SI1101 - Flow sensor IFM - Free user manual and instructions

Product type	Flow sensor
Brand	IFM
Model	SI1101
Supply voltage	20...36 V DC
Output current	400 mA, short-circuit and overload protected
Voltage drop	< 2.5 V
Current consumption	< 80 mA
Measuring range (liquid)	3...300 cm/s (adjustable thresholds)
Measuring range (gas)	200...3000 cm/s (adjustable thresholds)
Fluid temperature	-25...+80 °C
Ambient temperature	-25...+80 °C
Pressure rating	300 bar
Protection degree	IP67 (IEC 60529)
Housing material	PBT-GF20
Probe material	Titanium (FPM O-ring)
Electrical connection	M12 connector (4-pin)
Display	Green/orange/red LED bars for flow and threshold
Setting functions	HI-Teach, LO-Teach, threshold adjustment, excess flow monitoring, remote adjustment
Response time	1...10 s (typical 3...8 s)
Start-up delay	15 s (indicated optically)
Maintenance	Clean probe with soft cloth; acetic acid product for limescale deposits
Mounting	On horizontal or vertical pipe; minimum distance 5×DN upstream, 3×DN downstream
Factory setting	Switching threshold preset at LED 7; remote adjustment function active

Frequently Asked Questions - SI1101 IFM

How to install the SI1101 flow sensor?

Fix the appropriate adapter on the process connection, then place the sensor and tighten the nut (max. torque 50 Nm). Respect a distance of 5× the pipe diameter upstream and 3× downstream. The probe must penetrate at least 12 mm into the pipe.

How to perform HI-Teach adjustment?

Ensure the flow is at the desired maximum value. Press the Learn/Set button for 5 to 10 seconds until the LEDs flash and then light up from left to right. Release: the device memorizes the maximum flow.

How to adjust the switching threshold?

Briefly press Mode/Enter to display the current threshold. Then, press and hold Learn/Set for 5 seconds, then release and press several times to move the blinking LED to the desired value. Confirm with Mode/Enter.

What do the different LED colors mean?

Green LEDs indicate relative flow within the detection range. Orange LED means flow ≥ switching threshold; red LED means flow < threshold. Flashing of LED 9 indicates excess flow, and flashing of LED 0 indicates a drop in flow.

How to clean the sensor?

Periodically check for deposits on the probe. Clean with a soft cloth. For stubborn deposits (limescale), use a common acetic acid cleaning product.

What supply voltage is required?

The device requires a DC voltage of 20 to 36 V DC, according to EN50178 (TBTS, TBTP). Consumption is less than 80 mA.

What are the operating temperatures?

Fluid temperature and ambient temperature range from -25 °C to +80 °C. For liquids, the maximum temperature gradient is 300 K/min.

How to reset to factory settings?

In RUN mode, press Learn/Set for 15 to 20 seconds. The LEDs light up successively (green, then orange). Release as soon as the orange LEDs light up: the device returns to factory settings.

What is hysteresis and how is it defined?

Hysteresis prevents unwanted switching. It depends on the adjustment range: for 0...60 cm/s (water), it is 2...4 cm/s; for flows >100 cm/s, it increases with flow.

How to activate or deactivate remote adjustment?

Press Mode/Enter three times, then press and hold Learn/Set for 5 seconds. The function changes: if the 4 middle LEDs are red, the function is active; if the 3 LEDs on each side are green, it is inactive. Confirm with Mode/Enter.

USER MANUAL SI1101 IFM

Operating instructions

Notice utilisateurs

LED = grün LED = orange LED rot

Inhalt

Brief adjustment instructions

Installation

Mounting page 24, electrical connection page 26.

HI-Teach

Apply the operating voltage.

After approx. 15s the unit is ready.

Allow the medium to flow through the system at the required maximum flow rate (HI).

Press the Learn/Set button and keep it pressed.

The green LEDs on the right and on the left flash, after 5s the LED bar (green) fills from left to right (release the button as soon as the first LEDs light).

The indication goes off briefly. The unit stores the current flow as maximum flow.

• The unit is ready for normal operation.

Further setting options ( page 27)

• The HI-Teach is sufficient for the majority of waterbased applications. Optional: adjustment to minimum flow (LO-Teach).
• Setting of the switch point (for changing the reaction time and excess gain).
• Setting for monitoring and optical indication of excess flow.
• Activate / deactivate the function for remote adjustment.
• Reset to factory settings.

Controls and visual indication

Function display (Run mode)

current flow within the display range (LED bar green)

excess flow (LED 9 flashes)

underflow (LED 0 flashes)

Indication of the switch point (SP):

LED orange: flow ≥ SP; LED red: flow < SP

Setting buttons

Mode / Enter:

• selection of the menu items and acknowledgement

Learn/Set:

• adjustment to maximum / minimum flow;
• reset to factory settings
• setting of values (scrolling by holding pressed;incremental by pressing briefly)

Menu structure

LED = green LED = orange LED = red

Contents

Function and features . page 23
Installation page 24
Electrical connection page 26
Programming page 27
Installation and set-up / Operation / Maintenance page 29
Technical data page 29
Programming diagrams / Technical information 10

Function and features

The flow monitor

• detects the flow velocity in liquid and gaseous media
• switches the output according to the programming (N.O./or-N.C./, programmable by wiring; page 26)

• and indicates the relative flow value within the adjustable detection range by means of LEDs:

• LED 0 = lower limit of the detection range (maximum value / LO)

• LED 9 = upper limit of the detection range (minimum value / HI)

It is also possible to indicate:

• Switching status (LED red: flow below the switch point, LED orange: flow has reached the switch point).
• Excess flow: LED 9 flashes if the flow is considerably higher (2 LEDs) than the display range.
• Underflow / flow standstill: LED 0 flashes if the flow is lower than the display range.

Installation

The unit is adaptable for various process fittings (adapters to be ordered separately as accessories).

• In the case of horizontal pipes mount the unit from the side, if possible (fig. 1).
  When the unit is to be mounted at the bottom of the pipe, it should be free from deposits.
  When the unit is to be mounted at the top of the pipe, it should be completely filled with the medium to be monitored.
• In the case of vertical pipes mount the unit in a place where the medium flows upwards (fig. 2).

To avoid malfunction a minimum distance between the flow monitor and bends, valves, changes in cross-section or such like must be observed:

• Min. 5 x pipe diameter upstream (A),
• min. 3 × pipe diameter downstream (B).

1. Lubricate the nut (3) and all threads with grease to ensure the nut can be loosened and tightened several times.

Note: No grease must be applied to the sensor tip (A).

1. Screw the suitable adapter (2) onto the process fitting (1).
2. Insert the flow monitor into the adapter. While keeping the unit aligned tighten the nut (3); (max. tightening torque 50Nm).

Insertion depth of the sensor: min. 12mm in the pipe. When the adapters are used which are available as accessories, the correct depth is ensured.

Note: The sensor tip must not touch the pipe wall.

mounting dimension with M12 adapter	mounting dimension with G¼ adapter	mounting dimension with G½ adapter
13.5 27	13.5 27	21 35

Electrical connection

The unit must only be connected by an electrician.

The national and international regulations for the installation of electrical equipment must be observed.

Voltage supply to EN50178, SELV, PELV.

The device shall be supplied from an isolating transformer having a secondary Listed fuse rated as noted in the following table.

Overcurrent protection
Control-circuit wire size		Maximum protective device rating Ampere
AWG (mm)	2)
26 (0.13) 1
24 (0.20) 2
22 (0.32) 3
20 (0.52) 5
18 (0.82) 7
16 (1.3) 10

Disconnect power before connecting the unit. Wiring (= N.O./ = N.C.)

connector view (sensor)

P = programming wire (for remote adjustment)

Core colours of ifm sockets:

1 = BN (brown), 2 = WH (white), 3 = BU (blue), 4 = BK (black)

If the function for remote adjustment is active:

Use 4-wire connection cables without a link between pins 2 and 4.

With 3-wire sockets with a link between pin 2 and pin 4 switching of the output stage triggers the remote adjustment!

Failure indication: In the case of a short circuit the function indication and the red LED row are lit alternately.

Programming

Setting of the detection range HI-Teach

• Allow the medium to flow through the system at the required maximum flow rate.
• Press the Learn/Set button for >5 < 10s (= adjustment to maximum flow / upper limit of the detection range).

Optional: LO-Teach

The HI-Teach is sufficient for the majority of waterbased applications. Optional: adjustment to minimum flow.

• Allow the medium to flow through the system at the required minimum flow rate or bring flow to a standstill.
• Press the Learn/Set button for >10 < 15s (= adjustment to minimum flow or flow standstill / lower limit of the detection range).

Remote adjustment via programming wire

Apply the operating voltage (+U_B) to pin 2 for the respective time.

Setting of the switch point

• Press the Mode/Enter button briefly.
• Press the Learn/Set button for 5s,
• keep the Learn/Set button pressed or press the button several times until the requested switch point is set.
• Press the Mode/Enter button briefly.

Monitoring excess flow

• Press the Mode/Enter button twice.
• Press the Learn/Set button for 5s, release the button when LED flashes.
• Press the Learn/Set button several times to shift the LED for the maximum display value.
• Press the Mode/Enter button briefly.

Activate/deactivate the function for remote adjustment

• Press the Mode/Enter button three times.
• Press the Learn/Set button for 5s,
• keep the Learn/Set button pressed or press the button several times until the requested function is set (function active, when 3 LEDs on the right and 3 LEDs left are lit green; function not active, when the 4 LEDs in the middle are lit in red).
• Press the Mode/Enter button briefly.

Reset to factory settings

• Press the Learn/Set button for >15 < 20s

The following applies to all setting procedures:

• If no button is pressed for 15s during the setting procedure, the unit returns to the operating mode with the parameter values unchanged.
• If adjustment has not been possible, all the red LEDs flash. The unit returns to the operating mode with the parameter values unchanged.

Locking / Unlocking

The unit can be electronically locked to prevent unwanted adjustment of the set parameters: Press both setting buttons for 10s (the unit must be in Run mode). Indication goes out briefly (acknowledgement of locking / unlocking).

Units are delivered from the factory in the unlocked state.

If the unit is locked, it is possible to indicate

• the current switch point (press the Mode/Enter button once),
• the setting of the function "monitoring excess flow" (press the Mode/Enter button two times),
• the setting of the function for remote adjustment (press the Mode/Enter button three times).

Installation and set-up / Operation / Maintenance

After mounting, wiring and setting check whether the unit operates correctly. At power on, all LEDs light and go off one after the other.* The unit is then ready for operation.

*During this time the output is switched according to the programming: ON with the NO function and OFF with the NC function.

Failure indication: In the case of a short circuit the function indication and the red LED row are lit alternately.

Recommended maintenance

Check the sensor tip for build-up from time to time. Clean it with a soft cloth. If necessary, build-up which adheres firmly (e.g. lime) can be removed with a common vinegar cleansing agent.

Technical data

Operating voltage [V] 20 ... 36 DC ^1) Current rating [mA]. 400; short-circuit protection; reverse polarity protection / overload protection
Voltage drop [V] < 2.5
Current consumption [mA] < 80

Liquids Medium temperature [ C] -25 +80 Setting range [cm/s] 3 300 Greatest sensitivity [cm/s] 3 60 Max. temperature gradient of medium [K/min] 300

Gases
Medium temperature [^ C] . -25 +80
Setting range [cm/s] 200 3000
Greatest sensitivity [cm/s] 200 800
Response time [s] 1 10
Power-on delay time [s] 15, optically indicated
Pressure rating [bar]. 300
Operating temperature [^ C] . -25 +80
Protection IP 67 (IEC60529)/UL50)
Shock resistance [g]. 50 (DIN / IEC 68-2-27, 11 ms)
Vibration resistance [g] 20 (DIN / IEC 68-2-6, 55-2000 Hz)
Housing material PBT-GF 20
Sensor material (SI10xx) stainless steel (316S12); O-ring: FPM 8x1.5 gr 80^ Shore A
Sensor material (SI11xx) titanium; O-ring: FPM 8x1.5 gr 80^ Shore A

1)to EN50178, SELV, PELV

Programming diagrams / Technical information

Setting of the detection range

The detection range (window) is determined by:

• Adjustment to the required maximum flow (HI-Teach) = upper limit of the window. This setting is sufficient for the majority of waterbased applications.
• Additionally: adjustment to the required minimum flow / flow standstill (LO-Teach) = lower limit of the window (optional).

- Adjustment to maximum flow (HI-Teach)

The unit detects the current flow and sets this value as the maximum value for the LED display (LED 9).

1	Apply the operating voltage. After approx. 15s the unit is ready. Allow the medium to flow through the system at the required maximum flow rate.
2	M S >5...<10s	LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI →
		Press the Learn/Set button and keep it pressed. The green LEDs on the right and on the left flash, after 5s the LED bar (green) fills from left to right (release the button as soon as the first LEDs light). The indication goes off briefly. The unit stores the current flow as maximum flow and passes into the operating mode.

- Adjustment to minimum flow / flow standstill (LO-Teach), optional

The unit detects the current flow and sets this value as the minimum display value for the LED display. In normal operation the first green LED (LED 0) flashes when the flow falls below this value (or when it comes to a standstill).

NOTE: The LO-Teach operation may only be carried out after the HI-Teach operation.

1	Allow the medium to flow through the system at the required minimum flow rate or bring to a standstill.
2	M S >10...<15s	Press the Learn/Set button and keep it pressed. The green LEDs on the right and on the left flash, after 5s the LED bar (green) fills from left to right
	M S	after a further 5s the LED bar (gren) fills from right to left (release the button as soon as the first LEDs on the right light). The indication goes off briefly. The unit stores the current flow as minimum flow and passes into the operating mode.

- Remote adjustment

You can also adjust the unit via the programming wire, if the function for remote adjustment is active. Apply the operating voltage (+U_B) to pin 2 (P) for the respective time: >5 < 10s for HI-Teach; >10 < 15s for LO-Teach

If the operating voltage is applied to pin 2 for more than 15s,

• all adjustments are set back to factory setting.
  If the operating voltage is applied to pin 2 for more than 20s,
• the adjustment does not become effective; the unit passes into the operating mode with unchanged values,
• the unit is locked (the buttons are inactive as long as the operating voltage is applied to pin 2).

Setting of the switch point

The switch point is preset at the factory (LED 7). The setting influences the reaction time of the unit.

• High switch point = fast reaction in the case of flow decrease.
• Low switch point = fast reaction in the case of flow increase.

1	1 x	LO HL →	Press the Mode/Enter button briefly. The current switch point is indicated: LED lit: coarse setting, LED flashes: fine setting.
2	M S >5s	LO HL →	Press the Learn/Set button and keep it pressed. After 5s the switch point is increased* (incremental by pressing briefly or scrolling by holding pressed). Indication: The flashing LED moves from left to right. After LED 9 has been reached the cycle starts again at LED 0. The LED which is constantly lit moves on by one position.**
3	M S →	LO HL →	Press the Mode/Enter button briefly (acknowledgement). The indication goes off briefly. The set switch point becomes effective; the unit passes into the operating mode.

Decrease the switch point: Let the flashing and lit LEDs move to the maximum setting value. Then the cycle starts again at the minimum setting value.
*Overflow: If the flashing LED and the lit LED exceed the maximum setting value, the cycle starts again at the minimum setting value.

Monitoring excess flow

With this function the position of the display window within the detection range can be defined: Shift the LED for the maximum display value to position 8, 7, 6 or 5. In the case of maximum flow all LEDs from 0 up to this LED are lit. The LEDs above the range signal excess flow. If the switch point is above this range, the unit switches in the case of excess flow.

1	2 x	LO HI →	Press the Mode/Enter button twice. The current setting is indicated (green LED).
2	5 s	LO HI →	Press the Learn/Set button for 5s (until LED flashes).
3	M S	LO HI →	Press the Learn/Set button several times until the requested LED flashes (LED 8, 7, 6 or 5). Each time the button is pressed the LED moves back by one position. When it is lower than LED 5 the cycle starts again at LED 9.
4	M S	LO HI →	Press the Mode/Enter button briefly (acknowledgement). The indication goes off briefly. The unit stores the new setting and passes into the run mode.

Please note:
The display value is reset (to LED 9) after each maximum flow rate adjustment (HI-Teach.

Activate/deactivate the function for remote adjustment If the function is active, the unit can be adjusted by applying voltage to pin 2.

Unit supplied: function active.

Function active	LO HI	The 3 LEDs on the right and left are lit in green.*
Function not active	LO HI	The 4 LEDs in the middle are lit in red.*

*The LEDs flash if voltage is applied to pin 2.

1	3 x	LO HI	Press the Mode/Enter button three times. The current setting is indicated.
2	>5s	LO HI	Press the Learn/Set button and keep it pressed, after 5s the function changes. (Each time the Learn/Set button is pressed the function changes again).
3	M S	LO HI	Press the Mode/Enter button briefly (= acknowledgement). The indication goes off briefly, the unit then passes into the operating mode.

If the function for remote adjustment is active and the operating voltage is applied to pin 2 for more than 20s, the unit is locked (the buttons are inactive as long as the operating voltage is applied to pin 2).

Use 4-wire connection cables without a link between pins 2 and 4. With 3-wire sockets with a link between pin 2 and pin 4 switching of the output stage triggers the remote adjustment!

Return to factory setting

15...<20s

W

Press the Learn/Set button and keep it pressed.

The green LEDs on the right and on the left flash,

after 5s the LED bar (green) fills from left to right,

after a further 5s the LED bar (green) fills from right to left,

after a further 5s the LED bar (orange) fills from left to right (release the button as soon as the first orange LEDs light).

The indication goes off briefly. All settings are returned to factory setting and the unit passes into the run mode flow.

Hysteresis function

When the flow rises, the output switches when the switch point (SP) has been reached.

When the flow falls again, the output switches back when the value "SP minus hysteresis" has been reached.

The hysteresis is considerably influenced by the choice of the operating range on the sensitivity curve of the sensor:

• In the case of adjustment to HI-Flow values in the range 0 ... 60cm/s the hysteresis is 2 - 4cm/s (values apply to water).
• In the case of adjustment to HI-Flow values above 100cm/s the hysteresis increases as the flow rises.

The typical response time of the unit is 3 ... 8s. It can be influenced by setting the LO-Teach and the switch point:

• The lower the LO-Teach or the switch point is set, the faster the unit switches on.
• The higher the LO-Teach or switch point is set, the faster the unit switches off.

LED = verte LED = orange LED rouge

1 = BN(brun), 2 = WH(blanc), 3 = BU(bleu), 4 = BK(noir).

1	Mettre l'appareil sous tension. L'appareil est opérationnel après env. 15s. Le débit du fluide doit être à la valeur maximale souhaité et constant.
2	M S >5...<10s	LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI → LO HI →