UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B - Electronic board nJoy - Free user manual and instructions
Find the device manual for free UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B nJoy in PDF.
| Product Type | Modbus Communication Card for UPS and PV Inverter |
| Brand | nJoy |
| Model | UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B |
| Dimensions (approx.) | 50 x 30 x 10 mm |
| Weight (approx.) | 50 g |
| Power Consumption | < 1 W |
| Communication Protocol | Modbus RTU |
| Interface | RS-485 via RJ45 connector |
| Surge Protection | Yes |
| Machine ID Configuration | 8-bit DIP switch (SW1) for up to 255 IDs |
| Communication Format Settings | Baud rate (2400-19200 bps), parity (even, odd, none), stop bits |
| RS-485 Resistance Configuration | 3 DIP switches for pull-up, pull-down, and termination resistors |
| Package Contents | Modbus card, spare jumper, user manual |
| Compatibility | Compatible with UPS and PV inverter systems with intelligent slot |
| Multiple Monitoring | Up to 31 UPS units monitored from one computer |
| Storage Temperature | -10°C to +70°C |
| Installation | Plug into intelligent slot, no need to power off UPS/inverter |
| Media Converters | RS-485 to RS-232, RS-485 to Modbus/TCP, or PMU/PLC converter |
| Disposal | Do not dispose as household waste; recycle via WEEE collection point |
Frequently Asked Questions - UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B nJoy
User questions about UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B nJoy
0 question about this device. Answer the ones you know or ask your own.
Ask a new question about this device
Download the instructions for your Electronic board in PDF format for free! Find your manual UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B - nJoy and take your electronic device back in hand. On this page are published all the documents necessary for the use of your device. UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B by nJoy.
USER MANUAL UPAC-MBUSCRD-AZ01B nJoy
natural_image
Green printed circuit board with network ports and components, no visible text or symbols on the board itself.388.44.23.0

Table of contents
EN
- Package contents....3
- Product overview 4
- Product Introduction ...... 4
- Installation and Operation....5
- Configuration .... 5
5.1 Machine ID Configuration ....5
5.2 Communication Format Configuration....5
5.3 RS-485 Resistance Configuration....6
5.4 Interface Configuration 6
5.5 Connection 6
- Multiple Monitoring ....7
RO
- Continut pachet....15
- Prezentare produs....16
- Introducere produs....16
- Instalarea si operarea....17
- Configurarea....17
5.1 Configurare ID maşină 17
5.2 Configurare format de comunicare ....17
5.3 Configurare rezistenta RS-485....18
5.4 Configurare interfata ....18
5.5 Conexiunea....18
- Monitorizare multipla....19
Thank you for purchasing our products!
Please read this manual before using the product.
nJoy is a brand of power and backup protection products that create solutions for multiple levels of environment complexity, residential to industrial.
A Modbus card is a hardware component that allows electronic devices or systems to communicate using the Modbus protocol. Modbus is a widely used communication protocol for remote monitoring and controlling of UPSes.

NOTE!
Please consult both protocol manuals to check compatibility with your UPS.
Package contents1
√ Modbus card
√ Spare jumper
√ User Manual
NOTE!
If any of the above package content is missing or is damaged please contact the shop where you have bought the product from.
- If the card must be stored prior to installation; storage must be in a dry place.
- The admissible storage temperature range is from -10^ to +70^ .
Product overview2


① RS-485 port
② Golden finger
③ Address switch
4 Communication setting
⑤ Resistance switch
Product Introduction 3
The Modbus card provides UPS and PV inverter systems with the functionality of communication with PCs through MODBUS protocol:
- Implements MODBUS RTU protocol
- Provides MODBUS functions including read Holding Registers and write Registers.
- Provides RS485 interface
- Provides surge protection
Installation and Operation4
Follow below steps to install and use this modbus card:
- Configure Modbus ID (Refer to section 5.1 for the details)
- Configure communication format (Refer to section 5.2 for the details)
- Insert this modbus card into intelligent slot
- Connect modbus card to computer with RJ45 cable, and it is not necessary to turn the UPS or PV inverter off. (Refer to section 5.5 for the details)
Configuration5
5.1 Machine ID Configuration

There are eight bits to present ID of each card.
Use SW1 to set machine ID. From left to right, it's 8 to 1. As shown, when the switch is pushed down, the bit is set to "one". Otherwise, the bit is set as zero. The ID of modbus card is set to 0x01 as chart. Please check appendix for detailed ID no. and SW1 setting.
5.2 Communication Format Configuration

| Function Bit Setting Meaning | |||
| Baud rate | # 2 # | 1 | |
| OFF | OFF 2400bps | ||
| OFF | ON 4800bps | ||
| ON | OFF 9600bps | ||
| ON | ON 19200bps(default) | ||
| Parity check | # 4 # | 3 | |
| OFF | OFF Even parity | ||
| ON | OFF Odd parity | ||
| OFF | ON No parity check 1 stop bits (Default) | ||
| ON | ON No parity check 2 stop bits | ||
5.3 RS-485 Resistance Configuration

| Function Bit Setting | Meaning | ||
| Push up resistance | #6 | ON Enable (Default) | |
| OFF Disable | |||
| Pushdown resistance | #7 | ON Enable (Default) | |
| OFF Disable | |||
| Terminate resistance | #8 | ON Enable (Default) | |
| OFF Disable | |||
5.4 Interface Configuration

RS-485 Pin Configuration
| Pin Function | |
| 4 RS-485 | - B |
| 5 RS-485 | - A |
| 8 GND |
5.5 Connection
First, please use one RS485 to RS232 converter or RS-485 to Modbus/TCP converter as media converter between Modbus card and computer. You also can use a PMU as media converter between Modbus card and PLC (Power Line Carrier) to transfer data through the grid. Please follow below chart for wiring connection between RJ45 and media converter:

Wiring connection between RJ45 and media converter
Then, follow below diagram to connect personal computer:

Using RS-485 to RS-232 converter

Use RS-485 to Modbus/TCP converter

flowchart
graph LR
A["Device"] --> B["PMU"]
B --> C["Active"]
B --> D["Reactive"]
C --> E["Power Line Carrier"]
D --> E
F["RS-485"] --> B
G["RS-63"] --> B
H["Utility"] --> E
Radio ripple control receiver
Using RS-485 to PLC converter
Multiple Monitoring6
One modbus card only can be used in one UPS at the same time. When each UPS installed with one modbus card, up to 31 UPSs can be monitored from one computer.

flowchart
graph TD
A["End-of-line Device"] --> B["RS-485 to RS-232 converter"]
C["Intermediate Device"] --> B
D["First Device"] --> E["TCP/IP converter"]
E --> F["Internet"]
G["Power Line Carrier"] --> H["Active"]
H --> I["Radio ripple control receiver"]
J["End-of-line Device"] --> K["RS-485 to RS-232 converter"]
L["Intermediate Device"] --> K
M["First Device"] --> N["RT-485 to RS-232 converter"]
O["Power Line Carrier"] --> P["Active"]
Q["SW2 Setting"] --> R["Internet"]
S["Bit # Setting Meaning"] --> T["#6 ON Enable"]
U["Bit # Setting Meaning"] --> V["#7 ON Enable"]
W["Bit # Setting Meaning"] --> X["#8 OFF Disable"]
Y["Bit # Setting Meaning"] --> Z["#6 ON Enable"]
AA["Bit # Setting Meaning"] --> AB["#7 ON Enable"]
AC["Bit # Setting Meaning"] --> AD["#8 OFF Disable"]
APPENDIX: Machine ID Configuration Table (SW1) √=ON ×=OFF
| ID\SW1 | Bit 1 | Bit 2 | Bit 3 | Bit 4 | Bit 5 | Bit 6 | Bit 7 | Bit 8 |
| 1 | √ | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 2 | × | √ | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 3 | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 4 | × | × | √ | × | × | × | × | × |
| 5 | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | × | × |
| 6 | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | × |
| 7 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | × |
| 8 | × | × | × | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 9 | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 10 | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 11 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 12 | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 13 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 14 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 15 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 16 | × | × | × | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 17 | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 18 | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 19 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 20 | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 21 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 22 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 23 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 24 | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 25 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 26 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 27 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 28 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 29 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 30 | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 31 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × |
| 32 | × | × | × | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 33 | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 34 | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 35 | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 36 | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 37 | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 38 | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 39 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 40 | × | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 41 | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 42 | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 43 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 44 | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 45 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 46 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 47 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × |
| 48 | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 49 | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 50 | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 51 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 52 | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 53 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 54 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 55 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × |
| 56 | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
| 57 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
| 58 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
| 59 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
| 60 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
| 61 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
| 62 × | W | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | ||
| 63 | ×√ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | |
| 64 | × | × | × | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 65 | √ | × | × | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 66 | × | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 67 | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 68 | × | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 69 | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 70 | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 71 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 72 | × | × | × | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 73 | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | × |
| 74 | × | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | × |
| 75 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | × |
| 76 | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × |
| 77 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × |
| 78 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × |
| 79 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × |
| 80 | × | × | × | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 81 | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 82 | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 83 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 84 | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 85 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 86 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 87 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × |
| 88 | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 89 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 90 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 91 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 92 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 93 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 94 | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × |
| 95 | × √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | |
| 96 | × | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 97 | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 98 | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 99 | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 100 | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 101 | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 102 | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 103 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × |
| 104 | × | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 105 | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 106 | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 107 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 108 | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 109 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 110 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 111 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × |
| 112 | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 113 | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 114 | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 115 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 116 | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 117 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 118 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 119 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 120 | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 121 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 122 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 123 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 124 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 125 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 126 | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 127 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × |
| 128 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 129 | √ | × | × | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 130 | × | √ | × | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 131 | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 132 | × | × | √ | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 133 | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 134 | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 135 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | √ |
| 136 | × | × | × | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 137 | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 138 | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 139 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 140 | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 141 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 142 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 143 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ |
| 144 | × | × | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 145 | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 146 | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 147 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 148 | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 149 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 150 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 151 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 152 | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 153 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 154 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 155 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 156 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 157 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 158 | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 159 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ |
| 160 | × | × | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 161 | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 162 | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 163 | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 164 | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 165 | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 166 | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 167 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ |
| 168 | × | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 169 | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 170 | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 171 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 172 | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 173 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 174 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 175 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ |
| 176 | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 177 | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 178 | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 179 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 180 | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 181 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 182 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 183 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 184 | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 185 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 186 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 187 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 188 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 189 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 190 | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 191 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ |
| 192 | × | × | × | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 193 | √ | × | × | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 194 | × | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 195 | √ | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 196 | × | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 197 | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 198 | × | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 199 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ |
| 200 | × | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 201 | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 202 | × | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 203 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 204 | × | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 205 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 206 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 207 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ |
| 208 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 209 | √ | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| 210 | × | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 211 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | × | × | √ |
| 212 | × | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 213 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 214 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 215 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 216 | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 217 | √ | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 218 | × | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 219 | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 220 | × | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 221 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 222 | × | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 223 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
| 224 | × | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 225 | √ | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 226 | × | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 227 | √ | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 228 | × | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 229 | √ | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 230 | × | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 231 | √ | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 232 | × | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 233 | √ | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 234 | × | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 235 | √ | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 236 | × | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 237 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 238 | × | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 239 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 240 | × | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 241 | √ | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 242 | × | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 243 | √ | √ | × | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 244 | × | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 245 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 246 | × | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 247 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |

Disposal of Old Electrical & Electronic Equipment
(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems)
This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that this product shall not be treated as household waste.
Instead it shall be handed over to the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment.
By ensuring this product is disposed of correctly, you will help prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health, which could otherwise be caused by inappropriate waste handling of this product.
The recycling of materials will help to conserve natural resources.

| Functie Setare bit Semnificatie | |||
| Viteza de transmisie | # 2 # | 1 | |
| OFF | OFF | 2400bps | |
| OFF | ON | 4800bps | |
| ON | OFF | 9600bps | |
| ON | ON | 19200bps(default) | |
| Verificare paritate | # 4 # | 3 | |
| OFF | OFF | Paritate para | |
| ON | OFF | Impara | |
| OFF | ON | Fara verificare paritate 1 bit (implicit) | |
| ON | ON | Fara verificare paritate 2 biti | |
5.3 Configurare rezistenta RS-485

| Functie Bit Setare Semnificatie | |||
| Rezistenta impingere sus | #6 | ON Pornit (implicit) | |
| OFF Oprit | |||
| Rezistenta impingere jos | #7 | ON Pornit (implicit) | |
| OFF Oprit | |||
| Opriti rezistența | #8 | ON Pornit (implicit) | |
| OFF Oprit | |||
5.4 Configurare interfata

Configurare pin RS-485
Radio ripple control receiver
Using RS-485 to PLC converter