MGS-3712F - Switch réseau ZYXEL - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL MGS-3712F ZYXEL

About This User's Guide

About This User's Guide

Intended Audience This manual is intended for people who want to configure the Switch using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology.

Related Documentation

+ Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.

+ Command Line Interface (CLI) Reference Guide

Line commands offer an alternative to the web configurator and in some cases are necessary to configure advanced features.

+ Web Configurator Online Help Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information.

paf It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the Switch.

+ Supporting Disk Refer to the included CD for support documents. + ZyXEL Web Site

Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications.

Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!

The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.

E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw

These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.

© Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.

Æ Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.

The MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F models may be referred to as the “Switch”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.

Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.

A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.

“Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.

A right angle bracket (> ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.

Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000 or “1048576” and so on.

“e.g..” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Document Conventions

Icons Used in Figures

Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The Switch icon is not an exact representation of your device.

The Switch Computer Notebook computer

Server DSLAM Firewall

© For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.

Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.

Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.

Do NOT store things on the device.

Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.

Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.

Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.

For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with same type and rating of fuse.

Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.

Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.

Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).

Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.

Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.

Ifthe power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.

Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.

Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.

Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.

The length of exposed (bare) power wire should not exceed 7mm.

This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Getting to Know Your Switch Hardware Installation and Connection Hardware Overview

Appendices and Index

About This User's Guide

Table of Contents...

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

1.1 Introduction . 1.1.1 Backbone Application 1.1.2 Bridging Example 1.1.3 High Performance Switching Example 1.14 IÈÉE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch ……

1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection ….

2.1 Installation Scenarios

2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure 2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack 2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements …… 2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch 2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack …

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

5.1 Overview . 5.1.1 Creating a VLAN 5.1.2 Setting Port VID re

5.2 Configuring Switch Management IP Address .

Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics

6.1 Overview 6.2 Port Status Summary 6.2.1 Status: Port Details

Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Chapter 13 Broadcast Storm Control

13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup

Chapter 14 Mirroring

14.1 Port Mirroring Setup

Chapter 15 Link Aggregation

15.1 Link Aggregation Overview . 15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation

15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID … 15.3 Link Aggregation Status 15.4 Link Aggregation Setting . 15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol 15.6 Static Trunking Example

Chapter 16 Port Authentication

Chapter 17 Port Security.

19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration |

22.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 22.1.1 Local User Accounts …. 22.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+

22.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens 22.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup 22.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup 22.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup 22.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute

22.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes 22.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication . 22.3.2 Attributes Used for Accounting …

Chapter 23 IP Source Guard

23.1 IP Source Guard Overview 23.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview 23.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview … 23.2 IP Source Guard 23.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding . 23.4 DHCP Snooping 23.5 DHCP Snooping Configure 23.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure 23.5.2 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure . 23.6 ARP Inspection Status 23.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status . 23.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status . 23.7 ARP Inspection Configure 23.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure . 23.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure

Chapter 24 Loop Guard...

Chapter 26 Static Route

28.5 Firmware Upgrade

Chapter 36 Troubleshooting

36.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs 36.2 Switch Access and Login

Chapter 37 Product Specifications

Part VII: Appendices and Index … 285

Appendix A Common Services.

Appendix B Legal Information

Appendix C Customer Support...

Getting to Know Your Switch (31) Hardware Installation and Connection (35)

Getting to Know Your Switch

This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the Switch.

The MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F are layer 2 stand-alone Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) switches.

The MGS-3712 has four GbE dual personality interfaces with each interface comprising one mini-GBIC slot and one 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 port, with either port or slot active at a time. In addition, the MGS-3712 has 8 100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 ports.

The MGS-3712F also has four GbE dual personality interfaces with each interface comprising one mini-GBIC slot and one 100/1000 Mbps RIJ-45 port, with either port or slot active at a time. In addition, the MGS-3712F has 8 mini-GBIC slots.

There are three versions of the MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F, depending on power requirements. These are the AC/DC, AC and DC versions.

With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the Switch is easy. In addition, the Switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port, or third-party SNMP management.

This section shows a few examples of using the Switch in various network environments.

See Chapter 37 on page 279 for a full list of software features available on the Switch.

1.1.1 Backbone Application

The Switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can be expected in the near future. The Switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect computers and servers directly to the Switch’s port or connect other switches to the Switch.

In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print servers etc.

MGS-3712/MGS-3712F Users Guide 31

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Figure 1 Backbone Application

1.1.2 Bridging Example

In this example application the Switch connects different company departments (RD and Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed department servers via the Switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the Switch.

Moreover, the Switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to centralize multiple servers at a single location.

Figure 2 Bridging Application

The Switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following example, use trunking to connect these two networks.

MGS-3712/MGS-3712F Users Guide

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

Switching to higher-speed LANS such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The Switch can provide the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely communicate with each other.

Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application

1.1.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples

À VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.

For more information on VLANS, refer to Chapter 8 on page 85.

1.1.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.

Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server. In the following figure only ports that need access to the server need to be part of VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.

MGS-3712/MGS-3712F Users Guide 33

Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch

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1.2 Ways to Manage the Switch

Use any of the following methods to manage the Switch.

+ Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Switch using a (supported) web browser. See Chapter 4 on page 51.

+ Command Line Interface. Line commands offer an alternative to the web configurator and in some cases are necessary to configure advanced features. See the CLI Reference Guide.

+ FTP. Use FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore. See Section 28.8 on page 235.

+ SNMP. The Switch can be monitored by an SNMP manager. See Section 29.3 on page 238.

+ Cluster Management. Cluster Management allows you to manage multiple switches through one switch, called the cluster manager. See Chapter 32 on page 261.

1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Switch

Do the following things regularly to make the Switch more secure and to manage the Switch more effectively.

+ Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.

+_ Write down the password and put it in a safe place.

+ Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Switch to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Switch. You could simply restore your last configuration.

34 MGS-3712/MGS-3712F Users Guide

Hardware Installation and Connection

This chapter shows you how to install and connect the Switch.

2.1 Installation Scenarios

The Switch can be placed on a desktop or rack-mounted on a standard EIA rack. Use the rubber feet in a desktop installation and the brackets in a rack-mounted installation.

Æ For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the Switch. This is especially important for enclosed rack installations.

2.2 Desktop Installation Procedure

1 Make sure the Switch is clean and dry.

2 Set the Switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the Switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.

3 Make sure there is enough clearance around the Switch to allow air circulation and the attachment of cables and the power cord.

4 Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.

5 Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the Switch. These rubber feet help protect the Switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when stacking.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide 35

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Figure 5 Attaching Rubber Feet

paf Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when stacking.

2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

The Switch can be mounted on an EIA standard size, 19-inch rack or in a wiring closet with other equipment. Follow the steps below to mount your Switch on a standard EIA rack using a rack-mounting kit.

2.3.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements

+ Two mounting brackets. + Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver. *_ Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.

© Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.

+ Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it contains.

+ Make sure the position of the Switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.

2.3.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch

1 Position a mounting bracket on one side of the Switch, lining up the four screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the Switch.

36 MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

Figure 6 Attaching the Mounting Brackets

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting bracket holes into the Switch.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the Switch.

4 You may now mount the Switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.

2.3.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

1 Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the Switch) on one side of the

rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the

Figure 7 Mounting the Switch on a Rack

lovooooocn we] OOOOD0D

2 Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the MS flat head screws through the mounting bracket holes into the rack.

3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F User's Guide

Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the Switch and shows you how to make the hardware connections.

The following figure shows the front panel of the MGS-3712’s AC/DC, AC and DC versions. The front panel contains the Switch LEDs, 8 RJ-45 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) ports, four dual personality interfaces each consisting of a mini-GBIC slot and an RJ-45 GbE port, one console and one management port for local management, and a slot for alarm management.

Figure 8 Front Panel: MGS-3712 AC/DC version

Management Port inf"

LED Management Port |

Ethernet Ports axe] slot Dual Personality Interfaces

MGS-3712F The following figure shows the front panel of the MGS-3712F of the MGS-3712’s AC/DC, AC and DC versions. The front panel contains the Switch LEDs, 8 slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers, also known as SFP (Single form-factor Pluggable) transceivers, four dual personality interfaces each consisting of a mini-GBIC slot and an RJ-45 GbE port, one console and one management port for local management, and a slot for alarm management.

Figure 11 Front Panel: MGS-3712F AC/DC version

LEDs Console Port Management Port |

AREPRESS C] T ALARM slot Ethernet Ports Dual Personality Interfaces The following table describes the port labels on the front panel. Table 1 Front Panel Connections LABEL DESCRIPTION 8 100/1000 Connect these GbE ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches or Mbps RJ-45 use them to daisy-chain other switches. GbE Ports (MGS-3712) 8 Mini-GBIC Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for Gigabit Ethernet fiber-optic or copper Slots (MGS- connections to backbone Ethernet switches. 3712F) Four Dual Each interface has one 1000 Base-T copper RJ-45 port and one mini-GBIC slot, with Personality one port active at a time. Interfaces

+ 4100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 GbE Ports:

Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet switches.

+ 4 Mini-GBIC Slots:

Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optic or copper connections to backbone Ethernet switches.

Console Port The console port is for local configuration of the Switch.

Management Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the

Alarm Connect the alarm input pins to alarm output terminals on other pieces of equipment. Connect the alarm output pins to an alarm input terminal on another piece of equipment.

See Chapter 37 on page 279 for details on the pin assignments required.

For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured to the following parameters:

+ Terminal emulation

+ No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit

Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the Switch. Connect the female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports

The Switch has 1000Base-T auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Ethernet ports. In 10/100/1000 Mbps Fast Ethernet, the speed can be 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps and the duplex mode can be half duplex or full duplex.

An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed (10/100/1000 Mbps) and duplex mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.

An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or crossover Ethernet cable.

Four of the 1000Base-T Ethernet ports are paired with a mini-GBIC slot to create a dual personality interface. The Switch uses up to one connection for each mini-GBIC and 1000Base-T Ethernet pair. The mini-GBIC slots have priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC slot and the corresponding GbE port are connected at the same time, the GbE port will be disabled.

When auto-negotiation is turned on, a Ethernet port negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer Ethernet port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the Switch’s auto- negotiation is turned off, an Ethernet port uses the pre-configured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer Ethernet port are the same in order to connect.

3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Negotiation Settings

The factory default negotiation settings for the Gigabit ports on the Switch are:

+ Link Aggregation: Disabled

3.1.2.2 Auto-crossover

All ports are auto-crossover, that is auto-MDIX ports (Media Dependent Interface Crossover), so you may use either a straight-through Ethernet cable or crossover Ethernet cable for all Gigabit port connections. Auto-crossover ports automatically sense whether they need to function as crossover or straight ports, so crossover cables can connect both computers and switches/hubs.

3.1.3 Mini-GBIC Slots

These are slots for mini-GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a transmitter and a receiver. The Switch does not come with transceivers. You must use transceivers that comply with the Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) Transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.

You can change transceivers while the Switch is operating. You can use different transceivers to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic or even copper cable connectors.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

To avoid possible eye injury, do not look into an operating fiber-optic module's

+ Type: SFP connection interface + Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)

3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation

Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.

2 Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.

3 The Switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that

itis functioning properly. 4 Close the transceiver”’s latch (latch styles vary). 5 Connect the fiber optic cables to the transceiver.

Figure 14 Transceiver Installation Example

Figure 15 Connecting the Fiber Optic Cables

3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal

Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).

1 Remove the fiber optic cables from the transceiver. 2 Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary). 3 Pull the transceiver out of the slot.

Figure 16 Removing the Fiber Optic Cables

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F User's Guide

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

Figure 17 Opening the Transceiver's Latch Example

Figure 18 Transceiver Removal Example

3.1.4 Management Port

The MGMT (management) port is used for local management. Connect directly to this port using an Ethernet cable. You can configure the Switch via Telnet or the web configurator.

The default IP address of the management port is 192.168.0.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

3.1.5 Power Connector

EE Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.

To connect power to the Switch, insert the female end of power cord to either the AC or DC power receptacle on the front panel, depending on your power source. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a power outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans (located on the side of the unit).

The MGS-3712F AC version requires a power supply of 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, 0.6 A Max. The DC version requires a power supply of -36 VDC -- -72 VDC, 0.75 À Max. The AC/DC version can be used with either power specifications.

The MGS-3712 AC version requires a power supply of 100-240 VAC 50/60 Hz, 0.6 À Max. The DC version requires a power supply of -36 VDC -- -72 VDC, 0.8 À Max. The AC/DC version can be used with either power specifications.

See Chapter 37 on page 279 for information on the Switch’s power supply requirements.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

The ALARM slot (fitted with the alarm connector) allows you to connect devices to the Switch, such as smoke or movement detectors, sensors, or even other ZyXEL switches which support the external alarm feature. This feature is in addition to the system alarm, which detects abnormal temperatures, voltage levels and fan speeds on the Switch.

Your Switch can respond to an external alarm in five ways.

The ALM LED shows an alert. The ALARM slot can send an external alarm on to another device such as an alarm bell. By daisy-chaining the alarm sensor cables from one Switch to another ZyXEL switch

which supports this feature, the external alarm alert (but not the system alarm) is received on each Switch.

The Switch can also be configured to send an SNMP trap to the SNMP server. See Section 29.3 on page 238 for more information on using SNMP.

The Switch can be configured to create an error log of the alarm. See Section 31.1 on page 257 for more information on using the system log.

3.1.6.1 Connect a Sensor to the ALARM Slot

This section shows you how to connect up to four sensors to the ALARM slot and to let a bell signal the alarm, as shown in the diagram below.

Figure 19 Connecting Sensors to the ALARM connector

Smoke Flooding Alarm Forced bell Entry Movement ALARM Slot

Follow these steps to connect an external sensor device to the Switch.

1 Use a connector to connect wires of the correct gauge to the sensor”’s power output pins.

See Chapter 37 on page 279 for the wire specifications. Check the sensor’s

documentation to identify its two power output pins.

Connect these two wires to any one of the following pairs of power input pins on the

Switch’s ALARM connector - (4,5) (6,7) (8,9) (10,11). The pin numbers run from the

right side of the connector to the left.

2a Connect each of the sensor”’s two power output wires to the ALARM connector by depressing the spring clip corresponding to the pin you are connecting to.

2b Insert the wire and release the spring clip.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide 45

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

2c Repeat the process for the sensor’s other power output wire. A total of four sensors may be connected to the ALARM connector in this way using the remaining power input pins. 3 Insert the alarm connector into the ALARM slot.

Figure 20 Connecting a Sensor to the ALARM Slot

Smoke : Detector eporo ALARM oonoonoÿhpodooo Connector

Alarm Input Pins Alarm Output Pins

4 To connect an output device such as an alarm bell, repeat the previous steps but this time connect to either pins (1,2) or (2,3) on the ALARM connector.

You can also daisy-chain the external alarm to another ZyXEL Switch which supports the external alarm feature. If daisy-chaining to a ZyXEL switch different from the MGS-3712(F), check your switch’s documentation for the correct pin assignments.

1 Use wires of the correct gauge to connect either of the power output pin pairs (1-normal close, 2-common) or (2-common, 3-normal open) on the ALARM connector to the input power pin pairs of an ALARM connector on another ZyXEL Switch.

2 When daisy-chaining further Switches ensure that the output power pins you use are the same as those you used when connecting to the first switch, as shown in the diagram below.

Figure 21 Daisy-chaining an External Alarm Sensor to Other MGS-3712s

The following figures show the rear panels of the MGS-3712 and MGS-3712F models. The rear panel contains a connector for external backup power supply.

After you connect the power to the Switch, view the LEDs to ensure proper functioning of the Switch and as an aid in troubleshooting.

Table 2 LED Descriptions

LED COLOR |STATUS | DESCRIPTION BPS Green On The backup power supply is connected and active. Blinking | The system is receiving power from the backup power supply. Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active. PWR Green On The system is turned on. Off The system is off. SYS Green On The system is on and functioning properly. Blinking | The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests. Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning. ALM Red On A hardware failure is detected or an alarm from the external alarm is received. Off The system is functioning normally. Mini-GBIC Slots LNK Green On The link to this port is up. Off The link to this port is not connected. ACT Green Blinking | This port is receiving or transmitting data. Gigabit Ethernet Ports LNK/ACT | Green Blinking | The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network. On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up. Amber Blinking | The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet network. On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up. Off The link to an Ethernet network is down.

Chapter 3 Hardware Overview

Table 2 LED Descriptions (continued)

LED COLOR |STATUS | DESCRIPTION FDX Amber On The Gigabit port is negotiating in full-duplex mode. Blinking | There is congestion in half-duplex mode. Off The Gigabit port is negotiating in half-duplex mode. MGMT 10 Green Blinking | The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device. On The port is connected at 10Mbps. Off The port is not connected at 10Mbps or to an Ethernet device. 100 Amber Blinking | The system is transmitting/receiving to/from an Ethernet device. On The port is connected at 100Mbps. Off The port is not connected at 100Mbps or to an Ethernet device.

3.4 Configuring the Switch

You may use the embedded web configurator or command line interface to configure the Switch. If you're using the web configurator, you need Internet Explorer 5.5 and later or

Netscape Navigator 6 and later.

You can access the command line interface using a terminal emulation program on a computer connected to the Switch console port (see Section 3.1.1 on page 41) or access the Switch using

System Status and Port Statistics (65) Basic Setting (71)

The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy Switch setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

*_Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.

*_ JavaScript (enabled by default). *_ Java permissions (enabled by default).

1 Start your web browser.

2 Type “http://” and the IP address of the Switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].

3 The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide 51

Chapter 4 The Web Configurator

Figure 24 Web Configurator: Login Enter Network Password Îl 21x|

oo Please type your user name and password. Site: 192.168.1.1

Realm MGS-3712F at Thu Jan 1 00:05:30 1970

T Save this password in your password list

4 Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.

4.3 The Status Screen

The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.

The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.

Figure 25 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)

A - Click the menu items to open submenu links, and then click on a sub screen in the main window.

B, C, D, E - These are quick links which allow you to perform certain tasks no matter which screen you are currently working in.

B - Click this link to save your configuration into the Switch’s nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory is the configuration of your Switch that stays the same even if the Switch’s power is turned off.

C- Click this link to go to the status page of the Switch.

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D - Click this link to logout of the web configurator.

E- Click this link to display web help pages. The help pages provide descriptions for all of the configuration screens.

In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.

Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview

The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.

The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.

This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware monitoring information.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification information about the Switch.

This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global Switch parameters such as VLAN type, MAC address learning, GARP and priority queues.

IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet mask (necessary for Switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set up to 64 IP routing domains.

Port Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure settings for individual

VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN (depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu). You can also configure a subnet based VLAN in these screens.

Static MAC This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static MAC addresses for a Forwarding port. These static MAC addresses do not age out. Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure the RSTP/MRSTP/MSTP to

Protocol prevent network loops.

Bandwidth This link takes you to a screen where you can configure bandwidth limits on the

Broadcast Storm | This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.

Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without interference.

Link Aggregation | This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.

Port This link takes you to a screen where you can configure IEEE 802.1x port

Authentication authentication as well as MAC authentication for clients communicating via the Switch.

Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.

Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to group packets based on the specified criteria.

Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the Switch to perform

special treatment on the grouped packets.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated queue weights for each port.

This link takes you to screens where you can configure various multicast features, IGMP snooping and create multicast VLANs.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure authentication and accounting services via external servers. The external servers can be either RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) or TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus).

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Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)

LINK DESCRIPTION IP Source Guard

This link takes you to screens where you can configure filtering of unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network.

Loop Guard This link takes you to a screen where you can configure protection against network loops that occur on the edge of your network.

trTCM This link takes you to a screen where you can configure Two Rate Three Color Marker settings.

This link takes you to a screen where you can configure static routes. A static route defines how the Switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters manually.

DHCP This link takes you to screens where you can configure the DHCP settings.

This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration file maintenance as well as reboot the system.

This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password and configure SNMP and remote management.

Diagnostic This link takes you to a screen where you can view system logs and test port(s).

Syslog This link takes you to screens where you can setup system logs and a system log server.

Cluster This link takes you to screens where you can configure clustering management and

Management view its status.

MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types) of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.

ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses — IP

address resolution table.

This link takes you to a screen where you can copy attributes of one port to other ports.

4.3.1 Change Your Password

After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator

Please record your new password whenever you change it The system will lock you out if you have forgotten your password.

When you are done modifying the settings in a screen, click Apply to save your changes back to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.

Click the Save link in the upper right hand corner of the web configurator to save your configuration to nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory refers to the Switch’s storage that remains even if the Switch’s power is turned off.

Use the Save link when you are done with a configuration session.

You could block yourself (and all others) from using in-band-management (managing through the data ports) if you do one of the following: 1 Delete the management VLAN (default is VLAN 1).

2 Delete all port-based VLANS with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the management port of the Switch.

Filter all traffic to the CPU port.

Misconfigure the text configuration file. Forget the password and/or IP address. Prevent all services from accessing the Switch.

Change a service port number but forget it.

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Æ Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the Switch. If you do lock yourself out, try using out-of-band management (via the management port) to configure the Switch.

4.6 Resetting the Switch

If you lock yourself (and others) from the Switch or forget the administrator password, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the Switch back to the factory defaults.

4.6.1 Reload the Configuration File

Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and the IP address to 192.168.1.1.

To upload the configuration file, do the following:

1 Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software.

2 Disconnect and reconnect the Switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the Switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.

3 When you see the message “Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3 seconds ...” press any key to enter debug mode.

4 Type atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.

5 Wait forthe “Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM upload on your terminal.

6 After a configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the Switch.

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Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds Enter Debug Mode

Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode) ....

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Total 393216 bytes received.

The Switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password of “1234”.

4.7 Logging Out of the Web Configurator

Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for security reasons.

Thank you for using the Web Configurator. Goodhyel

The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some supplementary information.

Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that screen.

60 MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Initial Setup Example

This chapter shows how to set up the Switch for an example network.

The following lists the configuration steps for the initial setup:

+ Create a VLAN + Set port VLAN ID + Configure the Switch IP management address

5.1.1 Creating a VLAN VLANS confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.

In this example, you want to configure port 1 as a member of VLAN 2.

Figure 29 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN

Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

1 Click Advanced Application > VLAN in the navigation panel and click the Static

VLAN link. ŒDALLEETEES VLAN Part Setting index vo Elspsed time Status 1 1 TE ste Cnange Pages Previous | Non 2 Inthe Static VLAN screen, CRE VLAN Status select ACTIVE, enter a ACTE F descriptive name in the Name es ET : rou | field and enter 2 in the VLAN tee F Group ID field for the VLAN2 Es ss = 0 on egng network. = Fame = Fr CC € noma © rves © Forge D mcraggne . 7 Ehomd Che © Fomiasen F haggng Note: The VLAN Group ID field in 3 ENoma Ces € Foitidgen F HéTaggre this screen and the VID field ; £ Normal & Fed £ Forbidden M TxTagaing h & Mormal Foeo Fanidden F nTaggre in the IP Setup screen refer 5 Gnoml © Fes € Foitiagen Fe WkTagang T © Nommel C Fed © Forkidden, M TiTagging to the same VLAN ID. 8 Æ Normal € Fied © Foridden, M TxTaggino 5 Enuma © et © Fonisen Fm Taggng : u "0 € nomma À rec € Foriasen F ncTaggng 3 Since the VLAN2 network is 11 € Normal C Fed © Forkidden, M TiTagging connected to port 1 on the 12. Nomad © ve € Foniaden Fe TTaquire Switch, select Fixed to configure port 1 to be a EI El permanent member of the vo Aatve name Date VLAN only. 1 ves ' ml 4 To ensure that VLAN-unaware devices (such as computers and boit | Lcanesi |

hubs) can receive frames properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the Switch to remove VLAN tags before sending.

5 Click Add to save the settings to the run-time memory. Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s power is turned off.

5.1.2 Setting Port VID Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.

In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 1 so that any untagged frames received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.

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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

1 Click Advanced Applications

> VLAN in the navigation nus £ panel. Then click the VLAN Port Setting link. . pot mess cer rw QUE Accomtana rame pe VLAN Tri 2 Enter2 in the PVID field for - m1 LE I (cr | C port 1 and click Apply to save Ç : © FE cl ce | Ê ) your changes back to the run- ; L F— = 4 - time memory. Settings in the n Cl P el fa FC run-time memory are lost 5 : j 5 G [] Ë . 8 F fa

when the Switch’s power is ; F F— = fa Fr turned off. Û c | ] | FC

The default management IP address of the Switch is 192.168.1.1. You can configure another IP address in a different subnet for management purposes. The following figure shows an example.

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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example

1 Connect your computer to any Ethernet port on the Switch. Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the Switch.

2 Open your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 (the default IP address) in the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 51 for more information.

3 Click Basic Setting > IP Setup | ape in the navigation panel. mme tn |

4 Configure the related fields in RSS CRRRRRR RE the IP Setup screen.

5 Forthe VLAN?2 network, enter

nagement P C oHcP Gent © stañc IP Address

s 1 Agdreo3 Bar 192.168.2.1 as the IP address ee Be — and 255.255.255.0 as the subnet DefauitGaleway Fons mask. vo F

où of ana Management 1 Address Gran 6 Inthe VID field, enter the ID of | mures ras Fes — the VLAN group to which you Der Gateway [00 want this management IP address to belong. This is the apply | Cancel

same as the VLAN ID you PRIT STE configure in the Static VLAN nes _— screen. IPSumetNek fe 7 Click Add to save your changes uw En back to the run-time memory. ee Settings in the run-time memory are lost when the Switch’s Adi] Cancel | power is turned off.

md Padiross PSubnotMak VD DofautGaowsy … Doloto Deiete |_ Cancel

64 MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

System Status and Port Statistics

This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details screens.

The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each port showing statistical details.

6.2 Port Status Summary

To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status screen as shown next.

Figure 32 Status LD PortStatus __]

Port Name Link State LACP TxPkts RxPkts Errors TxKBS RxKB/S Up Time 1 Down STOP Disabled 9 0 0 0.0 00 0:00:00

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details screen (refer to Figure 33 on page 67).

Name This is the name you assigned to this port in the Basic Setting > Port Setup screen.

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Table 6 Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half). lt also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the combo ports.

State If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port (see Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information). If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it displays STOP.

LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been enabled on the port.

TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.

RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.

Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

RxKB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has

Enter a port number and then click Clear Counter to erase the recorded statistical information for that port, or select Any to clear statistics for all ports.

6.2.1 Status: Port Details

Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statis

Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the

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The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 7 Status: Port Details

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port Info

This field displays the port number you are viewing.

This field displays the name of the port.

This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the cable type (Copper or Fiber).

If STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is enabled, this field displays the STP state of the port (see Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information).

If STP is disabled, this field displays FORWARDING if the link is up, otherwise, it displays STOP.

LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.

This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port

This field shows the number of received frames on this port

This field shows the number of received errors on this port.

This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.

This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.

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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up. Tx Packet

The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.

TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast) transmitted. Multicast | This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted. Broadcast | This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted. Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted. Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted. Rx Packet

The following fields display detailed information about packets received.

RX Packet | This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast) received.

Multicast | This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.

Broadcast | This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.

Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.

Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.

The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.

Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision.

Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was inhibited by more than one collision.

Excessive | This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions. Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the retransmission count is reset.

Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the

packets have already been transmitted.

The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in error.

RXCRC | This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s).

Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.

Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64 octets), including the ones with CRC errors.

64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64 octets in length.

65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 65 and 127 octets in length.

128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 128 and 255 octets in length.

256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were

between 256 and 511 octets in length.

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Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION 512-1023 | This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were between 512 and 1023 octets in length. 1024- This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 1518 between 1024 and 1518 octets in length. Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the maximum frame size.

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MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP Setup and Port Setup screens.

The System Info screen displays general Switch information (such as firmware version number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen allows you to configure general Switch identification information. The General Setup screen also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your Switch. The real time is then displayed in the Switch logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global Switch features. The IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.

7.2 System Information

In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting > System Info to display the screen as shown. You can check the firmware version number and monitor the Switch temperature, fan speeds and voltage in this screen.

Figure 34 Basic Setting > System Info

L @ Systemino __] System Name MGS-3712F ANOS FW Version V3.80(B88.0)b6 | 12/05/2007 Ethernet Address 00:19:ch:00:00:02

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 8 Basic Setting > System Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name

This field displays the descriptive name of the Switch for identification purposes.

ZyNOS F/W This field displays the version number of the Switch 's current firmware including the Version date created.

Ethernet This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the Switch. Address

Temperature The Switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the

Unit temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit (Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.

Temperature BOARD, MAC and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the Switch printed circuit board.

Current This shows the current temperature at this sensor.

MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.

MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.

Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.

Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those above.

Fan Speed A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently

(RPM) ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.

Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).

MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).

MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure.

Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.

Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.

Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.

Current This is the current voltage reading.

MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.

MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.

Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the Switch still works.

Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this

point; otherwise Error is displayed.

Use this screen to configure general settings such as the system name and time. Click Basic Setting > General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

It will take 60 seconds if time server is unreachable.

The following tabl Table 9 Basic Se

e describes the labels in this screen. tting > General Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION System Name

Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to 64 printable characters; spaces are allowed.

Enter the geographic location of your Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.

Contact Person's Name

Enter the name of the person in charge of this Switch. You can use up to 32 printable ASCII characters; spaces are allowed.

Use Time Server when Bootup

Enter the time service protocol that your timeserver uses. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.

When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the Switch displays the day, month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time zone.

Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.

NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).

None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the Switch, the time and date will be reset to 1970-1-1 0:0.

Time Server IP Address

Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The Switch searches for the timeserver for up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.

This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).

New Time (hh:min:ss)

Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears in the Current Time field after you click Apply.

This field displays the date you open this menu.

Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in the Current Date field after you click Apply.

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 9 Basic Setting > General Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list box.

Daylight Saving | Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many countries set

Time their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.

Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.

Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Daylight Saving Time. The time is displayed in the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:

Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select Second, Sunday, March and 2:00.

Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany/'s time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).

End Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Daylight Saving Time. The time field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:

Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 AM. local time. So in the United States you would select First, Sunday, November and 2:00.

Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October and the last field depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would select 2:00 because Germany/'s time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

7.4 Introduction to VLANS

À VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.

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VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.

Æ VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.

See Chapter 8 on page 85 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANSs.

Click Basic Setting > Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.

Figure 36 Basic Setting > Switch Setup

DEEE & 8021a NEAN Type € PonBased Bridge Control Protocol Transparency _ Active (el MAC Address Learning ‘Aging Time [300 seconds Join Timer F00 miliseconds GARP Timer Leave Timer 600 milliseconds Leave AlTimer [10000 | mitisecongs Priority Queue Assignment level? Fa level6 6 # levels Fa level FE levels EE] level? Fa lever [TE levelo Rs Appiy | Cancel |

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN Type

Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen. See Chapter 8 on page 85 for more information.

Select Active to allow the Switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for

Protocol example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen. Transparency

MAC Address MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address Learning learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.

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Table 10 Basic Setting > Switch Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be relearned).

GARP Timer: Switches join VLANS by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background information.

Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and 65535 milliseconds; the default is 200 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background information.

Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger than Join Timer; the default is 600 milliseconds.

Leave All Timer | Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave AIl Timer must be larger than Leave Timer.

Priority Queue Assignment

IEEE 802.1p defines up to eight separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default priority of the ingress port. Use the next fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue mapping. The Switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the Switch, traffic assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.

Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).

Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.

Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).

Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.

Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems Network Architecture) transactions.

Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.

Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.

Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.

Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch

loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Use the IP Setup screen to configure the Switch IP address, default gateway device, the default domain name server and the management VLAN ID. The default gateway specifies the IP address of the default gateway (next hop) for outgoing traffic.

7.6.1 Management IP Addresses

The Switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

You can configure up to 64 IP addresses which are used to access and manage the Switch from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(S).

Æ You must configure a VLAN first.

Apph | _ Cancel In-band IP Addresses

wo F—_—_—— Defaut Gateway foon _Add| _ Cancel Index IPAddress IPSubnetMask VID Défaut Gateway Delete Delete | Cancel

Chapter 7 Basic Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Domain Name

DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its

Server corresponding IP address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to use a domain name instead of an IP address.

Default Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the Switch is to send

Management packets originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown

source. Select Out-of-band to have the Switch send the packets to the out-of-band management port. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not receive these packets.

Select In-Band to have the Switch send the packets to all ports except the out- of-band management port to which connected device(s) do not receive these packets.

Select this option if you have a DHCP server that can assign the Switch an IP address, subnet mask, a default gateway IP address and a domain name server IP address automatically.

Select this option if you don't have a DHCP server or if you wish to assign static IP address information to the Switch. You need to fill in the following fields when you select this option.

Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.1.1.

Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example 255.255.255.0.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for example 192.168.1.254.

VID Enter the VLAN identification number associated with the Switch IP address. This is the VLAN ID of the CPU and is used for management only. The default is "1". All ports, by default, are fixed members of this "management VLAN" in order to manage the device from any port. If a port is not a member of this VLAN, then users on that port cannot access the device. To access the Switch make sure the port that you are connected to is a member of Management VLAN.

Out-of-band Management IP Address

Enter the IP address of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example 192.168.0.1.

If you change this IP address, make sure the computer connected to this management port is in the same subnet before accessing the Switch.

Enter the IP subnet mask of your Switch in dotted decimal notation for example 255.255.255.0.

Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for example 192.168.0.254.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring the fields again.

In-band IP Addresses

You can create up to 64 IP addresses, which are used to access and manage the Switch from the ports belonging to the pre-defined VLAN(s). You must configure a VLAN first.

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 11 Basic Setting > IP Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION IP Address Enter the IP address for managing the Switch by the members of the VLAN specified in the VID field below.

IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.

VID Type the VLAN group identification number.

Default Gateway Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation.

Add Click Add to insert the entry to the summary table below and save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to edit the rule.

IP Address This field displays the IP address.

IP Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.

Default Gateway This field displays the IP address of the default gateway.

Delete Check the management IP addresses that you want to remove in the Delete column, then click the Delete button.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkboxes in the Delete column.

Use this screen to configure Switch port settings.Click Basic Setting > Port Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen.

Chapter 7 Basic Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port

This is the port index number.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.

Enter a descriptive name that identifies this port. You can enter up to 64 alpha- numerical characters.

Note: Due to space limitation, the port name may be truncated in some web configurator screens.

This field displays 10/100/1000M for Gigabit connections.

Select the speed and the duplex mode of the Ethernet connection on this port. Choices are Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/ Full Duplex and 1000M/Full Duplex.

Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support. When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the Switch negotiates with the peer automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the Switch determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode. When the Switch's auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre- configured speed and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.

A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.

The Switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and backpressure flow control in half duplex mode.

IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port memory buffers fill.

Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision" signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to enable it.

This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag. See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 75 for more information.

Configure the way to treat BPDUSs received on this port. You must activate bridging control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.

Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port. Select Tunnel to forward BPDUSs received on this port.

Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.

Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Table 12 Basic Setting > Port Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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Chapter 7 Basic Setting

Authentication & Accounting (171) IP Source Guard (185)

VLAN The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANSs.

8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANS

À tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANS can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).

The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANSs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.

TPID User Priority CFI VLAN ID 2Bytes |3 Bits 1 Bit |12 bits

8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames

Each port on the Switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the Switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.

À broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the system) is duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port itself), thus confining the broadcast to a specific domain.

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GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across

8.2.1 GARP GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de- register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific application, for example, GVRP.

Switches join VLANSs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by is:

message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. À Leave All message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.

8.2.2 GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this function to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.

Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology. Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology

VLAN PARAMETER | TERM DESCRIPTION VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually. Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/

deregistration process.

VLAN Administrative Control

Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.

Registration Forbidden

Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the specified VLAN.

Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.

VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing frames transmitted. Untagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN don't tag all outgoing frames transmitted. VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that

Acceptable Frame Type

You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged incoming frames, just tagged incoming frames or just untagged incoming frames on a port.

If set, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANS that do not have this port as a member

8.3 Port VLAN Trunking

Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.

Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (VI and V2) on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).

Figure 39 Port VLAN Trunking

Select a VLAN type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen.

VLAN Type G 80210 € Port Based

8.5 Static VLAN Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be

+ sent to a VLAN group as normal depending on its VLAN tag. + sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not. + _blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.

You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the specified VID.

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on page 85 for more information on Static VLAN. Click Advanced

Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status screen as shown

LABEL DESCRIPTION The Number of

VLAN This is the number of VLANS configured on the Switch.

Index This is the VLAN index number. Click on an index number to view more VLAN details. VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN

This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static VLAN was set up.

This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP, static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).

Click Previous or Next to show the previous/next screen if all status information cannot be seen in one screen.

Use this screen to view detailed port settings and status of the VLAN group. See Section 8.1 on page 85 for more information on static VLAN. Click on an index number in the VLAN Status screen to display VLAN details.

Chapter 8 VLAN The following

Table 15 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Detail

LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN Status Click this to go to the VLAN Status screen.

VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the Static VLAN screen.

Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN are marked as “—".

Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static VLAN was set up.

Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the Switch; dynamic - using GVRP, static - added as a permanent entry or other - added in another way such as via Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR).

Chapter 8 VLAN The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 16 Advanced Application > VLAN > Static VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings. Name Enter a descriptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes. This name

consists of up to 64 printable characters.

VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.

The port number identifies the port you are configuring.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is the default selection.

Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group. Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.

Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames transmitted with this VLAN Group ID.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to change the fields back to their last saved values.

Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the VLAN settings.

Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

8.5.4 Configure VLAN Port Settings

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local Switch.

Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management port and the dual personality GbE interfaces but not communicate with each other. This option is the most limiting but also the most secure.

Port This field displays the port number.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

If this check box is selected for a port, the Switch discards incoming frames for VLANS that do not include this port in its member set.

Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.

PVID Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.

GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.

Acceptable Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag Only. Frame Type Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on

this port. This is the default setting.

Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. AIl untagged frames will be dropped.

Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to pass through the Switch.

Chapter 8 VLAN Table 17 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

8.6 Subnet Based VLANS

Subnet based VLANS allow you to group traffic into logical VLANS based on the source IP subnet you specify. When a frame is received on a port, the Switch checks if a tag is added already and the IP subnet it came from. The untagged packets from the same IP subnet are then placed in the same subnet based VLAN. One advantage of using subnet based VLANS is that priority can be assigned to traffic from the same IP subnet.

For example, an ISP (Internet Services Provider) may divide different types of services it provides to customers into different IP subnets. Traffic for voice services is designated for IP subnet 172.16.1.0/24, video for 192.168.1.0/24 and data for 10.1.1.0/24. The Switch can then be configured to group incoming traffic based on the source IP subnet of incoming frames.

You configure a subnet based VLAN with priority 6 and VID of 100 for traffic received from IP subnet 172.16.1.0/24 (voice services). You also have a subnet based VLAN with priority 5 and VID of 200 for traffic received from IP subnet 192.168.1.0/24 (video services). Lastly, you configure VLAN with priority 3 and VID of 300 for traffic received from IP subnet 10.1.1.0/24 (data services). All untagged incoming frames will be classified based on their source IP subnet and prioritized accordingly. That is video services receive the highest priority and data the lowest.

Figure 45 Subnet Based VLAN Application Example

8.7 Configuring Subnet Based VLAN Click Subnet Based VLAN in the VLAN Port Setting screen to display the configuration screen as shown.

Subnet based VLAN applies to un-tagged packets and is applicable only when you use IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN.

Figure 46 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Vlan Port Setting Acte (s; DHCP-Vian Override (el App Active (si Name P Mask Bits vo pr Add| Cancel Index Active Name P HaskGits VID Priority Delete Delete | _ Cancel

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Check this box to activate this subnet based VLANS on the Switch.

DHCP-Vian When DHCP snooping is enabled DHCP clients can renew their IP address through

Override the DHCP VLAN or via another DHCP server on the subnet based VLAN.

Select this checkbox to force the DHCP clients in this IP subnet to obtain their IP addresses through the DHCP VLAN.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Active Check this box to activate the IP subnet VLAN you are creating or editing.

Name Enter up to 32 alpha numeric characters to identify this subnet based VLAN.

IP Enter the IP address of the subnet for which you want to configure this subnet based VLAN.

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Chapter 8 VLAN Table 18 Advanced Application > VLAN > VLAN Port Setting > Subnet Based VLAN Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Mask-Bits Enter the bit number of the subnet mask. To find the bit number, convert the subnet mask to binary format and add all the 1's together. Take “255.255.255.0" for example. 255 converts to eight 1s in binary. There are three 255s, so add three eights together and you get the bit number (24).

VID Enter the ID of a VLAN with which the untagged frames from the IP subnet specified in this subnet based VLAN are tagged. This must be an existing VLAN which you defined in the Advanced Applications, VLAN screens.

Priority Select the priority level that the Switch assigns to frames belonging to this VLAN.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done

configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. Index This is the index number identifying this subnet based VLAN. Click on any of these numbers to edit an existing subnet based VLAN. Active This field shows whether the subnet based VLAN is active or not. Name This field shows the name the subnet based VLAN. IP This field shows the IP address of the subnet for this subnet based VLAN. Mask-Bits This field shows the subnet mask in bit number format for this subnet based VLAN. VID This field shows the VLAN ID of the frames which belong to this subnet based VLAN. Priority This field shows the priority which is assigned to frames belonging to this subnet based VLAN. Delete Click this to delete the subnet based VLANSs which you marked for deletion. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

8.8 Port-based VLAN Setup

Port-based VLANSs are VLANSs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the destination MAC address and its associated port.

Port-based VLANS require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.

Port-based VLANSs are specific only to the Switch on which they were created.

When you activate port-based VLAN, the Switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1. You cannot change it.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Æ In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter 1 as the VID.

The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports.

8.8.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Basic Setting > Switch Setup screen and then click Advanced Application > VLAN from the navigation panel to display the next screen.

Figure 47 Port Based VLAN Setup (AIl Connected)

ND Port Based VLAN Setup] Setting Wizard [All connected 1] Apply Incoming EU EN AN DIN ME n lu 1 FR FF PF F Fa: 10 PF FR FF FF à 3 F F F F F F F 3 UFR OFF F FpF + 5 F F F F F F F 5 : FIMIFIFIFI F6 F6 FF Fr BF : Outgoing 7 CREER © FF BEBE : + M DR 6 6 6 6 6 BPERFE : , FF PF Fr + BFEBFE : D la] 212 ERRRIERERRSE : |: M u OF PF 6 6 Fr BPBEPEBPEBPEME + Fu n OF PF F6 6 Fr ECESFEBENENE + + 2 cu M F F F F F F F F F F FR cœv Da os as 6 7 où + 0 n Appiy | _Cancel |

Choose All connected or Port isolation.

All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most flexible but also the least secure.

Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU management port and cannot communicate with each other. AIl incoming ports are selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting but also the most secure.

After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.

These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port). CPU refers to the Switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot be managed from that port.

These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the Switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the Switch cannot be managed from that port.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Static MAC Forward Setup

Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.

This chapter discusses how to configure forwarding rules based on MAC addresses of devices on your network.

9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding

A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table. Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.

Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC address table on a port to access the Switch. See Chapter 17 on page 139 for more information on port security.

Click Advanced Applications > Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen as shown.

Figure 49 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding

D Sete MAC Forwardng _] Active [el Name mac address [ff ff LT vo Port Add| Cancel | Clear Index Acte Name MAC Address vo Port Delete Delete | Cancel

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Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 20 Advanced Application > Static MAC Forwarding

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it by clearing this check box.

Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC address

Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs.

Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.

VID Enter the VLAN identification number.

Port Enter the port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be automatically forwarded.

Add Click Add to save your rule to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses this rule if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to their last saved values.

Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Index Click an index number to modify a static MAC address rule for a port.

Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for identification purposes for this static MAC

address-forwarding rule.

This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification number to which the MAC address belongs.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.

Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be forwarded.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter discusses MAC address port filtering.

10.1 Configure a Filtering Rule

Filtering means sifting traffic going through the Switch based on the source and/or destination

and VLAN group (ID).

Click Advanced Application > Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as

Figure 50 Advanced Application > Filtering

Le Fiterng _] Active (si Name action T° Discard source °_Discard destination mac nn eu à À en vo Add| Cancel | Cieer Index Acte Name MAC Address vD Action Delete Delete | Cancel The following table describes the related labels in this screen. Table 21 Advanced Application > Filtering LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box. Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for identification only.

Table 21 Advanced Application > Filtering (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Action Select Discard source to drop the frames from the source MAC address (specified in the MAC field). The Switch can still send frames to the MAC address.

Select Discard destination to drop the frames to the destination MAC address (specified in the MAC address). The Switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC address.

Select Discard source and Discard destination to block traffic to/from the MAC address specified in the MAC field.

MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs.

VID Type the VLAN group identification number.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.

Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the settings.

Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose only.

MAC This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification

Address number to which the MAC address belongs.

VID This field displays the VLAN group identification number.

Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the Delete button.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.

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Spanning Tree Protocol

The Switch supports Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) as defined in the following standards.

+ IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol + IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol + IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

The Switch also allows you to set up multiple STP configurations (or trees). Ports can then be assigned to the trees.

11.1 STP/RSTP Overview

(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

The Switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allows faster convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STP- only aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.

af In this user's guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.

11.11 STP Terminology

The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree.

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Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. The recommended cost is assigned according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher the cost.

Table 22 STP Path Costs

LINK RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED ALLOWED SPEED VALUE RANGE RANGE Path 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1to 65535 Cost Path 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535 Cost Path 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535 Cost Path 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535 Cost Path 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1to 65535 Cost Path 10Gbps 2 1to5 1 to 65535 Cost

On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root. Itis the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree network.

For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the root among the bridges connected to the LAN.

Afier a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANS, and disables all other ports that participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports, eliminating any possible network loops.

STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUSs) periodically. When the bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.

Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to re-establish a valid network topology.

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11.1.3 STP Port States

STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go

directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops. Table 23 STP Port States

PORT STATE | DESCRIPTION Disabled STP is disabled (default).

Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUSs are received and processed.

Listening All BPDUSs are received and processed. Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.

Learning All BPDUSs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the learning process but not forwarded.

Forwarding All BPDUSs are received and processed. All information frames are received and forwarded.

11.14 Multiple RSTP MRSTP (Multiple RSTP) is ZyXEL's proprietary feature that is compatible with RSTP and STP. With MRSTP, you can have more than one spanning tree on your Switch and assign

port(s) to each tree. Each spanning tree operates independently with its own bridge

In the following example, there are two RSTP instances (MRSTP 1 and MRSTP2) on switch

To set up MRSTP, activate MRSTP on the Switch and specify which port(s) belong to which

Æ Each port can belong to one STP tree only.

Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol

11.1.5 Multiple STP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.15) is backward compatible with STP/RSTP and addresses the limitations of existing spanning tree protocols (STP and RSTP) in networks to include the following features:

+ One Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that represents the entire network’s connectivity.

+ Grouping of multiple bridges (or switching devices) into regions that appear as one single bridge on the network.

+ A VLAN can be mapped to a specific Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI). MSTI allows multiple VLANSs to use the same spanning tree.

+ Load-balancing is possible as traffic from different VLANS can use distinct paths in a region. 11.1.5.1 MSTP Network Example

The following figure shows a network example where two VLANSs are configured on the two switches. If the switches are using STP or RSTP, the link for VLAN 2 will be blocked as STP and RSTP allow only one link in the network and block the redundant link.

Figure 52 STP/RSTP Network Example

With MSTP, VLANS 1 and 2 are mapped to different spanning trees in the network. Thus traffic from the two VLANSs travel on different paths. The following figure shows the network example using MSTP.

An MST region is a logical grouping of multiple network devices that appears as a single device to the rest of the network. Each MSTP-enabled device can only belong to one MST region. When BPDUSs enter an MST region, external path cost (of paths outside this region) is increased by one. Internal path cost (of paths within this region) is increased by one when BPDUs traverse the region.

Devices that belong to the same MST region are configured to have the same MSTP configuration identification settings. These include the following parameters:

+ Name of the MST region

+ Revision level as the unique number for the MST region

+ VLAN-to-MST Instance mapping

11.1.5.3 MST Instance

An MST Instance (MSTI) is a spanning tree instance. VLANS can be configured to run on a specific MSTI. Each created MSTI is identified by a unique number (known as an MST ID) known internally to a region. Thus an MSTI does not span across MST regions.

The following figure shows an example where there are two MST regions. Regions 1 and 2 have 2 spanning tree instances.

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Figure 54 MSTis in Different Regions

11.1.5.4 Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) A CIST represents the connectivity of the entire network and it is equivalent to a spanning tree in an STP/RSTP. The CIST is the default MST instance (MSTID 0). Any VLANSs that are not members of an MST instance are members of the CIST. In an MSTP-enabled network, there is only one CIST that runs between MST regions and single spanning tree devices. A network may contain multiple MST regions and other network segments running RSTP.

Figure 55 MSTP and Legacy RSTP Network Example

The Spanning Tree Protocol status screen changes depending on what standard you choose to implement on your network. Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol to see the screen as shown.

This screen differs depending on which STP mode (RSTP, MRSTP or MSTP) you configure on the Switch. This screen is described in detail in the section that follows the configuration section for each STP mode. Click Configuration to activate one of the STP standards on the

11.3 Spanning Tree Configuration

Use the Spanning Tree Configuration screen to activate one of the STP modes on the Switch. Click Configuration in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol.

© Rapid Spanning Tree © Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree © Multiple Spanning Tree

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 24 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION Spanning Tree You can activate one of the STP modes on the Switch.

Mode Select Rapid Spanning Tree, Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree or Multiple Spanning Tree. See Section 11.1 on page 101 for background information on STP.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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Use this screen to configure RSTP settings, see Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information on RSTP. Click RSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol screen.

Figure 58 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP Active (ol Bridge Priority 32768 mi Hello Time RE Seconds MAX Age Ro Seconds Forwarding Delay (EM Seconds Port Active Priority Path Cost - D [1 [1] 1 F (ER 4 2 F 128 4 3 F (EM 4 4 F Fes 4 5 [a 28 a 6 O fes 4 7 [ml Fes | 4 Uhr ÈhÈRR AE È RÉ ÈS 2 Sn Er Pont ap En ET EE TT Apply | Cancel

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Click Status to display the RSTP Status screen (see Figure 59 on page 110).

Select this check box to activate RSTP. Clear this checkbox to disable RSTP.

Note: You must also activate Rapid Spanning Tree in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration screen to enable RSTP on the Switch.

Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port. The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list box.

The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.

Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time, Max Age and Forwarding Delay.

Table 25 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > RSTP (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10 seconds.

Max Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a

BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. All Switch ports (except for designated ports) should receive BPDUSs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. [fit is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the Switch ports attached to the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.

Forwarding Delay | This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch will wait before changing states. This delay is required because every switch must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30 seconds.

Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1) Port This field displays the port number.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by- port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them. Active Select this check box to activate RSTP on this port. Priority Configure the priority for each port here.

Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.

Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is recommended to assign this value according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher the cost - see Table 22 on page 102 for more information.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

11.5 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status

Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the status screen as shown next. See Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information on RSTP.

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Æ This screen is only available after you activate RSTP on the Switch.

Figure 59 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP L @ Spanning Tree Protocol Status __2 Configuration RSTP MRSTP MSTP Spanning Tree Protocol: RSTP Bridge Root Our Bridge Bridge ID 0000-000000000000 0000-000000000000 Hello Time (second) (] û Max Age (second) ] û Forwarding Delay (second) 0 û Cost to Bridge o Port ID 0x0000 Topology Changed Times û Time Since Last Change 0:00:00

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 26 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: RSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click RSTP to edit RSTP settings on the Switch.

Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this switch. This Switch may also be the root bridge.

Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the Switch is the root switch.

Hello Time This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a

(second) configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and

Max Age (second) | This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.

Forwarding Delay | This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that (second) is, listening to learning to forwarding).

Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.

Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this Switch to the root switch.

Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.

Topology This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured. Changed Times

Time Since Last This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured. Change

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To configure MRSTP, click MRSTP in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol screen. See Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information on MRSTP.

Figure 60 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP Status Tree Active Bridge Priority Hello Time MAX Age Forwarding Delay 1 Fr 32768 & [2 | seconds [20 seconds [EM 2 Fr 32768 y [2 | seconds [20 _| seconds (EN Port Acte Priority Path Cost Tree + [si LD D.) [DE 1 [nl fi28 fa Fa 2 (mi 28 n Ma 3 (al fes fa Fa 4 ( F8 fl Fa 5 (ri EI] fl Fa 6 (mi EF] fl Fa 7 (ri 28 fl Na 8 ÊÛ 128 4 1: OIL Pc ce > V6, Ps 7 IP IN _Aoniy |_Cenca |

able describes the labels in this screen.

Table 27 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MRSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Status Click Status to display the MRSTP Status screen (see Figure 59 on page 110). Tree This is a read only index number of the STP trees.

Active Select this check box to activate an STP tree. Clear this checkbox to disable an

Note: You must also activate Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration screen to enable MRSTP on the Switch.

Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port. The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list box.

The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.

Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time, Max Age and Forwarding Delay.

This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10 seconds.

This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. All Switch ports (except for designated ports) should receive BPDUSs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. [fit is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the Switch ports attached to the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.

This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch will wait before changing states. This delay is required because every switch must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30 seconds.

Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use

this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Active Select this check box to activate STP on this port.

Priority Configure the priority for each port here.

Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.

Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is recommended to assign this value according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher the cost - see Table 22 on page 102 for more information.

Tree Select which STP tree configuration this port should participate in.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

11.7 Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Status

Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the status screen as shown next. See Section 11.1 on page 101 for more information on

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This screen is only available after you activate MRSTP on the Switch.

Figure 61 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP Tree Protocol: MRSTP D @D Spannina Tree Protocol Status

Bridge Root Our Bridge Bridge ID 8000-001349000002 8000-001349000002 Hello Time (second) 2 2 Max Age (second) 20 20 Forwarding Delay (second) 15 15 Cost to Bridge oi] Port ID 0X0000 Topology Changed Times 0 Time Since Last Change 0:00:00

Configuration RSTP MRSTP MSTP The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 28 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MRSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click MRSTP to edit MRSTP settings on the Switch.

Tree Select which STP tree configuration you want to view.

Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this switch. This Switch may also be the root bridge.

Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the Switch is the root switch.

Hello Time This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a

(second) configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and

This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.

Forwarding Delay (second)

This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that is, listening to learning to forwarding).

Note: The listening state does not exist in RSTP.

This is the path cost from the root port on this Switch to the root switch.

Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree. Topology This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.

Time Since Last Change

This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.

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El Enabled VLAN(S) | Port Active Prority Path Cost x CT L 1 [ns 1 [a Fes (ES 2 Ê F28 TM 3 (mi F28 fs 4 (el F28 TA 5 [a fes (TS 6 [ei (ET (TS 7 [ei 28 (ES 8 (mi LEE LT

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 29 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > MSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Status Click Status to display the MSTP Status screen (see Figure 63 on page 117). Active Select this check box to activate MSTP on the Switch. Clear this checkbox to disable MSTP on the Switch. Note: You must also activate Multiple Spanning Tree in the Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Configuration screen to enable MSTP on the Switch. Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10 seconds. MaxAge This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a

BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. All Switch ports (except for designated ports) should receive BPDUSs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. [fit is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the Switch ports attached to the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.

This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch will wait before changing states. This delay is required because every switch must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30 seconds. As a general rule:

Note: 2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)

Enter the number of hops (between 1 and 255) in an MSTP region before the BPDU is discarded and the port information is aged.

Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 characters) of an MST region.

Enter a number to identify a region's configuration. Devices must have the same revision number to belong to the same region.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Instance Use this section to configure MSTI (Multiple Spanning Tree Instance) settings.

Instance Enter the number you want to use to identify this MST instance on the Switch. The

Switch supports instance numbers 0-16.

Set the priority of the Switch for the specific spanning tree instance. The lower the number, the more likely the Switch will be chosen as the root bridge within the spanning tree instance.

LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN Range

Enter the start of the VLAN ID range that you want to add or remove from the

VLAN range edit area in the Start field. Enter the end of the VLAN ID range that

you want to add or remove from the VLAN range edit area in the End field.

+ _ Add-to add this range of VLAN(s) to be mapped to the MST instance.

+ Remove - to remove this range of VLAN(s) from being mapped to the MST instance.

+ Clear - to remove all VLAN(s) from being mapped to this MST instance.

This field displays which VLAN(s) are mapped to this MST instance.

This field displays the port number.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by- port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

Active Select this check box to add this port to the MST instance.

Priority Configure the priority for each port here.

Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.

Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is recommended to assign this value according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher the cost - see Table 22 on page 102 for more information.

Add Click Add to save this MST instance to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses this change if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Instance This field displays the ID of an MST instance.

VLAN This field displays the VID (or VID ranges) to which the MST instance is mapped.

Active Port This field display the ports configured to participate in the MST instance.

Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the Delete button.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

11.9 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Status

Click Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the status screen as shown next. See Section 11.1.5 on page 104 for more information on

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Æ This screen is only available after you activate MSTP on the Switch.

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 30 Advanced Application > Spanning Tree Protocol > Status: MSTP LABEL DESCRIPTION Configuration Click Configuration to specify which STP mode you want to activate. Click MSTP to edit MSTP settings on the Switch.

CST This section describes the Common Spanning Tree settings.

Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this switch. This Switch may also be the root bridge.

Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the Switch is the root switch.

Hello Time This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a

(second) configuration message.

Max Age (second) | This is the maximum time (in seconds) the Switch can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.

This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that is, listening to learning to forwarding).

This is the path cost from the root port on this Switch to the root switch.

Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.

Configuration A configuration digest is generated from the VLAN-MSTI mapping information.

Digest This field displays the 16-octet signature that is included in an MSTP BPDU. This field displays the digest when MSTP is activated on the system.

Topology This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.

Time Since Last Change

This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.

Instance: These fields display the MSTI to VLAN mapping. In other words, which VLANSs run on each spanning tree instance.

Instance This field displays the MSTI ID.

VLAN This field displays which VLANSs are mapped to an MSTI.

MSTI Select the MST instance settings you want to view.

Bridge Root refers to the base of the MST instance. Our Bridge is this switch. This Switch may also be the root bridge.

Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC

address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the Switch is the root switch.

This is the path cost from the root port in this MST instance to the regional root switch.

Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the Switch through which this Switch must communicate with the root of the MST instance.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter shows you how you can cap the maximum bandwidth using the Bandwidth Control screen.

12.1 Bandwidth Control Overview

Bandwidth control means defining a maximum allowable bandwidth for incoming and/or out- going traffic flows on a port.

12.1.1 CIR and PIR The Committed Information Rate (CIR) is the guaranteed bandwidth for the incoming traffic flow on a port. The Peak Information Rate (PIR) is the maximum bandwidth allowed for the incoming traffic flow on a port when there is no network congestion.

The CIR and PIR should be set for all ports that use the same uplink bandwidth. If the CIR is reached, packets are sent at the rate up to the PIR. When network congestion occurs, packets through the ingress port exceeding the CIR will be marked for drop.

Æ The CIR should be less than the PIR. The sum of CIRs cannot be greater than or equal to the uplink bandwidth.

12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup

Click Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control in the navigation panel to bring up the screen as shown next.

The following table describes the related labels in this screen. Table 31 Advanced Application > Bandwidth Control

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable bandwidth control on the Switch. Port This field displays the port number.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Active Select this check box to activate commit rate limits on this port. Commit Specify the guaranteed bandwidth allowed in kilobits per second (Kbps) for the Rate incoming traffic flow on a port. The commit rate should be less than the peak rate. The sum of commit rates cannot be greater than or equal to the uplink bandwidth. Active Select this check box to activate peak rate limits on this port. Peak Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed in kilobits per second (Kbps) for the incoming Rate traffic flow on a port. Active Select this check box to activate egress rate limits on this port.

Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed in kilobits per second (Kbps) for the out- going traffic flow on a port.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

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Broadcast Storm Control

This chapter introduces and shows you how to configure the broadcast storm control feature.

13.1 Broadcast Storm Control Setup

Broadcast storm control limits the number of broadcast, multicast and destination 1ookup failure (DLF) packets the Switch receives per second on the ports. When the maximum number of allowable broadcast, multicast and/or DLF packets is reached per second, the subsequent packets are discarded. Enable this feature to reduce broadcast, multicast and/or DLF packets in your network. You can specify limits for each packet type on each port.

Click Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control in the navigation panel to display

the screen as shown next.

Figure 65 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control

Chapter 13 Broadcast Storm Control

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 32 Advanced Application > Broadcast Storm Control

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable traffic storm control on the Switch. Clear this check box to disable this feature.

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this

row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Broadcast (pkt/s) | Select this option and specify how many broadcast packets the port receives per second.

Multicast (pkt/s) | Select this option and specify how many multicast packets the port receives per second.

DLF (pkt/s) Select this option and specify how many destination lookup failure (DLF) packets the port receives per second.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes ifit is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

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This chapter discusses port mirroring setup screens.

14.1 Port Mirroring Setup

Port mirroring allows you to copy a traffic flow to a monitor port (the port you copy the traffic to) in order that you can examine the traffic from the monitor port without interference.

Click Advanced Application > Mirroring in the navigation panel to display the Mirroring screen. Use this screen to select a monitor port and specify the traffic flow to be copied to the monitor port.

Figure 66 Advanced Application > Mirroring C2 Mirroring 2

Port Mirrored Direction

Chapter 14 Mirroring

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 Advanced Application > Mirroring

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to activate port mirroring on the Switch. Clear this check box to disable the feature.

Monitor The monitor port is the port you copy the traffic to in order to examine it in more detail

Port without interfering with the traffic flow on the original port(s). Enter the port number of the monitor port.

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row

first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Mirrored Select this option to mirror the traffic on a port.

Direction Specify the direction of the traffic to mirror by selecting from the drop-down list box. Choices are Egress (outgoing), Ingress (incoming) and Both.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes ifit is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.

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This chapter shows you how to logically aggregate physical links to form one logical, higher- bandwidth link.

15.1 Link Aggregation Overview

Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.

However, the more ports you aggregate then the fewer available ports you have. A trunk group is one logical link containing multiple ports.

The beginning port of each trunk group must be physically connected to form a trunk group.

The Switch supports both static and dynamic link aggregation.

Æ In a properly planned network, it is recommended to implement static link aggregation only. This ensures increased network stability and control over the trunk groups on your Switch.

See Section 15.6 on page 130 for a static port trunking example.

15.2 Dynamic Link Aggregation

The Switch adheres to the IEEE 802.3ad standard for static and dynamic (LACP) port trunking.

The Switch supports the link aggregation IEEE802.3ad standard. This standard describes the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), which is a protocol that dynamically creates and manages trunk groups.

When you enable LACP link aggregation on a port, the port can automatically negotiate with the ports at the remote end of a link to establish trunk groups. LACP also allows port redundancy, that is, if an operational port fails, then one of the “standby” ports become operational without user intervention. Please note that:

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+ You must connect all ports point-to-point to the same Ethernet switch and configure the ports for LACP trunking.

+ LACP only works on full-duplex links. + All ports in the same trunk group must have the same media type, speed, duplex mode and flow control settings.

Configure trunk groups or LACP before you connect the Ethernet switch to avoid causing network topology loops.

15.2.1 Link Aggregation ID LACP aggregation ID consists of the following information! :

Table 34 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch

SYSTEM PRIORITY | MAC ADDRESS KEY PORT PRIORITY | PORT NUMBER 0000 00-00-00-00-00-00 0000 00 0000

Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation in the navigation panel. The Link Aggregation Status screen displays by default. See Section 15.1 on page 125 for more information.

Figure 67 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status

L @ Link Agaregation Status _] Link Aggregation Setting Index Enabled Ports Sychronized Ports Aggregator ID Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays the trunk ID to identify a trunk group, that is, one logical link containing multiple ports.

Enabled Port These are the ports you have configured in the Link Aggregation screen to be in the trunk group.

1. Port Priority and Port Number are 0 as it is the aggregator ID for the trunk group, not the individual port.

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Chapter 15 Link Aggregation

Table 36 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation Status (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Synchronized Ports

These are the ports that are currently transmitting data as one logical link in this trunk group.

Aggregator ID Link Aggregator ID consists of the following: system priority, MAC address, key, port priority and port number. Refer to Section 15.2.1 on page 126 for more information on this field.

This field displays how these ports were added to the trunk group. It displays:

+ Static - if the ports are configured as static members of a trunk group. + LACP - ifthe ports are configured to join a trunk group via LACP.

15.4 Link Aggregation Setting

Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting to display the screen shown next. See Section 15.1 on page 125 for more information on link

Figure 68 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting

C D Link Aggregation Seting_ _] Status LACP Group ID Active Ti 5 T2 (ml T3 (el T4 [a] 15 EI T6 (si Port Group 1 None » 2 None » 3 [Nore 4 None » 5 None » 6 None x» 7 [Roc sl 8 None » RERO X NN RE | Apply |_ Cancel

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The following table describes the labels in this Table 37 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION Link This is the only screen you need to configure to enable static link aggregation.

Group ID The field identifies the link aggregation group, that is, one logical link containing multiple ports.

Active Select this option to activate a trunk group.

Port This field displays the port number.

Group Select the trunk group to which a port belongs.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

15.5 Link Aggregation Control Protocol

Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP to display the screen shown next. See Section 15.2 on page 125 for more information on dynamic link aggregation.

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Chapter 15 Link Aggregation

Figure 69 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP C @ Link Agaregation Control Protocol _1 Link Aggregation Setting Active (ml

System Priority 65535

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 38 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP LABEL DESCRIPTION Abdregation Note: Do not configure this screen unless you want to enable

Control dynamic link aggregation.

Active Select this checkbox to enable Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).

System LACP system priority is a number between 1 and 65,535. The switch with the lowest

Priority system priority (and lowest port number if system priority is the same) becomes the LACP “server”. The LACP “server” controls the operation of LACP setup. Enter a number to set the priority of an active port using Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The smaller the number, the higher the priority level.

Group ID The field identifies the link aggregation group, that is, one logical link containing multiple ports.

LACP Active | Select this option to enable LACP for a trunk.

Port This field displays the port number.

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Table 38 Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting > LACP LABEL DESCRIPTION Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them. LACP Timeout is the time interval between the individual port exchanges of LACP packets in Timeout order to check that the peer port in the trunk group is still up. If a port does not respond

after three tries, then it is deemed to be “down” and is removed from the trunk. Set a short timeout (one second) for busy trunked links to ensure that disabled ports are removed from the trunk group as soon as possible.

Select either 1 second or 30 seconds.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

15.6 Static Trunking Example

This example shows you how to create a static port trunk group for ports 2-5.

1 Make your physical connections - make sure that the ports that you want to belong to the trunk group are connected to the same destination. The following figure shows ports 2-5 on switch A connected to switch B.

Figure 70 Trunking Example - Physical Connections

2 Configure static trunking - Click Advanced Application > Link Aggregation > Link Aggregation Setting. In this screen activate trunking group T1 and select the ports that should belong to this group as shown in the figure below. Click Apply when you are done.

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Your trunk group 1 (T1) configuration is now complete; you do not need to go to any additional screens.

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Chapter 15 Link Aggregation

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This chapter describes the IEEE 802.1x and MAC authentication methods.

16.1 Port Authentication Overview

Port authentication is a way to validate access to ports on the Switch to clients based on an external server (authentication server). The Switch supports the following methods for port authentication:

+ IEEE 802.1x? - An authentication server validates access to a port based on a username and password provided by the user.

+ MAC - An authentication server validates access to a port based on the MAC address and password of the client.

Both types of authentication use the RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) protocol to validate users. See Section 22.1.2 on page 172 for more information on configuring your RADIUS server settings.

If you enable IEEE 802.1x authentication and MAC authentication on the same port, the Switch performs IEEE 802.1x authentication first. If a user fails to authenticate via the IEEE 802.1x method, then access to the port is denied.

16.1.1 IEEE 802.1x Authentication

The following figure illustrates how a client connecting to a IEEE 802.1x authentication enabled port goes through a validation process. The Switch prompts the client for login information in the form of a user name and password. When the client provides the login credentials, the Switch sends an authentication request to a RADIUS server. The RADIUS server validates whether this client is allowed access to the port.

2. Atthe time of writing, IEEE 802.1x is not supported by all operating systems. See your operating system documentation. If your operating system does not support 802.1x, then you may need to install 802.1x client software.

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Chapter 16 Port Authentication

Authentication Reply Session Granted/Denied

16.1.2 MAC Authentication

MAC authentication works in a very similar way to IEEE 802.1x authentication. The main difference is that the Switch does not prompt the client for login credentials. The login credentials are based on the source MAC address of the client connecting to a port on the Switch along with a password configured specifically for MAC authentication on the Switch.

= Authentication Reply

Session Granted/Denied

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Chapter 16 Port Authentication

16.2 Port Authentication Configuration

To enable port authentication, first activate the port authentication method(s) you want to use (both on the Switch and the port(s)) then configure the RADIUS server settings in the Auth and Acct > Radius Server Setup screen.

Click Advanced Application > Port Authentication in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

Figure 74 Advanced Application > Port Authentication

L_@ Port Authentication 802.1x Click here MAC Authentication Clickhere

Use this screen to activate IEEE 802.1x security. In the Port Authentication screen click 802.1x to display the configuration screen as shown.

Figure 75 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x

Ca 527: _] Port Authentication Active (sl Port Active Reauthentication Reauthentication Timer

8 (= On # 6600: |seconds D LE AL LD Do De, MAL MO AODS ADSL |

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The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 39 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > 802.1x

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to permit 802.1x authentication on the Switch.

Note: You must first enable 802.1x authentication on the Switch before configuring it on each port.

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this

row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Active Select this checkbox to permit 802.1x authentication on this port. You must first allow 802.1x authentication on the Switch before configuring it on each port.

Reauthentication | Specify if a subscriber has to periodically re-enter his or her username and password to stay connected to the port.

Reauthentication | Specify how often a client has to re-enter his or her username and password to stay

Timer connected to the port.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

16.2.2 Activate MAC Authentication

Use this screen to activate MAC authentication. In the Port Authentication screen click MAC Authentication to display the configuration screen as shown.

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Chapter 16 Port Authentication

Figure 76 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication

EP MAC Authentcaton Port Authentication Active Le Name Prefix Password zyxel Timeout ü Port Active + TE 1 [el 2 [ 3 [ 4 [a 5 [a 6 [ei 7 Ê 8 Ê a De Ve eo 0 Vo Apply | Cancel |

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 40 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active

Select this check box to permit MAC authentication on the Switch.

Note: You must first enable MAC authentication on the Switch before configuring it on each port.

Type the prefix that is appended to all MAC addresses sent to the RADIUS server for authentication. You can enter up to 32 printable ASCII characters.

If you leave this field blank, then only the MAC address of the client is forwarded to the RADIUS server.

Type the password the Switch sends along with the MAC address of a client for authentication with the RADIUS server. You can enter up to 32 printable ASCII characters.

Specify the amount of time before the Switch allows a client MAC address that fails authentication to try and authenticate again. Maximum time is 3000 seconds. When a client fails MAC authentication, its MAC address is learned by the MAC address table with a status of denied. The timeout period you specify here is the time the MAC address entry stays in the MAC address table until it is cleared. If you specify 0 for the timeout value, then this entry will not be deleted from the MAC address table.

Note: If the Aging Time in the Switch Setup screen is set to a lower value, then it supersedes this setting. See Section 7.5 on page 75.

This field displays the port number.

Chapter 16 Port Authentication

Table 40 Advanced Application > Port Authentication > MAC Authentication (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Use this row to make the setting the same for all ports. Use this row first and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Select this checkbox to permit MAC authentication on this port. You must first allow MAC authentication on the Switch before configuring it on each port.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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This chapter shows you how to set up port security.

17.1 About Port Security

Port security allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the Switch. The Switch can learn up to 16K MAC addresses in total with no limit on individual ports other than the sum cannot exceed 16K.

For maximum port security, enable this feature, disable MAC address learning and configure static MAC address(es) for a port. It is not recommended you disable port security together with MAC address learning as this will result in many broadcasts. By default, MAC address learning is still enabled even though the port security is not activated.

17.2 Port Security Setup

Click Advanced Application > Port Security in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

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Chapter 17 Port Security

Figure 77 Advanced Application > Port Security

Active Address Learning Limited Number of Learned MAC Address

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 41 Advanced Application > Port Security

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active

Select this option to enable port security on the Switch.

This field displays the port number.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Select this check box to enable the port security feature on this port. The Switch forwards packets whose MAC address(es) is in the MAC address table on this port. Packets with no matching MAC address(es) are dropped.

Clear this check box to disable the port security feature. The Switch forwards all packets on this port.

MAC address learning reduces outgoing broadcast traffic. For MAC address learning to occur on a port, the port itself must be active with address learning enabled.

Limited Number of Learned MAC Address

Use this field to limit the number of (dynamic) MAC addresses that may be learned on a port. For example, if you set this field to "5" on port 2, then only the devices with these five learned MAC addresses may access port 2 at any one time. A sixth device would have to wait until one of the five learned MAC addresses aged out. MAC address aging out time can be set in the Switch Setup screen. The valid range is from “0” to “16384”. “0” means this feature is disabled.

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Chapter 17 Port Security

Table 41 Advanced Application > Port Security (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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142 MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter introduces and shows you how to configure the packet classifier on the Switch.

18.1 About the Classifier and QoS Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without Qos, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.

À classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming port number. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.

Configure QoS on the Switch to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network performance. Setting up QoS involves two separate steps: 1 Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.

2 Configure policy rules to define actions to be performed on a classified traffic flow (refer to Chapter 19 on page 149 to configure policy rules).

18.2 Configuring the Classifier

Use the Classifier screen to define the classifiers. After you define the classifier, you can specify actions (or policy) to act upon the traffic that matches the rules. To configure policy rules, refer to Chapter 19 on page 149.

Click Advanced Application > Classifier in the navigation panel to display the configuration screen as shown.

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Chapter 18 Classifier

Active (mi Name Packet Format [AI =

IP Address / TT] LL]

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 42 Advanced Application > Classifier

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable this rule.

Name Enter a descriptive name for this rule for identifying purposes.

Packet Specify the format of the packet. Choices are All, 802.3 tagged, 802.3 untagged, Format Ethernet Il tagged and Ethernet Il untagged.

A value of 802.3 indicates that the packets are formatted according to the IEEE 802.3 standards.

A value of Ethernet Il indicates that the packets are formatted according to RFC 894, Ethernet Il encapsulation.

Specify the fields below to configure a layer 2 classifier.

VLAN Select Any to classify traffic from any VLAN or select the second option and specify the source VLAN ID in the field provided.

Priority Select Any to classify traffic from any priority level or select the second option and specify

a priority level in the field provided.

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Table 42 Advanced Application > Classifier (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Ethernet | Select an Ethernet type or select Other and enter the Ethernet type number in

Type hexadecimal value. Refer to Table 44 on page 146 for information. Source MAC Select Any to apply the rule to all MAC addresses.

Address | To specify a source, select the second choice and type a MAC address in valid MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs).

Port Type the port number to which the rule should be applied. You may choose one port only or all ports (Any).

MAC Select Any to apply the rule to all MAC addresses.

DSCP Select Any to classify traffic from any DSCP or select the second option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided.

IP Select an IP protocol type or select Other and enter the protocol number in decimal value.

Protocol Refer to Table 45 on page 147 for more information.

You may select Establish Only for TCP protocol type. This means that the Switch will pick out the packets that are sent to establish TCP connections.

IP Enter a source IP address in dotted decimal notation. Address/_ | Specify the address prefix by entering the number of ones in the subnet mask. Address A subnet mask can be represented in a 32-bit notation. For example, the subnet mask

Prefix “255.255.255.0" can be represented as “11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000", and counting up the number of ones in this case results in 24. see Note: You must select either UDP or TCP in the IP Protocol field before you configure the socket numbers. Select Any to apply the rule to all TCP/UDP protocol port numbers or select the second option and enter a TCP/UDP protocol port number. Refer to Table 46 on page 147 for more information. Destination IP Enter a destination IP address in dotted decimal notation. Address/_ | Specify the address prefix by entering the number of ones in the subnet mask. Address Prefix soc Note: You must select either UDP or TCP in the IP Protocol field before you configure the socket numbers. Select Any to apply the rule to all TCP/UDP protocol port numbers or select the second option and enter a TCP/UDP protocol port number. Refer to Table 46 on page 147 for more information. Add Click Add to insert the entry in the summary table below and save your changes to the

Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

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Table 42 Advanced Application > Classifier (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields back to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to set the above fields back to the factory defaults.

18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration

To view a summary of the classifier configuration, scroll down to the summary table at the bottom of the Classifier screen. To change the settings of a rule, click a number in the Index field.

When two rules conflict with each other, a higher layer rule has priority over lower layer rule.

Figure 79 Advanced Application > Classifier: Summary Table

Index Active Name Rule Delete de Yes Example EtherType = IP; SrcMac = 00:50:ba:ad:4f81, SrcPort= port 2, [=]

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 43 Classifier: Summary Table

LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to edit the rule. Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when it is deactivated.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose only. Rule This field displays a summary of the classifier rule’s settings.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

The following table shows some other common Ethernet types and the corresponding protocol number.

Table 44 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Numbers

ETHERNET TYPE PROTOCOL NUMBER IP ETHII 0800 X.75 Internet 0801 NBS Internet 0802 ECMA Internet 0803 Chaosnet 0804 X.25 Level 3 0805

Table 44 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Numbers

ETHERNET TYPE PROTOCOL NUMBER XNS Compat 0807 Banyan Systems OBAD BBN Simnet 5208 IBM SNA 80D5 AppleTalk AARP 80F3

In the Internet Protocol there is a field, called “Protocol”, to identify the next level protocol. The following table shows some common protocol types and the corresponding protocol number. Refer to http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers for a complete list.

Table 45 Common IP Protocol Types and Protocol Numbers

PROTOCOL TYPE PROTOCOL NUMBER ICMP 1

Some of the most common TCP and UDP port numbers are: Table 46 Common TCP and UDP Port Numbers

See Appendix A on page 287 for information on commonly used port numbers.

18.4 Classifier Example

The following screen shows an example where you configure a classifier that identifies all traffic from MAC address 00:50:ba:ad:4f:81 on port 2.

After you have configured a classifier, you can configure a policy (in the Policy screen) to define action(s) on the classified traffic flow.

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This chapter shows you how to configure policy rules.

19.1 Policy Rules Overview

À classifier distinguishes traffic into flows based on the configured criteria (refer to Chapter 18 on page 143 for more information). A policy rule ensures that a traffic flow gets the requested treatment in the network.

DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPS) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ- compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.

19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior

DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.

DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non- DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.

DSCP (6 bits) Unused (2 bits) |

The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.

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Chapter 19 Policy Rule

You must first configure a classifier in the Classifier screen. Refer to Section 18.2 on page 143 for more information.

Click Advanced Applications > Policy Rule in the navigation panel to display the screen as

shown. Figure 81 Advanced Application > Policy Rule L@ Policy __] Active Lei Name Classifier(s) Senera Metering Bandwidth Kbps Out-otProîle Egress Port Parameters gress PO f DSCP Probe ox oscp Tos 0 Forwarding & No change € Discardne packet © Do not drop the matching frame previously marked for dropping Prorih & No change © Setthe packets 802.1 priority °° Sendthe packet to priority queue € Replace the 802.1 priority field with the IP TOS value Diserv & No change Action Setthe packets TOS field °° Replace the IP TOS field with the 802.1 priority value € Settne Difsery Cadepaint field in ne frame Outgoing I sendthe packetto the mirror port I sendthe packetto the egress port Metering T° Enable C° Drop the packet Outotprofe |. Change the DSCP value action T° Set Out-Drop Precedence T° Do not drop ine matching frame previously marked for drapping Add| Cancel | Clear

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

nced Application > Policy Rule

Select the classifier(s) to which this policy rule applies. To select more than one classifier, press [SHIFT] and select the choices at the same time.

Parameters Set the fields bel

configure in the Action field.

low for this policy. You only have to set the field(s) that is related to the action(s) you

General Egress Port | Type the number of an outgoing port. Priority Specify a priority level. DSCP Specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63. TOS Specify the type of service (TOS) priority level.

Metering You can configure the desired bandwidth available to a traffic flow. Traffic that exceeds the maximum bandwidth allocated (in cases where the network is congested) is called out-of-profile traffic.

Bandwidth | Specify the bandwidth in kilobit per second (Kbps). Enter a number between 1 and 1000000. Out-of- Specify a new DSCP number (between 0 and 63) if you want to replace or remark the Profile DSCP number for out-of-profile traffic. DSCP Action

Specify the action(s) the Switch takes on the associated classified traffic flow.

Select No change to forward the packets. Select Discard the packet to drop the packets.

Select Do not drop the matching frame previously marked for dropping to retain the frames that were marked to be dropped before.

Select No change to keep the priority setting of the frames.

Select Set the packet’s 802.1 priority to replace the packet's 802.1 priority field with the value you set in the Priority field.

Select Send the packet to priority queue to put the packets in the designated queue.

Select Replace the 802.1 priority field with the IP TOS value to replace the packet's 802.1 priority field with the value you set in the TOS field.

Select No change to keep the TOS and/or DSCP fields in the packets.

Select Set the packet’s TOS field to set the TOS field with the value you configure in the TOS field.

Select Replace the IP TOS with the 802.1 priority value to replace the TOS field with the value you configure in the Priority field.

Select Set the Diffserv Codepoint field in the frame to set the DSCP field with the value you configure in the DSCP field.

Select Send the packet to the mirror port to send the packet to the mirror port. Select Send the packet to the egress port to send the packet to the egress port.

Select Set the packet’s VLAN ID to set the VLAN ID of the packet with the value you configure in the VLAN ID field.

Select Enable to activate bandwidth limitation on the traffic flow(s) then set the actions to be taken on out-of-profile packets.

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Table 47 Advanced Application > Policy Rule (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Out-of-profile action

Select the action(s) to be performed for out-of-profile traffic. Select Drop the packet to discard the out-of-profile traffic.

Select Change the DSCP value to replace the DSCP field with the value specified in the Out of profile DSCP field.

Select Set Out-Drop Precedence to mark out-of-profile traffic and drop it when network is congested.

Select Do not drop the matching frame previously marked for dropping to queue the frames that are marked to be dropped.

Add Click Add to inset the entry to the summary table below and save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields back to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to set the above fields back to the factory defaults.

19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration

To view a summary of the classifier configuration, scroll down to the summary table at the bottom of the Policy screen. To change the settings of a rule, click a number in the Index field.

Figure 82 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Advanced Application > Policy Rule: Summary Table

LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays the policy index number. Click an index number to edit the policy. Active This field displays Yes when policy is activated and No when is it deactivated. Name This field displays the name you have assigned to this policy.

Classifier(s) | This field displays the name(s) of the classifier to which this policy applies.

Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

The figure below shows an example Policy screen where you configure a policy to limit bandwidth and discard out-of-profile traffic on a traffic flow classified using the Example classifier (refer to Section 18.4 on page 147).

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I Sendthe packetto the mirror port

I Sendthe packetto the egress port

1° Settne packets VLAN ID I Sendthe matching frames (broadcast or DLF, mulicast, marked for dropping or to be sentto the CPU) to

Metering N° Enable F Drop the packet Out-of-profile I Change the DSCP value action 1 Set Out-Drop Precedence

FD not drop the matching frame previaushy marked for dropping

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This chapter introduces the queuing methods supported.

20.1 Queuing Method Overview

Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion. Use the Queuing Method screen to configure queuing algorithms for outgoing traffic. See also Priority Queue Assignment in Switch Setup and 802.1p Priority in Port Setup for related information.

Queuing algorithms allow switches to maintain separate queues for packets from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.

20.1.1 Strictly Priority Queuing

Strictly Priority Queuing (SPQ) services queues based on priority only. As traffic comes into the Switch, traffic on the highest priority queue, Q7 is transmitted first. When that queue empties, traffic on the next highest-priority queue, Q6 is transmitted until Q6 empties, and then traffic is transmitted on Q5 and so on. If higher priority queues never empty, then traffic on lower priority queues never gets sent. SP does not automatically adapt to changing network requirements.

20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR)

Round Robin Scheduling services queues on a rotating basis and is activated only when a port has more traffic than it can handle. A queue is a given an amount of bandwidth irrespective of the incoming traffic on that port. This queue then moves to the back of the list. The next queue is given an equal amount of bandwidth, and then moves to the end of the list; and so on, depending on the number of queues being used. This works in a looping fashion until a queue is empty.

Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) uses the same algorithm as round robin scheduling, but services queues based on their priority and queue weight (the number you configure in the queue Weight field) rather than a fixed amount of bandwidth. WRR is activated only when a port has more traffic than it can handle. Queues with larger weights get more service than queues with smaller weights. This queuing mechanism is highly efficient in that it divides any available bandwidth across the different traffic queues and returns to queues that have not yet emptied.

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Click Advanced Application > Queuing Method in the navigation panel.

F R F F FE F F F F R F FE F F F FE F R F FE FE F F F F R F FE FE F F F Er] ES The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 49 Advanced Application > Queuing Method

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port

This label shows the port you are configuring.

Select SPQ (Strict Priority Queuing) or WRR (Weighted Round Robin).

Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) services queues based on priority only. When the highest priority queue empties, traffic on the next highest-priority queue begins. Q7 has the highest priority and Q0 the lowest.

Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) services queues on a rotating basis based on their queue weight (the number you configure in the queue Weight field). Queues with larger weights get more service than queues with smaller weights.

When you select WRR, enter the queue weight here. Bandwidth is divided across the different traffic queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more service than queues with smaller weights.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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This chapter shows you how to configure various multicast features.

21.1 Multicast Overview

Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender to 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender to everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to just a group of hosts on the network.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. Refer to RFC 1112, RFC 2236 and RFC 3376 for information on IGMP versions 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

21.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses

In IPv4, a multicast address allows a device to send packets to a specific group of hosts (multicast group) in a different subnetwork. À multicast IP address represents a traffic receiving group, not individual receiving devices. IP addresses in the Class D range (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) are used for IP multicasting. Certain IP multicast numbers are reserved by IANA for special purposes (see the IANA web site for more information).

21.1.2 IGMP Filtering

With the IGMP filtering feature, you can control which IGMP groups a subscriber on a port can join. This allows you to control the distribution of multicast services (such as content information distribution) based on service plans and types of subscription.

You can set the Switch to filter the multicast group join reports on a per-port basis by configuring an IGMP filtering profile and associating the profile to a port.

21.1.3 IGMP Snooping

A Switch can passively snoop on IGMP packets transferred between IP multicast routers/ switches and IP multicast hosts to learn the IP multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the Switch to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them.

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The Switch forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups (that it has learned from IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured) to ports that are members of that group. IGMP snooping generates no additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic passing through your Switch.

21.1.4 IGMP Snooping and VLANS The Switch can perform IGMP snooping on up to 16 VLANSs. You can configure the Switch to automatically learn multicast group membership of any VLANS. The Switch then performs IGMP snooping on the first 16 VLANSs that send IGMP packets. This is referred to as auto mode. Alternatively, you can specify the VLANS that IGMP snooping should be performed on. This is referred to as fixed mode. In fixed mode the Switch does not learn multicast group membership of any VLANS other than those explicitly added as an IGMP snooping VLAN.

21.2 Multicast Status

Click Advanced Applications > Multicast to display the screen as shown. This screen shows the multicast group information. See Section 21.1 on page 157 for more information on multicasting.

Figure 85 Advanced Application > Multicast

[_@D Multicast Status Multicast Setting Index VID Port Muiticast Group

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 Advanced Application > Multicast Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This is the index number of the entry.

VID This field displays the multicast VLAN ID.

Port This field displays the port number that belongs to the multicast group. Multicast Group This field displays IP multicast group addresses.

21.3 Multicast Setting

Click Advanced Applications > Multicast > Multicast Setting link to display the screen as shown. See Section 21.1 on page 157 for more information on multicasting.

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 51 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION IGMP Snooping Use these settings to configure IGMP Snooping. Active Select Active to enable IGMP Snooping to forward group multicast traffic only to

ports that are members of that group.

Specify the time (from 1 to 16,711,450) in seconds that elapses before the Switch removes an IGMP group membership entry if it does not receive report messages from the port.

Enter an IGMP leave timeout value (from 1 to 16,711,450) in seconds. This defines how many seconds the Switch waits for an IGMP report before removing an IGMP snooping membership entry when an IGMP leave message is received from a host.

Select a priority level (0-7) to which the Switch changes the priority in outgoing IGMP control packets. Otherwise, select No-Change to not replace the priority.

Select Active to enable IGMP filtering to control which IGMP groups a subscriber on a port can join.

Note: If you enable IGMP filtering, you must create and assign IGMP filtering profiles for the ports that you want to allow to join multicast groups.

Unknown Multicast Frame

Specify the action to perform when the Switch receives an unknown multicast frame. Select Drop to discard the frame(s). Select Flooding to send the frame(s) to all ports.

Table 51 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Reserved Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255) are reserved for the local scope. Multicast Group For examples, 224.0.0.1 is for all hosts in this subnet, 224.0.0.2 is for all multicast routers in this subnet, etc. A router will not forward a packet with the destination IP address within this range. See the IANA web site for more information.

Specify the action to perform when the Switch receives a frame with a reserved multicast address. Select Drop to discard the frame(s). Select Flooding to send the frame(s) to all ports.

Port This field displays the port number.

* Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by- port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

Immed. Leave Select this option to set the Switch to remove this port from the multicast tree when an IGMP version 2 leave message is received on this port.

Select this option if there is only one host connected to this port.

Group Limited Select this option to limit the number of multicast groups this port is allowed to join.

Max Group Num. | Enter the number of multicast groups this port is allowed to join. Once a port is registered in the specified number of multicast groups, any new IGMP join report frame(s) is dropped on this port.

IGMP Filtering Select the name of the IGMP filtering profile to use for this port. Otherwise, select Profile Default to prohibit the port from joining any multicast group.

You can create IGMP filtering profiles in the Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile screen.

IGMP Querier The Switch treats an IGMP query port as being connected to an IGMP multicast Mode router (or server). The Switch forwards IGMP join or leave packets to an IGMP query port.

Select Auto to have the Switch use the port as an IGMP query port if the port receives IGMP query packets.

Select Fixed to have the Switch always use the port as an IGMP query port. Select this when you connect an IGMP multicast server to the port.

Select Edge to stop the Switch from using the port as an IGMP query port. The Switch will not keep any record of an IGMP router being connected to this port. The Switch does not forward IGMP join or leave packets to this port.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

21.4 IGMP Snooping VLAN Click Advanced Applications > Multicast in the navigation panel. Click the Multicast Setting link and then the IGMP Snooping VLAN link to display the screen as shown. See Section 21.1.4 on page 158 for more information on IGMP Snooping VLAN.

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 52 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Snooping VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION Mode

Select auto to have the Switch learn multicast group membership information of any VLANSs automatically.

Select fixed to have the Switch only learn multicast group membership information of the VLAN(s) that you specify below.

In either auto or fixed mode, the Switch can learn up to 16 VLANS (including up to three VLANSs you configured in the MVR screen). For example, if you have configured one multicast VLAN in the MVR screen, you can only specify up to 15 VLANSs in this screen.

The Switch drops any IGMP control messages which do not belong to these 16 VLANSs.

Note: You must also enable IGMP snooping in the Multicast Setting screen first.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

VLAN Use this section of the screen to add VLANS upon which the Switch is to perform IGMP snooping.

Enter the descriptive name of the VLAN for identification purposes.

VID Enter the ID of a static VLAN; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.

Note: You cannot configure the same VLAN ID as in the MVR screen.

Click Add to insert the entry in the summary table below and save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.

Click this to clear the fields.

Chapter 21 Multicast

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.

VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group.

Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column, then click the

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

21.5 IGMP Filtering Profile

An IGMP filtering profile specifies a range of multicast groups that clients connected to the Switch are able to join. A profile contains a range of multicast IP addresses which you want clients to be able to join. Profiles are assigned to ports (in the Multicast Setting screen). Clients connected to those ports are then able to join the multicast groups specified in the profile. Each port can be assigned a single profile. A profile can be assigned to multiple ports.

Click Advanced Applications > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile link to display the screen as shown.

Figure 88 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile

Start Address End Address

Delete Rule Defauit [a] 0000 0000 (=)

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile

LABEL DESCRIPTION Profile Name Enter a descriptive name for the profile for identification purposes.

To configure additional rule(s) for a profile that you have already added, enter the profile name and specify a different IP multicast address range.

Start Address Type the starting multicast IP address for a range of multicast IP addresses that you want to belong to the IGMP filter profile.

End Address Type the ending multicast IP address for a range of IP addresses that you want to belong to the IGMP filter profile.

If you want to add a single multicast IP address, enter it in both the Start Address and End Address fields.

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Table 53 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > IGMP Filtering Profile

LABEL DESCRIPTION Add Click Add to save the profile to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.

Profile Name This field displays the descriptive name of the profile.

Start Address This field displays the start of the multicast address range.

End Address This field displays the end of the multicast address range.

Delete To delete the profile(s) and all the accompanying rules, select the profile(s) that

you want to remove in the Delete Profile column, then click the Delete button.

To delete a rule(s) from a profile, select the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete Rule column, then click the Delete button.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete Profile/Delete Rule check boxes.

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand (MoD)) that use multicast traffic across an Ethernet ring-based service provider network.

MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to be shared among different subscriber VLANSs on the network. While isolated in different subscriber VLANS, connected devices can subscribe to and unsubscribe from the multicast stream in the multicast VLAN. This improves bandwidth utilization with reduced multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANSs and simplifies multicast group management.

MVR only responds to IGMP join and leave control messages from multicast groups that are configured under MVR. Join and leave reports from other multicast groups are managed by IGMP snooping.

The following figure shows a network example. The subscriber VLAN (1, 2 and 3) information is hidden from the streaming media server, S. In addition, the multicast VLAN information is only visible to the Switch and S.

Figure 89 MVR Network Example

21.6.1 Types of MVR Ports

In MVR, a source port is a port on the Switch that can send and receive multicast traffic in a multicast VLAN while a receiver port can only receive multicast traffic. Once configured, the Switch maintains a forwarding table that matches the multicast stream to the associated multicast group.

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You can set your Switch to operate in either dynamic or compatible mode.

In dynamic mode, the Switch sends IGMP leave and join reports to the other multicast devices (such as multicast routers or servers) in the multicast VLAN. This allows the multicast devices to update the multicast forwarding table to forward or not forward multicast traffic to the receiver ports.

In compatible mode, the Switch does not send any IGMP reports. In this case, you must manually configure the forwarding settings on the multicast devices in the multicast VLAN.

21.6.3 How MVR Works

The following figure shows a multicast television example where a subscriber device (such as a computer) in VLAN 1 receives multicast traffic from the streaming media server, S, via the

Switch. Multiple subscriber devices can connect through a port configured as the receiver on

When the subscriber selects a television channel, computer A sends an IGMP report to the Switch to join the appropriate multicast group. If the IGMP report matches one of the configured MVR multicast group addresses on the Switch, an entry is created in the forwarding table on the Switch. This maps the subscriber VLAN to the list of forwarding destinations for the specified multicast traffic.

When the subscriber changes the channel or turns off the computer, an IGMP leave message is sent to the Switch to leave the multicast group. The Switch sends a query to VLAN I onthe receiver port (in this case, a DSL port on the Switch). If there is another subscriber device connected to this port in the same subscriber VLAN, the receiving port will still be on the list of forwarding destination for the multicast traffic. Otherwise, the Switch removes the receiver port from the forwarding table.

Figure 90 MVR Multicast Television Example

21.7 General MVR Configuration

Use the MVR screen to create multicast VLANS and select the receiver port(s) and a source port for each multicast VLAN. Click Advanced Applications > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR link to display the screen as shown next.

You can create up to three multicast VLANSs and up to 256 multicast rules on the Switch.

Figure 91 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR LOMR md Multicast Setting Group Configuration Active Le Name Muïticast VLAN ID 802.1p Priority > Mode & Dynamic © Compatible Port Source Port None Tagging ® [= 1 Ce] Q (mi 2 c 6 F 3 (ol Q [m 4 (o] Q (ui 5 c 6 Fr 6 Ce] Q [a 7 c ô F 3 Z RS RAS [el ASSET SAS TS ST Lib bre D LD D nes | Add] _ Cancel VLAN Acte Name Mode Source Port Receïver Port 8021p Delete Delete | Cancel

The following table describes the related labels in this screen.

Table 54 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable MVR to allow one single multicast VLAN to be shared among different subscriber VLANSs on the network.

Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification purposes.

Multicast VLAN | Enter the VLAN ID (1 to 4094) of the multicast VLAN.

Select a priority level (0-7) with which the Switch replaces the priority in outgoing IGMP control packets (belonging to this multicast VLAN).

Mode Specify the MVR mode on the Switch. Choices are Dynamic and Compatible. Select Dynamic to send IGMP reports to all MVR source ports in the multicast VLAN. Select Compatible to set the Switch not to send IGMP reports.

Port This field displays the port number on the Switch.

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Table 54 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you

make them. Source Port Select this option to set this port as the MVR source port that sends and receives multicast traffic. All source ports must belong to a single multicast VLAN. Receiver Port Select this option to set this port as a receiver port that only receives multicast traffic. None Select this option to set the port not to participate in MVR. No MVR multicast traffic

is sent or received on this port.

Tagging Select this checkbox if you want the port to tag the VLAN ID in all outgoing frames transmitted.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

VLAN This field displays the multicast VLAN ID.

Active This field displays whether the multicast group is enabled or not.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this setting.

Mode This field displays the MVR mode.

Source Port This field displays the source port number(s).

Receiver Port This field displays the receiver port number(s).

802.1p This field displays the priority level.

Delete To delete a multicast VLAN(s), select the rule(s) that you want to remove in the

Delete column, then click the Delete button.

Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

21.8 MVR Group Configuration

All source ports and receiver ports belonging to a multicast group can receive multicast data sent to this multicast group.

Configure MVR IP multicast group address(es) in the Group Configuration screen. Click Group Configuration in the MVR screen.

A port can belong to more than one multicast VLAN. However, IP multicast group addresses in different multicast VLANS cannot overlap.

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Add| Cancel MVLAN Name Start Address End Address Delete Alt Delete Group

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 55 Advanced Application > Multicast > Multicast Setting > MVR: Group Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION Multicast Select a multicast VLAN ID (that you configured in the MVR screen) from the drop- VLAN ID down list box.

Name Enter a descriptive name for identification purposes.

Start Address | Enter the starting IP multicast address of the multicast group in dotted decimal notation.

Refer to Section 21.1.1 on page 157 for more information on IP multicast addresses.

End Address | Enter the ending IP multicast address of the multicast group in dotted decimal notation.

Enter the same IP address as the Start Address field if you want to configure only one IP address for a multicast group.

Refer to Section 21.1.1 on page 157 for more information on IP multicast addresses.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done

configuring. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh. MVLAN This field displays the multicast VLAN ID. Name This field displays the descriptive name for this setting.

Start Address | This field displays the starting IP address of the multicast group.

End Address | This field displays the ending IP address of the multicast group.

Delete Select Delete Group and click Delete to remove the selected entry(ies) from the table.

Cancel Select Cancel to clear the checkbox(es) in the table.

21.8.1 MVR Configuration Example

The following figure shows a network example where ports 1, 2 and 3 on the Switch belong to VLAN 1. In addition, port 7 belongs to the multicast group with VID 200 to receive multicast traffic (the News and Movie channels) from the remote streaming media server, S. Computers À, B and C in VLAN are able to receive the traffic.

To configure the MVR settings on the Switch, create a multicast group in the MVR screen and set the receiver and source ports.

Figure 94 MVR Configuration Example

CŒOMR Multicast Setting Group Configuration Active Name Multicast VLAN ID 802.1p Priority Mode Port Source Port Receiver Port None Tagging 2 [None xl es] 1 © Lo © F 2 Le] e © O 3 Le) e © DO 4 Le] Le] e [el 5 Le] Le] e F s ü © & ü Ç 7 6 Lol le) F D 8 T T LOI T7

To set the Switch to forward the multicast group traffic to the subscribers, configure multicast group settings in the Group Configuration screen. The following figure shows an example where two multicast groups (News and Movie) are configured for the multicast VLAN 200.

Figure 95 MVR Group Configuration Example

L @æ Group Configuration _____2 MVR Multicast VLAN ID 200 x] Name Start Address End Address Movie [2301250 [301.260 Add| Cancel MVLAN Name StartAddress EndAddress Delete Al Delete Group 200 Û News 241410 2241450 (ei Delete | Cancel

MYLAN Name StartAuiress EndAdiress Deleteal Deiete Group ÆT :

Movie 2301250 2301260 (ei

News 241410 2241450 Ê

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Authentication & Accounting

This chapter describes how to configure authentication and accounting settings on the Switch.

22.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

Authentication is the process of determining who a user is and validating access to the Switch. The Switch can authenticate users who try to log in based on user accounts configured on the Switch itself. The Switch can also use an external authentication server to authenticate a large number of users

Authorization is the process of determining what a user is allowed to do. Different user accounts may have higher or lower privilege levels associated with them. For example, user À may have the right to create new login accounts on the Switch but user B cannot. The Switch can authorize users based on user accounts configured on the Switch itself or it can use an external server to authorize a large number of users.

Accounting is the process of recording what a user is doing. The Switch can use an external server to track when users log in, log out, execute commands and so on. Accounting can also record system related actions such as boot up and shut down times of the Switch.

The external servers that perform authentication, authorization and accounting functions are known as AAA servers. The Switch supports RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, see Section 22.1.2 on page 172) and TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access- Control System Plus, see Section 22.1.2 on page 172) as external authentication, authorization and accounting servers.

Figure 97 AAA Server

22.1.1 Local User Accounts

By storing user profiles locally on the Switch, your Switch is able to authenticate and authorize users without interacting with a network AAA server. However, there is a limit on the number of users you may authenticate in this way (See Chapter 28 on page 231).

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22.1.2 RADIUS and TACACS+

RADIUS and TACACS#+ are security protocols used to authenticate users by means of an external server instead of (or in addition to) an internal device user database that is limited to the memory capacity of the device. In essence, RADIUS and TACACS+ authentication both allow you to validate an unlimited number of users from a central location.

The following table describes some key differences between RADIUS and TACACS+.

Table 56 RADIUS vs TACACS+ RADIUS TACACS+ Transport UDP (User Datagram Protocol) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Protocol Encryption Encrypts the password sent for All communication between the client (the authentication. Switch) and the TACACS server is encrypted.

22.2 Authentication and Accounting Screens

To enable authentication, accounting or both on the Switch. First, configure your authentication server settings (RADIUS, TACACS+ or both) and then set up the

authentication priority and accounting settings.

Click Advanced Application > Auth and Acct in the navigation panel to display the screen

Figure 98 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct

RADIUS Server Setup TACACS+ Server Setup Auth and Acct Setup

_@ Authentication and Accountin

Click Here ClickHere Click Here

22.2.1 RADIUS Server Setup

Use this screen to configure your RADIUS server settings. See Section 22.1.2 on page 172 for more information on RADIUS servers and Section 22.3 on page 180 for RADIUS attributes utilized by the authentication and accounting features on the Switch. Click on the RADIUS Server Setup link in the Authentication and Accounting screen to view the screen as shown.

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Figure 99 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup [ @ FADIUS Server Setup __] Auth and Acct Authentication Server

Mode index-priority x

Index IP Address UDP Port Shared Secret Delete 1 [0.0.0.0 fraz [ O 2 [0.0.0.0 [EE [ [a

Index IP Address UDP Port Shared Secret Delete 1 [00.00 fes [ D 2 [0.0.0.0 HE [ [a

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Use this section to configure your RADIUS authentication settings. Server

Mode This field is only valid if you configure multiple RADIUS servers.

Select index-priority and the Switch tries to authenticate with the first configured RADIUS server, if the RADIUS server does not respond then the Switch tries to authenticate with the second RADIUS server.

Select round-robin to alternate between the RADIUS servers that it sends authentication requests to.

Timeout Specify the amount of time in seconds that the Switch waits for an authentication request response from the RADIUS server.

If you are using index-priority for your authentication and you are using two RADIUS servers then the timeout value is divided between the two RADIUS servers. For example, if you set the timeout value to 30 seconds, then the Switch waits for a response from the first RADIUS server for 15 seconds and then tries the second RADIUS server.

Index This is a read-only number representing a RADIUS server entry. IP Address Enter the IP address of an external RADIUS server in dotted decimal notation. UDP Port The default port of a RADIUS server for authentication is 1812. You need not

change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so.

Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external RADIUS server and the Switch. This key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external RADIUS server and the Switch.

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Table 57 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > RADIUS Server Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Delete Check this box if you want to remove an existing RADIUS server entry from the Switch. This entry is deleted when you click Apply.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Accounting Use this section to configure your RADIUS accounting server settings.

Timeout Specify the amount of time in seconds that the Switch waits for an accounting request response from the RADIUS accounting server.

Index This is a read-only number representing a RADIUS accounting server entry.

IP Address Enter the IP address of an external RADIUS accounting server in dotted decimal notation.

UDP Port The default port of a RADIUS server for accounting is 1813. You need not change

this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so.

Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external RADIUS accounting server and the Switch. This key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external RADIUS accounting server and the Switch.

Check this box if you want to remove an existing RADIUS accounting server entry from the Switch. This entry is deleted when you click Apply.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

22.2.2 TACACS+ Server Setup

Use this screen to configure your TACACS+ server settings. See Section 22.1.2 on page 172 for more information on TACACS+ servers. Click on the TACACS+ Server Setup link in the Authentication and Accounting screen to view the screen as shown.

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Figure 100 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup

D'AN TACASST Server setup Auth and Acct Authentication Server

Mode index-priarity (xl Timeout 30 seconds

Index IP Address TCP Port Shared Secret Delete 1 [0.0.0.0 [49 I (el 2 [0.0.0.0 [4 [ [m

Index IP Address TCP Port Shared Secret Delete 1 [0.000 [49 [ (| 2 [0.0.0.0 [49 [ (el

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 58 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Authentication Use this section to configure your TACACS+ authentication settings. Server

Mode This field is only valid if you configure multiple TACACS+ servers.

Select index-priority and the Switch tries to authenticate with the first configured TACACS+ server, if the TACACS+ server does not respond then the Switch tries to authenticate with the second TACACS+ server.

Select round-robin to alternate between the TACACS+ servers that it sends authentication requests to.

Timeout Specify the amount of time in seconds that the Switch waits for an authentication request response from the TACACS+ server.

If you are using index-priority for your authentication and you are using two TACACS+ servers then the timeout value is divided between the two TACACS+ servers. For example, if you set the timeout value to 30 seconds, then the Switch waits for a response from the first TACACS+ server for 15 seconds and then tries the second TACACS#+ server.

Index This is a read-only number representing a TACACS+ server entry. IP Address Enter the IP address of an external TACACS#+ server in dotted decimal notation. TCP Port The default port of a TACACS#+ server for authentication is 49. You need not

change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so.

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Table 58 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > TACACS+ Server Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Shared Secret

Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external TACACS+ server and the Switch. This key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external TACACS#+ server and the Switch.

Check this box if you want to remove an existing TACACS#+ server entry from the Switch. This entry is deleted when you click Apply.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Use this section to configure your TACACS+ accounting settings.

Specify the amount of time in seconds that the Switch waits for an accounting request response from the TACACS+ server.

This is a read-only number representing a TACACS+ accounting server entry.

Enter the IP address of an external TACACS+ accounting server in dotted decimal notation.

The default port of a TACACS+ server for accounting is 49. You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so.

Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external TACACS+ accounting server and the Switch. This key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external TACACS+ accounting server and the Switch.

Check this box if you want to remove an existing TACACS+ accounting server entry from the Switch. This entry is deleted when you click Apply.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

22.2.3 Authentication and Accounting Setup

Use this screen to configure authentication and accounting settings on the Switch. Click on the Auth and Acct Setup link in the Authentication and Accounting screen to view the screen

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Figure 101 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup

acces Auth and Acct Buthentication Type Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Privilege Enable [local x] [- [- xl Login [locsi x] [- [- xl Accounting Update Period (1) minutes Type Active Broadcast Mode Method Privilege System [ni D - radius - Exec (= CO stant-stop x radius - Dotix (| [mi start-stop 1» radius - Commands (mi D stop-anÿ tacacs+ x

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup

Use this section to specify the methods used to authenticate users accessing the Switch.

These fields specify which database the Switch should use (first, second and third) to authenticate access privilege level for administrator accounts (users for Switch management).

Configure the access privilege of accounts via commands (See the CLI Reference Guide) for local authentication. The TACACS+ and RADIUS are external servers. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have set up the corresponding database correctly first.

You can specify up to three methods for the Switch to authenticate the access privilege level of administrators. The Switch checks the methods in the order you configure them (first Method 1, then Method 2 and finally Method 3). You must configure the settings in the Method 1 field. If you want the Switch to check other sources for access privilege level specify them in Method 2 and Method 3 fields. Select local to have the Switch check the access privilege configured for local authentication.

Select radius or tacacs+ to have the Switch check the access privilege via the external servers.

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Table 59 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Login

These fields specify which database the Switch should use (first, second and third) to authenticate administrator accounts (users for Switch management).

Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control > Logins screen. The TACACS+ and RADIUS are external servers. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have set up the corresponding database correctly first.

You can specify up to three methods for the Switch to authenticate administrator accounts. The Switch checks the methods in the order you configure them (first Method 1, then Method 2 and finally Method 3). You must configure the settings in the Method 1 field. If you want the Switch to check other sources for administrator accounts, specify them in Method 2 and Method 3 fields.

Select local to have the Switch check the administrator accounts configured in the Access Control > Logins screen.

Select radius to have the Switch check the administrator accounts configured via your RADIUS server.

Select tacacs+ to have the Switch check the administrator accounts configured via your TACACS#+ server.

Use this section to configure accounting settings on the Switch.

This is the amount of time in minutes before the Switch sends an update to the accounting server. This is only valid if you select the start-stop option for the Exec or Dotix entries.

The Switch supports the following types of events to be sent to the accounting

+ System - Configure the Switch to send information when the following system events occur: system boots up, system shuts down, system accounting is enabled, system accounting is disabled

+ Exec - Configure the Switch to send information when an administrator logs in and logs out via the console port, telnet or SSH.

+ Dot1x - Configure the Switch to send information when an IEEE 802.1x client begins a session (authenticates via the Switch), ends a session as well as interim updates of a session.

+ _Commands - Configure the Switch to send information when commands of specified privilege level and higher are executed on the Switch.

Select this to activate accounting for a specified event types.

Select this to have the Switch send accounting information to all configured accounting servers at the same time.

If you don't select this and you have two accounting servers set up, then the Switch sends information to the first accounting server and if it doesn't get a response from the accounting server then it tries the second accounting server.

The Switch supports two modes of recording login events. Select:

+ start-stop - to have the Switch send information to the accounting server when a user begins a session, during a user's session (if it lasts past the Update Period), and when a user ends a session.

+ stop-only - to have the Switch send information to the accounting server only when a user ends a session.

Select whether you want to use RADIUS or TACACS# for accounting of specific types of events.

TACACS#+ is the only method for recording Commands type of event.

This field is only configurable for Commandés type of event. Select the threshold command privilege level for which the Switch should send accounting information. The Switch will send accounting information when commandés at the level you specify and higher are executed on the Switch.

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Table 59 Advanced Application > Auth and Acct > Auth and Acct Setup (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

22.2.4 Vendor Specific Attribute

RFC 2865 standard specifies a method for sending vendor-specific information between a RADIUS server and a network access device (for example, the Switch). À company can create Vendor Specific Attributes (VSAs) to expand the functionality of a RADIUS server.

The Switch supports VSAs that allow you to perform the following actions based on user authentication: + Limit bandwidth on incoming or outgoing traffic for the port the user connects to. + _Assign account privilege levels (See Section 36.7 on page 280 for more information on account privilege levels) for the authenticated user. The VSAs are composed of the following: + Vendor-ID: An identification number assigned to the company by the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). ZyXEL's vendor ID is 890. + _Vendor-Type: A vendor specified attribute, identifying the setting you want to modify. +_Vendor-data: A value you want to assign to the setting.

EE Refer to the documentation that comes with your RADIUS server on how to configure VSAs for users authenticating via the RADIUS server.

The following table describes the VSAs supported on the Switch.

Table 60 Supported VSAs

FUNCTION ATTRIBUTE Ingress Bandwidth Vendor-Id = 890 Assignment Vendor-Type = 1 Vendor-data = ingress rate (Kbps in decimal format)

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Table 60 Supported VSAs

FUNCTION ATTRIBUTE Egress Bandwidth Vendor-Id = 890 Assignment Vendor-Type = 2

Vendor-Data = "shell:priv-lvl=\" or

Vendor-ID = 9 (CISCO)

Vendor-Type = 1 (CISCO-AVPAIR) Vendor-Data = "shell:priv-lvl=\" where N is a privilege level (from 0 to 14).

Note: If you set the privilege level of a login account differently on the RADIUS server(s) and the Switch, the user is assigned a privilege level from the database (RADIUS or local) the Switch uses first for user authentication.

22.2.4.1 Tunnel Protocol Attribute

You can configure tunnel protocol attributes on the RADIUS server (refer to your RADIUS server documentation) to assign a port on the Switch to a VLAN based on IEEE 802.1x authentication. The port VLAN settings are fixed and untagged. This will also set the port’s VID. The following table describes the values you need to configure. Note that the bolded values in the table are fixed values as defined in RFC 3580.

Table 61 Supported Tunnel Protocol Attribute

FUNCTION ATTRIBUTE VLAN Assignment Tunnel-Type = VLAN(13) Tunnel-Medium-Type = 802(6)

Tunnel-Private-Group-1D = VLANID Note: You must also create a VLAN with the specified VID on the Switch.

22.3 Supported RADIUS Attributes

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) attributes are data used to define specific authentication, and accounting elements in a user profile, which is stored on the RADIUS server. This appendix lists the RADIUS attributes supported by the Switch.

Refer to RFC 2865 for more information about RADIUS attributes used for authentication. Refer to RFC 2866 and RFC 2869 for RADIUS attributes used for accounting.

This section lists the attributes used by authentication and accounting functions on the Switch. In cases where the attribute has a specific format associated with it, the format is specified.

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22.3.1 Attributes Used for Authentication

The following sections list the attributes sent from the Switch to the RADIUS server when performing authentication.

The following sections list the attributes sent from the Switch to the RADIUS server when performing authentication.

22.3.2.1 Attributes Used for Accounting System Events NAS-IP-Address NAS-Identifier Acct-Status-Type Acct-Session-ID

- The format of Acct-Session-Id is date+time+8-digit sequential number, for example, 2007041917210300000001. (date: 2007/04/19, time: 17:21:03, serial number: 00000001)

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22.3.2.2 Attributes Used for Accounting Exec Events The attributes are listed in the following table along with the time that they are sent (the difference between Console and Telnet/SSH Exec events is that the Telnet/SSH events utilize the Calling-Station-Id attribute): Table 62 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Console

ATTRIBUTE START INTERIM-UPDATE STOP User-Name Y Y Y NAS-Identifier Y Y Y NAS-IP-Address Y Y Y Service-Type Y Y Y Acct-Status-Type Y Y Y Acct-Delay-Time Y Y Y Acct-Session-ld Y Y Y Acct-Authentic Y Y Y Acct-Session-Time Y Y Acct-Terminate-Cause Y Table 63 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via Telnet/SSH ATTRIBUTE START INTERIM-UPDATE STOP User-Name Y Y Y NAS-Identifier Y Y Y NAS-IP-Address Y Y Y Service-Type Y Y Y Calling-Station-Id Y Y Y Acct-Status-Type Y Y Y Acct-Delay-Time Y Y Y Acct-Session-ld Y Y Y Acct-Authentic Y Y Y Acct-Session-Time Y Y Acct-Terminate-Cause Y 22.3.2.3 Attributes Used for Accounting IEEE 802.1x Events The attributes are listed in the following table along with the time of the session they are sent: Table 64 RADIUS Attributes - Exec Events via 802.1x ATTRIBUTE START INTERIM-UPDATE STOP User-Name Y Y Y NAS-IP-Address Y Y Y NAS-Port Y Y Y Class Y Y Y Called-Station-ld Y Y Y Calling-Station-Id Y Y Y NAS-Identifier Y Y Y

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Use IP source guard to filter unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network.

23.1 IP Source Guard Overview

IP source guard uses a binding table to distinguish between authorized and unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network. A binding contains these key attributes:

+ Port number When the Switch receives a DHCP or ARP packet, it looks up the appropriate MAC address,

VLAN ID, IP address, and port number in the binding table. If there is a binding, the Switch forwards the packet. If there is not a binding, the Switch discards the packet.

The Switch builds the binding table by snooping DHCP packets (dynamic bindings) and from information provided manually by administrators (static bindings). IP source guard consists of the following features:

+ Static bindings. Use this to create static bindings in the binding table.

+ DHCP snooping. Use this to filter unauthorized DHCP packets on the network and to build the binding table dynamically.

+ ARP inspection. Use this to filter unauthorized ARP packets on the network.

If you want to use dynamic bindings to filter unauthorized ARP packets (typical implementation), you have to enable DHCP snooping before you enable ARP inspection.

23.1.1 DHCP Snooping Overview

Use DHCP snooping to filter unauthorized DHCP packets on the network and to build the binding table dynamically. This can prevent clients from getting IP addresses from unauthorized DHCP servers.

23.1.1.1 Trusted vs. Untrusted Ports

Every port is either a trusted port or an untrusted port for DHCP snooping. This setting is independent of the trusted/untrusted setting for ARP inspection. You can also specify the maximum number for DHCP packets that each port (trusted or untrusted) can receive each second.

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Trusted ports are connected to DHCP servers or other switches. The Switch discards DHCP packets from trusted ports only if the rate at which DHCP packets arrive is too high. The Switch learns dynamic bindings from trusted ports.

If DHCP is enabled and there are no trusted ports, DHCP requests will not succeed.

Untrusted ports are connected to subscribers. The Switch discards DHCP packets from untrusted ports in the following situations: + The packet is a DHCP server packet (for example, OFFER, ACK, or NACK).

+ The source MAC address and source IP address in the packet do not match any of the current bindings.

+ The packet is a RELEASE or DECLINE packet, and the source MAC address and source port do not match any of the current bindings. + The rate at which DHCP packets arrive is too high.

23.1.1.2 DHCP Snooping Database

The Switch stores the binding table in volatile memory. If the Switch restarts, it loads static bindings from permanent memory but loses the dynamic bindings, in which case the devices in the network have to send DHCP requests again. As a result, it is recommended you configure the DHCP snooping database.

The DHCP snooping database maintains the dynamic bindings for DHCP snooping and ARP inspection in a file on an external TFTP server. If you set up the DHCP snooping database, the Switch can reload the dynamic bindings from the DHCP snooping database after the Switch restarts.

You can configure the name and location of the file on the external TFTP server. The file has the following format:

Figure 102 DHCP Snooping Database File Format

END The <initial-checksum> helps distinguish between the bindings in the latest update and the bindings from previous updates. Each binding consists of 72 bytes, a space, and another checksum that is used to validate the binding when it is read. If the calculated checksum is not equal to the checksum in the file, that binding and all others after it are ignored.

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23.1.1.3 DHCP Relay Option 82 Information The Switch can add information to DHCP requests that it does not discard. This provides the DHCP server more information about the source of the requests. The Switch can add the following information: + Slot ID (1 byte), port ID (1 byte), and source VLAN ID (2 bytes) + System name (up to 32 bytes) This information is stored in an Agent Information field in the option 82 field of the DHCP

headers of client DHCP request frames. See Chapter 27 on page 221 for more information about DHCP relay option 82.

When the DHCP server responds, the Switch removes the information in the Agent Information field before forwarding the response to the original source.

You can configure this setting for each source VLAN. This setting is independent of the DHCP relay settings (Chapter 27 on page 221).

23.1.1.4 Configuring DHCP Snooping Follow these steps to configure DHCP snooping on the Switch. 1 Enable DHCP snooping on the Switch. 2 Enable DHCP snooping on each VLAN, and configure DHCP relay option 82.

Configure trusted and untrusted ports, and specify the maximum number of DHCP packets that each port can receive per second.

4 Configure static bindings.

23.1.2 ARP Inspection Overview

Use ARP inspection to filter unauthorized ARP packets on the network. This can prevent many kinds of man-in-the-middle attacks, such as the one in the following example.

Π-_> A In this example, computer B tries to establish a connection with computer A. Computer X is in the same broadcast domain as computer A and intercepts the ARP request for computer A. Then, computer X does the following things:

+ It pretends to be computer A and responds to computer B.

+ _It pretends to be computer B and sends a message to computer A.

As a result, all the communication between computer A and computer B passes through computer X. Computer X can read and alter the information passed between them.

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23.1.2.1 ARP Inspection and MAC Address Filters

When the Switch identifies an unauthorized ARP packet, it automatically creates a MAC address filter to block traffic from the source MAC address and source VLAN ID of the unauthorized ARP packet. You can configure how long the MAC address filter remains in the Switch.

These MAC address filters are different than regular MAC address filters (Chapter 10 on page 99).

+ They are stored only in volatile memory.

+ They do not use the same space in memory that regular MAC address filters use.

+ They appear only in the ARP Inspection screens and commands, not in the MAC Address Filter screens and commands.

23.1.2.2 Trusted vs. Untrusted Ports

Every port is either a trusted port or an untrusted port for ARP inspection. This setting is independent of the trusted/untrusted setting for DHCP snooping. You can also specify the maximum rate at which the Switch receives ARP packets on untrusted ports.

The Switch does not discard ARP packets on trusted ports for any reason. The Switch discards ARP packets on untrusted ports in the following situations:

+ The sender’s information in the ARP packet does not match any of the current bindings. + The rate at which ARP packets arrive is too high.

The Switch can send syslog messages to the specified syslog server (Chapter 31 on page 257) when it forwards or discards ARP packets. The Switch can consolidate log messages and send log messages in batches to make this mechanism more efficient.

23.1.2.4 Configuring ARP Inspection

Follow these steps to configure ARP inspection on the Switch.

1 Configure DHCP snooping. See Section 23.1.1.4 on page 187.

It is recommended you enable DHCP snooping at least one day before you enable ARP inspection so that the Switch has enough time to build the binding table.

2 Enable ARP inspection on each VLAN.

3 Configure trusted and untrusted ports, and specify the maximum number of ARP packets that each port can receive per second.

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23.2 IP Source Guard

Use this screen to look at the current bindings for DHCP snooping and ARP inspection. Bindings are used by DHCP snooping and ARP inspection to distinguish between authorized and unauthorized packets in the network. The Switch learns the bindings by snooping DHCP packets (dynamic bindings) and from information provided manually by administrators (static bindings). To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard.

Figure 104 IP Source Guard

« ource Guar Static Binding DHCP Snooping Arp Inspection Index Mac Address IP Address Lease Type VID Port 1 a1:1212:12:12:01 172.23.37.222 inifinity static 1 18

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 65 IP Source Guard

LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This field displays a sequential number for each binding.

Mac Address This field displays the source MAC address in the binding.

IP Address This field displays the IP address assigned to the MAC address in the binding.

Lease This field displays how many days, hours, minutes, and seconds the

binding is valid; for example, 2d3h4m5s means the binding is still valid for 2 days, 3 hours, 4 minutes, and 5 seconds. This field displays infinity if the binding is always valid (for example, a static binding).

Type This field displays how the Switch learned the binding.

static: This binding was learned from information provided manually by an administrator.

dhcp-snooping: This binding was learned by snooping DHCP packets. VID This field displays the source VLAN ID in the binding.

Port This field displays the port number in the binding. If this field is blank, the binding applies to all ports.

23.3 IP Source Guard Static Binding

Use this screen to manage static bindings for DHCP snooping and ARP inspection. Static bindings are uniquely identified by the MAC address and VLAN ID. Each MAC address and VLAN ID can only be in one static binding. If you try to create a static binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID as an existing static binding, the new static binding replaces the original one. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > Static Binding.

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Figure 105 IP Source Guard Static Binding

MAC Address IP Address

L_@ PP Source Guard Static Binding

IPSG Add| Cancel | Clear IP Address Lease Type VLAN Port Delete Delete | Cancel

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 66 IP Source Guard Static Binding

LABEL DESCRIPTION MAC Address

Enter the source MAC address in the binding.

IP Address Enter the IP address assigned to the MAC address in the binding.

VLAN Enter the source VLAN ID in the binding.

Port Specify the port(s) in the binding. If this binding has one port, select the first radio button and enter the port number in the field to the right. If this binding applies to all ports, select Any.

Add Click this to create the specified static binding or to update an existing one.

Cancel Click this to reset the values above based on the last selected static binding or, if not applicable, to clear the fields above.

Clear Click this to clear the fields above.

Index This field displays a sequential number for each binding.

This field displays the source MAC address in the binding.

IP Address This field displays the IP address assigned to the MAC address in the binding.

Lease This field displays how long the binding is valid.

Type This field displays how the Switch learned the binding. static: This binding was learned from information provided manually by an administrator.

VLAN This field displays the source VLAN ID in the binding.

Port This field displays the port number in the binding. If this field is blank, the binding applies to all ports.

Delete Select this, and click Delete to remove the specified entry.

Cancel Click this to clear the Delete check boxes above.

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Use this screen to look at various statistics about the DHCP snooping database. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP Snooping.

Agent running Delay timer expiry Abort timer expiry

Last succeeded time Last failed time Last failed reason

Total attempts Startup failures Successful transfers Failed transfers Successful reads Failed reads Successful writes Failed writes

None None No failure recorded Times

IPSG Database detail

Description First successful access

Last ignored bindings counters Binding collisions

Total ignored bindings counters Binding collisions

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The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 67 DHCP Snooping

LABEL DESCRIPTION Database Status

This section displays the current settings for the DHCP snooping database. You can configure them in the DHCP Snooping Configure screen. See Section 23.5 on page 194.

Agent URL This field displays the location of the DHCP snooping database.

This field displays how long (in seconds) the Switch tries to complete a specific update in the DHCP snooping database before it gives up.

This field displays how long (in seconds) the Switch waits to update the DHCP snooping database after the current bindings change.

This field displays the status of the current update or access of the DHCP snooping database.

none: The Switch is not accessing the DHCP snooping database.

read: The Switch is loading dynamic bindings from the DHCP snooping database.

write: The Switch is updating the DHCP snooping database.

Delay timer expiry This field displays how much longer (in seconds) the Switch tries to complete the current update before it gives up. It displays Not Running if the Switch is not updating the DHCP snooping database right now.

Abort timer expiry This field displays when (in seconds) the Switch is going to update the

DHCP snooping database again. It displays Not Running if the current bindings have not changed since the last update.

This section displays information about the last time the Switch updated the DHCP snooping database.

This field displays the last time the Switch updated the DHCP snooping database successfully.

This field displays the last time the Switch updated the DHCP snooping database unsuccessfully.

This field displays the reason the Switch updated the DHCP snooping database unsuccessfully.

This section displays historical information about the number of times the Switch successfully or unsuccessfully read or updated the DHCP snooping database.

This field displays the number of times the Switch has tried to access the DHCP snooping database for any reason.

This field displays the number of times the Switch could not create or read the DHCP snooping database when the Switch started up or a new URL is configured for the DHCP snooping database.

Successful transfers

This field displays the number of times the Switch read bindings from or updated the bindings in the DHCP snooping database successfully.

This field displays the number of times the Switch was unable to read bindings from or update the bindings in the DHCP snooping database.

This field displays the number of times the Switch read bindings from the DHCP snooping database successfully.

This field displays the number of times the Switch was unable to read bindings from the DHCP snooping database.

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Table 67 DHCP Snooping (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Successful writes This field displays the number of times the Switch updated the bindings in the DHCP snooping database successfully.

Failed writes This field displays the number of times the Switch was unable to update the bindings in the DHCP snooping database.

First successful This field displays the first time the Switch accessed the DHCP snooping

access database for any reason.

Last ignored bindings This section displays the number of times and the reasons the Switch

counters ignored bindings the last time it read bindings from the DHCP binding database. You can clear these counters by restarting the Switch or using CLI commands. See the CLI Reference Guide.

Binding collisions This field displays the number of bindings the Switch ignored because the Switch already had a binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID.

Invalid interfaces This field displays the number of bindings the Switch ignored because the port number was a trusted interface or does not exist anymore.

Parse failures This field displays the number of bindings the Switch ignored because the Switch was unable to understand the binding in the DHCP binding database.

Expired leases This field displays the number of bindings the Switch ignored because the

lease time had already expired.

Unsupported vlans This field displays the number of bindings the Switch ignored because the VLAN ID does not exist anymore.

Last ignored time This field displays the last time the Switch ignored any bindings for any reason from the DHCP binding database.

Total ignored bindings This section displays the reasons the Switch has ignored bindings any time counters it read bindings from the DHCP binding database. You can clear these counters by restarting the Switch or using CLI commands. See the CLI Reference Guide.

Binding collisions This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the Switch already had a binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID.

Invalid interfaces This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the port number was a trusted interface or does not exist anymore.

Parse failures This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the Switch was unable to understand the binding in the DHCP binding database.

Expired leases This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the lease time had already expired.

Unsupported vlans This field displays the number of bindings the Switch has ignored because the VLAN ID does not exist anymore.

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23.5 DHCP Snooping Configure

Use this screen to enable DHCP snooping on the Switch (not on specific VLAN), specify the VLAN where the default DHCP server is located, and configure the DHCP snooping database. The DHCP snooping database stores the current bindings on a secure, external TFTP server so that they are still available after a restart. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP Snooping > Configure.

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 68 DHCP Snooping Configure

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable DHCP snooping on the Switch. You still have to enable DHCP snooping on specific VLAN and specify trusted ports.

Note: If DHCP is enabled and there are no trusted ports, DHCP requests will not succeed.

DHCP Vlan Select a VLAN ID if you want the Switch to forward DHCP packets to DHCP servers on a specific VLAN.

Note: You have to enable DHCP snooping on the DHCP VLAN too.

You can enable Option82 in the DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure screen (Section 23.5.2 on page 197) to help the DHCP servers distinguish between DHCP requests from different VLAN.

Select Disable if you do not want the Switch to forward DHCP packets to a specific VLAN.

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Table 68 DHCP Snooping Configure (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Database If Timeout interval is greater than Write delay interval, it is possible that the next update is scheduled to occur before the current update has finished successfully or timed out. In this case, the Switch waits to start the next update until it completes the current one.

Agent URL Enter the location of the DHCP snooping database. The location should be expressed like this: tftp://{domain name or IP address}/directory, if applicable/file name: for example, tftp://192.168.10.1/database.txt.

Timeout interval Enter how long (10-65535 seconds) the Switch tries to complete a specific update in the DHCP snooping database before it gives up.

Write delay interval Enter how long (10-65535 seconds) the Switch waits to update the DHCP snooping database the first time the current bindings change after an update. Once the next update is scheduled, additional changes in current bindings are automatically included in the next update.

Renew DHCP Enter the location of a DHCP snooping database, and click Renew if you Snooping URL want the Switch to load it. You can use this to load dynamic bindings from a different DHCP snooping database than the one specified in Agent URL. When the Switch loads dynamic bindings from a DHCP snooping database, it does not discard the current dynamic bindings first. If there is a conflict, the Switch keeps the dynamic binding in volatile memory and updates the Binding collisions counter in the DHCP Snooping screen (Section 23.4 on page 191).

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click this to reset the values in this screen to their last-saved values.

23.5.1 DHCP Snooping Port Configure

Use this screen to specify whether ports are trusted or untrusted ports for DHCP snooping.

Æ If DHCP is enabled and there are no trusted ports, DHCP requests will not succeed.

You can also specify the maximum number for DHCP packets that each port (trusted or untrusted) can receive each second. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > DHCP Snooping > Configure > Port.

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Figure 108 DHCP Snooping Port Configure

Port Server Trusted state Rate (pps)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port

This field displays the port number. If you configure the * port, the settings are applied to all of the ports.

Server Trusted state

Select whether this port is a trusted port (Trusted) or an untrusted port

Trusted ports are connected to DHCP servers or other switches, and the

Switch discards DHCP packets from trusted ports only if the rate at which

DHCP packets arrive is too high.

Untrusted ports are connected to subscribers, and the Switch discards

DHCP packets from untrusted ports in the following situations:

. nager! is a DHCP server packet (for example, OFFER, ACK, or

+ __ The source MAC address and source IP address in the packet do not match any of the current bindings.

+ __ The packet is a RELEASE or DECLINE packet, and the source MAC address and source port do not match any of the current bindings.

+ The rate at which DHCP packets arrive is too high.

Specify the maximum number for DHCP packets (1-2048) that the Switch receives from each port each second. The Switch discards any additional DHCP packets. Enter 0 to disable this limit, which is recommended for trusted ports.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click this to reset the values in this screen to their last-saved values.

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 70 DHCP Snooping VLAN Configure

LABEL DESCRIPTION Show VLAN Use this section to specify the VLANSs you want to manage in the section below.

Start VID Enter the lowest VLAN ID you want to manage in the section below.

End VID Enter the highest VLAN ID you want to manage in the section below.

Apply Click this to display the specified range of VLANSs in the section below.

VID This field displays the VLAN ID of each VLAN in the range specified above. If you configure the * VLAN, the settings are applied to all VLANSs.

Enabled Select Yes to enable DHCP snooping on the VLAN. You still have to enable DHCP snooping on the Switch and specify trusted ports. Note: If DHCP is enabled and there are no trusted ports,

DHCP requests will not succeed.

Option82 Select this to have the Switch add the slot number, port number and VLAN ID to DHCP requests that it broadcasts to the DHCP VLAN, if specified, or VLAN. You can specify the DHCP VLAN in the DHCP Snooping Configure screen. See Section 23.5 on page 194.

Information Select this to have the Switch add the system name to DHCP requests that it broadcasts to the DHCP VLAN, if specified, or VLAN. You can configure the system name in the General Setup screen. See Chapter 7 on page 71. You can specify the DHCP VLAN in the DHCP Snooping Configure screen. See Section 23.5 on page 194.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click this to reset the values in this screen to their last-saved values.

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23.6 ARP Inspection Status

Use this screen to look at the current list of MAC address filters that were created because the Switch identified an unauthorized ARP packet. When the Switch identifies an unauthorized ARP packet, it automatically creates a MAC address filter to block traffic from the source MAC address and source VLAN ID of the unauthorized ARP packet. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection.

Figure 110 ARP Inspection Status

Total number of filters = 0 Index Mac Address

GDEMATEXTECNEEUENEMD VLAN Status LogStatus Confiqure IPSG D Port Expiry (sec) Reason Delete [ml

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 71 ARP Inspection Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Total number of filters

This field displays the current number of MAC address filters that were created because the Switch identified unauthorized ARP packets.

Index This field displays a sequential number for each MAC address filter. Mac Address This field displays the source MAC address in the MAC address filter. VID This field displays the source VLAN ID in the MAC address filter.

Port This field displays the source port of the discarded ARP packet.

Expiry (sec) This field displays how long (in seconds) the MAC address filter remains in the Switch. You can also delete the record manually (Delete).

Reason This field displays the reason the ARP packet was discarded. MAC+VLAN: The MAC address and VLAN ID were not in the binding table.

IP: The MAC address and VLAN ID were in the binding table, but the IP address was not valid.

Port: The MAC address, VLAN ID, and IP address were in the binding table, but the port number was not valid.

Delete Select this, and click Delete to remove the specified entry.

Cancel Click this to clear the Delete check boxes above.

23.6.1 ARP Inspection VLAN Status

Use this screen to look at various statistics about ARP packets in each VLAN. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > VLAN

Chapter 23 IP Source Guard

€ Selected VLAN Start VID End VID App

Request Reply Forwarded Dropped

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 72 ARP Inspection VLAN Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Show VLAN range

Use this section to specify the VLANSs you want to look at in the section below.

Enabled VLAN Select this to look at all the VLANS on which ARP inspection is enabled in the section below.

Selected VLAN Select this to look at all the VLANSs in a specific range in the section below. Then, enter the lowest VLAN ID (Start VID) and the highest VLAN ID (End VID) you want to look at.

Apply Click this to display the specified range of VLANSs in the section below.

VID This field displays the VLAN ID of each VLAN in the range specified above.

Received This field displays the total number of ARP packets received from the VLAN since the Switch last restarted.

Request This field displays the total number of ARP Request packets received from the VLAN since the Switch last restarted.

Reply This field displays the total number of ARP Reply packets received from the VLAN since the Switch last restarted.

Forwarded This field displays the total number of ARP packets the Switch forwarded for the VLAN since the Switch last restarted.

Dropped This field displays the total number of ARP packets the Switch discarded

for the VLAN since the Switch last restarted.

23.6.2 ARP Inspection Log Status

Use this screen to look at log messages that were generated by ARP packets and that have not been sent to the syslog server yet. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > Log Status.

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Figure 112 ARP Inspection Log Status

Total number of logs = 0

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 73 ARP Inspection Log Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Clearing log status table

Click Apply to remove all the log messages that were generated by ARP packets and that have not been sent to the syslog server yet.

Total number of logs

This field displays the number of log messages that were generated by ARP packets and that have not been sent to the syslog server yet. If one or more log messages are dropped due to unavailable buffer, there is an entry called overflow with the current number of dropped log messages.

This field displays a sequential number for each log message.

This field displays the source port of the ARP packet.

VID This field displays the source VLAN ID of the ARP packet.

This field displays the source MAC address of the ARP packet.

Sender IP This field displays the source IP address of the ARP packet.

This field displays the number of ARP packets that were consolidated into this log message. The Switch consolidates identical log messages generated by ARP packets in the log consolidation interval into one log message. You can configure this interval in the ARP Inspection Configure screen. See Section 23.7 on page 201.

This field displays the reason the log message was generated.

dhcp deny: An ARP packet was discarded because it violated a dynamic binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID.

static deny: An ARP packet was discarded because it violated a static binding with the same MAC address and VLAN ID.

deny: An ARP packet was discarded because there were no bindings with the same MAC address and VLAN ID.

dhcp pert An ARP packet was forwarded because it matched a dynamic binding.

static permit: An ARP packet was forwarded because it matched a static binding.

In the ARP Inspection VLAN Configure screen, you can configure the Switch to generate log messages when ARP packets are discarded or forwarded based on the VLAN ID of the ARP packet. See Section 23.7.2 on page 203.

This field displays when the log message was generated.

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23.7 ARP Inspection Configure

Use this screen to enable ARP inspection on the Switch. You can also configure the length of time the Switch stores records of discarded ARP packets and global settings for the ARP inspection log. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > Configure.

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 74 ARP Inspection Configure

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this to enable ARP inspection on the Switch. You still have to enable ARP inspection on specific VLAN and specify trusted ports.

Filter aging time This setting has no effect on existing MAC address filters.

Enter how long (1-2147483647 seconds) the MAC address filter remains in the Switch after the Switch identifies an unauthorized ARP packet. The Switch automatically deletes the MAC address filter afterwards. Enter O if you want the MAC address filter to be permanent.

Log buffer size Enter the maximum number (1-1024) of log messages that were generated by ARP packets and have not been sent to the syslog server yet. Make sure this number is appropriate for the specified Syslog rate and Log interval.

If the number of log messages in the Switch exceeds this number, the Switch stops recording log messages and simply starts counting the number of entries that were dropped due to unavailable buffer. Click Clearing log status table in the ARP Inspection Log Status screen to clear the log and reset this counter. See Section 23.6.2 on page 199.

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Table 74 ARP Inspection Configure (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Syslog rate

Enter the maximum number of syslog messages the Switch can send to

the syslog server in one batch. This number is expressed as a rate

because the batch frequency is determined by the Log Interval. You must

configure the syslog server (Chapter 31 on page 257) to use this. Enter O if

you do not want the Switch to send log messages generated by ARP

packets to the syslog server.

The relationship between Syslog rate and Log interval is illustrated in the

+ _4invalid ARP packets per second, Syslog rate is 5, Log interval is 1: the Switch sends 4 syslog messages every second.

+ _6invalid ARP packets per second, Syslog rate is 5, Log interval is 2: the Switch sends 5 syslog messages every 2 seconds.

Enter how often (1-86400 seconds) the Switch sends a batch of syslog messages to the syslog server. Enter 0 if you want the Switch to send

syslog messages immediately. See Syslog rate for an example of the relationship between Syslog rate and Log interval.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click this to reset the values in this screen to their last-saved values.

23.7.1 ARP Inspection Port Configure

Use this screen to specify whether ports are trusted or untrusted ports for ARP inspection. You can also specify the maximum rate at which the Switch receives ARP packets on each untrusted port. To open this screen, click Advanced Application > IP Source Guard > ARP Inspection > Configure > Port.

EPA 'AFF Inspection Port Configure Confiqure Port Trusted State EE Rate (pps) Burst interval (seconds) 4 [Untusted +] [ [ 1 [Untusted x] IE [r 2 [Untrusted | IE [r 3 [Untrusted | fs fr 4 [Untusted | E fr 5 [Untusted x] IE [r 6 [Untusted x] IE fr 7 [Untusted +] 5 fl 8 [Untusted_ x] IE [r SSH a — rrepres do De A on A 1 An | Apply | Cancel

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The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 75 ARP Inspection Port Configure

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port This field displays the port number. If you configure the * port, the settings are applied to all of the ports.

Trusted State Select whether this port is a trusted port (Trusted) or an untrusted port (Untrusted).

The Switch does not discard ARP packets on trusted ports for any reason.

The Switch discards ARP packets on untrusted ports in the following

+ The sender's information in the ARP packet does not match any of the current bindings.

*__ The rate at which ARP packets arrive is too high. You can specify the maximum rate at which ARP packets can arrive on untrusted ports.

Limit These settings have no effect on trusted ports.

Rate (pps) Specify the maximum rate (1-2048 packets per second) at which the Switch receives ARP packets from each port. The Switch discards any additional ARP packets. Enter 0 to disable this limit.

Burst interval The burst interval is the length of time over which the rate of ARP packets (seconds) is monitored for each port. For example, if the Rate is 15 pps and the burst interval is 1 second, then the Switch accepts a maximum of 15 ARP packets in every one-second interval. If the burst interval is 5 seconds, then the Switch accepts a maximum of 75 ARP packets in every five- second interval.

Enter the length (1-15 seconds) of the burst interval.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click this to reset the values in this screen to their last-saved values.

23.7.2 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure

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The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 76 ARP Inspection VLAN Configure

LABEL DESCRIPTION VLAN Use this section to specify the VLANSs you want to manage in the section below.

Start VID Enter the lowest VLAN ID you want to manage in the section below.

End VID Enter the highest VLAN ID you want to manage in the section below.

None: The Switch does not generate any log messages when it receives an ARP packet from the VLAN.

Deny: The Switch generates log messages when it discards an ARP packet from the VLAN.

Permit: The Switch generates log messages when it forwards an ARP packet from the VLAN.

AI: The Switch generates log messages every time it receives an ARP packet from the VLAN.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non- volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click this to reset the values in this screen to their last-saved values.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter shows you how to configure the Switch to guard against loops on the edge of your network.

24.1 Loop Guard Overview

Loop guard allows you to configure the Switch to shut down a port if it detects that packets sent out on that port loop back to the Switch. While you can use Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to prevent loops in the core of your network. STP cannot prevent loops that occur on the edge of your network.

Figure 116 Loop Guard vs STP Loop guard is designed to handle loop problems on the edge of your network. This can occur when a port is connected to a Switch that is in a loop state. Loop state occurs as a result of human error. It happens when two ports on a switch are connected with the same cable. When a switch in loop state sends out broadcast messages the messages loop back to the switch and are re-broadcast again and again causing a broadcast storm.

If a switch (not in loop state) connects to a switch in loop state, then it will be affected by the switch in loop state in the following way: + It will receive broadcast messages sent out from the switch in loop state.

+ It will receive its own broadcast messages that it sends out as they loop back. It will then re-broadcast those messages again.

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The following figure shows port N on switch A connected to switch B. Switch B is in loop state. When broadcast or multicast packets leave port N and reach switch B, they are sent back to port N on A as they are rebroadcast from B.

Figure 117 Switch in Loop State

The loop guard feature checks to see if a loop guard enabled port is connected to a switch in loop state. This is accomplished by periodically sending a probe packet and seeing if the packet returns on the same port. If this is the case, the Switch will shut down the port connected to the switch in loop state.

The following figure shows a loop guard enabled port N on switch A sending a probe packet P to switch B. Since switch B is in loop state, the probe packet P returns to port N on A. The Switch then shuts down port N to ensure that the rest of the network is not affected by the switch in loop state.

Figure 118 Loop Guard - Probe Packet

The Switch also shuts down port N if the probe packet returns to switch A on any other port. In other words loop guard also protects against standard network loops. The following figure illustrates three switches forming a loop. A sample path of the loop guard probe packet is also shown. In this example, the probe packet is sent from port N and returns on another port. As long as loop guard is enabled on port N. The Switch will shut down port N if it detects that the probe packet has returned to the Switch.

Figure 119 Loop Guard - Network Loop

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Chapter 24 Loop Guard

Æ After resolving the loop problem on your network you can re-activate the disabled port via the web configurator (see Section 7.7 on page 79) or via commandés (See the CLI Reference Guide).

24.2 Loop Guard Setup

Click Advanced Application > Loop Guard in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

EE The loop guard feature can not be enabled on the ports that have Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, MRSTP or MSTP) enabled.

Figure 120 Advanced Application > Loop Guard axe

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 77 Advanced Application > Loop Guard

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this option to enable loop guard on the Switch.

The Switch generates syslog, internal log messages as well as SNMP traps when it shuts down a port via the loop guard feature.

Port This field displays the port number.

Use this row to make the setting the same for all ports. Use this row first and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

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Table 77 Advanced Application > Loop Guard (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active

Select this check box to enable the loop guard feature on this port. The Switch sends probe packets from this port to check if the switch it is connected to is in loop state. If the switch that this port is connected is in loop state the Switch will shut down this port.

Clear this check box to disable the loop guard feature.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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Two Rate Three Color Marker

This chapter describes how Differentiated Services (DiffServ) fits into a quality of service strategy and shows you how to configure Two Rate Three Color Marker traffic policing on the Switch.

25.1 DiffServ Overview

Quality of Service (QoS) is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet types.

DiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per- hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPSs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.

25.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior

DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (ToS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels and the remaining 2 bits are defined as currently unused (CU). The following figure illustrates the DS field.

Figure 121 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field

DSCP (6 bits) CU (2 bits)

DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non- DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.

The DSCP value determines the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets as it is forwarded across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule different kinds of traffic can be marked for different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.

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25.1.2 DiffServ Network Example

The following figure depicts a DiffServ network consisting of a group of directly connected DiffServ-compliant network devices. The boundary node (A in Figure 122) in a DiffServ network classifies (marks with a DSCP value) the incoming packets into different traffic flows (Platinum, Gold, Silver, Bronze) based on the configured marking rules. A network administrator can then apply various traffic policies to the traffic flows. An example traffic policy, is to give higher drop precedence to one traffic flow over others. In our example, packets in the Bronze traffic flow are more likely to be dropped when congestion occurs than the packets in the Platinum traffic flow as they move across the DiffServ network.

Figure 122 DiffServ Network

P - Platinum G - Gold

S - Silver B - Bronze

25.2 Two Rate Three Color Marker Traffic Policing

Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on the basis of user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user- defined criteria and identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.

Two Rate Three Color Marker tr TCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are admitted to the network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based on the guaranteed and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider and client.

Two Rate Three Color Marker evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to as yellow and low is referred to as green. After tr TCM is configured, the DiffServ compliant devices on your network can perform the following actions on the colored packets:

+ Red (high loss priority level) packets are dropped.

+ _ Yellow (medium loss priority level) packets are dropped if there is congestion on the network.

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Chapter 25 Two Rate Three Color Marker

+ Green (low loss priority level) packets are forwarded.

tTCM operates in one of two modes: color-blind or color-aware. In color-blind mode, packets are marked based on evaluating against the PIR and CIR regardless of if they have previously been marked or not. In the color-aware mode, packets are marked based on both existing color and evaluation against the PIR and CIR. If the packets do not match any of colors, then the packets proceed unchanged.

25.2.1 trTCM - Color-blind Mode

All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it is evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the CIR then it is marked green.

Figure 123 trTCM - Color-blind Mode

25.2.2 trTCM - Color-aware Mode

In color-aware mode the evaluation of the packets uses the existing packet loss priority. trTCM can increase a packet loss priority of a packet but it cannot decrease it. Packets that have been previously marked red or yellow can only be marked with an equal or higher packet loss priority.

Packets marked red (high packet loss priority) continue to be red without evaluation against the PIR or CIR. Packets marked yellow can only be marked red or remain yellow so they are only evaluated against the PIR. Only the packets marked green are first evaluated against the PIR and then if they don’t exceed the PIR level are they evaluated against the CIR.

Figure 124 trTCM - Color-aware Mode

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Chapter 25 Two Rate Three Color Marker

25.2.3 Configuring Two Rate Three Color Marker Settings

Use this screen to configure tr TCM settings. Click the Advanced Application > trTCM to display the screen as shown next.

You cannot enable both trTCM and Bandwidth Control at the same time.

Figure 125 Advanced Application > trTCM L ep 2-Rate 5 Color Marker

mn io Port Active Commit Rate Peak Rate CS

green velo red ET rs | ts | 1. 0 fr kbps 1 ps (1 ( 2,7 f kops | ps [0 F ( 3, nf kops | ps [0 F (] son kops | ks [0 6 (] 5.0 f kbps [1 tps D F 6 6.0 kbps 1 ts D EF FE 7 0 fr kbps 1 ts D EF FE 8. 0 f kbps 1 ts 0 F 6 9 cf kbps [1 kbps (0 b E 50 D f kos [1 kos [0 FE FE 11 cf kbps | kbps (0 E E 2m vf kps 1 kps [0 e ( Cancel

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 78 Advanced Application > trTCM LABEL | DESCRIPTION Active Select this to activate trTCM (Two Rate Three Color Marker) on the Switch. The Switch evaluates and marks the packets based on the trTCM settings.

Mode Select color-blind to have the Switch treat all incoming packets as uncolored. All incoming packets are evaluated against the CIR and PIR. Select color-aware to treat the packets as marked by some preceding entity. Incoming packets are evaluated based on their existing color. Incoming packets that are not marked proceed through the Switch.

Port This field displays the index number of a port on the Switch.

Settings in this row apply to all ports.

Use this row only if you want to make some settings the same for all ports. Use this row first to set the common settings and then make adjustments on a port-by-port basis.

Note: Changes in this row are copied to all the ports as soon as you make them.

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Chapter 25 Two Rate Three Color Marker

Advanced Application > trTCM (continued)

Select this to activate trTCM on the port.

DSCP Use this section to specify the DSCP values that you want to assign to packets based on the color they are marked via trTCM.

Specify the DSCP value to use for packets with low packet loss priority.

Specify the DSCP value to use for packets with medium packet loss priority.

Specify the DSCP value to use for packets with high packet loss priority.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes ifit is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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Chapter 25 Two Rate Three Color Marker

This chapter shows you how to configure static routes.

26.1 Static Routing Overview

The Switch uses IP for communication with management computers, for example using HTTP, telnet, SSH, or SNMP. Use IP static routes to have the Switch respond to remote management stations that are not reachable through the default gateway. The Switch can also use static routes to send data to a server or device that is not reachable through the default gateway, for example when sending SNMP traps or using ping to test IP connectivity.

This figure shows a Telnet session coming in from network N1. The Switch sends reply traffic to default gateway R1 which routes it back to the manager’s computer. The Switch needs a static route to tell it to use router R2 to send traffic to an SNMP trap server on network N2.

Figure 126 Static Routing Overview

Click IP Application > Static Routing in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.

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Chapter 26 Static Route

Figure 127 IP Application > Static Routing

Index Active Name 1 Yes Example

« Active OC Nas pu DestaonIP Adaress Fous — IP Surnet Mask Fos Gateway P Address Fun Mec F—

Be) Eu ES Destination Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address Metric_Delete

1722141 255.255.0.0 19216812 2 D Delete | Cancel

The following table describes the related labels you use to create a static route. Table 79 IP Application > Static Routing

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.

Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 10 printable ASCII characters) for identification purposes.

Destination IP | This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.

IP Subnet Enter the subnet mask for this destination. Routing is always based on network

Mask number. If you need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host ID.

Gateway IP Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your

Address Switch that will forward the packet to the destination. The gateway must be a router on the same segment as your Switch.

Metric The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.

Add Click Add to insert a new static route to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to reset the above fields to your previous configuration.

Clear Click Clear to set the above fields back to the factory defaults.

Index This field displays the index number of the route. Click a number to edit the static route entry.

Active This field displays Yes when the static route is activated and NO when it is deactivated.

Name This field displays the descriptive name for this route. This is for identification purposes only.

Destination This field displays the IP network address of the final destination.

Subnet Mask | This field displays the subnet mask for this destination.

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Chapter 26 Static Route

IP Application > Static Routing (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Gateway Address

This field displays the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your Switch that will forward the packet to the destination.

This field displays the cost of transmission for routing purposes.

Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.

Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

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DHCP This chapter shows you how to configure the DHCP feature.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Switch as a DHCP server or a DHCP relay agent. When configured as a server, the Switch provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you configure the Switch as a relay agent, then the Switch forwards DHCP requests to DHCP server on your network. If you don’t configure the Switch as a DHCP server or relay agent then you must have a DHCP server in the broadcast domain of the client computers or else the client computers must be configured manually.

If there is already a DHCP server on your network, then you can configure the Switch as a DHCP relay agent. When the Switch receives a request from a computer on your network, it contacts the DHCP server for the necessary IP information, and then relays the assigned information back to the computer.

27.1.2 DHCP Configuration Options

The DHCP configuration on the Switch is divided into Global and VLAN screens. The screen you should use for configuration depends on the DHCP services you want to offer the DHCP clients on your network. Choose the configuration screen based on the following criteria:

+_ Global - The Switch forwards all DHCP requests to the same DHCP server.

+ VLAN - The Switch is configured on a VLAN by VLAN basis. The Switch can be configured to relay DHCP requests to different DHCP servers for clients in different VLAN.

Click IP Application > DHCP in the navigation panel. The DHCP Status screen displays.

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 80 IP Application > DHCP LABEL DESCRIPTION Relay Mode This field displays: + _ None -ifthe Switch is not configured as a DHCP relay agent. + Global - ifthe Switch is configured as a DHCP relay agent only.

+ VLAN - followed by a VLAN ID ifit is configured as a relay agent for specific VLAN(S).

Configure DHCP relay on the Switch if the DHCP clients and the DHCP server are not in the same broadcast domain. During the initial IP address leasing, the Switch helps to relay network information (such as the IP address and subnet mask) between a DHCP client and a DHCP server. Once the DHCP client obtains an IP address and can connect to the network, network information renewal is done between the DHCP client and the DHCP server without the help of the Switch.

The Switch can be configured as a global DHCP relay. This means that the Switch forwards all DHCP requests from all domains to the same DHCP server. You can also configure the Switch to relay DHCP information based on the VLAN membership of the DHCP clients.

27.3.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information

The Switch can add information about the source of client DHCP requests that it relays to a DHCP server by adding Relay Agent Information. This helps provide authentication about the source of the requests. The DHCP server can then provide an IP address based on this information. Please refer to RFC 3046 for more details.

The DHCP Relay Agent Information feature adds an Agent Information field to the Option 82 field. The Option 82 field is in the DHCP headers of client DHCP request frames that the Switch relays to a DHCP server.

Relay Agent Information can include the System Name of the Switch if you select this option. You can change the System Name in Basic Settings > General Setup.

The following describes the DHCP relay information that the Switch sends to the DHCP server:

Table 81 Relay Agent Information

FIELD LABELS DESCRIPTION Slot ID (1 byte) This value is always 0 for stand-alone switches. Port ID (1 byte) This is the port that the DHCP client is connected to.

Chapter 27 DHCP Table 81 Relay Agent Information

Information (up to 64 bytes) This optional, read-only field is set according to system name set in Basic Settings > General Setup.

27.3.2 Configuring DHCP Global Relay

Configure global DHCP relay in the DHCP Relay screen. Click IP Application > DHCP in the navigation panel and click the Global link to display the screen as shown.

Remote Enter the IP address of a DHCP server in dotted decimal notation.

Relay Agent | Select the Option 82 check box to have the Switch add information (slot number, port

Information number and VLAN ID) to client DHCP requests that it relays to a DHCP server.

Information This read-only field displays the system name you configure in the General Setup screen.

Select the check box for the Switch to add the system name to the client DHCP requests that it relays to a DHCP server.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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27.3.3 Global DHCP Relay Configuration Example

The follow figure shows a network example where the Switch is used to relay DHCP requests for the VLANI and VLAN?2 domains. There is only one DHCP server that services the DHCP

clients in both domains.

Figure 130 Global DHCP Relay Network Example

DHCP Server 192.168.1.100

Configure the DHCP Relay screen as shown. Make sure you select the Option 82 check box to set the Switch to send additional information (such as the VLAN ID) together with the

DHCP requests to the DHCP server. This allows the DHCP server to assign the appropriate IP address according to the VLAN ID.

Figure 131 DHCP Relay Configuration Example

Use this screen to configure your DHCP settings based on the VLAN domain of the DHCP clients. Click IP Application > DHCP in the navigation panel, then click the VLAN link In the DHCP Status screen that displays.

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Æ You must set up a management IP address for each VLAN that you want to configure DHCP settings for on the Switch.

See Section 7.6 on page 77 for information on how to set up management IP addresses for VLANSs.

Figure 132 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN L en VLAN Setting __] Status

VID Type DHCP Status Delete

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 83 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN LABEL DESCRIPTION VID Enter the ID number of the VLAN to which these DHCP settings apply.

Remote DHCP | Enter the IP address of a DHCP server in dotted decimal notation.

Relay Agent Select the Option 82 check box to have the Switch add information (slot number,

Information port number and VLAN ID) to client DHCP requests that it relays to a DHCP server.

Information This read-only field displays the system name you configure in the General Setup screen.

Select the check box for the Switch to add the system name to the client DHCP requests that it relays to a DHCP server.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Clear Click this to clear the fields above.

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Chapter 27 DHCP Table 83 IP Application > DHCP > VLAN (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group to which this DHCP settings apply.

This field displays the DHCP mode (Relay).

For DHCP relay configuration, this field displays the first remote DHCP server IP address.

Select the configuration entries you want to remove and click Delete to remove them.

Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.

27.4. Example: DHCP Relay for Two VLANS The following example displays two VLANSs (VIDs 1 and 2) for a campus network. Two DHCP servers are installed to serve each VLAN. The system is set up to forward DHCP requests from the dormitory rooms (VLAN 1) to the DHCP server with an IP address of 192.168.1.100. Requests from the academic buildings (VLAN 2) are sent to the other DHCP server with an IP address of 172.23.10.100.

Figure 133 DHCP Relay for Two VLANS DHCP:172.23.10.100

For the example network, configure the VLAN Setting screen as shown.

This chapter explains how to configure the screens that let you maintain the firmware and configuration files.

28.1 The Maintenance Screen

Use this screen to manage firmware and your configuration files. Click Management > Maintenance in the navigation panel to open the following screen.

Figure 135 Management > Maintenance L_ D Maintenance ___]

Current: Configuration 1

Load Factory Defauit CiickHere_| Contig1 | Config2 Reboot System Configt | Config2

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 84 Management > Maintenance

LABEL DESCRIPTION Current This field displays which configuration (Configuration 1 or Configuration 2) is currently operating on the Switch.

Firmware Click Click Here to go to the Firmware Upgrade screen.

Restore Click Click Here to go to the Restore Configuration screen.

Backup Click Click Here to go to the Backup Configuration screen.

Load Factory | Click Click Here to reset the configuration to the factory default settings. Default

Chapter 28 Maintenance

Table 84 Management > Maintenance (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Save Click Config 1 to save the current configuration settings to Configuration 1 on the Configuration | Switch. Click Config 2 to save the current configuration settings to Configuration 2 on the

Switch. Reboot Click Config 1 to reboot the system and load Configuration 1 on the Switch. System Click Config 2 to reboot the system and load Configuration 2 on the Switch.

Note: Make sure to click the Save button in any screen to save your settings to the current configuration on the Switch.

28.2 Load Factory Default

Follow the steps below to reset the Switch back to the factory defaults.

1 Inthe Maintenance screen, click the Click Here button next to Load Factory Default to clear all Switch configuration information you configured and return to the factory defaults.

2 Click OK to reset all Switch configurations to the factory defaults.

Figure 136 Load Factory Default: Start

3 In the web configurator, click the Save button in the top of the screen to make the changes take effect. If you want to access the Switch web configurator again, you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default Switch IP address (192.168.1.1).

28.3 Save Configuration

Click Config 1 to save the current configuration settings permanently to Configuration 1 on the Switch.

Click Config 2 to save the current configuration settings to Configuration 2 on the Switch.

Alternatively, click Save on the top right-hand corner in any screen to save the configuration changes to the current configuration.

Clicking the Apply or Add button does NOT save the changes permanently. All unsaved changes are erased after you reboot the Switch.

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Reboot System allows you to restart the Switch without physically turning the power off. It also allows you to load configuration one (Config 1) or configuration two (Config 2) when you reboot. Follow the steps below to reboot the Switch.

1 Inthe Maintenance screen, click the Config 1 button next to Reboot System to reboot and load configuration one. The following screen displays.

Figure 137 Reboot System: Confirmation

[Microsoft Internet Explorer _x||

Are you sure you want to reboot system?

2 Click OK again and then wait for the Switch to restart. This takes up to two minutes. This does not affect the Switch’s configuration.

Click Config 2 and follow steps 1 to 2 to reboot and load configuration two on the Switch.

28.5 Firmware Upgrade

Make sure you have downloaded (and unzipped) the correct model firmware and version to your computer before uploading to the device.

© Be sure to upload the correct model firmware as uploading the wrong model firmware may damage your device.

Click Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade to view the screen as shown next.

Figure 138 Management > Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade L D Firmware Upgrade __} Maintenance

To upgrade the intemal switch firmware, browse the location ofthe binary (BIN) île and click Upgrade but

File Path Browse... FT Rebooting Upgrade

Type the path and file name of the firmware file you wish to upload to the Switch in the File Path text box or click Browse to locate it. Select the Rebooting checkbox if you want to reboot the Switch and apply the new firmware immediately. (Firmware upgrades are only applied after a reboot). Click Upgrade to load the new firmware.

After the firmware upgrade process is complete, see the System Info screen to verify your current firmware version number.

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Restore a previously saved configuration from your computer to the Switch using the Restore Configuration screen.

Figure 139 Management > Maintenance > Restore Configuration

To restore the device's configuration form a file, browse to the location ofthe configuration file and click Restore button.

Type the path and file name of the configuration file you wish to restore in the File Path text box or click Browse to locate it. After you have specified the file, click Restore. "config" is the name of the configuration file on the Switch, so your backup configuration file is automatically renamed when you restore using this screen.

28.7 Backup a Configuration File Backing up your Switch configurations allows you to create various “snap shots” of your device from which you may restore at a later date. Back up your current Switch configuration to a computer using the Backup Configuration

Figure 140 Management > Maintenance > Backup Configuration L @ Backup Configuration __] Maintenance

This page allows you to back up the device’s current configuration to your workstation. Now clickthe Backup button.

Follow the steps below to back up the current Switch configuration to your computer in this screen.

1 Click Backup. 2 Click Save to display the Save As screen.

3 Choose a location to save the file on your computer from the Save in drop-down list box and type a descriptive name for it in the File name list box. Click Save to save the configuration file to your computer.

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This section shows some examples of uploading to or downloading files from the Switch using FTP commands. First, understand the filename conventions.

28.8.1 Filename Conventions

The configuration file (also known as the romfile or ROM) contains the factory default settings in the screens such as password, Switch setup, IP Setup, and so on. Once you have customized the Switch’s settings, they can be saved back to your computer under a filename of your choosing.

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System sometimes referred to as the “ras” file) is the system firmware and has a “bin” filename extension.

Table 85 Filename Conventions

INTERNAL | EXTERNAL FILE TYPE NAME NAME DESCRIPTION Configuration File | config *.cfg This is the configuration filename on the Switch. Uploading the config file replaces the specified configuration file system, including your Switch configurations, system-related data (including the default password), the error log and the trace log.

Firmware ras *.bin This is the generic name for the ZyNOS firmware on the Switch.

28.8.1.1 Example FTP Commands ftp> put firmware.bin ras This is a sample FTP session showing the transfer of the computer file "firmware.bin" to the Switch. ftp> get config config.cfg This is a sample FTP session saving the current configuration to a file called “config.cfg” on your computer.

If your (T)FTP client does not allow you to have a destination filename different than the source, you will need to rename them as the Switch only recognizes “config” and “ras”. Be sure you keep unaltered copies of both files for later use.

© Be sure to upload the correct model firmware as uploading the wrong model firmware may damage your device.

28.8.2 FTP Command Line Procedure

1 Launch the FTP client on your computer.

2 Enter open, followed by a space and the IP address of your Switch. 3 Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username.

4 Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”).

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5 Enter bin to set transfer mode to binary.

6 Use put to transfer files from the computer to the Switch, for example, put firmware.bin ras transfers the firmware on your computer (firmware.bin) to the Switch and renames it to “ras”. Similarly, put config.cfg config transfers the configuration file on your computer (config.cfg) to the Switch and renames it to “config”. Likewise get config config.cfg transfers the configuration file on the Switch to your computer and renames it to “config.cfg”. See Table 85 on page 235 for more information on filename conventions.

7 Enter quit to exit the ftp prompt.

28.8.3 GUl-based FTP Clients

The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUI-based FTP clients.

General Commands for GUl-based FTP Clients

COMMAND DESCRIPTION Host Address Enter the address of the host server. Login Type Anonymous.

This is when a user I.D. and password is automatically supplied to the server for anonymous access. Anonymous logins will work only if your ISP or service administrator has enabled this option.

The server requires a unique User ID and Password to login.

Transfer Type Transfer files in either ASCII (plain text format) or in binary mode. Configuration and firmware files should be transferred in binary mode.

Initial Remote Specify the default remote directory (path).

FTP will not work when:

+ FTP service is disabled in the Service Access Control screen.

+ The IP address(es) in the Remote Management screen does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the Switch will disconnect the FTP session immediately.

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This chapter describes how to control access to the Switch.

29.1 Access Control Overview

A console port and FTP are allowed one session each, Telnet and SSH share nine sessions, up to five Web sessions (five different user names and passwords) and/or limitless SNMP access control sessions are allowed.

Share up to nine sessions

À console port access control session and Telnet access control session cannot coexist when multi-login is disabled. See Section 36.12.2 on page 286 for more information on disabling

29.2 The Access Control Main Screen

Click Management > Access Control in the navigation panel to display the main screen as

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol used to manage and monitor TCP/IP-based devices. SNMP is used to exchange management information between the network management system (NMS) and a network element (NE). A manager station can manage and monitor the Switch through the network via SNMP version one (SNMPv1), SNMP version 2c or SNMP version 3. The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation. SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.

Figure 142 SNMP Management Model

Manager Agent Agent Agent Managed Device Managed Device Managed Device

An SNMP managed network consists of two main components: agents and a manager.

An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed switch (the Switch). An agent translates the local management information from the managed switch into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.

The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a switch. Examples of variables include number of packets received, node port status and so on. À Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects.

SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations: Table 87 SNMP Commands

COMMAND | DESCRIPTION Get Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.

GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.

Set Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.

Trap Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.

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29.3.1 SNMP v3 and Security

SNMP v3 enhances security for SNMP management. SNMP managers can be required to authenticate with agents before conducting SNMP management sessions.

Security can be further enhanced by encrypting the SNMP messages sent from the managers. Encryption protects the contents of the SNMP messages. When the contents of the SNMP messages are encrypted, only the intended recipients can read them.

29.3.2 Supported MIBs

MIBs let administrators collect statistics and monitor status and performance. The Switch supports the following MIBs:

+ SNMP MIB II (RFC 1213)

+ RFC 1493 Bridge MIBs

The Switch sends traps to an SNMP manager when an event occurs. The following tables outline the SNMP traps by category.

An OID (Object ID) that begins with “1.3.6.1.4.1.890.1.5.8” is defined in private MIBs. Otherwise, it is a standard MIB OID.

Table 88 SNMP System Traps

Table 91 SNMP IP Traps

OPTION OBJECT LABEL OBJECT ID DESCRIPTION ping pingProbeFailed 1.3.6.1.2.1.80.0.1 This trap is sent when a single ping probe fails. pingTestFailed 1.3.6.1.2.1.80.0.2 This trap is sent when a ping test (consisting of a series of ping probes) fails. pingTestCompleted 1.3.6.1.2.1.80.0.3 This trap is sent when a ping test is completed. traceroute traceRoutePathChange 1.3.6.1.2.1.81.0.1 This trap is sent when path to target has

changed from a previously determined path.

traceRouteTestFailed

This trap is sent when a traceroute test fails.

traceRouteTestCompleted

This trap is sent when a traceroute test is completed.

29.3.4 Configuring SNMP Click Management > Access Control > SNMP to view the screen as shown. Use this screen to configure your SNMP settings.

CSM _] Access Control Trap Group

Get Community public Set Community public Trap Community public

Version P Port Username

[vec el [0.0.0.0 f62 [

Index Username SecurityLevel Authentication Privacy

1 admin [noauth >| [M0S5 1] [Des +]

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Use this section to specify the SNMP version and community (password) values.

Select the SNMP version for the Switch. The SNMP version on the Switch must match the version on the SNMP manager. Choose SNMP version 2c (v2c), SNMP version 3 (v3) or both (v3v2c).

Note: SNMP version 2c is backwards compatible with SNMP version 1.

Enter the Get Community string, which is the password for the incoming Get- and GetNext- requests from the management station.

The Get Community string is only used by SNMP managers using SNMP version 2c or lower.

Enter the Set Community, which is the password for incoming Set- requests from the management station.

The Set Community string is only used by SNMP managers using SNMP version 2c or lower.

Enter the Trap Community string, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager.

The Trap Community string is only used by SNMP managers using SNMP version 2c or lower.

Use this section to configure where to send SNMP traps from the Switch.

Specify the version of the SNMP trap messages.

IP Enter the IP addresses of up to four managers to send your SNMP traps to.

Chapter 29 Access Control

LABEL DESCRIPTION Port Enter the port number upon which the manager listens for SNMP traps. Username Enter the username to be sent to the SNMP manager along with the SNMP v3

Note: This username must match an existing account on the Switch (configured in Management > Access Control > Logins screen).

Use this section to configure users for authentication with managers using SNMP va.

Note: Use the username and password of the login accounts you specify in this section to create accounts on the SNMP v3

manager. Index This is a read-only number identifying a login account on the Switch. Username This field displays the username of a login account on the Switch.

Select whether you want to implement authentication and/or encryption for SNMP

communication from this user. Choose:

+ noauth -to use the username as the password string to send to the SNMP manager. This is equivalent to the Get, Set and Trap Community in SNMP v2c. This is the lowest security level.

*__auth - to implement an authentication algorithm for SNMP messages sent by this user.

+ priv- to implement authentication and encryption for SNMP messages sent by this user. This is the highest security level.

Note: The settings on the SNMP manager must be set at the same security level or higher than the security level settings on the Switch.

Select an authentication algorithm. MD5 (Message Digest 5) and SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) are hash algorithms used to authenticate SNMP data. SHA authentication is generally considered stronger than MDS5, but is slower.

Specify the encryption method for SNMP communication from this user. You can

choose one of the following:

+ DES - Data Encryption Standard is a widely used (but breakable) method of data encryption. Ît applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data.

+__AËES - Advanced Encryption Standard is another method for data encryption that also uses a secret key. AES applies a 128-bit key to 128-bit blocks of data.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

29.3.5 Configuring SNMP Trap Group

Click Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group to view the screen as shown. Use the Trap Group screen to specify the types of SNMP traps that should be sent to each

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 94 Management > Access Control > SNMP > Trap Group

LABEL DESCRIPTION Trap Destination

IP Select one of your configured trap destination IP addresses. These are the IP addresses of the SNMP managers. You must first configure a trap destination IP address in the SNMP Setting screen.

Use the rest of the screen to select which traps the Switch sends to that SNMP manager.

Select the categories of SNMP traps that the Switch is to send to the SNMP manager.

Select the individual SNMP traps that the Switch is to send to the SNMP station. See Section 29.3.3 on page 239 for individual trap descriptions.

The traps are grouped by category. Selecting a category automatically selects all of the category's traps. Clear the check boxes for individual traps that you do not want the Switch to send to the SNMP station. Clearing a category's check box automatically clears all of the category's trap check boxes (the Switch only sends traps from selected categories).

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

29.3.6 Setting Up Login Accounts

Up to five people (one administrator and four non-administrators) may access the Switch via web configurator at any one time.

+ An administrator is someone who can both view and configure Switch changes. The username for the Administrator is always admin. The default administrator password is

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Chapter 29 Access Control

Æ It is highly recommended that you change the default administrator password (1234).

+ A non-administrator (username is something other than admin) is someone who can view but not configure Switch settings.

Click Management > Access Control > Logins to view the screen as shown next.

Figure 145 Management > Access Control > Logins æ Access Control Administrator Old Password LE | New Password [| Retype to confirm |

Please record your new password whenever you change it. The system will lock you out if you have forgotten your password.

LABEL DESCRIPTION Administrator

This is the default administrator account with the “admin” user name. You cannot change the default administrator user name. Only the administrator has read/write access.

Old Password Type the existing system password (1234 is the default password when shipped).

New Password Enter your new system password.

Retype to confirm | Retype your new system password for confirmation Edit Logins

You may configure passwords for up to four users. These users have read-only access. You can give users higher privileges via the CLI. For more information on assigning privileges see Chapter 36 on

page 277. User Name Set a user name (up to 32 ASCII characters long). Password Enter your new system password.

Retype to confirm | Retype your new system password for confirmation

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Chapter 29 Access Control

Table 95 Management > Access Control > Logins (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Unlike Telnet or FTP, which transmit data in clear text, SSH (Secure Shell) is a secure communication protocol that combines authentication and data encryption to provide secure encrypted communication between two hosts over an unsecured network.

The following table summarizes how a secure connection is established between two remote hosts.

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Chapter 29 Access Control

Figure 147 How SSH Works

1 Host Identification

The SSH client sends a connection request to the SSH server. The server identifies itself with a host key. The client encrypts a randomly generated session key with the host key and server key and sends the result back to the server. The client automatically saves any new server public keys. In subsequent connections, the server public key is checked against the saved version on the client computer.

2 Encryption Method Once the identification is verified, both the client and server must agree on the type of encryption method to use.

3 Authentication and Data Transmission After the identification is verified and data encryption activated, a secure tunnel is established between the client and the server. The client then sends its authentication information (user name and password) to the server to log in to the server.

29.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch

Your Switch supports SSH version 2 using RSA authentication and three encryption methods (DES, 3DES and Blowfish). The SSH server is implemented on the Switch for remote management and file transfer on port 22. Only one SSH connection is allowed at a time.

29.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH You must install an SSH client program on a client computer (Windows or Linux operating system) that is used to connect to the Switch over SSH.

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Chapter 29 Access Control

29.7 Introduction to HTTPS HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer, or HTTP over SSL) is a web protocol that encrypts and decrypts web pages. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is an application- level protocol that enables secure transactions of data by ensuring confidentiality (an unauthorized party cannot read the transferred data), authentication (one party can identify the other party) and data integrity (you know if data has been changed).

It relies upon certificates, public keys, and private keys.

HTTPS on the Switch is used so that you may securely access the Switch using the web configurator. The SSL protocol specifies that the SSL server (the Switch) must always authenticate itself to the SSL client (the computer which requests the HTTPS connection with the Switch), whereas the SSL client only should authenticate itself when the SSL server requires it to do so. Authenticating client certificates is optional and if selected means the SSL- client must send the Switch a certificate. You must apply for a certificate for the browser from a CA that is a trusted CA on the Switch.

Please refer to the following figure.

1 HTTPS connection requests from an SSL-aware web browser go to port 443 (by default) on the Switch’s WS (web server).

2 HTTP connection requests from a web browser go to port 80 (by default) on the Switch’s WS (web server).

Figure 148 HTTPS Implementation

Æ If you disable HTTP in the Service Access Control screen, then the Switch

blocks all HTTP connection attempts.

If you haven’t changed the default HTTPS port on the Switch, then in your browser enter “https://Switch IP Address/” as the web site address where “Switch IP Address” is the IP address or domain name of the Switch you wish to access.

Chapter 29 Access Control

29.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages

When you attempt to access the Switch HTTPS server, a Windows dialog box pops up asking if you trust the server certificate. Click View Certificate if you want to verify that the certificate is from the Switch.

You see the following Security Alert screen in Internet Explorer. Select Yes to proceed to the web configurator login screen; if you select No, then web configurator access is blocked.

Figure 149 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) Cecuriee ser # Informalion you exchange wh his ste cannot be viewed a

changed by ahers. However, there is a problem th the ses securiy cetlicate.

{AV The secuiy cetfcate was issued by à company you have nat chosen 1 us View te cercle Lo determine Mhether you want ous he certiing author.

@ The secuiy cetfcate date is valid

29.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages

When you attempt to access the Switch HTTPS server, a Website Certified by an Unknown Authority screen pops up asking if you trust the server certificate. Click Examine Certificate if you want to verify that the certificate is from the Switch.

If Accept this certificate temporarily for this session is selected, then click OK to continue in Netscape.

Select Accept this certificate permanently to import the Switch’s certificate into the SSL client.

Figure 150 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) x]

- our browser does nat recognize the Certicate Authorty that issued the sie's certificate.

The ste/s certificate is incomplète due HF NAME. - You are connected to à ste pretendndto| sb}y to obtein your confidential information.

Please notfy the ses webmaster about this problem.

Before accepting this certificate, you shoud examine Wing to to accept this certficate For the purpose o id 008050123452?

€ Accept this certificate permanenthy < Accept this certificate temporariy For this session Do not accept this certificate and do not connect to this Web ste

Chapter 29 Access Control

Figure 151 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape)

your If you suspect the certficate shown does not belong to 1192 1681. pause cancel th comaction and nofy the sta adhministrator.

29.8.3 The Main Screen

After you accept the certificate and enter the login username and password, the Switch main screen appears. The lock displayed in the bottom right of the browser status bar denotes a secure connection.

Service Access Control allows you to decide what services you may use to access the Switch. You may also change the default service port and configure “trusted computer(s)” for each service in the Remote Management screen (discussed later). Click Management > Access Control > Service Access Control to view the screen as shown.

The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 96 Management > Access Control > Service Access Control

LABEL DESCRIPTION Services Services you may use to access the Switch are listed here.

Active Select this option for the corresponding services that you want to allow to access the Switch.

Service Port | For Telnet, SSH, FTP, HTTP or HTTPS services, you may change the default service port by typing the new port number in the Server Port field. If you change the default port number then you will have to let people (who wish to use the service) know the new port number for that service.

Timeout Type how many minutes a management session (via the web configurator) can be left idle before the session times out. After it times out you have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may have security risks.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

29.10 Remote Management

Click Management > Access Control > Remote Management to view the screen as shown

You can specify a group of one or more “trusted computers” from which an administrator may use a service to manage the Switch. Click Access Control to return to the Access Control

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 97 Management > Access Control > Remote Management

LABEL DESCRIPTION Entry This is the client set index number. A “client set” is a group of one or more “trusted computers” from which an administrator may use a service to manage the Switch.

Active Select this check box to activate this secured client set. Clear the check box if you wish to temporarily disable the set without deleting it.

Start Address | Configure the IP address range of trusted computers from which you can manage this

End Address | Switch. The Switch checks if the client IP address of a computer requesting a service or protocol matches the range set here. The Switch immediately disconnects the session if it does not match.

Telnet/FTP/ Select services that may be used for managing the Switch from the specified trusted

HTTP/ICMP/ | computers.

HTTPS Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter explains the Diagnostic screen.

Click Management > Diagnostic in the navigation panel to open this screen. Use this screen

to check system logs, ping IP addresses or perform port tests.

Figure 155 Management > Diagnostic

Resolving 192.168.1.23 ... 192.168.1.23 Reply from 192.168.1.23

Reply from 192.168.1.23

Reply from 192.168.1.23

Ping Host Successful

[| System Log Display | Clear IP Ping IP Address Ping Ethemet Port Test Port[ Pon Test The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 98 Management > Diagnostic LABEL DESCRIPTION System Log Click Display to display a log of events in the multi-line text box. Click Clear to empty the text box and reset the syslog entry. IP Ping Type the IP address of a device that you want to ping in order to test a connection.

Click Ping to have the Switch ping the IP address (in the field to the left).

Ethernet Port Test | Enter a port number and click Port Test to perform an internal loopback test.

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Chapter 30 Diagnostic

256 MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter explains the syslog screens.

31.1 Syslog Overview

The syslog protocol allows devices to send event notification messages across an IP network to syslog servers that collect the event messages. A syslog-enabled device can generate a syslog message and send it to a syslog server.

Syslog is defined in RFC 3164. The RFC defines the packet format, content and system log related information of syslog messages. Each syslog message has a facility and severity level. The syslog facility identifies a file in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for details. The following table describes the syslog severity levels. Table 99 Syslog Severity Levels

0 Emergency: The system is unusable.

Alert: Action must be taken immediately.

Critical: The system condition is critical.

Error: There is an error condition on the system.

Warning: There is a warning condition on the system.

Notice: There is a normal but significant condition on the system.

Informational: The syslog contains an informational message.

Debug: The message is intended for debug-level purposes.

Click Management > Syslog in the navigation panel to display this screen. The syslog feature sends logs to an external syslog server. Use this screen to configure the device’s system logging settings.

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 100 Management > Syslog

LABEL DESCRIPTION Syslog

Select Active to turn on syslog (system logging) and then configure the syslog setting

This column displays the names of the categories of logs that the device can generate.

Select this option to set the device to generate logs for the corresponding category.

The log facility allows you to send logs to different files in the syslog server. Refer to the documentation of your syslog program for more details.

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

31.3 Syslog Server Setup

Click Management > Syslog > Syslog Server Setup to view the screen as shown next. Use this screen to configure a list of external syslog servers.

Syslog Setup Active (el Server Address [0.0.0.0 Log Level Level0 » Add! Cancel | Clear Index Active 1P Address Log Level Delete Delete | Cancel

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 101 Management > Syslog > Syslog Server Setup

LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to have the device send logs to this syslog server. Clear the check box if you want to create a syslog server entry but not have the device send logs to it (you can edit the entry later).

Server Address Enter the IP address of the syslog server.

Log Level Select the severity level(s) of the logs that you want the device to send to this syslog server. The lower the number, the more critical the logs are.

Add Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Clear Click Clear to return the fields to the factory defaults.

Index This is the index number of a syslog server entry. Click this number to edit the entry.

Active This field displays Yes if the device is to send logs to the syslog server. No displays if the device is not to send logs to the syslog server.

IP Address This field displays the IP address of the syslog server.

Log Level This field displays the severity level of the logs that the device is to send to this syslog server.

Delete Select an entry's Delete check box and click Delete to remove the entry.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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Cluster Management allows you to manage switches through one Switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.

Table 102 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications

Maximum number of cluster members

Cluster Member Models

Must be compatible with ZyXEL cluster management implementation.

The switch through which you manage the cluster member switches.

The switches being managed by the cluster manager switch.

In the following example, switch A in the basement is the cluster manager and the other switches on the upper floors of the building are cluster members.

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Click Management > Cluster Management in the navigation panel to display the following

Æ A cluster can only have one manager.

Figure 159 Management > Cluster Management: Status

Status Manager Manager 00:13:49:00:00-02

The Number Of Member = 1 Index MacAddr Name 1 00:a0:c5:01:23:46

Chapter 32 Cluster Management

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 103 Management > Cluster Management: Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION Status This field displays the role of this Switch within the cluster. Manager

Member (you see this if you access this screen in the cluster member switch directly and not via the cluster manager)

None (neither a manager nor a member of a cluster)

Manager This field displays the cluster manager switch's hardware MAC address.

The Number of | This field displays the number of switches that make up this cluster. The following Member fields describe the cluster member switches.

Index You can manage cluster member switches via the cluster manager switch. Each

number in the Index column is a hyperlink leading to the cluster member switch's web configurator (see Figure 160 on page 263).

MacAddr This is the cluster member switch's hardware MAC address. Name This is the cluster member switch's System Name.

Model This field displays the model name.

Status This field displays:

Online (the cluster member switch is accessible)

Error (for example the cluster member switch password was changed or the switch was set as the manager and so left the member list, etc.)

Offline (the switch is disconnected - Offline shows approximately 1.5 minutes after the link between cluster member and manager goes down)

32.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management

Go to the Clustering Management Status screen of the cluster manager switch and then select an Index hyperlink from the list of members to go to that cluster member switch's web configurator home page. This cluster member web configurator home page and the home page that you'd see if you accessed it directly are different.

Figure 160 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen

Status E Logout H Help

ETE 5 Member Menu Advanced Application Routing Protocol Routing Protocol Management

Chapter 32 Cluster Management

32.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch

You can use FTP to upload firmware to a cluster member switch through the cluster manager switch as shown in the following example.

Figure 161 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch

C:\>ftp 192.168.1.1 Connected to 192.168.1.1.

User (192.168.0.1:(none)): admin 331 Enter PASS command

200 Port command okay

200 Port command okay 226 File received OK

220 Switch FTP version 1.0 ready at Thu Jan 1 00:58:46 1970

150 Opening data connection for LIST

ftp: 297 bytes received in 0.00Seconds 297000.00Kbytes/sec.

ftp> put 3701t0.bin fw-00-a0-c5-01-23-46 150 Opening data connection for STOR fw-00-a0-c5-01-23-46

ftp: 262144 bytes sent in 0.63Seconds 415.44Kbytes/sec

3042210 Jul 01 12:00 ras 393216 Jul 01 12:00 config 0 Jul 01 12:00 fw-00-a0-c5-01-23-46 0 Jul 01 12:00 config-00-a0-c5-01-23-46

The following table explains some of the FTP parameters. Table 104 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example

FTP PARAMETER DESCRIPTION User Enter “admin”.

Password The web configurator password default is 1234.

1s Enter this command to list the name of cluster member switch's fimware and configuration file.

3601t0.bin This is the name of the firmware file you want to upload to the

cluster member switch.

fw-00-a0-c5-01-23-46

This is the cluster member switch's firmware name as seen in the cluster manager switch.

config-00-a0-c5-01-23-46

This is the cluster member switch's configuration file name as seen in the cluster manager switch.

32.3 Clustering Management Configuration

Use this screen to configure clustering management. Click Management > Cluster Management > Configuration to display the next screen.

Add] Cancel | _Retresh

MacAddr Name Model Remove

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 105 Management > Cluster Management > Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION Clustering Manager

Select Active to have this Switch become the cluster manager switch. A cluster can only have one manager. Other (directly connected) switches that are set to be cluster managers will not be visible in the Clustering Candidates list. If a switch that was previously a cluster member is later set to become a cluster manager, then its Status is displayed as Error in the Cluster Management Status screen and a warning icon ( 4 ) appears in the member summary list below.

Type a name to identify the Clustering Manager. You may use up to 32 printable characters (spaces are allowed).

VID This is the VLAN ID and is only applicable if the Switch is set to 802.1Q VLAN. All switches must be directly connected and in the same VLAN group to belong to the same cluster. Switches that are not in the same VLAN group are not visible in the Clustering Candidates list. This field is ignored if the Clustering Manager is using Port-based VLAN.

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Chapter 32 Cluster Management

Table 105 Management > Cluster Management > Configuration (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION Apply

Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes ifit is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Clustering Candidate

The following fields relate to the switches that are potential cluster members.

A list of suitable candidates found by auto-discovery is shown here. The switches must be directly connected. Directly connected switches that are set to be cluster managers will not be visible in the Clustering Candidate list. Switches that are not in the same management VLAN group will not be visible in the Clustering Candidate list.

Each cluster member's password is its web configurator password. Select a member in the Clustering Candidate list and then enter its web configurator password. If that switch administrator changes the web configurator password afterwards, then it cannot be managed from the Cluster Manager. lts Status is displayed as Error in the Cluster Management Status screen and a warning icon ( À ) appears in the member summary list below.

If multiple devices have the same password then hold [SHIFT] and click those switches to select them. Then enter their common web configurator password.

Click Add to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes ifit is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

Click Refresh to perform auto-discovery again to list potential cluster members.

The next summary tal

ble shows the information for the clustering members configured.

Index This is the index number of a cluster member switch.

MacAddr This is the cluster member switch's hardware MAC address.

Name This is the cluster member switch's System Name.

Model This is the cluster member switch's model name.

Remove Select this checkbox and then click the Remove button to remove a cluster member switch from the cluster.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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33.1 MAC Table Overview

The MAC Table screen (a MAC table is also known as a filtering database) shows how frames are forwarded or filtered across the Switch’s ports. It shows what device MAC address, belonging to what VLAN group (if any) is forwarded to which port(s) and whether the MAC address is dynamic (learned by the Switch) or static (manually entered in the Statie MAC Forwarding screen).

The Switch uses the MAC table to determine how to forward frames. See the following figure. 1 The Switch examines a received frame and learns the port on which this source MAC address came.

2 The Switch checks to see if the frames destination MAC address matches a source MAC address already learned in the MAC table.

+ _Ifthe Switch has already learned the port for this MAC address, then it forwards the frame to that port.

+_Ifthe Switch has not already learned the port for this MAC address, then the frame is flooded to all ports. Too much port flooding leads to network congestion.

+_Ifthe Switch has already learned the port for this MAC address, but the destination port is the same as the port it came in on, then it filters the frame.

Figure 163 MAC Table Flowchart

Îs destination MAC address in the MAC Table?

Forward to all ports. No

1s the outgoing port different from the incoming port?

Filter this Forward to frame. outgoing port.

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Chapter 33 MAC Table

33.2 Viewing the MAC Table

Click Management > MAC Table in the navigation panel to display the following screen.

VID Port MAC Address VID Port Type 00:85:a0:01:01:00 1 8 dynamic 00:85:a0:01:01:04 1 8 dynamic 00:a0:c5:00:00:01 1 2 dynamic O0:a0:c5:fe:ea:71 1 CPU static O0:a0:c5:fe:ea:71 2 CPU static

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 106 Management > MAC Table

LABEL DESCRIPTION Sort by Click one of the following buttons to display and arrange the data according to that button type. The information is then displayed in the summary table below. MAC Click this button to display and arrange the data according to MAC address. VID Click this button to display and arrange the data according to VLAN group. Port Click this button to display and arrange the data according to port number. Index This is the incoming frame index number.

This is the MAC address of the device from which this incoming frame came.

VID This is the VLAN group to which this frame belongs. Port This is the port from which the above MAC address was learned. Type This shows whether the MAC address is dynamic (learned by the Switch) or static

(manually entered in the Static MAC Forwarding screen).

34.1 ARP Table Overview

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address, also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address, on the local area network.

An IP (version 4) address is 32 bits long. In an Ethernet LAN, MAC addresses are 48 bits long. The ARP Table maintains an association between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address.

34.1.1 How ARP Works

When an incoming packet destined for a host device on a local area network arrives at the Switch, the Switch's ARP program looks in the ARP Table and, if it finds the address, sends it to the device.

If no entry is found for the IP address, ARP broadcasts the request to all the devices on the LAN. The Switch fills in its own MAC and IP address in the sender address fields, and puts the known IP address of the target in the target IP address field. In addition, the Switch puts all ones in the target MAC field (FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF is the Ethernet broadcast address). The replying device (which is either the IP address of the device being sought or the router that knows the way) replaces the broadcast address with the target's MAC address, swaps the sender and target pairs, and unicasts the answer directly back to the requesting machine. ARP updates the ARP Table for future reference and then sends the packet to the MAC address that replied.

34.2 Viewing the ARP Table

Click Management > ARP Table in the navigation panel to open the following screen. Use the ARP table to view IP-to-MAC address mapping(s).

ab Index IP Address MAC Address Type 1 172.21.0.2 00:05:5d:04:30:f1 dynamic 2 17221316 00:05:1c:15:08:71 dynamic 3 172.21.3.19 00:0b:cd:8c:6d'ed dynamic 4 172.21.3.40 00:0c:76:07:41:0d dynamic 5 172.21.3.66 00:50:8d:47:73:4f dynamic 6 172.21.3.90 00:05:5d:14:49:20 dynamic 7 17221391 00:50:ba:ad:56:7c dynamic 8 172.21.3.95 00:10:b5:ae:56:97 dynamic g 172.21.3.120 00:10:b5:ae:62:32 dynamic 10 172.21.3138 00:a0:c5:b2:62:26 dynamic 11 172.21.4.99 00:0c:76:09:c88 dynamic 12 172.21.10.11 08:00:20:ad 6:88 dynamic 13 172.21.100.153 00:90:27:be:a2:8c dynamic 14 172.21.207.247 00:0c:76:09:17:1a dynamic 15 192.168.1.1 Q0:a0:05:3691:56 dynamic 16 192.168.1.5 00:85:a0:01:01:04 dynamic 17 192168.1.10 00:a0:c5:5e:dff9 static 18 192.168.1.100 00:85:a0:01:01:00 dynamic The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 107 Management > ARP Table LABEL DESCRIPTION Index This is the ARP Table entry number. IP Address This is the learned IP address of a device connected to a Switch port with corresponding MAC address below. MAC Address | This is the MAC address of the device with corresponding IP address above. Type This shows whether the MAC address is dynamic (learned by the Switch) or static.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter shows you how you can copy the settings of one port onto other ports.

35.1 Configure Clone

Cloning allows you to copy the basic and advanced settings from a source port to a destination port or ports. Click Management > Configure Clone to open the following screen.

Figure 166 Management > Configure Clone Cp Confiqure Clone __]

Source Destination Pol [

VLANH q Member Bandwidth Control

Broadcast Storm Control Mirroring

Spanning Tree Protocol Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree Protacol

Port-based VLAN MAC Authentication

TT Two-rate three color marker

IT Ethemet OAM F° Loop Guard

The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 108 Management > Configure Clone

LABEL DESCRIPTION Source/ Enter the source port under the Source label. This port's attributes are copied. Destination Enter the destination port or ports under the Destination label. These are the ports Port which are going to have the same attributes as the source port. You can enter

individual ports separated by a comma or a range of ports by using a dash. Example:

+ 2,4, 6 indicates that ports 2, 4 and 6 are the destination ports. + 2-6 indicates that ports 2 through 6 are the destination ports.

Select which port settings (you configured in the Basic Setting menus) should be copied to the destination port(s).

Advanced Select which port settings (you configured in the Advanced Application menus)

Application should be copied to the destination ports.

Apply Click Apply to save your changes to the Switch's run-time memory. The Switch loses these changes if it is turned off or loses power, so use the Save link on the top navigation panel to save your changes to the non-volatile memory when you are done configuring.

Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories.

+ Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

36.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs

e. The Switch does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.

1 Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the Switch.

2 Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the Switch and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.

3 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the Switch. 4 Ifthe problem continues, contact the vendor.

e. The ALM LED is on.

1 Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the Switch. 2 Ifthe problem continues, contact the vendor.

One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.

1 Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 3.3 on page 47.

2 Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 36.1 on page 275.

3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables. Disconnect and re-connect the power cord to the Switch. 5 Ifthe problem continues, contact the vendor.

e. l forgot the IP address for the Switch.

1 The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. 2 Use the console port to log in to the Switch. 3 Use the MGMIT port to log in to the Switch, the default IP address of the MGMIT port is

192.168.0.1. 4 _Ifthis does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 4.6 on page 59. 2 l forgot the username and/or password.

1 The default username is admin and the default password is 1234.

2 Ifthis does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 4.6 on page 59.

e. | cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.

1 Make sure you are using the correct IP address. + The default IP address is 192.168.1.1. + _If you changed the IP address, use the new IP address.

+ _If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the Switch. 2 Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 3.3 on page 47.

3 Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScripts and Java enabled.

4 Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the Switch. (If you know that there are routers between your computer and the Switch, skip this step.)

5 Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the Switch with the default IP address. See Section 4.6 on page 59.

6 Ifthe problem continues, contact the vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions. Advanced Suggestions

+ Try to access the Switch using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the Switch, check the remote management settings to find out why the Switch does not respond to HTTP.

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Chapter 36 Troubleshooting

e. | can see the Login screen, but | cannot log in to the Switch.

1 Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default user name is admin, and the default password is 1234. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.

2 You may have exceeded the maximum number of concurrent Telnet sessions. Close other Telnet session(s) or try connecting again later.

Check that you have enabled logins for HTTP or telnet. If you have configured a secured client IP address, your computer”’s IP address must match it. Refer to the chapter on access control for details.

3 Turn the Switch off and on.

Disconnect and re-connect the cord to the Switch.

5 Ifthis does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See Section 4.6 on page 59.

e. Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

+_ Web browser pop-up windows from your device. + _JavaScripts (enabled by default). +_ Java permissions (enabled by default).

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Chapter 36 Troubleshooting

278 MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Product Specifications

The following tables summarize the Switch’s hardware and firmware features. Table 109 Hardware Specifications

SPECIFICATION DESCRIPTION Dimensions Standard 19” rack mountable MGS-3712F: 438 mm (W) x 225 mm (D) x 45.45 mm (H) MGS-3712: 438 mm (W) x 225 mm (D) x 45.45 mm (H) Weight MGS-3712F: 3.4 Kg

One Backup Power Supply (BPS) connector

Note: There is no tolerance for the DC input voltage

All Models: 4 GbE Dual Personality interfaces (Each interface has one 1000Base-T RJ-45 port and one Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) slot, with one port active at a time.)

One local management 100Base-T RJ-45 port Auto-negotiation

Auto-MDIX One console port

Compliant with IEEE 802.3ad/u/x

Back pressure flow control for half duplex Flow control for full duplex (IEEE 802.3x)

Per switch: BPS, PWR, SYS, ALM Per Gigabit RJ-45 port/Mini-GBIC slot: 100, 1000, LNK, ACT Per mini-GBIC slot: LNK, ACT Per Management port: 10, 100

Operating Environment

Temperature: 0° C - 65° C (32°F -149%F) Humidity: 10 —- 90% (non-condensing)

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Chapter 37 Product Specifications

Fuse Specification 250 VAC, T2A External Alarm Jack Supports input from four external alarms or other devices and output to one device.

External ALARM connector

Voltage rating: 125 V Stranded Wire Gauge: 20 - 28 AWG Wire strip length: 6 -7 mm

Table 110 Firmware Specifications

Number of Login Accounts Configurable on the Switch

4 management accounts configured on the Switch. Authentication via RADIUS and TACACS#+ also available.

VLAN A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.

Filter traffic based on the source and/or destination MAC address and VLAN group (ID).

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Relay

Use this feature to have the Switch forward DHCP requests to DHCP servers on your network.

The Switch supports IGMP snooping, enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast traffic passing through your Switch.

Classifier and Policy

You can create a policy to define actions to be performed on a traffic flow grouped by a classifier according to specific criteria such as the IP address, port number or protocol type, etc.

Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion. The following scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round Robin (WRR). This allows the Switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.

Bandwidth control means defining a maximum allowable bandwidth for incoming and/or out-going traffic flows on a port.

Broadcast Storm Control

Broadcast storm control limits the number of broadcast, multicast and destination lookup failure (DLF) packets the Switch receives per second on the ports.

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Chapter 37 Product Specifications

Table 110 Firmware Specifications

FEATURE DESCRIPTION Two Rate Three Color Marker

Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that identifies packets by comparing them to two user- defined rates: the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR).

Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to) without interference.

Static routes allow the Switch to communicate with management stations not reachable via the default gateway.

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)

Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand (MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to be shared among different subscriber VLANS on the network.

This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANSs and simplifies multicast group management.

With IP multicast, the Switch delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody. In addition, the Switch can send packets to Ethernet devices that are not VLAN-aware by untagging (removing the VLAN tags) IP multicast packets.

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)YMSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol)

(M)(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or routers. It allows a Switch to interact with other (M)(R)STP-compliant switches in your network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.

Use the loop guard feature to protect against network loops on the edge of your network.

Use IP source guard to filter unauthorized DHCP and ARP packets in your network.

Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed links than to under-utilize a high- speed, but more costly, single-port link.

Port Authentication and Security

For security, the Switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the Switch.

Authentication and Accounting

The Switch supports authentication and accounting services via RADIUS and TACACS+ AAA servers.

Use the web configurator or commandés to easily configure the rich range of features on the Switch.

Port Cloning Use the port cloning feature to copy the settings you configure on one port to another port or ports. Syslog The Switch can generate syslog messages and send it to a syslog

Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and use the web configurator, CLI or an FTP/TFTP tool to put it on the Switch.

Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!

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Chapter 37 Product Specifications

Table 110 Firmware Specifications

FEATURE DESCRIPTION Configuration Backup & Restoration

Make a copy of the Switch's configuration and put it back on the Switch later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier configuration.

Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.

Table 111 Feature Specifications

Bridging 16K MAC addresses

Static MAC address filtering by source/destination Broadcast storm control

Static MAC address forwarding

Switching Switching fabric: 24 Gbps, non-blocking

Max. Frame size: 9 K bytes

Forwarding frame: IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.1q, Ethernet Il, PPPOE Prevent the forwarding of corrupted packets

STP IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) Multiple Rapid Spanning Tree capability (2 configurable trees) IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

Eight priority queues per port Port-based egress traffic shaping Rule-based traffic mirroring Supports IGMP snooping

VLAN Port-based VLAN setting

Tag-based (IEEE 802.1Q) VLAN Number of VLAN: 4K, 2000 static maximum

Supports GVRP Subnet Based VLAN Port Supports IEEE 802.3ad; static and dynamic (LACP) port trunking Aggregation Six groups (up to 8 ports each)

Port mirroring All ports support port mirroring Support port mirroring per IP/TCP/UDP

Bandwidth Supports rate limiting at 64 Kb increments

IP Capability IPV4 support 64 Management IPs Wire speed IP forwarding

Routing Static Routing

IP services DHCP relay; VLAN based DHCP relay DHCP Snooping

IEEE 802.1x port-based authentication Static MAC address filtering Limiting number of dynamic addresses per port

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Chapter 37 Product Specifications

The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the Switch. Table 112 Standards Supported

STANDARD DESCRIPTION RFC 826 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

RFC 1493 Bridge MIBs

RFC 3414 User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP v3)

IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance)

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Chapter 37 Product Specifications

Table 112 Standards Supported (continued)

PART VII Appendices and Index

The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site.

+ Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.

+ Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is User-Defined, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.

+ Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.

+ _Ifthe Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number. + _Ifthe Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.

+ Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the

situations in which this service is used.

Table 113 Commonly Used Services

NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) |DESCRIPTION User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header)

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) tunneling protocol uses this service.

AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL's Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ.

AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.

BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.

BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.

CU-SEEME TCP 7648 A popular videoconferencing solution from

UDP 24032 White Pines Software.

DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.

ESP User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security

(IPSEC_TUNNEL) Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.

FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.

Appendix À Common Services

Table 113 Commonly Used Services (continued)

NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) |DESCRIPTION FTP TCP 20 File Transfer Program, a program to enable TCP 21 fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.

H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.

HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/ server protocol for the world wide web.

HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.

ICMP User-Defined 1 Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes.

ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.

IGMP (MULTICAST) | User-Defined 2 Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.

IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.

IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.

MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol.

NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.

NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.

NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/ server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.

NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.

PING User-Defined 1 Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.

POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).

PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.

PPTP_TUNNEL User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)

(GRE) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.

RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.

REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.

Table 113 Commonly Used Services (continued)

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the

message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.

Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).

Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.

Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.

Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/ IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).

Copyright © 2008 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: + This device may not cause harmful interference.

+ This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide 291

Appendix B Legal Information

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a commercial environment. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this device in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:

ÈS ERA, AREAS, HÉSERAIRTIE SERA,

DÉFIS SRE RIRE SUIS.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

PRODUIT CONFORME SELON 21 CFR 1040.10 ET 1040.11.

Viewing Certifications

1 Gotohttp://www.zyxel.com. 2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.

3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

ZyXEL Limited Warranty

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating

MGS-3712/MGS-3012F Users Guide

Appendix B Legal Information

condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/ support_warranty_info.php.

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. Regional offices are listed below (see also http:// www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php). Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.

Required Information

+ Product model and serial number.

+ Warranty Information.

+ Date that you received your device.

+ Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

“+? is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.

Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)

+ Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw + Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw

+ Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan

China - ZyXEL Communications (Shanghai) Corp. + Support E-mail: cso.zyen@zyxel.cn + Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.en + Telephone: +86-021-61199055 + Fax: +86-021-52069033

Appendix C Customer Support

Appendix C Customer Support

Appendix C Customer Support

Appendix C Customer Support

+ Address: Room B, 21F., No.333, Sec. 2, Dunhua S. Rd., Da-an District, Taipei

Appendix C Customer Support

+ Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)

back up, configuration file 234 Backup Power Supply (BPS) 47 bandwidth control 119, 282

viewing 292 CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) 85 changing the password 57 CIR (Committed Information Rate) 119 CIST 106 Class of Service (CoS) 209 classifier 143, 145

viewing 146 cloning a port See port cloning cluster management 261

and switch passwords 266

cluster manager 261, 265

cluster member 261, 266 cluster member firmware upgrade 264 network example 261 setup 264 specification 261 status 262 switch models 261 VID 265 web configurator 263 cluster manager 261 cluster member 261 Committed Information Rate (CIR) 119 Common and Internal Spanning Tree, See CIST 106

configuration 219 change running config 233

configuration file 59 backup 234 restore 59, 234 saving 232

configuration, saving 58

contact information 295

copying port settings, See port cloning copyright 291

CPU management port 95

customer support 295

daylight saving time 74 default Ethernet settings 42 default IP address 44 DHCP 221 configuration options 221 modes 221 relay agent 221 relay example 226 setup 224 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) 221 DHCP relay option 82 187 DHCP snooping 185 configuring 187 DHCP relay option 82 187 trusted ports 186 untrusted ports 186 DHCP snooping database 186 diagnostics 255 Ethernet port test 255 ping 255 system log 255

Differentiated Service (DiffServ) 209 DiffServ

egress rate, and bandwidth control 120 Ethernet broadcast address 269 Ethernet port test 255

file transfer procedure 235 restrictions over WAN 236

general features 282

GVRP 86, 91 and port assignment 91

ingress rate, and bandwidth control 120

installation desktop 35 precautions 36 rack-mounting 36 transceivers 43

installation scenarios 35

IP capability 282 services 282

network applications 31 network management system (NMS) 238 NTP (RFC-1305) 73

priority, queue assignment 76 product registration 293 PVID 85, 91

Round Robin Scheduling 155 routing protocols 282

format 73 port number 89 trademarks 291 port settings 90

port-based VLAN 94 port-based, all connected 96 port-based, isolation 96 port-based, wizard 96

transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA) 42

transceivers 42 installation 43

removal 43 static VLAN 89 traps status 88, 89 destination 244 subnet based 92 TRTCM tagged 85 and bandwidth control 212 trunking 87, 91 and DiffServ 212 type 75, 87 color-aware mode 211 VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) 74 coran mode 211 VLAN ID 78 P VSA 179

TRTCM (Two Rate Three Color Marker) 210

trusted ports W ARP inspection 188

DHCP snooping 186 tunnel protocol attribute, and RADIUS 180 warranty 292 Two Rate Three Color Marker (TRTCM) 210 note 293

ï web configurator 51 Type of Service (ToS) 209 getting help 60

home 52 login 51 logout 60 U navigation panel 53 screen summary 54 untrusted ports weight, queuing 155 ARP inspection 188 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) 155 DHCP snooping 186 WRR (Weighted Round Robin Scheduling) 155 user profiles 171