.

The more convenient method is to use the buttons and controls of the PAN block of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust a control of the PAN block of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls, the PAN display function automatically appears on the screen. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

With a recording mixer like the Digital Recording Console 02R, you can send more effort building your monitor mix than would be worthwhile on a conventional analog mixer. Rather than labouriously having to reset all those parameters again for your mixdown, with the 02R you simply save the settings in a scene memory for instant recall.

Pan settings are also important when you are recording a signal to a pair of buses and want to create a balance between the buses – for example, when you close-mic a drum kit.

Adjusting the Pan

1. Press the (PAN) button.

The PAN display function appears.

PAN

2. Press the (SEL) button for MIC/LINE 1 and rotate the pan rotary encoder.

The LED inset in the [L/ODD] button will be illuminated. The current pan position is indicated on the adjacent LED bargraph. As an alternative, you can use the CURSOR buttons to select the PAN icon for MIC/LINE 1 and rotate the encoder wheel until the desired value is shown.

You can adjust the pan position from extreme right/even (R16) through the centre (C) to extreme left/odd (L16). There are 33 pan positions to choose from.

Pairing Channels

You can pair the pan controls of two adjacent channels. Linking channels together is called GANG mode, and provides simultaneous pan adjustment

1. Press the (SEL) button for MIC/LINE 1.

You can also select the MIC/LINE 1 icon using the CURSOR buttons.

2. Press the (ENTER) button to connect the channels together.

You can also connect the channels together by simultaneously pressing the [L/ODD] and [R/EVEN] buttons of the PAN block of the SELECTED CHANNEL group.

The GANG is indicated by a pair of dotted lines linking the top and bottom of the pan control icons as shown in the following illustration:

When you adjust one channel, the linked channel will also move by a corresponding amount. For further details, see "Stereo-Pair Pans" on page 37 of the User's Guide.

4

Secondary Recording Tutorial

In this chapter...

Auxiliary Send Channels 42
Setting the Auxiliary Send Level. 43
Creating a Monitor Mix 45
Applying Effects 46
Recalling and Editing Effects 49
Patching in a Dynamics Processor 54
Using the Dynamics Library 57
Scene Memories 62

Auxiliary Send Channels

The Digital Recording Console 02R has eight auxiliary send channels.

AUX7 and AUX8 are used to feed the internal effects processors, with the signal remaining entirely in the digital domain.

The other auxiliary sends – AUX1 through AUX6 – can be used to feed external signal processors and effects units, foldback amplifiers, or multitrack recording equipment. AUX5 and AUX6 can also be used to construct a monitor mix and routed directly to either the studio or control room monitors. When a send is used to feed an external effects processor, the processed signal can be returned via one of the stereo input channels or an unused input channel.

There are two different ways to access the auxiliary send channels:

DISPLAY ACCESS - AUX buttons

These buttons access the Display Functions that set the auxiliary send levels for the recording console.

• The [AUX 1] to [AUX 6] buttons set the auxiliary send levels to the corresponding auxiliary bus. You can also select whether to send the signal pre or post fader.
• The [AUX 7] and [AUX 8] buttons also set the send levels to the corresponding auxiliary bus and can be sent pre or post fader. These two sends are routed to the internal effects unit. Therefore, the buttons also allow you to select and set the effects parameters.

When you press any one of these buttons, the faders switch from controlling the input levels to controlling the auxiliary send levels.

SELECTED CHANNEL - AUX controls

These buttons and controls set the auxiliary send levels for the currently selected channel.

• The [AUX 1] to [AUX 8] buttons allow you to select the auxiliary buses you want to send the selected channel signal to.
• The SEND LEVEL rotary encoder is used to set the level - indicated by the adjacent LED bargraph.
• The [ON] button is used to turn the send on or off.

Setting the Auxiliary Send Level

The following example shows setting the send level for MIC/LINE 1 to the first auxiliary channel, AUX1.

AUX 1

1. Press the (AUX 1) button.

The AUX1 display function appears:

FADER STATUS

0 INPUT

▼ AUX

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

The faders change from channel level controls to auxiliary send level controls. To indicate the change, the AUX LED of the FADER STATUS indicator will illuminate. The number indicator corresponding to the current AUX button (in this case, AUX1) is also illuminated. The faders will automatically relocate from their channel level positions to the auxiliary send level positions.

Note: Avoid blocking the fader movements when the faders relocate to their auxiliary send positions by placing objects on the 02R. It is possible to damage the faders.

Although the faders have moved to the auxiliary send level positions, the 02R remembers the channel signal levels. You will still be able to hear the signal.

2. Select MIC/LINE 1 using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.

Turn the auxiliary send on by pressing the [AUX 1] button and then the [ON] button in the AUX group of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls. The default is for the send to be ON, therefore this step is not usually required.

Note: In order to change the auxiliary send status from on to off, you must first select the send channel with the corresponding button of the SELECTED CHANNEL - AUX controls

3. To change the auxiliary send from post to pre fader, press the (ENTER) button.

The PRE icon becomes the POST icon and is highlighted in reverse video when the signal is pre-fader.

4. To change the signal level, adjust the fader for MIC/LINE 1 until the desired value is obtained.

You can use the rotary encoders for the tape returns or press the [FLIP] button. Then the tape return channels can be operated by the faders. The effect returns can only be adjusted with the rotary encoders.

You can also use the SEND LEVEL encoder in the AUX group of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls. You must press the corresponding [AUX 1] button to make certain you are adjusting the signal level for the correct auxiliary channel.

Note: In order to adjust the auxiliary send level with the SEND LEVEL encoder, you must first select the send channel with the corresponding button of the SELECTED CHANNEL - AUX controls

Creating a Monitor Mix

The Digital Recording Console 02R has two different monitoring outputs – the control room outputs and the studio outputs – plus, of course, the PHONES output (which are a duplicate of the control room output).

During a multitrack recording session, what you want to listen to in the control room is often very different from what the musicians need in the studio. For example, while recording a rhythm section, the bass player and the drummer may want to hear the kick drum at a much higher volume than you need in the control room.

To cater to this requirement, the 02R allows you to create a monaural monitor mix using either AUX5 or AUX6 or a stereo mix using both AUX5 and AUX6.

Monitor Mix Process

The process for creating the monitor mix is similar to the steps as detailed starting from "Setting the Auxiliary Send Level" on page 43 of the Getting Started Guide

1. Press the (AUX 5) button.
2. Select MIC/LINE 1 using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.

Turn the auxiliary send on by pressing the [AUX 5] button and then the [ON] button in the AUX group of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls.

You should leave the send pre-fader. This will allow the musicians to continue to hear each other independently of anything you may be doing in the control room.

1. Press the (AUX 5) button of the STUDIO buttons group.

You should also press the [AUX 5] button of the CONTROL ROOM buttons group so you can hear the results of adjusting the levels.

1. Adjust the fader for MIC/LINE 1 until the desired signal level is obtained.

Use the Talkback system to check with your musicians, to see if they are content with the signal levels you have set. When you finish setting the studio monitor levels, press the [ST] button of the CONTROL ROOM buttons group for monitoring in the control room.

Applying Effects

The Digital Recording Console 02R features two internal multi-effects stereo processors: Effect1 and Effect2. These are fed by AUX7 and AUX8, and the processed signals are returned via EFF1 RTN and EFF2 RTN, respectively. When you use the internal effects, the signal gets processed without ever leaving the digital domain.

Effects can be applied to input channels or the tape return channels. Effects are organized into programs. There are 40 preset effects programs (1 through 40) and 88 user effects programs (41 through 128 plus an UNDO buffer) for you to store your own settings.

Setting the Send Levels

The process for applying effects is similar to the steps as detailed in "Setting the Auxiliary Send Level" on page 43 of the Getting Started Guide. The following example shows applying effects to MIC/LINE 1 using the auxiliary channel, AUX7.

1. Press the (AUX 7) button.

The AUX7 display function appears:

Note: If one of the effects edit screens appears, press the [AUX 7] button again until the channel levels screen appears.

The faders will automatically relocate from the channel level positions to the auxiliary send level positions. Even though the fader has changed positions, the 02R remembers the channel signal levels and you can still hear the sound.

Note: Avoid blocking the fader movements when the faders relocate to their auxiliary send positions by placing objects on the 02R. It is possible to damage the faders.

1. Select MIC/LINE 1 using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.

Turn the auxiliary send on by pressing the [AUX 7] button and then the [ON] button in the AUX group of the SELECTED CHANNEL controls.

1. Press the (ENTER) button to change the auxiliary send from pre to post fader.

Sends to the effects are usually post fader. This means the the signal level feed into the effects processor to follow the "dry" channel level.

1. Adjust the fader for MIC/LINE 1 until the desired signal level is obtained.

Adjusting the Effect Return

The effect return channel is similar to one of the input channels except that it has no analog component, and therefore no gain or input pad need to be applied. Otherwise the steps are similar to those starting with "Setting the GAIN" on page 21 of the Getting Started Guide.

The easiest way of applying all the required adjustments is to select the View display function. This allows you to see all the parameters of the channel on one screen, while you can still use the dedicated buttons and controls of the SELECTED CHANNEL group.

VIEW

1. Press the (VIEW) button and press the (SEL) button for EFF 1 RTN.

The VIEW display function for the effect return channel EFF 1 RTN appears:

1. If the sound is distorted or the level is constantly going up to CLIP, use the CURSOR buttons to select the /ATT icon. Adjust the level with the encoder wheel.

As the effect return signal is entirely digital, if CLIP is reached, you will experience digital clipping distortion.

Note: In many cases, clipping in the effect return channel is caused by the send level being too high. You may need to adjust the send levels as well as the attenuation if you experience clipping.

1. Select the PAN icon with the CURSOR buttons and set the pan position using the encoder wheel.

Note: Setting the pan position, routing and equalization can all be done quickly and easily with the dedicated controls of the SELECTED CHANNEL block.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the ROUTING icons. Press the (ENTER) button to select routes for the effect return signal.

By default (assuming you are still working with Scene Memory 0 "0 Initial Data") the effect return channel is routed to the stereo bus.

Note: Although you cannot route the effect return channel to the direct outputs, you can route it to the same bus that the input channel is routed to, allowing you to record the effect together with the input signal.

Many engineers prefer to add effects only during the final mix. It is very easy to apply effects, but difficult to remove it once it has been recorded. You may want to send the effect to the monitor mix, however, especially when recording a vocalist – many vocalists dislike hearing their voice "dry" in the monitors.

1. Select the EQ graph with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will automatically switch to the EQUALIZER display function. Follow the steps detailed in "Applying EQ" on page 24 of the Getting Started Guide to set the equalization for the effect return channel EFF 1 RTN.

Note: Many engineers prefer to hold off applying EQ to a recording until they are ready to mixdown. Again, it is much easier to apply EQ than to subsequently remove it.

Recalling and Editing Effects

Once you have applied effects to MIC/LINE 1, you need to know how to recall effects programs from the effects library and to adjust their parameters in order to create your own effect programs.

Recalling Effects Programs

1. Press the (AUX 7) button until the Effect Edit screen appears:

The parameters of the currently selected effects program are displayed on this screen. You will see the library (LIB) icon, an effects curve or icon (depending on the selected effect), and a level meter for the effects return stereo pair, as well as control icons for adjusting the parameters.

2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the LIB icon and press the (ENTER) button.

The Effect Library screen appears:

(You can also press the [AUX 7] button again to get to this screen.)

3. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon. Rotate the encoder wheel to select an effects program.

The 02R will scroll through the available effects programs. The program that is highlighted is the program that will be recalled when you press the [ENTER] button.

4. Press the (ENTER) button.

The effects program is recalled.

If you attempt to recall a user program that is empty, the 02R will flash an error message, indicating that the selected memory location is not available for recall.

Editing Effects

You can edit the preset effects programs and then store them as user effects programs. The 02R has 40 preset programs (1 through 40). Some are simple variations of a basic effect, for example, different types of reverb and delay (echo) are available.

Select the preset effects program that is closest to the effect you are trying to achieve and edit its parameters.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the LIB icon and press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will return to the Effect Edit screen:

You can also press the [AUX 7] button to get to this screen. This button allows you to access the auxiliary send levels, the effects editing, and the effects library screens. You may need to press it several times before the 02R will return to the Effect Edit screen.

2. Select the various parameter icons with the CURSOR buttons. Adjust the value with the encoder wheel.

As you adjust the parameters, you should listen carefully to the results. Some of the parameters of some of the effects are very subtle in their effect, others are quite obvious.

After you have modified the effects program to your satisfaction, you are ready to store it:

Storing a User Effect

The Digital Recording Console 02R has 88 user effects program locations (41 through 128) for you to store your own settings. You can store your effects program in the Effect Library, or you can just rely on the 02R scene memory to recall your settings. The following instructions show you how to store your program in the library.

1. Select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The Effect Library screen appears:

2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the TITLE EDIT box:

3. Select the individual character positions with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select the characters.

You can create a name of up to 16 characters long. It can contain any of the following characters:

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Move the cursor to the first character position with the CURSOR buttons. Rotate the encoder to select the desired character. Move the cursor to the second character position and repeat:

You can select the "INS." control icon to insert a space (blank) at the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The "DEL." control icon is used to delete the character under the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box.

Note: The "COPY" and "PASTE" control icons allow you to select the title from another effects program and paste it into your program for subsequent editing. These icons only copy the title. See "Control Icons" on page 96 of the User's Guide.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the STORE icon. Rotate the encoder wheel to select an effects program.

If you select one of the preset programs (1 to 40), an error message, "Preset is read only!", will flash on the screen when you attempt to store your program. Select a program from the 88 user programs (41 to 128).

You cannot store your settings to program "U" (the UNDO buffer) either.

5. Press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected effects program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

Note: You can customize your 02R to prevent the confirmation popup from appearing during STORE operations. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The effects program is stored.

Note: If you decide you do not like an effects program after you have stored it, it is very easy to overwrite it by creating new settings and storing them to the same location. Conversely, it is also very easy to accidentally overwrite a valued effects program.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

Patching in a Dynamics Processor

The Digital Recording Console 02R features comprehensive dynamics processors for all the channel inputs, tape returns, and stereo and bus outputs. These processors allow you to compress, expand, compress/expand (compand), gate, or duck the signals passing through the mixer.

The dynamics processors are generally used to correct or control signal levels, giving you unparalleled sonic quality and flexibility. You can also use them creatively to shape the volume envelope of a sound.

Compressor

A compressor provides a form of automatic level control. It attenuates high levels, thus effectively reducing the dynamic range, making it much easier to control signals and set appropriate fader levels. Reducing the dynamic range also means that recording levels can be set higher, therefore improving the signal-to-noise performance.

Limiting is an extreme form of compression, where the output signal is sharply attenuated so that it cannot exceed a particular level.

Expander

An expander is another form of automatic level control. By attenuating the signal below the threshold, the expander reduces low-level noise or expands the dynamic range of the recorded material.

Compander

A compander is a compressor/expander - a combination of signal compression and expansion. The compander attenuates the input signal above the threshold as well as the level below the width. For very dynamic material, this program allows you to retain the dynamic range without having to be concerned with excessive output signal levels and clipping.

Gate and Ducking

A gate, or noise gate is an audio switch used to mute signals below a set threshold level. It can be used to suppress background noise and hiss from valve (tube) amps, effects pedals, and microphones.

Ducking is used to automatically reduce signal levels when the level of a source signal exceeds a specified threshold. It is used for voice-over applications where, for example, level of background music is automatically reduced, allowing an announcer to be heard clearly.

Compressing the Stereo Output

You can apply dynamics to the input channels, for example, the channel you have used throughout these tutorials – MIC/LINE 1. The selection of dynamics program would depend on the input material: a gate for a noisy guitar amp, a compressor for an unpredictable vocalist, and so on.

In this case, apply a compressor to the stereo bus to add punch to the output signal. You can hear the effect by monitoring the stereo bus with the control room buttons.

1. Press the (DYNAMICS) button.

The DYNAMICS display function appears:

2. Press the (SEL) button for STEREO.

Note: If one of the icons B1 through B8 in the KEY IN section of the display is highlighted in reverse video, it means the corresponding output bus is selected. To select the stereo bus, move the cursor to the STEREO icon using the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.

By default (assuming you are still working with Scene Memory 0 "0 Initial Data") the dynamics processor is set to a compression program with all parameters set to the default value as shown in the table below:

Threshold	0 dB	Knee	hard
Ratio	1:1	Attack	0 ms
Out Gain	0 dB	Release	5 ms *1

*1 This value is obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz .

The processor is OFF.

3. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the DYNAMICS OFF icon and press the (ENTER) button to turn the processor on.

The icon is highlighted in reverse video with the text changed to ON. Being able to easily turn the dynamics processor on and off allows you to perform quick A-B listening tests.

4. Select the KEY IN prompt with the CURSOR buttons. Rotate the encoder wheel or press the (ENTER) button to select the trigger source for the processor.

By default, the STEREO channel is triggered by itself, pre-equalization (SELF - PRE-EQ). You can select post-equalization or the signal on the auxiliary buses, AUX1 or AUX2.

Note: As you change the KEY IN parameter, the icons in the KEY IN block on the display also change.

You should select either SELF - PRE-EQ or SELF - POST-EQ.

5. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the compressor control icons.

The control icons are in the box entitled "Comp". The title of this box changes depending on the program you select from the dynamics library.

6. Adjust the value of each control icon by rotating the encoder wheel.

To compress the stereo output signal, try settings similar to the table below:

Threshold	-10 dB	Knee	2
Ratio	2:1	Attack	60 ms
Out Gain	0 dB	Release	1.02 sec *1

*1 This value is obtained when the sampling frequency is 44.1kHz or 48kHz .

The above settings provide a 2:1 compression above -10 dB. This means for every 1 dB change in input signal level above -10 dB there will be a 0.5 dB change in the output level. You can increase the output level without as much risk of clipping. The overall effect is the output signal sounds louder, essentially because you have limited - or compressed - the dynamic range.

Experiment with the settings until you get an effect that you like.

Using the Dynamics Library

Once you have applied a dynamics processor to the stereo bus, you need to know how to recall dynamics programs from the library and to adjust the parameters to create your own dynamics programs.

Recalling Dynamics Programs

1. Press the (DYNAMICS) button again.

The DYNAMICS Library display screen appears:

You can also select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.

2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon. Rotate the encoder wheel to select a dynamics program.

The 02R will scroll through the available dynamics programs. The program that is highlighted is the program that will be recalled when you press the [ENTER] button.

3. Press the (ENTER) button.

The dynamics program is recalled.

If you attempt to recall a user program that is empty, the 02R will flash an error message, indicating that the selected memory location is not available for recall.

Note: Unlike EQ and effects, it is sometimes essential to apply a dynamics processor to an input signal as you are recording multitrack sources. Some signals are too unpredictable or noisy to record without some form of compression or gating. However, you should be very selective about the dynamics you apply, as the same rule holds: it is easy to add the effect, but very difficult to remove it afterwards.

Editing Dynamics Programs

You can edit the preset dynamics programs and then store them as user programs. The Digital Recording Console 02R has 40 preset programs (1 through 40). Each program is a variation on the six basic dynamics processors available:

• Compressor (CMP)
  Gate (GAT)
• Expander (EXP)
• Compander-Hard (CPH)
• Compander - Soft (CPS)
  Ducking (DUK)

Select the preset dynamics program that is closest to the effect you are trying to achieve and edit its parameters. For a list of the preset programs, see "Preset Dynamics Programs" on page 62 of the User's Guide.

Note: The program name of each preset dynamics program contains a three letter code indicating the type of dynamics processor it is.

1. Press the (DYNAMICS) button.

The 02R will return to the DYNAMICS display function:

You can also select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.

2. Select the various parameter icons with the CURSOR buttons. Adjust the value with the encoder wheel.

After you have modified the effects program to your satisfaction, you are ready to store it.

Storing a User Dynamics Program

The Digital Recording Console 02R has 88 user dynamics program locations (41 through 128) for you to store your own settings. You can store your dynamics program in the Dynamics Library, or you can just rely on the 02R scene memory to recall your settings. The following instructions show you how to store your program in the library.

1. Press the (DYNAMICS) button again.

The DYNAMICS Library display screen appears:

You can also select the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the TITLE EDIT box.
2. Select the individual character positions with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select the characters.

You can create a name of up to 16 characters long. It can contain any of the following characters:

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Move the cursor to the first character position with the CURSOR buttons. Rotate the encoder to select the desired character. Move the cursor to the second character position and repeat:

You can select the "INS." control icon to insert a space (blank) at the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The "DEL." control icon is used to delete the character under the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box.

Note: The "COPY" and "PASTE" control icons allow you to select the title from another dynamics program and paste it into your program for subsequent editing. These icons only copy the title. See "Control Icons" on page 74 of the User's Guide.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the STORE icon. Rotate the encoder wheel to select a dynamics program.

If you select one of the preset programs (1 to 40), an error message, "Preset is read only!", will flash on the screen when you attempt to store your program. Select a program from the 88 user programs (41 to 128). You cannot store your settings to program "U" (the UNDO buffer) either.

5. Press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected dynamics program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

Note: You can customize your 02R to prevent the confirmation popup from appearing during STORE operations. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The dynamics program is stored.

Note: If you decide you do not like a dynamics program after you have stored it, it is very easy to overwrite it by creating new settings and storing them to the same location. Conversely, it is also very easy to accidentally overwrite a valued dynamics program.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

Scene Memories

The Digital Recording Console 02R scene memories are a snapshot of all the digital parameters of the mixer. The 02R has 64 mix scene memory locations. Each can be named for easy identification.

There are two special scene memories. "0 Initial Data" is a read-only scene memory that resets the 02R to its default settings. The other is an undo buffer entitled "U". Recalling the undo buffer restores the last state of the 02R.

STORE

RECALL
SCENE MEMORY

Scene memories can be stored and recalled using the [STORE] and [RECALL] buttons. Scene memories are selected using the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons.

They can also be recalled by the automation system or by using MIDI Program Changes from a computer, MIDI sequencer, or MIDI footswitch. You can save scene memories to a MIDI data file.

Storing a Scene Memory

When you store a scene memory, you should check that all the mixer settings in the Edit Buffer are correct. Some settings may have been adjusted accidentally, or by someone else. If you are not sure about the exact contents of the mixer and do not want to labouriously check each setting, recall the initial mixer settings (Scene Memory 0 "0 Initial Data"), make the adjustments that you really want, and then store.

Note: You may want to store the current mix settings to an unused scene memory, just in case.

1. Use the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons to select a scene memory.

You cannot store your settings to either of the special scene memories: "U" (the UNDO buffer) or "0 Initial Data". If you select these scene memories, an error message will flash on the screen when you attempt to store your scene memory.

When you select a new scene memory, the number displayed in the SCENE MEMORY LED indicator flashes.

2. Press the (STORE) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected scene memory. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

Note: You can customize your 02R to prevent the confirmation popup from appearing during STORE operations. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button.

3. The scene memory is stored.

Note: If you decide you do not like a scene memory after you have stored it, it is very easy to overwrite it by adjusting the mixer settings and storing them to the same location. Conversely, it is also very easy to accidentally overwrite a valued scene memory. The 02R has a "Memory Protect" feature to help prevent this, but this feature can interfere with your work, plus it is very easy to turn off the protection. See "Protecting Scene Memories" on page 118 of the User's Guide

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

Naming a Scene Memory

1. Use the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons to select the correct scene memory.

When you select a new scene memory, the number displayed in the SCENE MEMORY LED indicator flashes.

2. Press the (SCENE MEMORY) button.

The SCENE display function appears:

Note: You may have to press the [SCENE MEMORY] button several times to get to the main screen as shown above.

To ensure the scene memory you are attempting to edit is the correct one, you should recall it before proceeding with the next step. See "Recalling a Scene Memory" on page 65 of the Getting Started Guide.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the title edit box.
2. Select the individual character positions with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select the characters.

You can create a name of up to 16 characters long. It can contain any of the following characters:

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Move the cursor to the first character position with the CURSOR buttons. Rotate the encoder to select the desired character. Move the cursor to the second character position and repeat:

You can select the "INSERT" control icon to insert a space (blank) at the current cursor location in the title edit box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The "DELETE" control icon is used to delete the character under the current cursor location in the title edit box.

Note: The “COPY” and “PASTE” control icons allow you to select the title from another scene memory and paste it into the title edit box for subsequent editing.

5. Press the (STORE) button.

If you respond to the confirmation popup by selecting "EXECUTE" and pressing the [ENTER] button, the scene memory is stored with its new name.

SCENE MEMORY

Recalling a Scene Memory

Scene memories are recalled using the [RECALL] button. They can also be recalled by the automation system or by using MIDI Program Change Messages.

1. Use the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons to select the desired scene memory.

When you select a new scene memory, the number displayed in the SCENE MEMORY LED indicator flashes.

2. Press the (RECALL) button.

The selected scene memory is recalled.

Note: When recalling mix scenes, be aware that volume levels may change suddenly as channels are switched ON and faders moved. The 02R has a feature that allows you to fade the levels as a scene memory is loaded, but it cannot compensate for the sudden burst of a channel suddenly being switched on. See "Fade Time" on page 121 of the User's Guide for further information.

When the scene memory is recalled, the number displayed in the SCENE MEMORY LED indicator stops flashing.

If you attempt to recall a scene memory that is empty, the 02R will flash an error message, indicating that the selected memory location is not available for recall.

5

Mixing and Automation

In this chapter...

What is 02R Automation?. 68

Real-Time Automation 69

Editing Automation Events 76

Off-Line Automix Editing. 81

Using the AUTOMIX Library 86

What is O2R Automation?

There are three basic steps to making a multitrack recording:

• Setup and initial tracks
  Overdubbing
• Mixdown

Each step is vital in order to produce a satisfactory recording, but the most difficult one for most engineers is the mixdown. The musicians have finished their work. They have played their instruments and sung their vocals. All that raw material is stored on your multitrack recorder, waiting to be turned into a perfect final mix.

To assist you with this difficult task, the Digital Recording Console 02R has a fully-featured on-board automation system. It memorizes fader position changes, switches individual channels on or off, adjusts the equalization or pan positions, and changes the auxiliary sends – all based on timecode. It can also recall scene memories and programs from the equalizer library, effects library, dynamics library, and channel library.

This allows you to record an entire mixing session, and then edit the individual channel settings in multiple passes until you have achieved perfection. You can punch-in to fine tune a specific parameter or you can use one of the event editors to adjust the timecode position of a channel setting or scene change. You can easily create a mix that would be virtually impossible to achieve on a standard analog mixer.

Automix Memory

The Digital Recording Console 02R has a current automix buffer and 16 automix memories. There is also an undo buffer. Only the current mix can be played back and recorded. You can store the current mix in any of the 16 automix memories.

Real-Time Automation

These tutorials have assumed you are using your Digital Recording Console 02R with one or more of the optional I/O cards installed and a multitrack recorder connected. In this section, you will be synchronizing your multitrack recorder to the 02R. There are three basic ways of doing this:

• If your multitrack recorder is equipped with a SMPTE timecode output connector, you use an audio cable to connect it to the SMPTE TIME CODE INPUT jack on the rear panel of the 02R.
• Use an external SMPTE timecode generator if your multitrack recorder cannot output SMPTE time. You need to record timecode onto one of the tracks of your multitrack recorder and connect the output from that track directly to the SMPTE TIME CODE INPUT jack on the rear panel of the 02R.
• Use a MIDI sequencer to send MTC (MIDI timecode) to the 02R as well as your multitrack recorder. Connect a MIDI cable to the MTC TIME CODE INPUT jack on the rear panel of the 02R.

There is an additional option - you can automate the 02R using its internal timecode generator. However, you cannot synchronize with an external device as the 02R has no timecode output connectors. This mode is effective for learning how to use the automation system.

Basic Connections and Setup

1. Connect your timecode source to the 02R.
2. Press the (AUTOMIX) button repeatedly to get to the "Main" screen.

There are six screens in the AUTOMIX display function. The "Automix Main" screen appears:

3. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the desired "Frame" rate and press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R supports four industry standard frame rates:

30-30 frames per second.
30D-29.97 frames per second (30 drop frame).
25-25 frames per second.
24-24 frames per second.

These frame rates apply to all three timecode sources: SMPTE, MTC, and the internal clock.

4. Select the "TC Input" with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

Select the timecode source from the three options:

• SMPTE timecode (the motion picture standard).
  MTC (MIDI timecode).
  Internal.

5. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "Automix" ENABLE and press the (ENTER) button to switch it on.

The automation system will not function unless this check box is enabled.

6. Select the desired "Overwrite" items with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

This field allows you to select the types of events that will be recorded. Only the items selected will be recorded. Choose from the following:

• FADER - channel level operations (fader or encoder) including auxiliary send levels.
• CH ON - [ON] button selections for each channel.
  PAN - pan position for each channel.
• EQ - equalizer selections for each channel.

Note: Scene memories and all library recall operations will be recorded regardless of the settings of the "Overwrite" options.

The other options on this screen are also important, but not for the purposes of this tutorial. See "Main Screen" on page 129 of the User's Guide for more details.

Creating a New Automix

To record an entire mixing session with the Digital Recording Console 02R automation system, you must first create a new automix. When a new automix is created, the contents of the current automix (referred to as "events") are deleted and the current automix is returned to its default settings.

If you want to keep the contents of the current automix, store them into an available memory location before proceeding.

AUTOMIX

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button again.

The "Memory Management" screen appears:

2. Use the SCENE MEMORY increment or decrement buttons to select your starting scene memory and press the (RECALL) button.

The selected scene memory is recalled.

Your mixdown scene memory should be stored with the [FLIP] button pressed so that the faders operate the tape returns rather than the input channels.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that the [FLIP] button status is ignored during scene memory recalls. In this case, you may need to press the [FLIP] button before you start recording your automix. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

3. Set your starting levels for the mixdown and press the (STORE) button to update the scene memory.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message. Select the "EXECUTE" icon and press the [ENTER] button.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "NEW" control icon and press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to make a new automix. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE":

Please Confirm.

Make New Automix?

CANCEL

EXECUTE

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the NEW operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the NEW operation will be automatically cancelled.

To create the new automix, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The last scene memory that was stored or recalled will be inserted at timecode location 00:00:00.00.

Recording the First Session

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button repeatedly to get to the "Main" screen.

You can stop pressing the [AUTOMIX] button when the "Automix Main" screen reappears:

1. Select the "REC" (record) icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The "REC" icon will flash, indicating AUTOMIX RECORD READY status:

1. Press the (SEL) buttons for the tape return channels you want to record.

The LED inset in the selected channel [SEL] buttons flash indicating that they are armed for recording.

Note: Remember the scene memory you recalled has the [FLIP] function engaged. Therefore you should be selecting the [SEL] buttons in the row above the faders.

1. Start the device that is providing the timecode.

It should start from a location before the music starts.

Note: The 02R automix function will not respond correctly in cases where the source timecode starts at "23:59:30.00" and rolls over to "00:00:00.00". The timecode must be continuous.

When timecode is received when the 02R is in AUTOMIX RECORD READY status, the "RECORD" icon will change to steady illumination (reverse video) and automix recording will begin. The timecode will be displayed in real-time in the "Time Code" field of the "Automix Main" screen.

Note: If the timecode is not being displayed correctly in the "Time Code" field, check the following:

• Are your cables connected between the timecode source device and the O2R correctly?
• Is the timecode source device setup correctly to output timecode?

5. While monitoring the recording, operate the faders and other controls for the selected channels.

When you are recording the automix events, you can only operate the controls, specifically the faders, of the selected channels.

Note: The 02R tries to prevent accidental level changes by "freezing" the faders that have not been selected. To avoid damaging the unit, do not attempt to operate the faders of channels that have not been selected.

Automix Recording Notes

• When you are recording pan or equalizer changes you may find it more convenient to use the buttons and controls of the SELECTED CHANNEL block.
• If you have selected more than one channel with the [SEL] buttons, the SELECTED CHANNEL controls can only adjust the channel that was selected last. The same applies for equalizer and dynamics processor operations. Because of these restrictions, you may find it more convenient to work on your automix recording one channel at a time when editing equalizer and pan data.
  While you are recording automix events, you can select other 02R display functions, allowing you to adjust the parameters for multiple channels.
• To record a recall operation from equalizer, dynamics, or channel libraries, press the [SEL] button for the channel to be changed, then use the corresponding display function to perform the recall operation. To record a recall operation from the effect libraries, use the [AUX7] or [AUX8] button to access the effect libraries.

6. When you have completed recording the automix session, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "STOP" icon and press the (ENTER) button.

You may find it faster and more convenient to stop the automix recording session by stopping the device that is providing the timecode. In this case, the effect is the same as if you selected the STOP function on the 02R:

The "RECORD" icon will change to normal video and the "STOP" icon will be illuminated in reverse video. The events recorded during the automix session will be written to the current automix memory.

You can also discard the events recorded during the automix session by selecting the "UNDO" icon with the CURSOR buttons and pressing the [ENTER] button.

You can stop the automix recording session by selecting the "ABORT" icon with the CURSOR buttons and pressing the [ENTER] button. However, the events recorded during the automix session will be discarded.

Note: The ABORT function must be used before an automix recording has stopped. Once the recording has stopped, the automix data will be updated and a new current mix is created. At this point after stopping an automix recording, the UNDO function can be used to retrieve the previous automix data.

In most cases, punch-in edits or using the event editors can correct minor errors.

1. Stop the device that is providing the timecode.

Editing Automation Events

Overwriting Events

You can overwrite the events that have been recorded into the current automix. You can alter events on an already recorded channel or you can record new events onto another channel. For example, you may first record the faders for the rhythm section to the automix and then overwrite the fader operations for the lead parts and vocals.

1. If required, press the (AUTOMIX) button repeatedly to get to the "Main" screen.

You can stop when the "Automix Main" screen reappears:

WARNING! Be careful that previously recorded events are not accidentally overwritten when you make these selections.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the desired "Overwrite" items and press the (ENTER) button.

Note: If you double-click the [ENTER] button on a selected "Overwrite" item, only that item will be selected and the other items will be switched off.

1. Select the "RECORD" icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The "RECORD" icon will flash.

1. Press the (SEL) buttons for the tape return channels you want to overwrite.

It is very important that you be careful when you select the type of events and channels that will be overwritten. If you select the same channel and the same type of event as the last session, the previously recorded events will be deleted the moment the automix recording begins.

1. Start the device that is providing the timecode.

It should have been rewound and again start from a location before the music starts. The previously recorded automix will playback.

1. While monitoring the recording, adjust the parameters you want to overwrite.
2. When you have completed the automix overwriting session, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "STOP" icon and press the (ENTER) button.

You may find it faster and more convenient to stop the automix recording session by stopping the device that is providing the timecode. The effect is the same as if you selected the STOP function on the 02R.

The "RECORD" icon will change to normal video and the "STOP" icon will be illuminated in reverse video. The events recorded during the overwriting session will be added to the current automix memory.
8. Stop the device that is providing the timecode.

Punch-in Automix Data

If you made a mistake in just one portion of the automix, you can replace the erroneous data with a punch-in.

1. If required, press the (AUTOMIX) button repeatedly to get to the "Main" screen.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the desired "Overwrite" items and press the (ENTER) button.
3. Select the "RECORD" icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The "RECORD" icon will flash.
4. Start the device that is providing the timecode.

It should have been rewound and again start from a location before the music starts. The previously recorded automix will playback, however, because you have not selected any channels, the 02R will remain in AUTOMIX RECORD READY status.

1. Monitor the recording. At the punch-in location, press the (SEL) buttons for the tape return channels you want to fix.

Recording will begin from the location where you pressed the [SEL] button.

Note: From this point, new events will be recorded and previously existing events will be deleted.

1. While monitoring the recording, adjust the parameters you want to fix.
2. When you have finished adjusting the parameters, press the (SEL) buttons again.

The 02R will return to AUTOMIX RECORD READY status.

Note: If you do not adjust any parameters between the punch-in and punch-out points, any events of the selected type that were previously recorded there will have been deleted.

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "STOP" icon and press the (ENTER) button.

You may find it faster and more convenient to stop the automix recording session by stopping the device that is providing the timecode. The effect is the same as if you selected the STOP function on the 02R.

The "RECORD" icon will change to normal video and the "STOP" icon will be illuminated in reverse video.

1. Stop the device that is providing the timecode.

Editing Fader/Encoder Movements

If you are replacing erroneous fader/encoder data with a punch-in, the 02R allows you to monitor the differences with its "Fader Edit" screen.

1. If required, press the (AUTOMIX) button repeatedly to get to the "Main" screen.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "FADER - Overwrite" item and press the (ENTER) button.

3. Press the (AUTOMIX) button several times.

You can stop when the "Fader Edit" screen appears:

This display allows you to watch the fader movements as dynamic bargraphs. Several features make this display convenient to use while you perform detailed fader/encoder edits.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select "Fader Edit Out - RETURN" and press (ENTER) to change its value.

If the RETURN check box is not selected, you may want to move the fader back to its previously recorded level before you punch-out. If the RETURN check box is selected, the fader will automatically return to the previously recorded level when you punch out. The time it takes to return to the previous level is controlled by the "Time" field.

5. Select the "RECORD" icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button.

The "RECORD" icon will flash.

6. Start the device that is providing the timecode.

The 02R will remain in AUTOMIX RECORD READY status.

7. Monitor the recording. At the punch-in location, press the (SEL) button for the tape return channel you want to edit.

Recording will begin from where you pressed the [SEL] button.

8. While monitoring the recording, adjust the fader you want to edit.

As you operate the fader, the display shows the previously recorded position as well as the new position. An arrow in the display indicates the

direction the fader has to be moved to return to the previously recorded position:

If the fader is moved to a position lower than the previously recorded position

If the fader is moved to a position higher than the previously recorded position

9. When you have finished adjusting the fader, press the (SEL) button again.

The 02R will return to AUTOMIX RECORD READY status.

10. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "STOP" icon and press the (ENTER) button.

You may find it faster and more convenient to stop the automix recording session by stopping the device that is providing the timecode. The effect is the same as if you selected the STOP function on the 02R.

11. Stop the device that is providing the timecode.

Off-Line Automix Editing

Editing Scene and Library Recall

You can edit the timing and contents of scene and library recall events that have been recorded into the current automix.

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button several times.

You can stop when the "Event Edit (MEMORY)" screen appears:

This display consists of a table listing Time Code, Memory, and Channel of the scene and library recall events recorded into the current automix. It also has two control icons which allow you to insert (INSERT) or delete (DELETE) events.

2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select an event to edit.

The CURSOR buttons allow you to select the individual events (the selected event is called the "current event") and to move across the table entry for each event. You can edit the following data:

• Time Code - the location of the event as a timecode value. The 02R sorts events by their timecode value.

• Memory – the type of the event. You can select from the following events:

• SCENE - scene memory recall. The number indicates the scene number (from 0 to 64).

• EQ.Lib. - equalizer library recall. The number indicates the equalizer library number (from 1 to 128).
• DY.Lib. – dynamics library recall. The number indicates the dynamics library number (from 1 to 128).

• EF.Lib. - effect library recall. The number indicates the effect library number (from 1 to 128).

• CH.Lib. - channel library recall. The number indicates the channel library number (from 1 to 64).

• Channel – the channel that the recall applies to. For scene memory recall, this field is blank.

3. Rotate the encoder wheel to change the value at the current cursor location.

For timecode, you can independently adjust the hours, minutes, seconds, and frames values.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the INSERT icon and press the (ENTER) button to insert an event.

A new event that is an exact duplicate of the current event will be inserted in the table. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the new event and adjust its values to suit. If you change its timecode value, the new event will be moved to its proper location in the time sequence.

5. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the DELETE icon and press (ENTER) to delete the current event.

Note: If the cursor is anywhere on the screen other than over the INSERT or DELETE icons, pressing the [ENTER] button will cause the cursor to move over the DELETE icon.

Editing Channel ON/OFF

You can edit the timing and contents of the channel on/off events that have been recorded into the current automix.

AUTOMIX

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button again.

You can stop when the "Event Edit (CH ON)" screen appears:

This display consists of a table listing Time Code, Channel, and ON/OFF of the channel on/off events recorded into the current automix. It also has two control icons which allow you to insert (INSERT) or delete (DELETE) events.

2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select an event to edit.

The CURSOR buttons allow you to select the individual events (the selected event is called the "current event") and to move across the table entry for each event. You can edit the following data:

• Time Code - the location of the event as a timecode value. The 02R sorts events by their timecode value.
• Channel - the channel that the on/off event applies to.
• ON/OFF - the ON or OFF status of the channel.

3. Rotate the encoder wheel to change the value at the current cursor location.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the INSERT icon and press the (ENTER) button to insert an event.

A new event that is an exact duplicate of the current event will be inserted in the table. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the new event and adjust its values to suit. If you change its timecode value, the new event will be moved to its proper location in the time sequence.

5. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the DELETE icon and press (ENTER) to delete the current event.

Note: If the cursor is anywhere on the screen other than over the INSERT or DELETE icons, pressing the [ENTER] button will cause the cursor to move over the DELETE icon.

Deleting Events

You can delete specific events that have been recorded into the current automix. You can select a timecode range, the channels desired, and the specific events you want to delete.

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button again.

You can stop when the "Event Extract" screen appears:

2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the channel or channels to delete.

You can also use the [SEL] buttons to select channels. The following channels may be selected:

• Tape 1 through 16 - the tape return channels.
  E1 and E2 - the effect return channels.
  STEREO - the stereo bus.
• Mic 1 through 16 - the MIC/LINE input channels.
  17/18 through 23/24 - the stereo pair line input channels.

3. You must press the (ENTER) button to switch a channel on or off.

If you double-click the [ENTER] button on a selected channel, that channel will be turned on and all the other channels turned off, or all the channels will be turned on. The 02R displays a confirmation popup which allows you to select one channel or all channels:

Use the CURSOR buttons to select "ONE" to turn one channel on and all the other channels turned off, or select "ALL" to turn all the channels on. Press the [ENTER] button to execute your choice.

4. Select the "Parameters" to delete with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button to switch a parameter on or off.

You can select one or more parameters to delete from the following:

LEVEL - fader/encoder events, controlling the input level of a channel.
- CH ON - channel on/off events.
PAN - pan operation events of a channel.
- EQ - equalization operation events of a channel.
- AUX1 through AUX8 - fader/encoder events, controlling the auxiliary send level of a channel.

If you double-click the [ENTER] button on an event type, that event type will be turned on and all the other types turned off, or all event types will be turned on. The 02R displays a confirmation popup which allows you to select one channel or all channels:

Use the CURSOR buttons to select "ONE" to turn one event type on and all the other types turned off, or select "ALL" to turn all the event types on. Press the [ENTER] button to execute your choice.

5. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "In Time" and rotate the encoder wheel to specify the timecode location at which to begin deleting events.

You can independently adjust the timecode hours, minutes, seconds, and frames values.

6. Select the "Out Time" with the CURSOR buttons and rotate the encoder wheel to specify the timecode location at which to stop deleting events.

The 02R will delete all the specified events starting from the "In Time"时间为时间的事件，但不包括事件的时间。在“Out Time”时间为时间的事件的时间，而事件的时间是事件的时间。

7. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXTRACT" control icon and press the (ENTER) button.

The specified events will be removed from the current automix from the starting timecode location up to the stopping timecode location.

8. If you decide you did not want to delete the events just removed from the current automix, you can use the CURSOR buttons to select the "UNDO" control icon and press the (ENTER) button.

Be aware that you can only UNDO the last delete operation you performed!

Using the AUTOMIX Library

Storing an Automix

The Digital Recording Console 02R has 16 automix program locations (1 through 16) for you to store the current automix. The following instructions show you how to store your automix program in the library.

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button until the "Memory Management" screen appears:

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the TITLE EDIT box.
2. Select the individual character positions with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select the characters.

You can create a name of up to 16 characters long. It can contain any of the following characters:

!

“

#

$

%

&

'

(

)

*

+

,

-

.

/

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

:

;

<

=

>

?

@

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

[

\

]

^

_

`

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

{

|

}

~

Move the cursor to the first character position with the CURSOR buttons. Rotate the encoder to select the desired character. Move the cursor to the second character position and repeat:

You can select the "INS." control icon to insert a space (blank) at the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The "DEL." control icon is used to delete the character under the current cursor location in the TITLE EDIT box.

Note: The "COPY" and "PASTE" control icons allow you to select the title from another automix program and paste it into your program for subsequent editing. These icons only copy the title. See "AUTOMIX Name Edit Functions" on page 134 of the User's Guide.

Automix Memory

Automix memory is shared between the current automix and the stored automix programs. This means that a "Memory Full" error message could appear even though there are empty automix locations left. A complex automix, containing many events, may exceed the capacity of the 02R to store. If this occurs, backup and delete any unused automix programs and attempt the STORE operation again.

The default capacity of the 02R automation function is 512Kbytes. You can expand the memory to 1.5Mbytes or 2.5Mbytes by installing the optional ME4M memory expansion kits.

4. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the STORE icon. Rotate the encoder wheel to select an automix program and press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected automix program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The automix program is stored.

Note: If you decide you do not like an automix program after you have stored it, it is very easy to overwrite it by creating a new automix and storing it to the same location. Conversely, it is also very easy to accidentally overwrite a valued automix program.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

Recalling an Automix

1. Press the (AUTOMIX) button until the "Memory Management" screen appears:

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon. Rotate the encoder wheel to select an automix program.

The 02R will scroll through the available automix programs. The program that is highlighted is the program that will be recalled when you press the [ENTER] button.

1. Press the (ENTER) button.

The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to recall selected automix program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the RECALL operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the RECALL operation will be automatically cancelled.

To recall the automix, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The automix program is recalled.

Note: When you recall an automix program, you are overwriting the current automix. Make sure that you have backed up or stored the current automix just in case.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

Index

A

automation system

automix memory 68

AUTOMIX RECORD READY. 73

connections and setup 69

create a new automix. 71

deleting events. 84

description. 68

editing channel ON/OFF. 82

editing fader/encoder movements 78

editing scene and library recall. 81

naming an automix. 86

overwriting events. 76

punch-in recording 77

recalling an automix 89

recording 73

storing an automix 86

timecode

internal clock. 69

MTC (MIDI timecode) 69

SMPTE 69

timecode errors. 74

AUTOMIX button 69

AUTOMIX display function

ABORT icon 75

Automix Main screen

"Automix" ENABLE check box. 70

"Frame" rate box. 70

"Overwrite" check boxes. 70

"TC Input" box. 70

Event Edit(CH ON) screen

Channel field. 83

DELETE icon. 83

INSERT icon.. 83

ON/OFF field. 83

Time Code field. 83

Event Edit(Memory) screen

Channel field. 82

DELETE icon. 82

INSERT icon.. 82

Memory field 81

Time Code field. 81

Event Extract screen

channel icons. 84

EXTRACT icon .85

"In Time" field. 85

ONE/ALL - confirmation popup 84

"Out Time" field. 85

"Parameters" check boxes 85

summation 84

summation 84

UNDO icon 85

Fader Edit screen

Fader Edit Out - RETURN check box.........79

Fader Edit Out - Time field 79

Memory Management screen

COPY icon. 87

DEL. (delete) icon.. 87

INS. (insert) icon.. 87

NEWicon 72

NEW - confirmation popup 72

PASTE icon. 87

pickup-CANCEL icon. 72

pickup - EXECUTE icon.. 72

RECALL icon. 89

RECALL - confirmation popup............89

STORE icon 87

STORE - confirmation popup 87

TITLE EDIT box. 86

UNDO icon 75

REC (record) icon. 73

STOP icon. 75

auxiliary send

description. 42

fader status. 43

pre or post fader status. 43

send level. 44

send status. 43

AUX 1 display function

PRE/POST icon. 44

AUX 7 display function

Effect Edit screen

LIBicon. 49

parameter icons. 51

Effect Library screen

COPY icon 53

DEL. icon 53

INS. icon 53

PASTE icon. 53

pickup-CANCEL icon. 53

pickup - EXECUTE icon.. 53

RECALL icon. 50

STOREicon 53

STORE - confirmation popup 53

TITLE EDIT box. 52

A/B switch. 14

C

channel

ON button 23

SEL button. 21

C-R LEVEL control 20

CONTROL ROOM group

AUX 5 button. 45

ST button 20

C-R MONITOR OUT connectors. 14

CURSOR buttons. 22

D

DISPLAY ACCESS - AUX

AUX 1 button. 43

AUX 5 button. 45

AUX 7/EFF1 button. 46

DISPLAY ACCESS - MIXING

AUTOMIX button 69

DYNAMICS button 55

EQ button 25

METER button. 21

PAN button. 38

/ ATT button 22

ROUTING button. 37

VIEW button 47

display controls

CURSOR buttons. 22

ENTER button 25

display functions

AUTOMIX. 69

AUX 1. 43

AUX7. 46

DYNAMICS 55

DYNAMICS Library 57

EQUALIZER 24

EQUALIZER Library. 30

METER. 21

PAN. 38

/ ATT 22

ROUTING 37

SCENE 63

VIEW. 47

DYNAMICS button 55

DYNAMICS display function

DYNAMICS OFF icon 56
KEY IN icons. 56
KEY IN prompt 56
LIBicon. 57
parameter icons. 56

DYNAMICS Library display function

COPY icon. 60
DEL. (delete) icon.. 60
INS. (insert) icon 60
PASTE icon. 60
pickup-CANCEL icon 61
pickup - EXECUTE icon.. 61
RECALL icon 57
STOREicon 60
STORE - confirmation popup 60
TITLEEDITbox. 59

dynamics processor

compressing the stereo output. 55

compressor default values. 55

description. 54

dynamics programs

Compander-Hard (CPH). 58
Compander-Soft(CPS) 58
Compressor (CMP) 58
Ducking (DUK). 58
Expander (EXP) 58
Gate (GAT) 58

editing dynamics programs. 58
editing the program name 59
recalling dynamics programs. 57
storing dynamics programs. 59

E

edit indicator. 23
ENTER button 25
EQ button 25

equalizer

attenuation 26
bandwidth type 28
bandwidth, setting 28
description. 24
editing the program name 33
frequency indicators 27
frequency, setting 27
gain, resetting 26
gain, setting. 25
resetting. 29
turning on/off 24

EQUALIZER controls. 24

EQUALIZER display function

ATT (attenuation) icon 26
EQ ON icon. 25
F (frequency) icon 27
G (gain) icon. 25
Q (bandwidth) icon. 28

equalizer library

description. 30
recalling an EQ program 30
storing an EQ program. 32
undoing a recall. 32

EQUALIZER Library display function

COPY icon. 34
DEL. (delete) icon.. 34

INS. (insert) icon 34

LIBicon. 31
PASTE icon. 34

pickup-CANCEL icon 34
pickup - EXECUTE icon.. 34
program list. 31
program "U" (UNDO buffer) 32
RECALL icon 30
STOREicon 33
STORE - confirmation popup 34
TITLE EDIT box. 33

F

fader levels, setting 20

fader status. 43

FADER STATUS indicator

AUX LED. 43
AUX number. 43

FLIP button 44

G

gain

GAIN control 21
20dB (pad) switch. 21
setting. 21

GAIN control 21

1

input connectors 1 through 8 . 14

internal effects

adjusting the effect return. 47
description. 46

editing effects. 50
editing the program name 52
effect return clipping. 48
pre or post fader status. 47
recalling effects programs. 49
send levels, setting 46
storing effects programs. 51

M

manuals

Getting Started Guide 3
User's Guide 3

METER button 21
METER display function. 21
monitor mix, creating 45
monitor source, selecting 20
multi-effects stereo processors 46

0

ON button (mute) 23

optional input/output cards

AES/EBU (CD8-AE/CD8-AE-S) 35
Alesis ADAT (CD8-AT). 35
Analog AD/DA (CD8-AD) 35
TASCAM TDIF-1 (CD8-TDII) 35
YAMAHA (CD8-Y) 35

P

20dB (pad) switch. 21

pan

adjusting the pan. 38
GANG mode 39
pairing channels 39
pan positions. 39

PAN button. 38

PAN controls 38

PAN display function

GANG indicator. 39
PANicon 39

peak hold function 22

/ ATT button 22
/ ATT display function. 22

PHONES jack. 14
PHONES LEVEL control. 20
POWER switch 16

R

routing direct outputs. 35

eight output buses. 35

selecting the routes 37

ROUTING button. 37

ROUTING display function ROUTE icons. 37

s

SCENE display function COPY icon. 64

DELETE icon. 64

INSERT icon.. 64

PASTE icon. 64

title edit box 64

scenememories description. 62

edit buffer. 62

naming a scene memory 63

pickup-CANCEL icon 63

pickup - EXECUTE icon.. 63

recalling a scene memory. 65

Scene Memory 0 (0 Initial Data) 62

store - confirmation popup 62

storing a scene memory 62

undo buffer 62

SCENE MEMORY buttons 17

decrement () 62

increment (▲) 62

RECALL. 65

STORE. 62

SCENE MEMORY LED 23

edit indicator. 23

SEL button. 21

SELECTED CHANNEL - AUX
AUX 1 button. 43

AUX 5 button. 45

AUX7button. 47

LED bargraph 44

ON button 43

SEND LEVEL rotary encoder. 44

SELECTED CHANNEL - EQUALIZER EQ ON button. 25

F (frequency) rotary encoder. 27

G (gain) rotary encoder 25

HIGH/LPF button 26

H-MID button 26

L-MID button. 26

LOW/HPF button. 25

Q (bandwidth) rotary encoder 28

SELECTED CHANNEL-PAN LED bargraph 39

L/ODD button. 39

pan rotary encoder. 39

R/EVEN button. 39

SELECTED CHANNEL - ROUTING ROUTING buttons. 37

STEREO OUT connectors 14

STUDIO group
AUX 5 button. 45

synchronization. 16

T

talkback system 45

V

VIEW button. 47
VIEW display function EQ graph 48
PANicon. 48
/ ATT controls. 47
ROUTING icons 48

O2R

DIGITAL RECORDING CONSOLE

Getting Started Guide

Sections

1 Controls and Connections. 1
2 User Interface 17
3 Mixing and Monitoring. 25
4 MIXING Display Functions 31
5 Dynamics 61
6 Auxiliary Channels. 83
7 Internal Effects 89
8 Scene Memories. 113
9 Automation. 123
10 MIDI 141
11 Groups and Pairs 147
12 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities. 153
13 Installing Options 171
14 Specifications 191
15 Glossary. 225
Index 233

Contents

1 Controls and Connections. 1

Front Panel 2

Rear Panel. 11

Block Diagram 15

2 User Interface 17

About the User Interface 18

DISPLAY ACCESS Buttons 18

Display 20

CURSOR Buttons 20

Encoder Wheel. 21

ENTERButton. 21

SCENE MEMORY Buttons 21

Display Functions 22

SELECTED CHANNEL Controls 23

3 Mixing and Monitoring. 25

Analog Inputs 26

Phantom Power 26

Pad. 27

GAIN Controls. 27

SEL Buttons 27

ON Buttons. 28

Faders 28

Analog Outputs. 29

Monitor Selector Switches 29

Monitor Level Controls 30

4 MIXING Display Functions 31

Phase and Attenuation 32

Delay 34

Pan and Balance. 36

Stereo-Pair Pans. 37

Stereo Width 37

PAN controls 38

Routing 39

ROUTING buttons 40

Metering 41

View 44

Channel Library. 47

Equalizer. 49

EQUALIZER controls. 51

Equalizer Programs. 52

Equalizer Library. 53

Preset EQ Program Parameters. 56

Dynamics 61

Dynamics Processors 62
PresetDynamicsPrograms 62
Compressor 63
Expander. 65
Compander 66
Gate and Ducking 67
DYNAMICS Display Function 69
Patching in a Processor. 70
Dynamics Processor Meters. 71
KEY IN and LINK Indicators 72
Dynamics Library 73
PresetDynamicsProgramParameters. 76

6 Auxiliary Channels 83

About the 02R Auxiliaries 84
The AUX Buttons 85
Stereo Input Channels 87
AUX [ON] Button 87
AUX Pre or Post. 87
Monitor Mix. 88

7 Internal Effects 89

About Effects 90
Preset Effects Programs 91
AUX 7 and AUX 8. 92
Effects 94
Effects Library 95
Preset Effects Program Parameters. 98

8 Scene Memories. 113

What are Scene Memories? 114

What is Stored in a Scene Memory? 115

What is the Edit Buffer? 115

Initial Data and UNDO Memory 115

Storing Mix Scenes 116

Naming a Scene Memory. 117

Recalling Scene Memories 119

Fader Recall Safe 120

Fade Time. 121

9 Automation 123

What is the Automation Function? 124

What is Timecode? 126

Automation Function 128

Main Screen 129

Memory Management 133

Fader Edit. 136

Event Edit (MEMORY). 138

Event Edit (CH ON) 139

Event Extract 140

10 MIDI 141

MIDI and the 02R 142

Setup 143

Program Change Assign 144

BulkDump/Request 145

11 Groups and Pairs 147

Grouping Faders 148

Grouping Mutes 149

Pairing Channels 150

12 Digital I/O, Setup, and Utilities. 153

WordClockSelect. 154

Input Signal Select. 156

Cascade Configuration 157

Dither 159

Solo 160

Preferences 162

Oscillator. 165

Emphasis Monitor. 166

Channel Status Monitor 167

Battery Check. 169

02R System Initialization 170

13 Installing Options 171

Digital Recording Console 02R Options 172

Installing 02R Options 175

Analog I/O Card - AD/DA (CD8-AD). 178

Digital I/O Card - AES/EBU (CD8-AE/CD8-AE-S). 179

Digital I/O Card - ADAT (CD8-AT) 181

Digital Cascade Kit (CD8-CS) 183

Digital I/O Card - TDIF-1 (CD8-TDII) 187

Peak Meter Bridge (MB02). 189

14 Specifications 191

General Specifications 192

Input Specifications. 198

Output Specifications 199

Digital Input and Output Specifications 199

Dimensions. 200

Options 201

Troubleshooting 202

Error Messages 203

MIDI Data Format. 206

Parameter Change and Request Format 209

BulkDump and Request Format 213

15 Glossary. 225

References and Further Reading. 231

Index 233

MIDI implementation chart 241

User Setting Sheet 242

1

Controls and Connections

In this chapter...

Front Panel 2

Rear Panel. 11

Block Diagram 15

Front Panel

Analog input controls

1. Phantom switches (channels 1 to 8)

These switches turn the +48V DC phantom power ON and OFF for the XLR-3-31 connectors.

2. A/B switches (channels 1 to 8)

These switches select between the XLR-3-31 connectors and the phone connectors.

3. 20dB (pad) switches (channels 1 to 16)

These switches attenuate the input signal by 20~dB

4. GAIN controls

These controls adjust the gain of the input preamp.

The analog input controls are not controlled or stored by the 02R automation and scene memory functions. To allow easy recall of the gain setting, the controls are detented.

5. PEAK LED

This red LED illuminates when the input signal exceeds 3 dB below clipping.

It is acceptable if this LED illuminates occasionally. However, if it is continuously illuminated, the input preamp is being overloaded and clipping distortion will result.

6. SIGNAL LED

This green LED illuminates when the input signal exceeds 10 dB below nominal.

Analog output controls

7. T/B LEVEL control and microphone

This control sets the volume level of the built-in talkback microphone.

8. STUDIO LEVEL control

This control sets the level of the signal sent to the STUDIO MONITOR OUTPUT connectors.

9. PHONES LEVEL control and connector

This control sets the level of signal output to a pair of stereo headphones plugged into the connector.

DISPLAY ACCESS controls

10. CONFIGURATION buttons

These buttons access the corresponding Display function.

Button	Description
SCENE MEMORY	Store and recall mix scenes.
DIGITAL I/O	Define the digital interconnections and word clock source, cascade parameters, and dither characteristics.
SETUP	Set SOLO status and preferences
UTILITY	Define oscillator, check battery status.
AUTOMIX	Store and recall automation programs.
MIDI	Set the MIDI channels and tables. Control bulk data transfers.
GROUP	Set up the fader groups.
PAIR	Set up channel pairs.

11. MIXING buttons

These buttons access the corresponding Display function.

Button	Description
∅/ATT	Set phase and attenuation.
DELAY	Set the channel delay.
PAN	Set the pan position.
ROUTING	Set the channel routing.
METER	Meter the levels from the individual input channels, the tape and effect return channels, the 8 main busses, and the 8 auxiliary busses.
VIEW	View and set all the parameters for the selected channel and access the channel library.
EQ	Set the equalization and access the EQ library.
DYNAMICS	Set the dynamics and access the dynamics library.

12. AUX buttons

These buttons access the corresponding Display function.

Button	Description
AUX 1 to 6	Set the channel levels to the auxiliary bus-ses.
AUX 7 and 8	Set the channel levels to the auxiliary bus-ses and set the effect parameters.

Display screen and related controls

13. SCENE MEMORY indicator

This 2-digit (7-segment) LED shows the currently selected Scene Memory program. It also contains the Edit Indicator, which will start flashing when the current mix scene is first adjusted.

14. FADER STATUS indicators

These LED indicators show the status of the faders. When you select the AUX buttons ([AUX 1] through [AUX 8]), the AUX LED will illuminate to indicate the faders are used to set the auxiliary send levels. The currently selected AUX button is also indicated here.

Normally, the INPUT LED is illuminated.

15. SELECTED CHANNEL indicators

The 2-digit (7-segment) LED shows the currently selected channel number for the SELECTED CHANNEL controls. The three LEDs below indicate the status of the selected channel: MIC/LINE, TAPE/RTN, or OUTPUT.

16. Graphical display screen

This is the 320 × 240 pixel, CFL-backlight, graphical display screen. It displays the system functions and their parameter values both graphically and numerically.

17. Stereo output level meters

These stereo meters consist of 21-elements per channel.

18. Contrast control

This control adjusts the contrast of the graphical display screen.

SELECTED CHANNEL controls

19. ROUTING buttons

These buttons set the routing for the currently selected channel.

20. AUX buttons and controls

These buttons and controls set the auxiliary send channel and level for the currently selected channel.

21. PAN buttons and controls

These buttons and controls set the pan position for the currently selected channel.

22. EQ buttons and controls

These buttons and controls set the equalization for the currently selected channel.

Monitor controls

23. STUDIO buttons

These buttons select the monitor signal sent to the STUDIO MONITOR OUTPUT connectors.

24. CONTROL ROOM buttons

These buttons select the monitor signal sent to the C-R MONITOR OUT connectors.

25. TALKBACK buttons

These buttons allow the control room to talk to the studio and to SLATE control room information to the output busses.

26. SOLO button

This button activates the SOLO bus. Use the ON buttons to select a channel to monitor.

27. C-R LEVEL

This control sets the level of the C-R MONITOR OUT connectors.

Faders

28. Tape and Effect return controls

These continuously rotary controls set the level of the tape and effect returns. The current level of a return channel is shown by the corresponding icon on the bottom of the display screen.

29. SEL buttons

These buttons select the individual channels. When you press on of the SEL buttons, the LED in the centre of the button is illuminated.

30. ON buttons

These buttons switch the selected channel ON or OFF. When a channel is ON, the LED in the centre of the button is illuminated.

When you press the SOLO button (engage the SOLO function), these buttons are used to select the monitor channels. The LEDs inset in the buttons are switched off. Press the ON buttons to select channels to send to the SOLO bus. When you press the SOLO button again (cancel the SOLO function), the prior channel status is restored and the appropriate LEDs are switched back on.

31. FLIP button

This button interchanges the functions of MIC/LINE channels 1 to 16 and TAPE RETURN channels 1 to 16. This allows you to set the tape return levels with the Faders rather than the Tape Return controls.

32. Faders

These 100mm motorized faders set the channel level for the corresponding channel.

The faders will position themselves automatically when a scene memory snapshot is recalled, a number of faders are grouped or paired, or an automation mix is played back.

Scene memory controls

33. STORE button

This button stores the current mixer settings into the current scene memory location.

34. Increment button

This button selects the next scene memory.

35. Decrement button

This button selects the previous scene memory.

36. RECALL button

This button recalls the current scene memory. All mixer settings are restored to the positions recorded in the scene memory snapshot.

Display controls

37. Encoder wheel

This control adjusts the value of the currently selected parameter. Rotate it clockwise to increase the value, and counterclockwise to decrease the value.

38. CURSOR buttons

These buttons select the parameters and options on the display screen.

39. ENTER button

This button either confirms a parameter setting made with the Encoder wheel or it sets a parameter that only has two possible values.

Rear Panel

Phantom Power Warning

To prevent hazard or damage, connect only microphones and cables that conform to the IEC268-15A standard.

1. STUDIO MONITOR OUT connectors

These are balanced 1/4 phone jacks with a +4 dB nominal output level. They output the monitor signals for the studio, and can be connected to the inputs on a monitor or headphone amplifier.

The monitor signal source is determined by the STUDIO buttons. The output level is set using the STUDIO LEVEL control.

2. AUX SEND connectors

These are unbalanced 1/4'' phone jacks with a +4 dB nominal output level. They output the signals from AUX busses 1 to 6, and can be used to feed external effects processors, foldback amplifiers, or multitrack recording equipment.

3. C-R MONITOR OUT connectors

These are balanced 1/4'' phone connectors with a +4 dB nominal output level. They are wired TRS. They output the signal selected by the CONTROL ROOM buttons.

4. STEREO OUT ANALOG (1 and 2) connectors

STEREO OUT (1) are balanced XLR-3-32 type connectors with a +4 dB nominal output level. STEREO OUT (2) are unbalanced RCA/phono jacks with a -10 dBV nominal output level.

These connectors output the main stereo signals for recording, and can be connected to cassette and other analog recorders.

5. 2TR IN ANALOG (1 and 2) connectors

2TR IN (1) are balanced phone jacks with a +4 dB nominal input level. 2TR IN (2) are unbalanced RCA/phono jacks with a -10 dBV nominal input level.

Signals input here are fed through to the CONTROL ROOM buttons (24) and are monitored in the control room or the studio. The outputs of a 2-track master recorder can be connected here for confidence monitoring and playback.

6. Stereo input channels (17 to 24)

These are pairs of balanced 1/4 phone jacks with a -40 to +4 dB nominal input level. You can connect the return from a stereo effects unit (for example the YAMAHA D5000 digital delay) to these input channels.

The signals from 2TR IN DIGITAL (1) can be routed to channels 17/18 and the signals from 2TR IN DIGITAL (2) can be routed to channels 19/20.

7. Input channels (9 to 16)

These are balanced phone jack connectors. The nominal input level is -60 dB to +4 dB. Wiring is sleeve-ground, tip-hot (+), and ring-cold (-). They can be used with balanced or unbalanced plugs.

8. Input channels (1 to 8)

INPUT A (1 to 8) are balanced XLR-3-31 type connectors. The nominal input level is -60 dB to +4 dB. They are wired according to the IEC 268 standard: Pin 1-ground, pin 2-hot (+), and pin 3-cold (-). Phantom powering is available for condenser type microphones.

Note: Make sure that the balanced devices you plug into the input connectors also use pin 2-hot, pin 3-cold wiring. If they are wired differently, undesirable phase shifts may occur. However, you can invert the phase of an input signal with the 02R.

INPUT B (1 to 8) are balanced phone jack connectors. The nominal input level is -60dB to +4dB . Wiring is sleeve-ground, tip-hot (+), and ring-cold (-). They can be used with balanced or unbalanced plugs. See the note above.

INSERT I/O (1 to 8) are unbalanced phone jack connectors. Both the nominal output and input levels are +0 dB. Wiring is sleeve-ground, tip-out, and ring-in. Connect external dynamic processors and other analog devices here.

9. POWER switch

This is a push-type power switch. It is recessed to prevent accidental operation. Press once to power ON; press again to power OFF.

10. METER connector

This 15-pin Dsub connector sends the meter information from each of the input channels, tape and effect return channels, auxiliary channels, etc., to the optional meter bridge (MB02).

11. TIME CODE IN

SMPTE connector

This RCA/phone jack is a nominal -10dB / 10k connector. It accepts standard SMPTE time code to synchronize the 02R to an external time code generator.

MTC connector

This is a standard 5-pin DIN-type MIDI connector. It is used to connect the 02R to a MIDI time code source for external synchronization.

12. STEREO OUT DIGITAL connectors

The COAXIAL output is an RCA/phono jack. It outputs the main stereo signals for recording, and can be connected to DAT, MD, and DCC digital recorders via a 75 coaxial cable. The output format is IEC958 Part 2 (S/PDIF - Consumer).

The AES/EBU output is an XLR-3-32 type connector. It also outputs the main stereo signals for recording. The output format is IEC958 Part 3 (AES/EBU - Professional).

13. MIDI connectors

These are standard 5-pin DIN-type MIDI THRU, OUT, and IN connections. They are used to connect the 02R to external MIDI devices for sequencer synchronization and control.

14. WORD CLOCK connectors

These are TTL/75Ω BNC connectors for transmitting (OUT) and receiving (IN) word clock signals. A switch is provided to apply a 75Ω terminator to the signal if the 02R is the last device in the chain.

15. TO HOST connector

This 8-pin MiniDIN connector is to plug a Macintosh or PC into the 02R for dedicated external system control.

16. 2TR IN DIGITAL (1 to 3) connectors

2TR IN DIGITAL (1) is an XLR-3-32 type connector. The input format is IEC958 Part 3 (AES/EBU - Professional).

2TR IN DIGITAL (2 and 3) are RCA/phono jacks. The input format is IEC958 Part 2 (S/PDIF - Consumer).

Signals input here are fed through to the CONTROL ROOM buttons (24) and are monitored in the control room or the studio. The outputs of a 2-track master recorder can be connected here for confidence monitoring and playback.

Note: Digital signals routed through the control room selector switch do not have to be synchronized with the system word clock.

The signals from 2TR IN DIGITAL (1) can also be routed to stereo input channels 17/18.

The signals from 2TR IN DIGITAL (2) can be routed to stereo input channels 19/20 or directly to the stereo buss.

Note: Digital signals that are routed to the stereo input channels or directly to the stereo buss must be synchronized with the system word clock to prevent dropout and/or other noise.

17. Option slots (1 to 4)

These slots accept one of the optional I/O cards.

List of Cards

Card	Format	Product	Size	Slot
Digital I/O	AES/EBU	CD8-AE	Double	1 or 2 (max 2 cards - 16 ch)
		CD8-AE-S	Single	1 ~ 4 (max 4 cards - 32 ch)
	ADAT	CD8-AT	Single	1 ~ 4 (max 4 cards - 32 ch)
	TDIF-1	CD8-TDII	Single	1 ~ 4 (max 4 cards - 32 ch)
	YAMAHA	CD8-Y	Single	1 ~ 4 (max 4 cards - 32 ch)
Analog I/O	AD/DA	CD8-AD	Double	1 or 2 (max 2 cards - 16 ch)
Cascade Kit		CD8-CS KIT	Single × 2	Any (normally 3 or 4)

Use slots 1 and 2 for direct output lines to your multi-track recorder. See Section 13, "Installing Options" on page 171 of the User's Guide for further details.

Block Diagram

2

User Interface

In this chapter...

About the User Interface. 18
DISPLAY ACCESS Buttons 18
Display 20
CURSOR Buttons. 20
Encoder Wheel 21
ENTERButton 21
SCENE MEMORY Buttons. 21
Display Functions 22
SELECTED CHANNEL Controls 23

About the User Interface

Digital Recording Console 02R user interface is powerful but very intuitive. There are two main methods of working with the 02R:

• Use the DISPLAY ACCESS controls to modify one parameter at a time across the entire recording console.
• Use the SELECTED CHANNEL controls to modify all of the parameters of the currently selected channel. You will find these controls similar to the setup of an analog mixer.

Use whichever method is most convenient to you. You will probably find you use a combination of both methods, dependent on what you are trying to do with the 02R.

The DISPLAY ACCESS controls consist of a block of twelve function buttons divided into three groups: the CONFIGURATION group, the MIXING group, and the AUX group, plus the large backlit graphical display screen, four CURSOR buttons, a detented encoder wheel, and the [ENTER] button. There is also a related block of four SCENE MEMORY buttons.

The SELECTED CHANNEL controls consist of four main blocks of controls, each block corresponding to the equivalent controls on an analog mixer. The ROUTING block selects the buss onto which to route the current channel signal. The AUX block selects the auxiliary buss to send the channel signal to and sets the send level. The PAN block sets the pan position of the channel signal. The EQ block sets the equalization curve for the current channel.

The biggest difference between the two methods is that the DISPLAY ACCESS functions are directly associated with one or more displays on the display screen. The following section will briefly explain each of the controls of the two main blocks. Later sections will give more details about how to use these controls.

DISPLAY ACCESS Buttons

CONFIGURATION group

These buttons access the Display Functions that control the system configuration of the 02R.

• The [SCENE MEMORY] button is used to examine and edit the scene memories. You can also set channels to "recall safe", which means they will not change levels when the scene is recalled, and you can set recall fade time.

• The [DIGITAL I/O] button is used to select the word clock source, define the digital input/output connectors, control the cascade configuration, and set the word dither.

• The [SETUP] button is used to control the solo function and defines system preferences.
• The [UTILITY] button is used to set the oscillator function and check the battery, emphasis, and channel status monitors.
• The [AUTOMIX] button is used to set and control the automation parameters.
• The [MIDI] button is used to select the MIDI channels and MIDI functions.
• The [GROUP] and [PAIR] buttons are used to create fader and mute groups and pair faders together.

MIXING group

These buttons access the Display Functions that set mixer parameters for the entire recording console.

• The [ / ATT] button is used to invert the phase and attenuate the signals after they have been converted to digital.
• The [DELAY] key is used to apply a small delay to the input signal, for example, to compensate for the gap between the record and playback heads of your multitrack recorder.
• The [PAN] button is used to adjust the pan position for a group of channels.
• The [ROUTING] button selects the routing page - a large visual patch bay.
• The [METER] button is used to meter the individual channels.
• The [VIEW] button is used to adjust all the parameters for the selected channel. It also accesses the Channel library.
• The [EQ] button is used to view the equalization curve and parameters of each individual channel. It also accesses the EQ library.
• The [DYNAMICS] button is used to adjust the dynamics of each individual channel. It also accesses the Dynamics library.

AUX group

These buttons access the Display Functions that set the auxiliary send levels for the recording console.

• The [AUX 1] to [AUX 6] buttons set the auxiliary send levels to the corresponding auxiliary buss. You can also select whether to send the signal pre or post fader.
• The [AUX 7] and [AUX 8] buttons also set the send levels to the corresponding auxiliary buss and can select pre or post fader.

However, these two sends are routed to the internal effects unit. Therefore, the buttons also allow you to select and set the effects parameters.

Display

The large backlit 320 × 240 pixel graphical display screen provides clear indication of mix settings and operating status. As well as showing parameter values numerically, faders and rotary controls are represented graphically, so you can actually see pan positions and fader positions. In addition, EQ curves are displayed graphically and signal levels are metered. The following illustration shows information that is always displayed and explains what it means:

The CONTRAST control allows you to adjust the brightness of the screen for different environments.

CURSOR

CURSOR Buttons

The CURSOR buttons are used to select parameters and options on the display screen. The selected parameter or option usually appears highlighted.

The CURSOR buttons are also used to position the cursor in a name when naming automation mixes, scene memories, equalizer programs, effects programs, dynamics programs, and channel library programs.

When a display left or right icon appears at the left or right side of the display, indicating that another display page is available, the CURSOR buttons are used to select that display.

Encoder Wheel

The encoder wheel is used to adjust the parameter selected using the CURSOR buttons. Its detented action gives it a positive feel, allowing quick and accurate parameter adjustments. Turning it clockwise increases the selected parameter value. Turning it counterclockwise decreases the selected parameter value. The faster you turn it, the faster the parameter value changes.

The encoder wheel is also used to scroll through the automation programs, mix scenes, effects programs, EQ programs, and dynamics processor programs. When naming automation programs, mix scenes, user effects programs, user EQ programs, and user dynamics programs, the encoder wheel is used to scroll through the available characters.

ENTER

ENTER Button

The [ENTER] button is used to confirm settings made using the encoder wheel and to toggle two-option parameters such as EQ ON/OFF.

SCENE MEMORY Buttons

These buttons allow you to select, store and recall scene memories. The current scene memory is indicated on the SCENE MEMORY LED.

Display Functions

The following table lists all the Digital Recording Console 02R display functions and briefly explains what they do.

Display Function	Description
SCENE	Store and recall mix scenes.
DIGITAL I/O	Sets digital I/O parameters and selects word clock.
SETUP	Sets the solo parameters and system preferences.
UTILITY	Controls the oscillator parameters and accesses the emphasis monitor, the channel status monitor, and the battery level check.
MIDI	Set the MIDI channels, build the program change table, and control MIDI bulk data transfers.
AUTOMIX	Create, store, recall, and play automation programs.
GROUP	Set up the fader and mute groups.
PAIR	Set up channel pairs.
Ø/ATT	Set phase and attenuation.
DELAY	Set the channel delay.
PAN	Set the pan position.
ROUTING	Set the channel routing.
METER	Meter the levels from the individual input channels, the tape and effect return channels, the 8 main busses, and the 8 auxiliary busses.
VIEW	Set all parameters for the selected channel and access the channel library.
EQUALIZER	Set the equalization and access the EQ library.
DYNAMICS	Set the dynamics processor and access the dynamics library.
AUX 1 to 6	Set the channel levels to the auxiliary busses.
AUX 7 and 8	Set the channel levels to the auxiliary busses and set the internal effect parameters.

SELECTED CHANNEL Controls

These controls are very similar in setup to the controls of an analog mixer. You may find working with the buttons and controls of this section of the 02R is much faster and more intuitive than working through the screens of the DISPLAY ACCESS functions.

ROUTING buttons

The routing buttons allow you to directly select the destination for the selected channel. The LEDs in the buttons illuminate to indicate the status of the channel.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust any of the controls in this group, the display switches to the ROUTING display function. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide.

AUX controls

The AUX buttons allow you to select the auxiliary busses you want to send the selected channel signal to. The SEND LEVEL rotary encoder is used to set the level – indicated by the adjacent LED bargraph. The [ON] button is used to turn the send on or off. This allows you to make quick A-B comparisons.

PAN controls

These controls allow you to select the pan position of the selected channel. The buttons select one of two channels (channels are always paired for the pan function). Use the rotary encoder to adjust the pan position. The current position is indicated on the adjacent LED bargraph.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust any of the controls in this group, the display switches to the PAN display function. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide.

EQUALIZER controls

These controls allow you to adjust the equalization of the selected channel. Select the band you want to adjust with one the buttons in the top row: [LOW/HPF], [L-MID], [H-MID], or [HIGH/LPF]. The three LED indicators will reflect the status of the selected band. Adjust the values (Q, F, and G) with the adjacent rotary encoders. Use the [EQ ON] button to insert the equalization into the channel.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust any of the controls in this group, the display switches to the EQUALIZER display function. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide.

3

Mixing and Monitoring

In this chapter...

Analog Inputs. 26
Phantom Power 26
Pad. 27
GAIN Controls. 27
SEL Buttons. 27
ON Buttons. 28
Faders 28
Analog Outputs 29
Monitor Selector Switches 29
Monitor Level Controls. 30

Analog Inputs

The Digital Recording Console 02R is equipped with 24 individual analog input connectors. The first sixteen channels, 1 through 16, are monophonic input channels designed for microphone to line level signal inputs. The last eight channels, 17 through 24, are stereo pairs designed for line level signals only.

INPUT 23

INPUT 21

INPUT 19

INPUT 17

INPUT 24

INPUT 22

INPUT 20

INPUT 18

INPUT 16

INPUT 15

INPUT 14

INPUT 13

INPUT 12

INPUT 11

INPUT 10

INPUT 9

INPUT A

INPUT B

INPUT C

INPUT D

INPUT E

INPUT F

INPUT G

INPUT H

In addition, the first eight channels not only have selectable input connectors, XLR-type or phone, but they also have an insert connector, allowing you to patch external signal processors before the input signal is converted to digital.

For monitoring the output of a stereo tape recorder or another similar analog device, the 02R also has two pairs of 2TR IN phone connectors.

Phantom Power

Phantom power provides a +48V DC power source for condenser type microphones. It is applied to the XLR-type connectors (INPUT A) for input channels 1 through 8. The phantom power switch for each channel is used to turn it ON and OFF. Phantom power is applied to each individual input.

Phantom power can only be applied to the XLR-type connectors (INPUT A) for input channels 1 through 8. Select those connectors with the A/B switch: up for A, down for B.

With phantom power set to ON, non-phantom powered microphones, dynamic microphones, and balanced line-level sources can still be connected to INPUT A connectors for input channels 1 through 8. However, be careful with unbalanced sources.

Pad

The Pad function attenuates input signals by 20 dB. This is useful when inputting high level signals that would otherwise overload the input preamplifier. By increasing the effective range of the GAIN control, high-level signals can be adjusted accurately. Pad can be set individually for the mono input channels 1 through 16. The [20dB] (pad) switch at the top of each channel is used to turn it ON and OFF: up for OFF, down for ON.

GAIN Controls

The GAIN controls are used to optimize the input channel signal levels. Use them with the PEAK indicators. This red LED illuminates when the input signal exceeds 3 dB below clipping. Ideally the level should be set relatively high. It is acceptable if this LED illuminates occasionally. If it is continuously illuminated, however, back off the GAIN control a little, otherwise the input preamplifier is being overloaded and clipping distortion will result.

The GAIN control should be set with some care. If it is set too low, the signal-to-noise performance will suffer, and if it is set too high, unpleasant signal clipping and distortion may occur.

The SIGNAL indicator is a green LED which illuminates when the input signal exceeds 10 dB below nominal.

The analog input controls are not controlled or stored by the 02R automation and scene memory functions. To assist in easy recall of the gain setting, the GAIN controls are detented. You should note the analog settings on a copy of the User Settings Sheet at the back of the manual.

SEL Buttons

The [SEL] buttons are used to select a channel in order to perform some action on it. When a channel is selected, the LED set in the corresponding button lights up and its name appears in the Selected Channel area of the display screen. Stereo-pair channels are selected together.

Note: You can use the [SEL] buttons to create stereo-pair channels. Refer to "Pairing Channels" on page 150 of the User's Guide.

The SELECTED CHANNEL controls are set to the current status of the selected channel. Depending on which display function is active, the selected channel may be highlighted, or the entire display may be dedicated to its parameters.

ON Buttons

The [ON] buttons are used to turn channels on and off. The input channel, tape return channel, effect return channel, and stereo output [ON] buttons turn their respective channels on and off. When a channel is turned on, the LED set in the corresponding button lights up. When it is turned off, the LED goes off. Stereo-pair channels are turned on and off together.

Faders

The 02R's faders are motorized. This means that they can be positioned automatically. You can group or pair faders together so all faders in a group or pair move automatically when you move any fader in that group or stereo pair.

Fader positions are stored in scene memories. When a scene memory is recalled the faders automatically move to their stored positions.

Fader positions are stored when the 02R is powered OFF. Even if faders are subsequently moved, they return automatically to their last positions when the 02R is powered ON again.

Note: You should avoid placing objects on the 02R that may block fader movements. There are several operations, such as recalling a scene memory, selecting the auxiliary buses, and automation playback, that automatically move the faders. If a fader is blocked, it could be damaged as it attempts to move.

Rotary Encoders

To adjust the levels of the tape and effect return channels, the 02R provides a continuously rotary encoder for each channel. The channel levels are indicated by the Tape Return Level and Effect Return Level icons on the bottom of the display screen.

FLIP Button

Although the rotary encoders are reasonably accurate, there will be times, for example during a mixdown, when you want the increased accuracy and feel of a fader to adjust the tape return levels.

The faders for input channels 1 through 16 are multi-function controls. When you press the [FLIP] button, the faders switch to adjusting the tape returns. The Tape Return icons change to reverse video to indicate the input channels have moved up to the TAPE controls, and the LED in the [FLIP] button is illuminated.

Analog Outputs

The Digital Recording Console 02R is equipped with a pair of analog stereo out connectors, one pair XLR-type for connecting to professional equipment, the other phono (RCA) jacks. There are also two pairs of phone jacks to provide a stereo output to your control room and studio monitoring systems.

Monitor Selector Switches

STUDIO Buttons

These buttons select the monitor signal sent to the studio monitor system. In many studios, this would be a headphone amplifier, typically one that could drive several sets of headphones. This system provides the monitoring that your musicians need in order to successfully work on a multitrack recording.

You can select the same signal that is being monitored in the control room with the [C-R] button. When you press this button, it cancels the current settings. When you press it again, it restores the previous settings.

You can send the signal from the stereo bus by pressing the [ST] button. The most flexible approach is to set up a separate mix using one of the auxiliary channels (press either the [AUX5] or [AUX6] button), and send that to the studio monitors. This allows you, for example, to apply reverb and equalization to the monitor signal you send to your vocalist, while you record the performance dry. You can select any combination of the [ST], [AUX5], and [AUX6] buttons – including none.

CONTROL ROOM Buttons

The buttons select the monitor signal sent to the control room monitor system. This is usually a large pair of near-field loudspeakers. Many studios also use a smaller speaker system, such as the YAMAHA NS-10M, to monitor a "typical" listening environment.

You can select one of five 2TR IN inputs, three of which are digital (the 2TR-D1 to 2TR-D3 buttons). These inputs are used for monitoring two track source signals, for example, the return of your master recorder. When you press any of these buttons, the current setting is cancelled. When you press the button again, the previous setting is restored.

You can also monitor the signal on the stereo bus with the [ST] button or select the auxiliary channels (AUX5 or AUX6). You can select any combination of the [ST], [AUX5], and [AUX6] buttons – including none.

Convert the monitor signal to monaural by pressing the [MONO] button or mute the output by 20 dB by pressing the [DIM] button.

SOLO Button

You can monitor input channels in isolation by pressing the [SOLO] button. The LEDs in the centre of the selected channel [ON] buttons are extinguished. You select the channel(s) you want to solo by pressing the corresponding [ON] button. When you press the [SOLO] button again, the originally selected LEDs are illuminated again.

Note: If the 02R is connected to other units with the digital cascade kit (CD8-CS), only the [SOLO] button on the cascade master unit is valid. See "Digital Cascade Kit (CD8-CS)" on page 183 of the User's Guide

TALKBACK Buttons

The talkback system allows you to talk to musicians in the studio without leaving the Digital Recording Console 02R. Press the [T/B] button and start talking. The [SLATE] button sends the talkback signal to the main buses as well as the stereo bus, for example, allowing you to record a memo before recording a take.

You can also record 100Hz , 1kHz , and 10kHz sine waves and white noise tones by using the oscillator function. See "Oscillator" on page 165 of the User's Guide for details.

Monitor Level Controls

C-R LEVEL Control

This control is used to adjust the volume output through the control room monitor outputs.

T/B LEVEL Control

This control adjusts the volume of the talkback signal. The talkback signal is picked up by the built-in microphone right below the control.

STUDIO LEVEL Control

This control is used to adjust the overall volume output through the studio monitor outputs.

If you are using a headphone amplifier to provide studio monitoring, you may need a unit that allows individual adjustment of each set of headphones.

PHONES LEVEL Control

This control is used to adjust the volume of a set of stereo headphones plugged into the connector just above the control.

4

MIXING Display Functions

In this chapter...

Phase and Attenuation 32
Delay 34
Pan and Balance. 36
Stereo-Pair Pans 37
Stereo Width 37
PAN controls 38
Routing 39
ROUTING buttons. 40
Metering 41
View. 44
Channel Library. 47
Equalizer. 49
EQUALIZER controls 51
Equalizer Programs. 52
Equalizer Library. 53
Preset EQ Program Parameters 56

Phase and Attenuation

1. Press the (Ø/ATT) button.

0/ATT

The / ATT display function appears.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.
2. To change the phase, press the (ENTER) button. The NOR icon changes to REV and is highlighted in reverse video when the phase is inverted.
3. To change the attenuation, rotate the encoder wheel until the desired value is shown.

Note: Double-click the [ENTER] button to set all the channels phase and attenuation to the same level as the selected channel. The STEREO channel is not affected.

1. Select another channel by pressing the (SEL) buttons of the CURSOR buttons.

Phase

The Phase () function inverts the phase of the selected signal. When the phase of an channel is inverted against a corresponding channel, it can cause attenuation of both channels due to phase-cancellation. This can be caused by incorrectly wired cables or connectors. It can also be caused improper microphone placement, especially when attempting to record in stereo.

The Phase () function can compensate for these problems. It is also useful, for example, when a snare drum is miked top and bottom. In this case the bottom microphone signal should be phase inverted. The phase can be set to normal or reverse (inverted) for the input channels and the tape and effect returns.

The stereo input channels are always ganged together. The MIC/LINE and TAPE channels are always set independently even when they have been linked together in GANG mode with the PAN function.

Note: You cannot invert the phase of the STEREO output channel.

Attenuation

The Attenuation function is used to cut the level of the selected signal by as much as 96 dB. This attenuation is applied after the signal has been converted to digital (or format converted in the case of a digital input).

Note: The STEREO output channel attenuation is in the range of +12 dB to -96 dB. The attenuation for all other channels is 0 dB to -96 dB.

The attenuation function is repeated in the EQUALIZER display functions, where it can be used to compensate for the gain increases caused by boosting different frequencies.

You can also set the phase and attenuation with the VIEW display function.

Display Screens

There are two screens in the /ATT display function. Shown below is the first - MIC/LINE 1 through 16 and LINE 17/18 through 23/24:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for one of the MIC/LINE channels.

Shown below is the second screen – TAPE 1 through 16, EFF1 and EFF2, and STEREO output (attenuation only):

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for the tape or effect returns channels or the master stereo output channel.

Delay

1. Press the (DELAY) button.

DELAY

The DELAY display function appears.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.
2. By default, the delay is off. Press the (ENTER) button to turn it on. The OFF icon, highlighted in reverse video, changes to ON.
3. Use the CURSOR buttons to select either (Spl) or (mSEC).
4. To change the delay, rotate the encoder wheel until the desired value is shown.

Note: Double-click the [ENTER] button to set the delay for all channels to the same value as the selected channel.

Rotate the encoder clockwise to increase the delay amount and counter-clockwise to decrease the delay amount.

The DELAY display function is used to apply a small amount of delay to input or return signals to compensate for situations such as line or cabling delays or the gap between the record and playback heads (or circuitry) of your multitrack recorder. You can delay a signal from 0 to 2,600 samples – at 44.1kHz this is a delay of 0 to 59.0ms and at 48kHz it is a delay of 0 to 54.2ms .

Delay can be applied to any of the input channels and the tape and effect return channels. The stereo input channels are always ganged together. The MIC/LINE and TAPE channels are set independently only when they are not linked together in GANG mode with the PAN function

Delay and Cascade

If you use a digital cascade kit (CD8-CS) to connect more than four 02Rs together, you will need to use the DELAY display function to apply delay to the machines closest to the output. Set a delay value of 10 to 20 samples for each unit.

The digital cascade kit will automatically apply the correct amount of delay when you connect four or less 02Rs together. See "Cascade Configuration" on page 157 of the User's Guide.

Display Screens

The following illustration shows the first screen of the DELAY display function. It shows the MIC/LINE 1 through 16 and LINE 17/18 through 23/24:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for one of the MIC/LINE channels.

The following illustration shows the second screen - TAPE 1 through 16 and the effect returns, EFF1 and EFF2:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for the tape or effect returns channels.

Fine-Tuning the Delay

You can adjust the delay, either samples [Spl] or milliseconds [mSEC] with coarse or fine precision just by the placement of the cursor on the selected channel.

For example, if the cursor is positioned over the thousands digit of the samples [Spl] field, when you rotate the encoder wheel, the values increase or decrease by thousands of samples.

If the cursor is positioned over the hundreds or tens digit of the samples field, when you rotate the encoder wheel, the values increase or decrease by hundreds or tens of samples.

The same is true when the cursor is positioned over the ones digit of the samples field, or the tens, ones, or decimal digits of the milliseconds [mSEC] field.

Pan and Balance

1. Press the (PAN) button.

PAN

The PAN display function appears.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.
2. To change the pan position, rotate the encoder wheel until the desired value is shown.

The PAN display function is used to pan and balance signals. The input channels, including the stereo input channels, and the tape and effect returns can be panned, and the stereo output can be balanced.

Display Screens

Shown below is the first screen of the PAN display function – MIC/LINE 1 through 16 and LINE 17/18 through 23/24:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for one of the MIC/LINE channels.

Shown below is the second screen - TAPE 1 through 16, EFF1 and EFF2, and STEREO output (balance):

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for the tape or effect return channels or the master stereo output.

The number of the selected channel is highlighted. Channel pan positions are indicated by marker lines, just like the ones on real knobs. The current pan value is displayed under the panpot icon.

Pan Positions

Including center, there are 33 pan positions:

$$ \mathrm {L} 1 6 \leftarrow \mathrm {L} 1 5 \leftarrow \dots \leftarrow \mathrm {L} 2 \leftarrow \mathrm {L} 1 \leftarrow \mathrm {C} \rightarrow \mathrm {R} 1 \rightarrow \mathrm {R} 2 \rightarrow \dots \rightarrow \mathrm {R} 1 5 \rightarrow \mathrm {R} 1 6 $$

Stereo-Pair Pans

1. Press the (PAN) button.

PAN

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.
2. Press the (ENTER) button to connect the odd and even channels together.

Odd and even pairs of channels can be linked together in GANG mode providing simultaneous pan adjustment. This function can be set by pressing [ENTER] when one of a pair of channels is selected. The GANG is indicated by a pair of dotted lines linking the top and bottom of the pan control icons as shown in the following illustration:

To set the channels back to INDIVIDUAL mode, just press the [ENTER] button again. The dotted lines between the pan control icons are deleted.

Stereo Width

In INDIVIDUAL mode, the width of a stereo signal can be set. When the pan controls are set hard-left and hard-right, the stereo width is 100% . With both pans set to center the stereo width is 0% . Setting the controls to a position in between allows you to set the stereo width from 0% to 100% . To maintain a central balance, however, you must set both controls to a corresponding left and right values. For example, L5 and R5, or L10 and R10.

Switching to GANG mode allows you to reposition the stereo signal within the stereo field. For example, you could set L5 and R10 before you GANG the channels. After you press [ENTER], adjusting either channel moves the other a corresponding amount. If you set the left channel to L7, the right channel would adjust to R8.

PAN controls

You can also adjust the pan position or balance of the selected channel with the controls in the SELECTED CHANNEL group.

These controls allow you to select the pan position of the selected channel. The buttons select one of two channels (channels are always paired for the pan function). The LED is illuminated in the selected channel of the pair.

Use the rotary encoder to adjust the pan position. The current position is indicated on the adjacent LED bargraph.

You can link the odd and even channel pairs by pressing and holding the [L/ODD] button and then pressing the [R/EVEN] button. When a pair of channels are linked together in GANG mode, The LEDs in both buttons are illuminated and the LED of selected channel flashes. The indicator for the selected channel also flashes in the adjacent LED bargraph.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust any of the controls in this group, the display switches to the PAN display function. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide.

Routing

1. Press the (ROUTING) button.

The ROUTING display function appears.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the routing destinations and press the (ENTER) button to switch a route ON or OFF.

The ROUTING display function is used to select the bus routing of the input channels and tape and effect return signals. The first sixteen input channels, 1 through 16, can also be routed to the direct outputs.

By default, all channels are routed to the stereo bus.

Direct Outputs

All the input channels and tape and effect return signals can be routed to the output buses and the stereo bus. You can only route the first sixteen input channels, MIC/LINE 1 through 16, to the direct outputs.

The outputs for the optional boards are as follows:

Slot	Direct Out all OFF	Direct Out all ON
Slot 1	Bus 1 to 8	Direct 1 to 8
Slot 2	Bus 1 to 8	Direct 9 to 16
Slot 3	Bus 1 to 8	Bus 1 to 8
Slot 4	Bus 1 to 8	Bus 1 to 8

If you select both direct out and an output bus for a channel, the direct output will take priority.

Display Screens

Shown below is the first page of the ROUTING display function - MIC/LINE 1 through 16 and LINE 17/18 through 23/24:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for one of the MIC/LINE channels.

Shown below is the second screen - TAPE 1 through 16, EFF1 and EFF2, and STEREO output (balance):

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for the tape or effect returns channels or the master stereo output.

ROUTING buttons

You can also adjust the routing for the selected channel with the ROUTING buttons in the SELECTED CHANNEL group. A route is selected ON when its icon is highlighted on the display in reverse video.

The routing buttons allow you to directly select the destination for the selected channel. The LED inset each the button illuminates to indicate the status of the channel.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust any of the buttons in this group, the display switches to the ROUTING display function. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide.

Metering

1. Press the (METER) button.

METER

The METER display function appears.

To select the first screen, press the (METER) button. Subsequent presses of the (METER) button select the next two screens in sequence.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons or the CURSOR buttons.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the PEAK HOLD icon and press the (ENTER) button to switch the function on or off.
3. Select one of the meter source point icons - PRE EQ, POST EQ, or POST FADER - with the CURSOR buttons. Make it the current meter point by pressing the (ENTER) button.

The Digital Recording Console 02R features comprehensive signal level metering. The mono and stereo input channels, the tape and effect returns, and the auxiliary sends and buses are all metered using the METER display function. The control room output is metered using the dedicated 21-segment LED meters. Peak hold is available for all meters.

Display Screens

The METER display function consists of three screens. The first screen shows the input channels – MIC/LINE 1 through 16 and LINE 17/18 through 23/24:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for one of the MIC/LINE channels.

The second screen shows the tape and effect returns - TAPE 1 through 16 and EFF1 and EFF2:

Select this screen by pressing a [SEL] button for the tape or effect returns channels. You can also select this screen by pressing the [METER] button until it appears in sequence.

Setting the Bus Levels

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select one of the bus fader icons.
2. Adjust the level of the bus by rotating the encoder wheel.

The third screen shows the output and auxiliary buses and the stereo output, plus level faders for the buses:

Select this screen by pressing the [SEL] button for the stereo output. You can also select this screen by pressing the [METER] button until it appears in sequence.

Peak Hold

The Peak Hold function can be turned on and off from any screen of the METER display function. Clear the peak hold levels by turning the Peak Hold off (select the PEAK HOLD icon and press the [ENTER] button) or by selecting another display function. The dedicated control room output meter peak hold is not affected when other display functions are selected.

Note: When the 02R reaches CLIP, digital signal distortion occurs. You must ensure this does not happen. Digital distortion is very unpleasant sounding. There are several things you can do. If CLIP is reached, but the corresponding PEAK indicator is not illuminated, you need to attenuate the channel slightly with the / ATT display function (see "Phase and Attenuation" on page 32 of the User's Guide). Otherwise, back off the GAIN control a little (see "GAIN Controls" on page 27 of the User's Guide).

Meter Source Points

The following table lists the meter signal source points:

Signal	Source Points
MIC/LINE 1~24	Post GAIN and A/D, Pre EQ	Post EQ	Post Fader
TAPE 1~16, EFF1, EFF2	Pre EQ	Post EQ	Post Fader
BUS 1~8, AUX 1~8, STE-REO OUT	Pre Fader		Post Fader

By changing the meter source points, you can easily observe the effect of changing the EQ or channel fader levels on the signal.

Note: Switching the meter source point for the input channels switches it for the tape and effect returns as well. Switching it for the tape and effect return changes the input channels.

Optional Meter Bridge - MB02

If your Digital Recording Console 02R is equipped with the optional Meter Bridge - MB02, the METER display function controls both the selection of the meter points for each channel as well as switching the Peak Hold function ON or OFF. The levels displayed on the optional meter bridge will be identical to the levels shown on the display screen when the METER display function is selected.

View

1. Press the (VIEW) button.

The VIEW display function appears.

1. Select a channel by pressing one of the (SEL) buttons.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select an item.
3. Adjust the value of the item using the encoder wheel and/or the (ENTER) button.
4. To set the EQ, use the CURSOR buttons to select the EQ curve and press the (ENTER) button. The 02R will switch to the EQUALIZER display function.
5. To set the dynamics, select the dynamics curve with the CURSOR buttons and press the (ENTER) button. The 02R will switch to the DYNAMICS display function.

The VIEW display function allows you to see all the parameters of an individual channel at a glance and adjust any parameter that you feel requires a change. You can view the input channels (MIC/LINE 1 through 16, LINE 17/18 through 23/24) and the tape and effect return channels (TAPE 1 through 16, EFF1 and EFF2).

Display Screen

Shown below is the VIEW display function:

Unlike the previous display functions in this section, the VIEW display function shows the currently selected channel only.

Phase/Attenuation

Each time you press the [ENTER] button, the phase will alternate between NOR (normal) and REV (inverted). Rotate the encoder wheel to adjust the attenuation.

These controls duplicate the phase/attenuation function. See "Phase and Attenuation" on page 32 of the User's Guide.

Pan

Rotate the encoder wheel to set the pan position. You may find the PAN controls in the SELECTED CHANNEL group more convenient for setting the pan position.

When you press the [ENTER] button, the channel will be linked with its adjacent channel in GANG mode. Dotted lines will indicate the connection to the corresponding channel. Press the [ENTER] button again to switch back to INDIVIDUAL mode.

See "Pan and Balance" on page 36 and "Stereo-Pair Pans" on page 37 of the User's Guide.

Pair

Each time you press the [ENTER] button, PAIR will alternately be set or cancelled. Pair only applies to the individual input and tape return channels. See "Pairing Channels" on page 150 of the User's Guide.

If the selected channel is one of the stereo input channels or the effect return channels, the PAIR function does not apply. Instead the pan control icon for the opposite channel will be displayed here.

Routing

Use the CURSOR buttons to select the routing assignment. Each time you press the [ENTER] button, the selected route will alternately switch on or off. You may find using the ROUTING buttons in the SELECTED CHANNEL group a more convenient way to select the routes. See "Routing" on page 39 of the User's Guide.

Delay

Rotate the encoder wheel clockwise to increase the delay, counter-clockwise to decrease the delay. You can select "Spl" (samples) or "mSEC" (milliseconds) with the CURSOR buttons. Press the [ENTER] button to turn the delay on or off. See "Delay" on page 34 of the User's Guide.

Note: The fine-tuning procedure is not available from this display function. See "Fine-Tuning the Delay" on page 35 of the User's Guide.

Meter Source Point

When the cursor is located at this part of the display, as you press the [ENTER] button, you can cycle through the meter source points – PRE EQ, POST EQ, or POST FADER. There are also level meters for the channel pair (selected and its corresponding even or odd mate). See “Metering” on page 41 of the User's Guide.

Groups and Channel ON

Use the CURSOR buttons to select the fader and mute group icons. Each time you press the [ENTER] button, the selected group will alternately be set or cancelled. Remember that a channel can only belong to one fader group and one mute group. See "Grouping Faders" on page 148 and "Grouping Mutes" on page 149 of the User's Guide.

Press the [ON] button to turn the channel on or off. See "ON Buttons" on page 28 of the User's Guide.

Beside the fader and mute group icons is the fader position icon. You cannot adjust this from the display, but it accurately reflects the current position of the channel fader. Displayed below the icon is the fader position in dB. See "Faders" on page 28 of the User's Guide.

Auxiliary Sends

Select an auxiliary channel with the CURSOR buttons. Each time you press the [ENTER] button, the setting alternates between pre and post-fader. To adjust the signal or to turn the send on or off, you need to use the AUX controls in the SELECTED CHANNEL group. The SEND LEVEL control adjusts the signal level and the [ON] button turns the send on or off. See "The AUX Buttons" on page 85 as well as "AUX 7 and AUX 8" on page 92 of the User's Guide.

Equalizer

When the cursor is on the ON icon, pressing the [ENTER] button will turn the equalizer on or off. When the equalizer is on, the icon text is "ON" and is displayed in reverse video.

Use the CURSOR buttons to select the EQ curve icon and press the [ENTER] button. The 02R will switch to the EQUALIZER display function. See "Equalizer" on page 49 of the User's Guide. To return to the VIEW display function, press the [VIEW] button again.

You may find using the EQUALIZER controls in the SELECTED CHANNEL group a more convenient way to set the equalization. See "EQUALIZER controls" on page 51 of the User's Guide.

Dynamics

When the cursor is on the OFF icon, pressing the [ENTER] button will turn the dynamics processor on or off. When the dynamics processor is off, the icon text is "OFF" and is displayed in normal video.

Use the CURSOR buttons to select the dynamics curve and press the [ENTER] button. The 02R will switch to the DYNAMICS display function. See "DYNAMICS Display Function" on page 69 of the User's Guide. To return to the VIEW display function, press the [VIEW] button again.

If the selected channel is one of the effect return channels, dynamics is replaced by the EFFECT TYPE display. It shows the name of the current effects program for the channel. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the effects program name and press the [ENTER] button. The 02R will switch to the EFFECT display function. See "Effects" on page 94 of the User's Guide. To return to the VIEW display function, press the [VIEW] button again.

Library

When the cursor is located on the LIB icon, press the [ENTER] button to access the channel library. You can also press the [VIEW] button again to achieve the same thing.

Channel Library

1. Press the (VIEW) button again.

The CHANNEL Library screen appears.

The Channel Library is used to access and store channel settings – stored as programs. There are 64 user programs (plus an UNDO buffer) for you to store your channel settings.

You can access this screen from the VIEW display function by selecting the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and pressing the [ENTER] button.

Display Screen

Shown below is the CHANNEL Library screen.

Storing Channel Programs

1. Select the STORE icon with the CURSOR button and use the encoder wheel to select a program number.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons and encoder wheel to name the program.
3. Press the (ENTER) button. The 02R pops up a confirmation request.
4. Select EXECUTE and press the (ENTER) button. The channel program is stored.

Recalling Channel Programs

The Channel Library is overlaid on the previous VIEW display function screen.

The top of the display is a scrolling box containing the channel programs. The bottom of the display contains the control icons and the TITLE EDIT box. Use the CURSOR buttons to select from the STORE, RECALL, COPY, PASTE, INS., DEL., and EXIT control icons.

Selecting the EXIT icon and pressing the [ENTER] button switches back to the VIEW display function. You can also just press the [VIEW] button again.

1. Select the RECALL icon with the CURSOR buttons.
2. Use the encoder wheel to select a channel program.
3. Press the (ENTER) button. The channel program is recalled.

Control Icons

• STORE - This icon is used to store the current program to the library. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select a program and press the [ENTER] button. The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

Note: You can customize your 02R to prevent the confirmation popup from appearing during the STORE operation. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The program is stored.

When you confirm a STORE operation, any existing data in the selected program location will be overwritten.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

• RECALL - This icon is used to recall a program from the library. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select a program and press the [ENTER] button. The recalled program is now the current program.
• COPY – This icon is used to copy the name of a library program. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select a program and press the [ENTER] button. The program name is copied into an edit buffer.
• PASTE - This icon is used to paste a program name previously selected with the COPY operation into the TITLE EDIT box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The program name is pasted from the edit buffer into the TITLE EDIT box for subsequent editing.
• INS. - This icon is used to insert blank characters into the TITLE EDIT box at the current cursor location. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.
• DEL. - This icon is used to delete characters from the TITLE EDIT box at the current cursor location. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.

UNDO Operation

When the 02R stores or recalls a program, the previous settings are always preserved in the UNDO buffer. If you discover you have made a mistake, you can always recall the UNDO buffer (displayed as "U:" in the scrolling list of programs). Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon, then rotate the encoder wheel until the UNDO buffer is the current program, and press the [ENTER] button. The previous settings are restored.

Program Name

Channel program names can be up to 16 characters long and can contain any of the following characters:

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Equalizer

1. Press the (EQ) button.

The EQUALIZER display function appears.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the EQ ON icon. Press the (ENTER) button to turn the EQ on or off.

The icon changes from ON to OFF. When the EQ is on, the icon is highlighted in reverse video.

1. Select a control icon using the CURSOR buttons, for example the "F" control for the H-MID band.
2. To change the value of the selected item, rotate the encoder wheel until the desired value is shown.

The Digital Recording Console 02R is equipped with a four-band, fully parametric equalizer, with variable bandwidth, center frequency, gain, and ON/OFF parameters.

EQ can be applied to the input channels (MIC/LINE 1 through 16, LINE 17/18 through 23/24), the tape and effect return channels (TAPE 1 through 16, EFF1 and EFF2), and the stereo output. For stereo channels, the equalization curve is applied equally to both channels.

Display Screen

Shown below is the EQUALIZER display function:

Similar to the VIEW display function, the EQUALIZER display function shows the equalization for the currently selected channel only.

The top of the display shows the EQ library icon, the equalization curve, and a level meter for the currently selected channel pair. The vertical dotted line in the equalization curve indicates the center frequency of the selected band.

The bottom of the display contains the control icons for adjusting the parameters for the currently selected channel:

• ATT - The attenuator rotary icon is used to set the channel level.
  Note: The attenuator rotary icon is adjusting the same parameter as in the / ATT display function. When you boost the gain of the equalization curve, you may cause the overall signal level to reach CLIP. Watch the level meters for the selected pair as you adjust the equalizer values. If CLIP is reached, digital signal distortion will occur.

• EQ ON icon – Indicates the status of the equalizer, on or off. The text "ON" is highlighted in reverse video when the equalizer is on.

• Rotary icons – There is an icon for bandwidth (Q), center frequency (F), and gain (G) for each of the four bands, LOW, L-MID, H-MID, and HIGH.

Use the CURSOR buttons to select the desired icon and adjust its value with the rotary encoder. Switch the equalizer on or off by pressing the [ENTER] button.

Equalization parameters:

	Q	F	G
LOW/HPF	Peak 10 to 0.1 in 41 steps / SHELF / HPF	21 Hz to 20.1 kHz in 1/12 octave steps *1	±18 dB in 0.5 dB steps HPF = ON/OFF
L-MID	Peak 10 to 0.1 in 41 steps	21 Hz to 20.1 kHz in 1/12 octave steps *1	±18 dB in 0.5 dB steps
H-MID	Peak 10 to 0.1 in 41 steps	21 Hz to 20.1 kHz in 1/12 octave steps *1	±18 dB in 0.5 dB steps
HIGH/LPF	Peak 10 to 0.1 in 41 steps / SHELF / LPF	21 Hz to 20.1 kHz in 1/12 octave steps *1	±18 dB in 0.5 dB steps LPF = ON/OFF

*1 When the sampling frequency is 32kHz , the frequency range (F) is 21Hz to 15.1kHz

EQUALIZER controls

You can also adjust the equalization for the selected channel with the EQUALIZER controls in the SELECTED CHANNEL group.

These controls allow you to adjust the equalization of the selected channel. Select the band you want to adjust with one the buttons in the top row: [LOW/HPF], [L-MID], [H-MID], or [HIGH/LPF]. The three LED indicators will reflect the status of the selected band. Adjust the values, Q (bandwidth), F (frequency), and G (gain), with the corresponding rotary encoders. Use the [EQ ON] button to insert the equalization into the channel.

Note: You can customize your 02R so that when you adjust any of the controls in this group, the display switches to the EQUALIZER display function. See "Preferences" on page 162 of the User's Guide.

Reset the Gain

You can reset the gain of each band to 0.0dB by double-clicking the corresponding [LOW/HPF], [L-MID], [H-MID], or [HIGH/LPF] buttons.

Reset the Equalizer

You can reset all the values of the equalizer for the selected channel. Press and hold the [LOW/HPF] button and then press the [HIGH/LPF] button.

All the equalizer values will be reset to their default.

	LOW/HPF	L-MID	H-MID	HIGH/LPF
Q	LOW SHELF	Peak – 0.7	Peak – 0.7	HIGH SHELF
F	125 Hz	1.00 kHz	4.00 kHz	10.0 kHz
G	0dB	0dB	0dB	0dB

Equalizer Programs

These are the preset equalizer programs.

No	Program Name	No	Program Name
1	Bass Drum 1	21	A.G.Stroke 2
2	Bass Drum 2	22	A.G.Arpeggio 1
3	Snare Drum 1	23	A.G.Arpeggio 2
4	Snare Drum 2	24	Brass Section
5	Tom-tom 1	25	Male Vocal 1
6	Cymbal	26	Male Vocal 2
7	High Hat	27	Female Vocal 1
8	Percussion	28	Female Vocal 2
9	E.Bass 1	29	Chorus & Harmony
10	E.Bass 2	30	Total EQ 1
11	Syn.Bass 1	31	Total EQ 2
12	Syn.Bass 2	32	Total EQ 3
13	Piano 1	33	Bass Drum 3
14	Piano 2	34	Snare Drum 3
15	E.G.Clean	35	Tom-tom 2
16	E.G.Crunch 1	36	Piano 3
17	E.G.Crunch 2	37	Piano Low
18	E.G.Distortion 1	38	Piano High
19	E.G.Distortion 2	39	Fine-EQ(Cass)
20	A.G.Stroke 1	40	Narrator

Note: The programs 33 to 40 contain preset programs and are listed in the table above. However, you can store your own settings to these programs.

Equalizer Library

1. Press the (EQ) button again.

The EQUALIZER Library display function appears.

The Equalizer Library is used to access and store EQ settings – stored as programs. There are 40 preset programs (1 to 40) for you to recall and 88 user programs (41 to 128 plus UNDO) for you to store your own EQ settings.

You can access this screen from the EQUALIZER display function by selecting the LIB icon with the CURSOR buttons and pressing the [ENTER] button.

Recalling EQ Programs

Display Screen

Shown below is the EQUALIZER Library display screen.

1. Select a channel using the (SEL) buttons.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon and select an EQ program with the encoder wheel.
3. Press the (ENTER) button. The EQ program is recalled.

Storing EQ Programs

1. Use the CURSOR buttons to select the STORE icon and select an EQ program with the encoder wheel.
2. Use the CURSOR buttons and encoder wheel to name the program.
3. Press the (ENTER) button. The O2R pops up a confirmation request.
4. Select EXECUTE and press the (ENTER) button. The EQ program is stored.

The top of the display shows the EQ library icon, the equalization curve, and a level meter for the currently selected channel pair.

The middle of the display shows a scrolling list of EQ programs. The name of the EQ program under the cursor is highlighted. The encoder wheel is used to scroll through the program list. A small diagram of the response curve of the highlighted EQ program is shown to the right.

Beside the list of EQ programs is the TITLE EDIT field. The CURSOR buttons are used to select the character, and the encoder wheel is used to change its value.

The bottom of the display contains the control button icons. Use the CURSOR buttons to select from the STORE, RECALL, COPY, PASTE, INS., and DEL. icons.

Exiting the Library

Selecting the LIB icon and pressing the [ENTER] button switches back to the EQUALIZER display function. You can also press the [EQ] button again.

Control Icons

• STORE - This icon is used to store the current program to the library. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select a program and press the [ENTER] button. The 02R will display a popup confirmation request message asking if you want to store your settings in the selected program. The popup has two control icons: "CANCEL" and "EXECUTE".

Note: You can customize your 02R to prevent the confirmation popup from appearing during the STORE operation. See “Preferences” on page 162 of the User's Guide for more information.

CANCEL is the default. To cancel the STORE operation, either press the [ENTER] button or wait about 10 seconds – the STORE operation will be automatically cancelled.

To store your settings, use the CURSOR buttons to select the "EXECUTE" control icon and press the [ENTER] button. The program is stored.

When you confirm a STORE operation, any existing data in the selected program location will be overwritten.

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS BE CAREFUL WHEN THE 02R DISPLAYS ITS CONFIRMATION POPUPMESSAGE!

• RECALL - This icon is used to recall a program from the library. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select a program and press the [ENTER] button. The recalled program is now the current program.
• COPY – This icon is used to copy the name of a library program. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons. Use the encoder wheel to select a program and press the [ENTER] button. The program name is copied into an edit buffer.
• PASTE – This icon is used to paste a program name previously selected with the COPY operation into the TITLE EDIT box. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button. The program name is pasted from the edit buffer into the TITLE EDIT box for subsequent editing.
• INS. - This icon is used to insert blank characters into the TITLE EDIT box at the current cursor location. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.
• DEL. - This icon is used to delete characters from the TITLE EDIT box at the current cursor location. Select the icon with the CURSOR buttons and press the [ENTER] button.

UNDO Operation

When the 02R stores or recalls a program, the previous settings are always preserved in the UNDO buffer. If you discover you have made a mistake, you can always recall the UNDO buffer (displayed as "U:" in the scrolling list of programs). Use the CURSOR buttons to select the RECALL icon, then rotate the encoder wheel until the UNDO buffer is the current program, and press the [ENTER] button. The previous settings are restored.

Program Name

Equalizer program names can be up to 16 characters long and can contain any of the following characters:

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Preset EQ Program Parameters

No	Name	Parameter					Description
		LOW	L-MID	H-MID	HIGH
1	Bass Drum 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasizes the low range of the bass drum and the attack created by the beater.
		Q	1.2	10	0.9
		F	99Hz	265Hz	1.05kHz	5.33kHz
		G	+3.5dB	-3.5dB	0.0dB	+4.0dB
2	Bass Drum 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	LPF	Creates a peak around 80Hz, producing a tight, stiff sound.
		Q	1.4	4.5	2.2
		F	79Hz	397Hz	2.52kHz	12.6kHz
		G	+8.0dB	-7.0dB	+6.0dB	ON
3	Snare Drum 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasizes snapping and rimshot sounds.
		Q	1.2	4.5	0.11
		F	132Hz	1.00kHz	3.17kHz	5.04kHz
		G	-0.5dB	0.0dB	+3.0dB	+4.5dB
4	Snare Drum 2		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Emphasizes the ranges of that classic rock snare drum sound.
		Q		10	0.7	0.1
		F	177Hz	334Hz	2.37kHz	4.00kHz
		G	+1.5dB	-8.5dB	+2.5dB	+4.0dB
5	Tom-tom 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Emphasizes the attack of tom-toms, and creates a long, "leathery" decay.
		Q	1.4	10	1.2	0.28
		F	210Hz	667Hz	4.49kHz	6.35kHz
		G	+2.0dB	-7.5dB	+2.0dB	+1.0dB
6	Cymbal		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasizes the attack of crash cymbals, extending the "sparkling" decay.
		Q		8	0.9
		F	105Hz	420Hz	1.05kHz	13.4kHz
		G	-2.0dB	0.0dB	0.0dB	+3.0dB
7	High Hat		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use on a tight high-hat, emphasizing the mid to high range.
		Q		0.5	1
		F	94Hz	420Hz	2.82kHz	7.55kHz
		G	-4.0dB	-2.5dB	+1.0dB	+0.5dB
8	Percussion		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasizes the attack and clarifies the high-range of instruments, such as shakers, cabanas, and congas.
		Q		4.5	0.56
		F	99Hz	397Hz	2.82kHz	16.9kHz
		G	-4.5dB	0.0dB	+2.0dB	0.0dB
9	E.Bass 1		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Makes a tight electric bass sound by cutting very low frequencies.
		Q		5	4.5
		F	35Hz	111Hz	2.00kHz	4.00kHz
		G	-7.5dB	+4.5dB	+2.5dB	0.0dB
10	E.Bass 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Unlike program 9, this emphasizes the high range of the electric bass.
		Q	0.1	5	6.3
		F	111Hz	111Hz	2.24kHz	4.00kHz
		G	+3.0dB	0.0dB	+2.5dB	+0.5dB
11	Syn.Bass 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use on a synth bass with emphasized low range.
		Q	0.1	8	4.5
		F	83Hz	944Hz	4.00kHz	12.6kHz
		G	+3.5dB	+8.5dB	0.0dB	0.0dB
12	Syn.Bass 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasizes the attack that is peculiar to a synth bass.
		Q	1.6	8	2.2
		F	125Hz	177Hz	1.12kHz	12.6kHz
		G	+2.5dB	0.0dB	+1.5dB	0.0dB
13	Piano 1		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is used to make a piano sound brighter.
		Q		8	0.9
		F	94Hz	944Hz	3.17kHz	7.55kHz
		G	-6.0dB	0.0dB	+2.0dB	+4.0dB
14	Piano 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasize the attack and low range of the piano sound by using a compressor.
		Q	5.6	10	0.7
		F	223Hz	595Hz	3.17kHz	5.33kHz
		G	+3.5dB	-8.5dB	+1.5dB	+3.0dB
15	E.G.Clean		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use for line-recording an electric guitar or semi-acoustic guitar to get a slightly hard sound.
		Q	0.18	10	6.3
		F	265Hz	397Hz	1.33kHz	4.49kHz
		G	+2.0dB	-5.5dB	+0.5dB	+2.5dB
16	E.G.Crunch 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Adjusts the tonal quality of a slightly distorted guitar sound.
		Q	8	4.5	0.63	9
		F	140Hz	1.00kHz	1.88kHz	5.65kHz
		G	+4.5dB	0.0dB	+4.0dB	+2.0dB
17	E.G.Crunch 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 16.
		Q	8	0.4	0.16
		F	125Hz	445Hz	3.36kHz	19.0kHz
		G	+2.5dB	+1.5dB	+2.5dB	0.0dB
18	E.G.Distortion 1		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Makes a heavily distorted guitar sound clearer.
		Q		9	10
		F	354Hz	944Hz	3.36kHz	12.6kHz
		G	+5.0dB	0.0dB	+3.5dB	0.0dB
19	E.G.Distortion 2		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 18.
		Q		10	4
		F	315Hz	1.05kHz	4.23kHz	12.6kHz
		G	+6.0dB	-8.5dB	+4.5dB	+4.0dB
20	A.G.Stroke 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Emphasizes the bright tones of an acoustic guitar.
		Q	0.9	4.5	3.5
		F	105Hz	1.00kHz	1.88kHz	5.33kHz
		G	-2.0dB	0.0dB	+1.0dB	+4.0dB
21	A.G.Stroke 2		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 20. You can also use it for the electric gut guitar.
		Q		9	4.5
		F	297Hz	749Hz	2.00kHz	3.56kHz
		G	-3.5dB	-2.0dB	0.0dB	+2.0dB
22	A.G.Arpeggio 1		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Corrects arpeggio technique of an acoustic guitar.
		Q		4.5	4.5	0.12
		F	223Hz	1.00kHz	4.00kHz	6.72kHz
		G	-0.5dB	0.0dB	0.0dB	+2.0dB
23	A.G.Arpeggio 2		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 22.
		Q		7	4.5
		F	177Hz	354Hz	4.00kHz	4.23kHz
		G	0.0dB	-5.5dB	0.0dB	+4.0dB
24	Brass Section		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Use with trumpets, trombones, or sax. With one instrument, adjust the HIGH or H-MID frequency.
		Q	2.8	2	0.7	7
		F	88Hz	841Hz	2.11kHz	4.49kHz
		G	-2.0dB	+1.0dB	+1.5dB	+3.0dB
25	Male Vocal 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Use as a template for male vocal. Adjust the HIGH or H-MID setting according to the voice quality.
		Q	0.11	4.5	0.56	0.11
		F	187Hz	1.00kHz	2.00kHz	6.72kHz
		G	-0.5dB	0.0dB	+2.0dB	+3.5dB
26	Male Vocal 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 25.
		Q	0.11	10	5.6
		F	167Hz	236Hz	2.67kHz	6.72kHz
		G	+2.0dB	-5.0dB	+2.5dB	+4.0dB
27	Female Vocal 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Use as a template for female vocal. Adjust the HIGH or H-MID setting according to the voice quality.
		Q	0.18	0.45	0.56	0.14
		F	118Hz	397Hz	2.67kHz	5.99kHz
		G	-1.0dB	+1.0dB	+1.5dB	+2.0dB
28	Female Vocal 2		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 27
		Q		0.16	0.2
		F	111Hz	334Hz	2.00kHz	6.72kHz
		G	-7.0dB	+1.5dB	+1.5dB	+2.5dB
29	Chorus & Harmony		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Use as a template for a chorus. It makes the entire chorus much brighter.
		Q	2.8	2	0.7	7
		F	88Hz	841Hz	2.11kHz	4.49kHz
		G	-2.0dB	+1.0dB	+1.5dB	+3.0dB
30	Total EQ 1		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use on the STEREO bus during mixdown. For more effect, try it with a compressor.
		Q	7	2.2	5.6
		F	94Hz	944Hz	2.11kHz	16.0kHz
		G	-0.5dB	0.0dB	+3.0dB	+6.5dB
31	Total EQ 2		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 30.
		Q	7	2.8	5.6
		F	94Hz	749Hz	1.78kHz	17.9kHz
		G	+4.0dB	+1.5dB	+2.0dB	+6.0dB
32	Total EQ 3		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 30. Also use these programs for stereo inputs or external effect returns.
		Q		0.28	0.7
		F	66Hz	841Hz	1.88kHz	15.1kHz
		G	+1.5dB	+0.5dB	+2.0dB	+4.0dB
33	Bass Drum 3		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	This is a variation on program 1. The low and mid range is removed.
		Q	2	10	0.4	0.4
		F	118Hz	315Hz	4.23kHz	20.1kHz
		G	+3.5dB	-10.0dB	+3.5dB	0.0dB
34	Snare Drum 3		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	This is a variation on program 3. It creates rather thick sound.
		Q		4.5	2.8	0.1
		F	223Hz	561Hz	4.23kHz	4.00kHz
		G	0.0dB	+2.0dB	+3.5dB	0.0dB
35	Tom-tom 2		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 5. Emphasizes the mid and high range.
		Q		4.5	1.2
		F	88Hz	210Hz	5.33kHz	16.9kHz
		G	-9.0dB	+1.5dB	+2.0dB	0.0dB
36	Piano 3		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	This is a variation on program 13.
		Q	8	10	9
		F	99Hz	472Hz	2.37kHz	10.0kHz
		G	+4.5dB	-13.0dB	+4.5dB	+2.5dB
37	Piano Low		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use for the low range of the piano sound when it is recorded in stereo. Use with program 38.
		Q	10	6.3	2.2
		F	187Hz	397Hz	6.72kHz	12.6kHz
		G	-5.5dB	+1.5dB	+6.0dB	0.0dB
38	Piano High		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	Use for the high range of the piano sound when it is recorded in stereo. Use with program 37.
		Q	10	6.3	2.2	0.1
		F	187Hz	397Hz	6.72kHz	5.65kHz
		G	-5.5dB	+1.5dB	+5.0dB	+3.0dB
39	Fine-EQ(Cass)		L.SHELF	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use for recording to or from cassette tape to make the sound clearer.
		Q		4.5	1.8
		F	74Hz	1.00kHz	4.00kHz	12.6kHz
		G	-1.5dB	0.0dB	+1.0dB	+3.0dB
40	Narrator		PEAKING	PEAKING	PEAKING	H.SHELF	Use for recording a voice reading a text.
		Q	4	7	0.63
		F	105Hz	707Hz	2.52kHz	10.0kHz
		G	-4.0dB	-1.0dB	+2.0dB	0.0dB

Note: These equalizer settings were programmed for recording acoustic musical instruments. If you are using them for a sampler, synthesizer, or rhythm machine, adjust the parameters accordingly.
Note: The programs 33 to 40 contain preset programs and are listed in the table above. However, you can store your own settings to these programs.

5

Dynamics

In this chapter...

Dynamics Processors. 62
PresetDynamicsPrograms 62
Compressor. 63
Expander. 65
Compander. 66
Gate and Ducking 67
DYNAMICS Display Function 69
Patching in a Processor 70
Dynamics Processor Meters 71
KEY IN and LINK Indicators. 72
Dynamics Library 73
PresetDynamicsProgramParameters. 76

Dynamics Processors

Dynamics processors are generally used to correct or control signal levels. However, you can also use them creatively to shape the volume envelope of a sound. The Digital Recording Console 02R features comprehensive dynamics processors for all the input channels, tape returns, and the bus and stereo outputs. These processors allow you to compress, expand, compress-expand (compound), gate, or duck the signals passing through the mixer, giving you unparalleled sonic quality and flexibility.

Preset Dynamics Programs

These are the preset dynamics programs.

No	Program Name		No	Program Name
1	A.Dr.BD	"CMP	21	BrassSection	"CMP
2	A.Dr.BD	"EXP	22	Syn.Pad	"CMP
3	A.Dr.BD	"GAT	23	SamplingPerc	"CPS
4	A.Dr.BD	"CPH	24	Sampling BD	"CMP
5	A.Dr.SN	"CMP	25	Sampling SN	"CMP
6	A.Dr.SN	"EXP	26	Hip Comp	"CPS
7	A.Dr.SN	"GAT	27	Solo Vocal1	"CMP
8	A.Dr.SN	"CPS	28	Solo Vocal2	"CMP
9	A.Dr.Tom	"EXP	29	Chorus	"CMP
10	A.Dr.OverTop	"CPS	30	Compander(H)	"CPH
11	E.B.finger	"CMP	31	Compander(S)	"CPS
12	E.B.slap	"CMP	32	Click Erase	"EXP
13	Syn.Bass	"CMP	33	Announcer	"CPH
14	Piano1	"CMP	34	Easy Gate	"GAT
15	Piano2	"CMP	35	BGM Ducking	"DUK
16	E.Guitar	"CMP	36	Limiter1	"CPS
17	A.Guitar	"CMP	37	Limiter2	"CMP
18	Strings1	"CMP	38	Total Comp1	"CMP
19	Strings2	"CMP	39	Total Comp2	"CMP
20	Strings3	"CMP	40	Total Comp3	"CMP

Compressor

A compressor provides a form of automatic level control. By attenuating high levels, thus effectively reducing the dynamic range, the compressor makes it much easier to control signals and set appropriate fader levels. Reducing the dynamic range also means that recording levels can be set higher, therefore improving the signal-to-noise performance.

Compressor (CMP) parameters:

Parameter	Value
Threshold (dB)	-54 to 0	(55 points)
Ratio	1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10, 20, ∞	(16 points)
Attack (ms)	0 to 120	(121 points)
Outgain (dB)	0 to +18	(36 points)
Knee	hard,1,2,3,4,5	(6 points)
Release (ms)	5 ms to 42.3 sec *1, 6 ms to 46.0 sec *2, 8 ms to 63.4 sec *3	(160 points)

1 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz
2 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 44.1kHz .
*3 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 32kHz

Threshold determines the level of input signal required to trigger the compressor. Signals at a level below the threshold pass through unaffected. Signals at and above the threshold level are compressed by the amount specified using the Ratio parameter. The trigger signal is determined using the KEY IN parameter.

Note: See "KEY IN" on page 70 of the User's Guide for an explanation of the KEY IN parameter.

Ratio controls the amount of compression - the change in output signal level relative to change in input signal level. With a 2:1 ratio, for example, a 10 dB change in input level (above the threshold) results in a 5 dB change in output level. For a 5:1 ratio, a 10 dB change in input level (above the threshold) results in a 2 dB change in output level.

Attack controls how soon the signal is compressed once the compressor has been triggered. With a fast attack time, the signal is compressed almost immediately. With a slow attack time, the initial transient of a sound passes through unaffected.

Out Gain sets the compressor's output signal level. Compression tends to reduce the average signal level. Out Gain can be used to counter this level reduction and set an appropriate level for the next stage in the audio path.

Knee sets the transition of the signal at the threshold. With a hard knee, the transition between uncompressed and compressed signal is immediate. With the softest knee, knee5, the transition starts before the signal reaches the threshold and gradually ends above the threshold.

Release determines how soon the compressor returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level drops below the threshold. If the release time is too short, the gain will recover too quickly causing level pumping - noticeable gain fluctuations. If it is set too long, the compressor may not have time to recover before the next high level signal appears, and it will be compressed incorrectly.

Expander

An expander is another form of automatic level control. By attenuating the signal below the threshold, the expander reduces low-level noise and effectively increases the dynamic range of the recorded material.

Expander (EXP) parameters:

Parameter	Value
Threshold (dB)	-54 to 0	(55 points)
Ratio	1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10, 20, ∞	(16 points)
Attack (ms)	0 to 120	(121 points)
Outgain (dB)	0 to +18	(36 points)
Knee	hard,1,2,3,4,5	(6 points)
Release (ms)	5 ms to 42.3 sec *1, 6 ms to 46.0 sec *2, 8 ms to 63.4 sec *3	(160 points)

1 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz .
2 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 44.1kHz .
*3 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 32kHz

Threshold determines the level of input signal required to trigger the expander. Signals above the threshold pass through unaffected. Signals at and below the threshold level are attenuated by the amount specified using the Ratio parameter. The trigger signal is determined using the KEY IN parameter.

Ratio controls the amount of expansion - the change in output signal level relative to change in input signal level. With a 1:2 ratio, for example, a 5 dB change in input level (below the threshold) results in a 10 dB change in output level. For a 1:5 ratio, a 2 dB change in input level (below the threshold) results in a 10 dB change in output level.

Attack controls how soon the signal is expanded once the expander has been triggered. With a fast attack time, the signal is expanded almost immediately. With a slow attack time, the initial transient of a sound passes through unaffected.

Out Gain sets the expander's output signal level.

Knee sets the transition of the signal at the threshold. With a hard knee, the transition between unexpanded and expanded signal is immediate. With the softest knee, knee5, the transition starts before the signal reaches the threshold and gradually ends above the threshold.

Release determines how soon the expander returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level drops below the threshold.

Compander

A compander is a compressor-expander - a combination of signal compression and expansion. The compander attenuates the input signal above the threshold as well as the level below the width. For very dynamic material, this program allows you to retain the dynamic range without having to be concerned with excessive output signal levels and clipping.

CompanderH (CPH) and CompanderS (CPS) parameters:

Parameter	Value
Threshold (dB)	-54 to 0	(55 points)
Ratio	1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10, 20	(15 points)
Attack (ms)	0 to 120	(121 points)
Outgain (dB)	-18 to 0	(36 points)
Width (dB)	1 to 90	(90 points)
Release (ms)	5 ms to 42.3 sec *1, 6 ms to 46.0 sec *2, 8 ms to 63.4 sec *3	(160 points)

1 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz .
2 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 44.1kHz .
*3 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 32kHz

Threshold determines the level of input signal required to trigger the compander. Signals above the threshold pass through unaffected. Signals at and below the threshold level are attenuated by the amount specified using the Ratio parameter. The trigger signal is determined using the KEY IN parameter.

Ratio controls the amount of companding - the change in output signal level relative to change in input signal level. With a 2:1 ratio, for example, a 10 dB change in input level (above the threshold) results in a 5 dB change in output level. The hard compiler (CPH) has a fixed ratio of 5:1 for expansion and the soft compiler (CPS) has a fixed ratio of 1.5:1 for expansion.

Attack controls how soon the signal is compounded once the compander has been triggered. With a fast attack time, the signal is compounded almost immediately. With a slow attack time, the initial transient of a sound passes through unaffected.

Out Gain sets the compander's output signal level.

Width is used to determine the distance, in decibels, between the expander and the compressor. With a width of 90dB, the expander is effectively switched off and the compander is simply a compressor-limiter. With a smaller width (30dB) and a high threshold (0dB), the compander is an expander-compressor-limiter.

Release determines how soon the compander returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level drops below the threshold.

Gate and Ducking

A gate, or noise gate is an audio switch used to mute signals below a set threshold level. It can be used to suppress background noise and hiss from valve (tube) amps, effects pedals, and microphones.

Ducking is used to automatically reduce the levels of one signal when the level of a source signal exceeds a specified threshold. It is used for voice-over applications where, for example, level of background music is automatically reduced, allowing an announcer to be heard clearly.

Gate (GAT) and Ducking (DUK) parameters:

Parameter	Value
Threshold (dB)	-54 to 0	(55 points)
Range (dB)	-70 to 0	(71 points)
Attack (ms)	0 to 120	(121 points)
Hold (ms)	0.02 ms to 1.96s *1, 0.02 ms to 2.13 sec *2, 0.03 ms to 2.94 sec *3	(216 points)
Decay (ms)	5ms to 42.3s *1, 6 ms to 46.0 sec*2, 8 ms to 63.4 sec *3	(160 points)

1 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz .
2 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 44.1kHz .
*3 These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 32kHz

Threshold sets the level at which the gate closes, cutting off the signal. Signals above the threshold level pass through unaffected. Signals at or below the threshold cause the gate to close.

For ducking, trigger signal levels at and above the threshold level activate ducking, and the signal level is reduced to a level set by the Range parameter.

The trigger signal is determined using the KEY IN parameter.

Range controls the level to which the gate closes. It can be used to reduce the signal level rather than cut it completely. At a setting of -70 dB, the gate closes completely when the input signal falls below the threshold. At a setting of -30 dB, the gate only closes so far allowing an attenuated signal through. At a setting of 0 dB, the gate has no effect. When signals are gated abruptly, the sudden cut-off can sound odd.

For ducking, a setting of -70 dB causes the signal to be virtually cutoff. At a setting of -30 dB the signal is ducked by 30dB . At a setting of 0dB , the duck has no effect.

Attack determines how fast the gate opens when the signal exceeds the threshold level. Slow attack times can be used to remove the initial transient edge of percussive sounds. Too slow an attack time makes some signals sound backwards.