DGS-108 - Network switch D-LINK - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL DGS-108 D-LINK

D-Link" DGS-108 8-Port 10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet Switch Manual First Edition DLink Building Networks for People

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Preface The DGS-108 Manual is divided into sections that describe the system installation and operating instructions with examples.

Section 1, Introduction - A description of the physical features of the Switch, including LED indicators,

ports and panel descriptions.

Section 2, Installation - A description of the physical installation of the Switch including connecting the

Switch to the network and connecting stacked switch groups.

Section 3, Connecting the Switch - A description of how to connect your Switch to an end node, hub,

switch, or backbone server. Appendix À, Technical Specifications - The technical specifications of the DGS-108. Glossary - Lists definitions for terms and acronyms used in this document. Intended Readers The DGS-108 Manual contains information for setup and management and of the DGS-108 Switch. This manual is intended for network managers familiar with network management concepts and terminology. Notes, Notices, and Cautions NOTE: À NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your device. ( NOTICE: À NOTICE indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates the potential for property damage, personal injury, or death.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Safety Instructions Use the following safety guidelines to ensure your own personal safety and to help protect your system from potential damage. Throughout this safety section, the caution icon ( A ) is used to indicate cautions and precautions that you need to review and follow. A Safety Cautions To reduce the risk of bodily injury, electrical shock, fire, and damage to the equipment, observe the following precautions. Observe and follow service markings. Do not service any product except as explained in your system documentation. Opening or removing covers that are marked with the triangular symbol with a Lightning bolt may expose you to an electrical shock. Only a trained service technician should service components inside these compartments. If any of the following conditions occur, unplug the product from the electrical outlet and replace the part or contact your trained service provider: - The power cable, extension cable, or plug is damaged. - An object has fallen into the product. - The product has been exposed to water. - The product has been dropped or damaged. - The product does not operate correctly when you follow the operating instructions. + Keep your system away from radiators and heat sources. Also, do not block cooling vents. + Do not spill food or liquids on your system components, and never operate the product in a wet environment. If the system gets wet, see the appropriate section in your troubleshooting guide or contact your trained service provider. + Do not push any objects into the openings of your system. Doing so can cause a fire or an electric shock by shorting out interior components. + Use the product only with approved equipment. + Allow the product to cool before removing covers or touching internal components. + Operate the product only from the type of external power source indicated on the electrical ratings label. If you are not sure of the type of power source required, consult your service provider or local power company. + To help avoid damaging your system, be sure the voltage selection switch (if provided) on the power supply is set to match the power available at your location: - 115 volts (V)/60 hertz (Hz) in most of North and South À merica and some Far Eastern countries such as South Korea and Taïwan. - 100 V/50 Hz in eastern Japan and 100 V/60 Hz in western Japan. - 230 V/50 Hz in most of Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. + Also be sure that attached devices are electrically rated to operate with the power available in your location.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Safety Instructions (continued) ° Use only approved power cable(s). If you have not been provided with a power cable for your system or for any AC-powered option intended for your system, purchase a power cable that is approved for use in your country. The power cable must be rated for the product and for the voltage and current marked on the product's electrical ratings label. The voltage and current rating of the cable should be greater than the ratings marked on the product. ° To help prevent an electric shock, plug the system and peripheral power cables into properly grounded electrical outlets. These cables are equipped with three-prong plugs to help ensure proper grounding. Do not use adapter plugs or remove the grounding prong from a cable. If you must use an extension cable, use a 3-wire cable with properly grounded plugs. + Observe extension cable and power strip ratings. Make sure that the total ampere rating of all products plugged into the extension cable or power strip does not exceed 80 percent of the ampere ratings limit for the extension cable or power strip. + To help protect your system from sudden, transient increases and decreases in electrical power, use a surge suppressor, line conditioner, or uninterruptible power supply (UPS). + Position system cables and power cables carefully; route cables so that they cannot be stepped on or tripped over. Be sure that nothing rests on any cables. + Do not modify power cables or plugs. Consult a licensed electrician or your power company for site modifications. Always follow your local/national wiring rules. + When connecting or disconnecting power to hot-pluggable power supplies, if offered with your system, observe the following guidelines: - Install the power supply before connecting the power cable to the power supply. - Unplug the power cable before removing the power supply. - Ifthe system has multiple sources of power, disconnect power from the system by unplugging all power cables from the power supplies. ° Move products with care; ensure that all casters and/or stabilizers are firmly connected to the system. Avoid sudden stops and uneven surfaces. A General Precautions for Rack-Mountable Products Observe the following precautions for rack stability and safety. Also refer to the rack installation documentation accompanying the system and the rack for specific caution statements and procedures. Systems are considered to be components in a rack. Thus, "component" refers to any system as well as to various peripherals or supporting hardware. CAUTION: Installing systems in a rack without the front and side stabilizers installed could cause the rack to tip over, potentially resulting in bodily injury under certain circumstances. Therefore, always install the stabilizers before installing components in the rack. After installing system/components in a rack, never pull more than one component out of the rack on its slide assemblies at one time. The weight of more than one extended component could cause the rack to tip over and may result in serious injury.

• Before working on the rack, make sure that the stabilizers are secured to the rack, extended to the floor, and that the full weight of the rack rests on the floor. Install front and side stabilizers on a single rack or front stabilizers for joined multiple racks before working on the rack.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Safety Instructions (continued) Always load the rack from the bottom up, and load the heaviest item in the rack first. Make sure that the rack is level and stable before extending a component from the rack. Use caution when pressing the component rail release latches and sliding a component into or out of a rack; the slide rails can pinch your fingers. After a component is inserted into the rack, carefully extend the rail into a locking position, and then slide the component into the rack. Do not overload the AC supply branch circuit that provides power to the rack. The total rack load should not exceed 80 percent of the branch circuit rating. Ensure that proper airflow is provided to components in the rack. Do not step on or stand on any component when servicing other components in a rack. NOTE: À qualified electrician must perform all connections to DC power and to safety grounds. All electrical wiring must comply with applicable local or national codes and practices. CAUTION: Never defeat the ground conductor or operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor. Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are uncertain that suitable grounding is available. CAUTION: The system chassis must be positively grounded to the rack cabinet frame. Do not attempt to connect power to the system until grounding cables are connected. Completed power and safety ground wiring must be inspected by a qualified electrical inspector. An energy hazard will exist if the safety ground cable is omitted or disconnected. Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge Static electricity can harm delicate components inside your system. To prevent static damage, discharge static electricity from your body before you touch any of the electronic components, such as the microprocessor. Y ou can do so by periodically touching an unpainted metal surface on the chassis. You can also take the following steps to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD):

1. When unpacking a static-sensitive component from its shipping carton, do not remove the component

from the antistatic packing material until you are ready to install the component in your system. Just before unwrapping the antistatic packaging, be sure to discharge static electricity from your body.

2. When transporting a sensitive component, first place it in an antistatic container or packaging.

3. Handle all sensitive components in a static-safe area. If possible, use antistatic floor pads, workbench

pads, and an antistatic grounding strap.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch

Introduction Ethernet Technology Switch Description Features Ports Front-Panel Components Ethernet Technology Fast Ethernet Technology The growing importance of LANs and the increasing complexity of desktop computing applications are fueling the need for high performance networks. A number of high-speed LAN technologies are proposed to provide greater bandwidth and improve client/server response times. Among them, Fast Ethernet, or 100BASE-T, provides a non-disruptive, smooth evolution from 10BASE-T technology. 100Mbps Fast Ethernet is a standard specified by the IEEE 802.3 LAN committee. It is an extension of the 10Mbps Ethemet standard with the ability to transmit and receive data at 100Mbps, while maintaining the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Ethernet protocol. Gigabit Ethernet Technology Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet utilizing the same packet structure, format, and support for CSMA/CD protocol, full duplex, flow control, and management objects, but with a tenfold increase in theoretical throughput over 100Mbps Fast Ethemet and a one hundred-fold increase over 10Mbps Ethernet. Since it is compatible with all 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet environments, Gigabit Ethernet provides a straightforward upgrade without wasting a company’s existing investment in hardware, software, and trained personnel. The increased speed and extra bandwidth offered by Gigabit Ethemet are essential to coping with the network bottlenecks that frequently develop as computers and their busses get faster and more users use applications that generate more traffic. Upgrading key components, such as your backbone and servers to Gigabit Ethernet can greatly improve network response times as well as significantly speed up the traffic between your subnetworks. Gigabit Ethemet enables fast optical fiber connections to support video conferencing, complex imaging, and similar data-intensive applications. Likewise, since data transfers occur 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet, servers outfitted with Gigabit Ethernet NIC's are able to perform 10 times the number of operations in the same amount of time. In addition, the phenomenal bandwidth delivered by Gigabit Ethernet is the most cost-effective method to take advantage of today and tomorrow’s rapidly improving switching and routing intemetworking technologies. Switching Technology Another key development pushing the limits of Ethernet technology is in the field of switching technology. A switch bridges Ethernet packets at the MAC address level of the Ethernet protocol transmitting among connected Ethernet or fast Ethernet LAN segments. Switching is a cost-effective way of increasing the total network capacity available to users on a local area network. A switch increases capacity and decreases network loading by making it possible for a local area network to be divided into different segments that do not compete with each other for network transmission capacity, decreasing the load on each segment. The switch acts as a high-speed selective bridge between the individual segments. Traffic that needs to go from one segment to another (from one port to another) is automatically forwarded by the switch, without interfering

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch with any other segments (ports). This allows the total network capacity to be multiplied, while still maintaining the same network cabling and adapter cards. For Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethemet networks, a switch is an effective way of eliminating problems of chaining hubs beyond the “two-repeater limit.” A switch can be used to split parts of the network into different collision domains, for example, making it possible to expand your Fast Ethernet network beyond the 205-meter network diameter limit for 100BASE-TX networks. Switches supporting both traditional 10Mbps Ethernet and 100Mbps Fast Ethemet are also ideal for bridging between existing 10Mbps networks and new 100Mbps networks. Switching LAN technology is a marked improvement over the previous generation of network bridges, which were characterized by higher latencies. Routers have also been used to segment local area networks, but the cost of a router and the setup and maintenance required make routers relatively impractical. Today’s Switches are an ideal solution to most kinds of local area network congestion problems. Switch Description The DGS-108 Switch is equipped with eight ports providing dedicated 10, 100, or 1000 Mbps bandwidth. These ports can be used for connecting PCs, printers, servers, routers, Switches, hubs, and other network devices. The eight multi-speed ports use standard twisted pair cabling and are ideal for segmenting networks into small, connected subnets. Each port can support up to 2000 Mbps of throughput in full-duplex mode. This stand-alone Switch enables the network to use some of the most demanding multimedia and imaging applications concurrently with other user applications without creating bottlenecks. Features The DGS-108 8-Port 10/100/1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet Switch was designed for easy installation and high performance in an environment where traffic on the network and the number of users increase continuously. Eight 10/100/1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethemet ports Cable Diagnostic function at Switch boot up Supports Auto-Negotiation for 10/100/1000Mbps and duplex mode Supports Auto-MDI/MDIX for each port Supports Full/Half duplex transfer mode for 10 and 100Mbps Supports Full-duplex transfer mode for 1000Mbps Full wire speed reception and transmission Store-and-Forward switching method Supports 8K absolute MAC addresses Supports 9.6KB Jumbo Frames Supports IEEE802.1p QOS Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs IEEE 802.3x flow control for full duplex Back pressure flow control for half duplex

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Front-Panel Components The front panel of the Switch consists of LED indicators, eight (10/100/1000 Mbps) Ethernet ports. DGS-108 D-Link ss ss Figure 1-1. Front Panel View of the Switch Comprehensive LED indicators display the status of the Switch and the network. LED Indicators The LED indicators of the Switch include Power, 100/1000Mbps, and Link/A ct. The following shows the LED indicators for the Switch along with an explanation of each indicator. Figure 1-2. LED Indicators LED Indicators Comprehensive LED indicators display the conditions of the Switch and status of the network. A description of these LED indicators follows (see LED Indicators). The LED indicators of the Switch include Power, Link/A ct, 1000Mbps, and 100Mbps. The Cable Diagnostic functions of the Switch are indicated by a combination of the Speed and the Link/Act LEDs, as described below. “Power Indicator This green indicator illuminates when the Switch is receiving power. ". Link/Act This green indicator illuminates steadily when a port is connected to a station successfully and has a good link. The indicator will blink to indicate that a port is transmitting or receiving data on the network. "Speed — 1000Mbps/Green; 100Mbps/Amber; 10Mbps/Off This indicator is amber-colored when the port is connected to a 100Mbps Fast Ethernet station. It is green when the port is connected to a 1000Mbps Ethernet station. It is not illuminated when the port is connected to a 10Mbps Ethernet station. "Cable Diagnostic — LED Indications When the Switch is booted up (when the Switch is first powered on), the Cable Diagnostic function is initialized and run. The Cable Diagnostic function will detect three common faults in an Ethernet cable connecting the Switch to a remote network device: an open circuit (a lack of continuity between the pins at each end of the Ethernet cable or a disconnected cable), a short circuit (two or more conductors short-circuited), and improper termination (a termination resistance greater than the specified 100 ohms). Any of these common cable faults will be detected by the Cable Diagnostic function and the LEDs will display the results of the Cable Diagnostic function as follows: Open, Short, or Improper Termination — Speed LED: Amber - Link/Act LED: Off Cable connection good - Speed LED: Green - Link/Act LED: Off

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch The Cable Diagnostic function operates only during the Switch boot up (when the Switch is first powered on). The Cable Diagnostic first scans the eight Ethemet ports to determine if the Ethernet cable is in good working order. This process is indicated by the Speed LED blinking green for each of the eight ports, sequentially. The initial port scan takes about 10 seconds. If a cable fault is detected, it is indicated by the corresponding port's Speed LED glowing amber for 5 seconds, after the initial port scan. The Switch is then reset for normal operation. It takes about 2 seconds for the Switch to reset. The entire Cable Diagnostic process takes about 17 seconds from the time the Switch is booted. So, from the time power is first applied to the Switch, about 17 seconds is required before the Switch will begin normal operation. Note: There is no display of cable faults detected by the Cable Diagnostic during the normal operation of the Switch, only when the Switch is booted up or power-cycled. NOTE: The Cable Diagnostic function does not support 10M/100M. If the port is connected to a 10M/100M device, see the Link LED to check if the cable is good or not.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Rear Panel Description DC Power Jack: Power is supplied through an external AC power adapter. Check the technical specification section for information about the AC power input voltage. Le ee D Auto-MDI Jacks — DC pluarsack Figure 1-3. Rear panel view of the Switch 10/100/1000BASE-T Ports: Eight Gigabit Ethemet, Auto-Negotiating ports (10/100/1000Mbps) Comprehensive LED indicators display the conditions of the Switch and status of the network.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch

Installation Package Contents Before You Connect to the Network Installing the Switch Power On Package Contents Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents. The carton should contain the following items: + One DGS-108 8-Port 10/100/1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet Switch + Four rubber feet with adhesive backing e+ One extemal power adapter + This manual If any item is missing or damaged, please contact your local D-Link reseller for replacement. Before You Connect to the Network The site where you install the Switch may greatly affect its performance. Please follow these guidelines for setting up the Switch. + Install the Switch on a sturdy, level surface that can support at least 3 kg (6.6 Ibs.) of weight. Do not place heavy objects on the Switch. + The power outlet should be within 1.82 meters (6 feet) of the Switch. + Visually inspect the power cord and see that it is fully secured to the AC power port. + Make sure that there is adequate space for proper heat dissipation from and adequate ventilation around the Switch. Leave at least 10 cm (4 inches) of space at the front and rear of the Switch for ventilation. + Install the Switch in a faily cool and dry place for the acceptable temperature and humidity operating ranges. + Install the Switch in a site free from strong electromagnetic field generators (such as motors), vibration, dust, and direct exposure to sunlight. + When installing the Switch on a level surface, attach the rubber feet to the bottom of the device. The rubber feet cushion the Switch, protect the casing from scratches, and prevent it from scratching other surfaces.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Mounting the Switch on a Wall The DGS-108 can be mounted on a wall. Two mounting slots are provided on the bottom of the Switch for this purpose. Make sure that the front panel is exposed in order to view the LEDs. Refer to the illustration below: A.) Cement wall

1. Mount the nylon screw anchors into a cement wall.

2. Drivethe T3 x 15L screws into the nylon screw anchors.

3. Hook the mounting holes at the back of the switch onto the screws. The wall-mount process is

complete. B.) Wooden wall

1. Insertthe T3 x 15 L screws into the wood wall.

2. Hook the mounting holes at the back of the switch onto the screws. The wall-mount process is

complete. Key holes size: 15x8.0 x 3.2(mm) <A() 95 x 22L(mm) F4 Q] © 15 2.5 / / T3 x 15L(mm) 2 “

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Attaching the Rubber Feet Use the rubber feet provided. Position and apply the rubber feet to the underside of the DGS-108 Switch. Figure 2-2. Attaching the Rubber Feet Provide for Adequate Ventilation CAUTION: Do not place any device on top of Switch, or place the Switch on top of any device or object that will block the free flow of air through the ventilation slots on the sides, top, and bottom of the Switch's case. In addition, care should be taken not to locate the Switch next to, on top of, or underneath any device that generates a significant amount of heat. For the Switch to perform at its optimal level, the Switch must have adequate ventilation to prevent the Switch from overheating and becoming damaged. Power On Plug one end of the AC to DC power converter into the power connector of the Switch and the other end into the local power source outlet. After the Switch is powered on, the LED indicators will momentarily blink. This blinking of the LED indicators represents a reset of the system. Power Failure As a precaution, in the event of a power failure, unplug the Switch. When power is resumed, plug the Switch back in.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch

Connecting The Switch Switch To End Node Switch To Hub or Switch Connecting To a Server NOTE: All eight high-performance NWay Ethernet ports can support both MDI- IT and MDI-X connections. Switch To End Node End nodes include PCs outfitted with a 10, 100, or 1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ethemet/Fast Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and most routers. An end node can be connected to the Switch via a twisted-pair Category 3, 4, 5, or 5e UTP/STP cable. The end node can be connected to any of the ports of the Switch.

RJ-45 Connector Figure 3-1. Switch connected to an end node The Link/Act LEDs for each UTP port light green when the link is valid. The LED over the port label indicates a port speed of either 10/100 Mbps or 1000Mbps. A blinking LED on the bottom indicates packet activity on that port. Switch to Hub or Switch These connections can be accomplished in a number of ways using a standard Ethernet cable. + À 10BASE-T hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a twisted-pair Category 3, 4, 5, or 5e UTP/STP cable. + À 100BASE-T hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a twisted -pair Category 5 UTP/STP cable.

pa pie ap pp Fe crossover CABLE Switch or Hub STRAIGHT CABLE —p EE ES Figure 3-2. Switch connected to a port on a hub or switch using either a straight or crossover cable- any standard Ethernet cable is fine Connecting To Network Backbone or Server Any of the eight Gigabit Ethernet ports are ideal for uplinking to a network backbone or network server.

mp men Figure 3-3. Connection to a Server

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Performance gransmission | Store-and-forward RAM Buffers | I44K perdevice Fitering 8K MAC address per device Address Table: © P Packet Filtering/ Forwarding Full wire speed Rate: MAC Address | Gai£ Jeaming, auto-agin( Learning: g auto-aging Jumbo Frame: | 96KB

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch Glossary 1000BASE-LX - A long wavelength for a “long haul" fiber optic cable for a maximum length of 10 kilometers. 1000BASE-SX - A short laser wavelength on multimode fiber optic cable for a maximum length of 550 meters. 100BASE-FX - 100Mbps Ethernet implementation over fiber. 100BASE-TX - 100Mbps Ethernet implementation over Category 5 and Type 1 Twisted Pair cabling. 10BASE-T - The IEEE 802.3 specification for Ethemet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling. aging - The automatic removal of dynamic entries from the Switch Database which have timed-out and are no longer valid. ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A connection oriented transmission protocol based on fixed length cells (packets). ATM is designed to carry a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals. auto-negotiation - A feature on a port, which allows it to advertise its capabilities for speed, duplex, and flow control. When connected to an end station that also supports auto-negotiation, the link can self-detect its optimum operating setup. backbone port - A port that does not learn device addresses, and that receives all frames with an unknown address. Backbone ports are normally used to connect the Switch to the backbone of your network. Note that backbone ports were formerly known as designated downlink ports. backbone - The part of a network used as the primary path for transporting traffic between network segments. Bandwidth - Information capacity, measured in bits per second, that a channel can transmit. The bandwidth of Ethernet is 10Mbps, the bandwidth of Fast Ethemet is 100Mbps. baud rate - The switching speed of a line. Also known as line speed. BOOTP - The BOOTP protocol allows you to automatically map an IP address to a given MAC address each time a device is started. In addition, the protocol can assign the subnet mask and default gateway to a device. bridge - A device that interconnects local or remote networks no matter what higher level protocols are involved. Bridges form a single logical network, centralizing network administration. broadcast - À message sent to all destination devices on the network. broadcast storm - Multiple simultaneous broadcasts that typically absorb available network bandwidth and can cause network failure. console port - The port on the Switch accepting a terminal or modem connector. It changes the parallel arrangement of data within computers to the serial form used on data transmission links. This port is most often used for dedicated local management. CSMA/CD - Channel access method used by Ethemet and IEEE 802.3 standards, in which devices transmit only after finding the data channel clear for some period of time. When two devices transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs and the colliding devices delay their retransmissions for a random amount of time. data center switching - The point of aggregation within a corporate network where a switch provides high- performance access to server farms, a high-speed backbone connection, and a control point for network management and security. Ethernet - A LAN specification developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethemet networks operate at 10Mbps using CSMA/CD to run over cabling. Fast Ethernet - 100Mbps technology based on the Ethernet/CD network access method. Flow Control - (IEEE 802.3z) A means of holding packets back at the transmit port of the connected end station. Prevents packet loss at a congested switch port. forwarding - The process of sending a packet toward its destination by an internetworking device. full duplex - A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received at the same time and, in effect, doubles the potential throughput of a link.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch half duplex - A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received, but not at the same time. Contrast with full duplex. IP address - Internet Protocol address. A unique identifier for a device attached to a network using TCP/IP. The address is written as four octets separated with full-stops (periods), and is made up of a network section, an optional subnet section and a host section. IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange. A protocol allowing communication in a NetWare network. LAN - Local Area Network. A network of connected computing resources (such as PCs, printers, servers) covering a relatively small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or building). Characterized by high data rates and low error rates. latency - The delay between the time a device receives a packet and the time the packet is forwarded out of the destination port. line speed - See baud rate. main port - The port in a resilient link that carries data traffic in normal operating conditions. MDI - Medium Dependent Interface. An Ethernet port connection where the transmitter of one device is connected to the receiver of another device. MDI-X - Medium Dependent Interface Cross-over. An Ethernet port connection where the intemal transmit and receive lines are crossed. MIB - Management Information Base. Stores a device’s management characteristics and parameters. MIBs are used by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to contain attibutes of their managed systems. The Switch contains its own intemal MIB. multicast - Single packets copied to a specific subset of network addresses. These addresses are specified in the destination-address field of the packet. protocol - A set of rules for communication between devices on a network. The rules dictate format, timing, sequencing, and error control. resilient link - A pair of ports that can be configured so that one will take over data transmission should the other fail. See also main port and standby port. RJ-45 - Standard 8-wire connectors for IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T networks. RMON - Remote Monitoring. Subset of SNMP MIB IL, which allows monitoring and management capabilities by addressing up to ten different groups of information. RPS - Redundant Power System. A device that provides a backup source of power when connected to the Switch. server farm - A cluster of servers in a centralized location serving a large user population. SLIP - Serial Line Intemet Protocol. A protocol that allows IP to run over a serial line connection. SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol. A protocol originally designed to be used in managing TCP/IP intemets. SNMP is presently implemented on a wide range of computers and networking equipment and may be used to manage many aspects of network and end station operation. Spanning Tree Protocol - (STP) A bridge-based system for providing fault tolerance on networks. STP works by allowing you to implement parallel paths for network traffic, and to ensure that redundant paths are disabled when the main paths are operational and enabled if the main paths fail. stack - A group of network devices that are integrated to form a single logical device. standby port - The port in a resilient link that will take over data transmission if the main port in the link fails. switch - A device that filters, forwards, and floods packets based on the packet's destination address. The Switch leams the addresses associated with each switch port and builds tables based on this information to be used for the switching decision. TCP/IP - À layered set of communications protocols providing Telnet terminal emulation, FTP file transfer, and other services for communication among a wide range of computer equipment. Telnet - A TCP/IP application protocol that provides virtual terminal service, letting a user log in to another computer system and access a host as if the user were connected directly to the host. TETP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol. Allows you to transfer files (such as software upgrades) from a remote device using your switch's local management capabilities.

D-Link DGS-108 Unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet Switch UDP - User Datagram Protocol. An Internet standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a datagram to an application program on another device. VLAN - Virtual LAN. A group of location- and topology-independent devices that communicate as if they are on a common physical LAN. VLT - Virtual LAN Trunk. A Switch-to-Switch link which carries traffic for all the VLANS on each Switch. VT100 - A type of terminal which uses A SCII characters. VT 100 screens have a text-based appearance.

Link Building Networks for People Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, D-Link Systems, Inc. (‘D-Link") provides this Limited Warranty: . Only to the person or entity that originally purchased the product from D-Link or its authorized reseller or distributor, and . Only for products purchased and delivered within the fifty states of the United States, the District of Columbia, U.S. Possessions or Protectorates, U.S. Military Installations, or addresses with an APO or FPO. Limited Warranty: D-Link warrants that the hardware portion of the D-Link product described below (‘Hardware") will be free from material defects in workmanship and materials under normal use from the date of original retail purchase of the product, for the period set forth below (Warranty Period”), except as otherwise stated herein: . Hardware (excluding power supplies and fans): Five (5) Years . Power supplies and fans: One (1) Year . Spare parts and spare kits: Ninety (90) days The customers sole and exclusive remedy and the entire liability of D-Link and its suppliers under this Limited Warranty will be, at D-Link's option, to repair or replace the defective Hardware during the Warranty Period at no charge to the original owner or to refund the actual purchase price paid. Any repair or replacement will be rendered by D-Link at an Authorized D-Link Service Office. The replacement hardware need not be new or have an identical make, model or part. D-Link may, at its option, replace the defective Hardware or any part thereof with any reconditioned product that D-Link reasonably determines is substantially equivalent (or superior) in all material respects to the defective Hardware. Repaired or replacement hardware will be warranted for the remainder of the original Warranty Period or ninety (90) days, whichever is longer, and is subject to the same limitations and exclusions. If a material defect is incapable of correction, or if D-Link determines that it is not practical to repair or replace the defective Hardware, the actual price paid by the original purchaser for the defective Hardware will be refunded by D-Link upon return to D-Link of the defective Hardware. All Hardware or part thereof that is replaced by D-Link, or for which the purchase price is refunded, shall become the property of D-Link upon replacement or refund. Limited Software Warranty: D-Link warrants that the software portion of the product (“Software”) will substantially conform to D-Link's then current functional specifications for the Software, as set forth in the applicable documentation, from the date of original retail purchase of the Software for a period of ninety (90) days (‘Software Warranty Period"), provided that the Software is properly installed on approved hardware and operated as contemplated in its documentation. D-Link further warrants that, during the Software Warranty Period, the magnetic media on which D-Link delivers the Software will be free of physical defects. The customers sole and exclusive remedy and the entire liability of D-Link and its suppliers under this Limited Warranty will be, at D-Link’ option, to replace the non-conforming Software (or defective media) with software that substantially conforms to D-Link's functional specifications for the Software or to refund the portion of the actual purchase price paid that is attributable to the Software. Except as otherwise agreed by D-Link in writing, the replacement Software is provided only to the original licensee, and is subject to the terms and conditions of the license granted by D-Link for the Software. Replacement Software will be warranted for the remainder of the original Warranty Period and is subject to the same limitations and exclusions. lf a material non- conformance is incapable of correction, or if D-Link determines in its sole discretion that it is not practical to replace the non-conforming Software, the price paid by the original license for the non-conforming Software will be refunded by D-Link; provided that the non-conforming Software (and all copies thereof) is first retumed to D-Link. The license granted respecting any Software for which a refund is given automatically terminates. Non-Applicability of Warranty: The Limited Warranty provided hereunder for Hardware and Software portions of D-Link's products will not be applied to and does not cover any refurbished product and any product purchased through the inventory clearance or liquidation sale or other sales in which D-Link, the sellers, or the liquidators expressly disclaim their warranty obligation pertaining to the product and in that case, the product is being sold “As-ls" without any warranty whatsoever including, without limitation, the Limited Warranty as described herein, notwithstanding anything stated herein to the contrary. Submitting À Claim: The customer shall return the product to the original purchase point based on its return policy. In case the return policy period has expired and the product is within warranty, the customer shall submit a claim to D-Link as outlined below: . The customer must submit with the product as part of the claim a written description of the Hardware defect or Software nonconformance in sufficient detail to allow D-Link to contirm the same, along with proof of purchase of the product (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice for the product) if the product is not registered . The customer must obtain a Case ID Number from D-Link Technical Support at 1-877-453-5465, who will attempt to assist the customer in resolving any suspected defects with the product. If the product is considered defective, the customer must obtain a Return Material Authorization (‘RMA‘) number by completing the RMA form and entering the assigned Case ID Number at htips:/rma.dlink.com/. . After an RMA number is issued, the defective product must be packaged securely in the original or other suitable shipping package to ensure that it will not be damaged in transit, and the RMA number must be prominently marked on the outside of the package. Do not include any manuals or accessories in the shipping package. D-Link will only replace the defective portion of the product and will not ship back any accessories. . The customer is responsible for all in-bound shipping charges to D-Link. No Cash on Delivery (‘COD”) is allowed. Products sent COD will either be rejected by D-Link or become the property of D-Link. Products shall be fully insured by the customer and shipped to D- Link Systems, Inc., 17595 Mt. Herrmann, Fountain Valley, CA 92708. D-Link will not be held responsible for any packages that are lost in transit to D-Link. "The repaired or replaced packages will be shipped to the customer via UPS Ground or any common carrier selected by D-Link. Return shipping charges shall be prepaid by D-Link if you use an address in the United States, otherwise we will ship the product to you freight collect. Expedited shipping is available upon request and provided shipping charges are prepaid by the customer. D-Link may reject or return any product that is not packaged and shipped in strict compliance with the foregoing requirements, or for which an RMA number is not visible from the outside of the package. The product owner agrees to pay D-Link's reasonable handling and return shipping charges for any product that is not packaged and shipped in accordance with the foregoing requirements, or that is determined by D-Link not to be defective or non-conforming. What Is Not Covered: The Limited Warranty provided herein by D-Link does not cover: Products that, in D-Link's judgment, have been subjected to abuse, accident, alteration, modification, tampering, negligence, misuse, fauity installation, lack of reasonable care, repair or service in any way that is not contemplated in the documentation for the product, or if the model or serial number has been altered, tampered with, defaced or removed; Initial installation, installation and removal of the product for repair, and shipping costs; Operational adjustments covered in the operating manual for the product, and normal maintenance; Damage that occurs in shipment, due to act of God, failures due to power surge, and cosmetic damage: Any hardware, software, firmware or other products or services provided by anyone other than D-Link; and Products that have been purchased from inventory clearance or liquidation sales or other sales in which D-Link, the sellers, or the

liquidators expressly disclaim their warranty obligation pertaining to the product. While necessary maintenance or repairs on your Product can be performed by any company, we recommend that you use only an Authorized D-Link Service Office. Improper or incorrectly performed maintenance or repair voids this Limited Warranty. Disclaimer of Other Warranties: EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED WARRANTY SPECIFIED HEREIN, THE PRODUCT IS PROVIDED ‘“AS-IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY _KIND WHATSOEVER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY_ OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IF ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED IN ANY TERRITORY WHERE À PRODUCT IS SOLD, THE DURATION OF SUCH IMPLIED WARRANTY SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE APPLICABLE WARRANTY PERIOD SET FORTH ABOVE. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY COVERED UNDER THE LIMITED WARRANTY PROVIDED HEREIN, THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY, SELECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCT IS WITH THE PURCHASER OF THE PRODUCT. Limitation of Liability: TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, D-LINK IS NOT LIABLE UNDER ANY_CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR ANY LOSS OF USE OF THE PRODUCT, INCONVENIENCE OR DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER, WHETHER DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL {INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF REVENUE OR PROFIT, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, FAILURE OF OTHER EQUIPMENT OR COMPUTER PROGRAMS TO WHICH D-LINK'S PRODUCT IS CONNECTED WITH, LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA CONTAINED IN, STORED ON, OR INTEGRATED WITH ANY PRODUCT RETURNED TO D-LINK FOR WARRANTY_ SERVICE) RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, RELATING TO WARRANTY SERVICE, OR ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY, EVEN IF D-LINK HAS BEËN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE SOLE REMEDY FOR À BREACH OF THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS REPAIR, REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE DEFECTIVE OR NON-CONFORMING PRODUCT. THE MAXIMUM LIABILITY OF D-LINK UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT COVERED BY THE WARRANTY. THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WRITTEN WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES OR REMEDIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. Governing Law: This Limited Warranty shall be govemed by the laws of the State of California. Some states do not allow exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, or limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the foregoing limitations and exclusions may not apply. This Limited Warranty provides specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Trademarks: D-Link is a registered trademark of D-Link Systems, Inc. Other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Copyright Statement: No part of this publication or documentation accompanying this product may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc., as stipulated by the United States Copyright Act of 1976 and any amendments thereto. Contents are subject to change without prior notice. Copyright 2004 by D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CE Mark Warning: This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. FCC Statement: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: + Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. + Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. + Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. + Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. formation applicable to products purchased outside the United States, please contact the ink office. For detalled warranty corresponding local

Registration Information Register online your D-Link product at http{/support.dlink.com/register/ Product registration is entirely voluntary and failure to complete or return this form will not diminish your warranty rights.

URL: www.dlink.ca Europe (U. K.) Ath Floor, Merit House Edgware Road, Colindale London NW9 5AB UK.

URL: www.dlink-intl.com Australia 1 Giffnock Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113 Australia

URL: www.dlink.com.au India D-Link House, Kurla Bandra Complex Road, Off CST Road, Santacruz (East), Mumbai -

URL: wwu..d-link.co.za Russia Grafsky per. 14, floor 6 Moscow 129626 Russia

FAX: [phone] #350

URL: www.dlink.ru China No.202,C1 Building, Huitong Office Park, No.71, Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beïjing, 100025, China.

Registration Card (All Countries and Regions excluding USA) Print, type or use block letters. Your name: Mr./Ms. Organization: Dept. Your title at organization: Telephone: Fax. Organization's e-mail address: Organization's full street address: Country: Date of purchase (Month/Day/Year) Product Product Serial No. * Product installed in type of * Product installed in computer Model computer serial No. € Applies to adapters only) Product was purchased from: Reseller's name: Telephone: Fax. Reseller's e-mail address: Resellers full address: Answers to the following questions help us to support your product:

1. Where and how will the product primarily be used?

DHome DOffice Travel DiCompany Business CHome Business [Personal Use

2. How many employees work at installation site?

O1 employee C12-9 0I10-49 CI50-99 [100-499 [150-999 [11000 or more

3. What network protocol(s) does your organization use?

OXNS/IPX DITCP/IP DIDECnet DOthers,

4. What network operating system(s) does your organization use?

OD-Link LANsmart CINovell NetWare DINetWare Lite CISCO Unix/Xenix IPC NFS T3Com 3+Open OBanyan Vines DIDECnet Pathwork Windows NT CIWindows 2000 LIWindows XP Others,

5. What network management program does your organization use?

OD-View DIHP OpenView/Windows CIHP OpenView/Unix ISunNet Manager CINovell NMS ONetView 6000 LlOthers.

6. What network medium/media does your organization use?

DfFiber-optics CIThick coax Ethernet CIThin coax Ethernet D10BASE-T UTP/STP D100BASE-TX CI100BASE-T4 [I100VGAnyLAN ClOthers.

7. What applications are used on your network?

DDesktop publishing CiSpreadsheet CIWord processing CICAD/CAM CIDatabase management CJAccounting Others.

8. What category best describes your company?

DAerospace DEngineering DlEducation CiFinance ClHospital CILegal Clnsurance/Real Estate ClManufacturing ORetail/ChainstoreWholesale CIGovernment DTransportation/Utilities/Communication CIVAR [System house/company UOther.

9. Would you recommend your D-Link product to a friend?

DYes CINo CDon't know yet 10.Your comments on this product?