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Brand : PANASONIC

Model : AQUAREA

Category : Système de chauffage et de climatisation

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USER MANUAL AQUAREA PANASONIC

Aquarea Air / Water-heatpump – heating and cooling systems

DESIGN HANDBOOK DESIGN HANDBOOK for Bi-Bloc and Monobloc systems for split and compact systems

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Overview of units Series

additional electric heater kW Single or Three phase

Aquarea LT Operating mode

Nominal heating apacity kW c

*D evices have a high efficiency pump and fulfil the criteria of the Ecodesign Directive valid from 2015 for energy-related products (ErP)

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

additional electric heater kW Single or Three phase

Nominal heating apacity kW c

Overview of all available models and their properties (for explanation of unit names, refer to the “Systematics” section)

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Overview of units Series

Nominal heating apacity kW c

additional electric heater kW Single or Three phase

* Devices have a high efficiency circulating pump and fulfil the criteria of the Ecodesign Directive valid from 2015 for energy-related products (ErP)

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Phase-out models C,D & E series Series

Nominal heating apacity kW c

additional electric heater kW Single or Three phase

Overview of all available models and their properties (for explanation of unit names, refer to the “Systematics” section)

Hydraulic decoupling for standard pumps and high-efficiency pumps

without differential p ressure control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Hydraulic decoupling for high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control . . . . . 95

Operating principles of the air / water heat pump

1.1 Operating principles of the air / water heat pump For comfortable living to be achieved, room temperatures should be slightly above 20 °C. This temperature deviates only slightly from the outside temperature during most of the year. In contrast to heating systems that utilise a boiler, which generates temperatures of several hundred degrees during the combustion process, a heat pump generates only the temperature that is needed. In doing so, the Aquarea air / water heat pump utilises the heat energy in the surrounding air to heat buildings and provide hot water. In other words, the system utilises the freely available environmental air. Electricity is needed only to operate the compressor, electronics, pumps and to operate the additional electric heater in the event of extremely low outside temperatures.

Operating principles of an air / water heat pump

Coefficient of Performance and performance factor

Ambient heat is brought up to a higher temperature level in a cyclical process. To do this, an environmentally compatible refrigerant undergoes four steps: • The refrigerant boils inside the evaporator where it is transformed from a liquidinto the gas state. During this step, heat is extracted from the surrounding air (figure 1 on the previous page). • Inside the compressor the pressure of the gaseous refrigerant is greatly increased. The temperature increases accordingly. This step occurs with the supply of electric energy (figure 2 on the previous page). • In the condenser, the gaseous refrigerant condenses and dissipates the latent heat of condensation to the heating water, whereby it cools down at the same time (figure 3 on the previous page). • The pressure of the liquid coolant drops suddenly when it passes through the expansion valve, causing its temperature to drop heavily and thus allowing it to once more absorb heat from the ambient environment (figure 5 on the previous page). This process is a continuous cycle and can be controlled by the inverter-plus technology of the Aquarea heat pump so that the current heat requirement is catered for. Reversing the cycle process causes the unit to act like a refrigerator. This allows Aquarea heat pumps to be used also for air conditioning.

1.2 Coefficient of Performance and performance factor The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of heat power output to the electrical power input and says something about the efficiency of the heat pump at a certain moment. Depending upon the outside temperature and the temperature of the generated heat, the COP of heat pumps will differ. It is generally the case that the coefficient of performance decreases in proportion with an increasing temperature difference between the outside temperature and the temperature of the heat generated. A comparison of the efficiency of different heat pumps is only possible at the same temperatures. COPs for air / water heat pumps are normally measured at the following temperatures: Outside temperature

Output flow temperature

(A stands for Air, W stands for Water)

Economical and environmentally friendly

Coefficient of performance = 5.08 (A7 / W35) For an outside temperature of 7 °C the air / water heat pump produces hot water at 35 °C at a COP of 5.08. Thus, 5.08 kilowatt-hours of heat energy can be generated from one kilowatt-hour of electrical energy. Performance factor is more meaningful than the COP, which represents the ratio of heat energy output to the electrical energy input over a certain period. The seasonal performance factor (SPF) is the ratio of heat energy output to the electrical enegy input over a one year period. It is obtained from heat and electricity meters and includes all aspects of the heat pump system. Similar to the coefficient of performance for the heating operation, the coefficient of performance for the cooling operation is defined as the ratio of heat power removed to the electrical power input. In contrast to COP, it is abbreviated with EER = energy efficiency ratio.

1.3 Economical and environmentally friendly More than 75 % of energy use in the household is used for heating and hot water. At the same time fuel prices (oil, gas, wood pellets) are subject to strong price fluctuations and are becoming increasingly more expensive. In contrast, an Aquarea heat pump utilises up to 80 % free ambient heat can be used. Electrical energy must be used only for the remaining 20 % of the heat pump operation. In comparison with a direct electric heater, the amount of electrical energy used for the same heat production is reduced down to a quarter. In comparison with fossil fuel based heating systems, the dependence on oil price and risky energy imports is therefore reduced. In addition, the share of renewable energy in electricity production today is already about 25 % in the UK and expected to rise. Besides the ambient heat, the electric energy used for heat pumps is increasingly derived from renewable energy sources. Besides low electricity use, a yearly oil or gas service is no longer required. Additionally, the investment costs for an Aquarea air / water heat pump are proportionally lower in comparison to other heating systems with natural gas connection, chimney, oil tank or boreholes. Aquarea heat pumps can optionally be operated also with cooling function and supplemented with a solar system. This allows comfort and efficiency to be increased further.

Economical and environmentally friendly

2 Conventional electric heating

5.08 kW Comparison of power consumption of an Aquarea heat pump to a direct electric heater for the same electricity input

Air to water heat pump heating installations can receive financial support via the UK Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (dRHI) and the non-domestic RHI. Current tariff rates can be found at www.ofgem.gov.uk. For equipment of less than 45 kW, it is also a requirement of these schemes that both equipment and installer be accredited with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) – www.microgenerationcertification.org Note

Panasonic offers a free program for sizing heat pumps with which the seasonal performance factor can be calculated according to VDI 4650, the Aquarea Designer (see the “Panasonic Aquarea Designer” section in the planning chapter). Please see www.microgenerationcertification.org for details of how to apply for MCS accreditation.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Heat pump system Heat source

Smooth and efficient operation of the heat pump system requires careful design and

Kompaktgerät Kühlen Air as a heat source is available everywhere and can be utilised without limit by means of an air-heat exchanger in combination with fans at very low expense. However, the outside temperature fluctuates significantly in the course of the year and is inversely proportional to the heat requirement. This means that the most heat must be generated when the heat source is at its coldest state. This must be accounted for during the planning phase so that the required internal temperatures are always achieved. Likewise the noise of the fans and air flow must be considered by ensuring minimum distances from neighbouring plots as well as by selecting a suitable installation location.

Heat pump Function and properties, operating mode

2.2 Heat pump 2.2.1 Function and properties

Aquarea LT The heat pump as the core piece of the heat pump system was developed by Panasonic in three different series. In this manner, individual requirements for the heat supply of buildings should be considered with each series’ properties in mind: High COP

up to -15°C AQUAREA T-CAP TOTAL CAPACITY HEAT PUMP Ideal for low-temperature heat emitters or underfloor heating systems; also for radiators. For high temperature radiators (e.g. radiators in the refurbishment context), Aquarea HT can supply a water temperature of 65 °C without assistance even at outside temperatures of -15 °C. For applications at which the kW output capacity should be kept constant even at outside temperatures of -7 or -15 °C. It is ensured that even under extremely low outside temperatures sufficient capacity is always at disposal for heating the house without assistance from other heat generators. With the exception of the HT series, all models are available with cooling mode. Furthermore, Aquarea heat pumps are available in 2 version: Monobloc (the whole unit outdoors) or Bi-Bloc (indoor and outdoor unit) (for details see the chapter 3).

2.2.2 Operating mode

It is generally true that the larger the difference between outside temperature and the temperature of the generated heat, the lower the performance factor of the heat pump. Since high temperature differences occur extremely rarely with correctly designed heat pump systems in the course of the year, temporary heating with an additional electric heater is often accepted. Alternatively to an additional electric heater, it is possible to work with an alternative heat generator like a condensing boiler or a stove with a back boiler. The four different operating modes are: 1. Monovalent operating mode Heat pump serves as the sole heat generator. 2. Mono-energetic operating mode Electricity is used to operate a heat pump and additional electrical heater ( electric heat pump + additional electric heater for peak load). 3. Bivalent alternative operating mode A second heat generator supplies the property using a further energy source, under certain conditions (e.g. stove with back boiler instead of heat pump for outside temperatures < -5 °C).

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Heat pump system Heat utilisation Heating

4. Bivalent parallel operating mode Besides the heat pump, a second heat generator is used using a further energy source. Both heat generators are operated simultaneously (e.g. heat pump + condensing boiler for outside temperatures < 0 °C). Note

When the heat pump is operated in connection with an additional electric heater in mono-energetic mode, the additional electric heater should cover a maximum of 15 % of the heat requirement. If your system must comply with the UK Microgeneration Certification Scheme’s MIS 3005 document, an additional electric heater should be only designed to operate for space heating for the coldest 1 % of the year.

2.3 Heat utilisation 2.3.1 Heating

In contrast to heat generators such as boilers that produce water supply temperatures of over 80 °C, the maximum water supply temperature of the Aquarea heat pump is limited at 55 °C or 65 °C for Aquarea HT. This must be accounted for during the designing of heat emitter circuits. Underfloor heating is ideal with a heat pump as the floor is a large emitter area and therefore you can use a low temperature to heat the room. Fan convectors have the advantage of good heat dissipation to the indoor air and are easily controllable, with the advantage of using a lower temperature than standard radiators to heat the room. At the same time they can be used for either heating or cooling operation. When radiators are used, they should be planned likewise with a low design temperature of e.g. 45 °C in order to ensure a high efficiency of the heat pump system. An additional electric heater of 3 to 9 kW caters for sustained heating comfort even under very low outside temperatures, due to the mono-energetic mode. A bivalent operation in combination with an external heater is a possible alternative. The Aquarea heat pump is provided with an outside temperature dependent control of the supply water temperature and can activate a heating circuit in connection with a room thermostat. The control of further heating circuits can occur via an additional heating circuit controller or an overriding system controller on site.

To comply with UK subsidy requirments for sub-45 kW appliances, the document “Heat Emitter Guide” should also be consulted: www.microgenerationcertification.org

The Aquarea heat pump has a water heating operation integrated within the control system. Upon demand, the water heating operation is switched on and heats the hot water tank via a 3-way directional valve. Since the required temperature for water heating in general lies above the temperature of the heating operation over the year, the coefficient of performance (COP) is low in the water heating mode in comparison to the heating mode. For efficiency reasons, the hot water storage temperature is therefore set below 60 °C. A hot water temperature of 45 to 50 °C is sufficient for normal applications and is not at all connected with reduced comfort. However with lower stored temperatures, attention must be paid to the danger of legionella which especially thrive within the range 30 to 45 °C. The Panasonic hot water cyinders are equipped with an electric immersion heater which can be activated for legionella control, on a periodic timer basis. Aquarea heat pumps can be combined easily with solar thermal installations, which can largely take over water heating in the summer months.

The requirments for the control of legionella propagation in the workplace are described in HSE guide L8

When using the Panasonic hot water tank, the quality of water must comply with the potable water directive 98/83/EC. When the chloride and sulphate content exceeds 250 mg / l, water treatment is required. For values above 250 mg / l the guarantee expires. Water regulations must be considered at all times when installing an Aquarea heat pump.

Depending on the product series, the cooling mode can be manually switched via the control panel/remote control or is automatically switched at defined temperature points. Depending on the product series, switching over to heating mode occurs manually at the end of the cooling period or automatically at the defined temperature thresholds. Room cooling is possible by means of radiant panels such as underfloor, wall or ceiling cooling systems or particularly via fan convectors. Individual heating circuits that are not suitable for the cooling operation can be deactivated by a control system via a 2-way directional valve. For all transfer systems, it is possible for the temperature to fall below the dew point, which can result in condensation in the cooling mode, with high relative humidity. This must be ruled out particularly with radiant panels, via a dew-point sensor, the supply water temperature must be raised through mixing with the return flow, or the cooling mode must be switched off in an emergency. Fan convectors can be operated with much lower supply water temperatures in comparison to radiant panels in the cooling mode and therefore have greater cooling capacities. However, fan convectors for the cooling mode must always be provided with a condensate drain and piping with closed-cell insulation.

In the cooling mode, condensation of moisture in the air can occur on the surface of the heat transfer systems when the temperature falls below the dew point. This can lead to damage to the building or to the danger of slipping on floor surfaces. The temperature falling below the dew point must therefore be avoided by means of suitably placed dew point sensors or the condensate occurring must be drained safely. The affected piping must be insulated fully against this condensation risk.

2.4 Systematics and overview 2.4.1 Systematics For easy and clear categorisation of different Aquarea models, a key is used, from which the models with their respective specific properties and functions can be read. Example

Systematics of hyrdomodule (Indoore unit Bi-Bloc)

The WH-MDC05F3E5 is a compact heat pump unit (M), in the LT series (D), with a cooling function (C), a rated power of 5 kW (05), of the generation F (F), for the European market (E), with a single-phase voltage supply (5).

WH: air / water heat pump S: Split unit D: Aquarea LT, X: Aquarea T-CAP, H: Aquarea HT F: Only heating, C: Heating and cooling 2 Nominal heating capacity (03 to 16: 3 to 16 kW 1) C, D, E, F: Generation Capacity of the additional electric heater (3: 3 kW, 6: 6 kW, 9: 9 kW) Market (E: Europe) Electricity supply (5: single phase, 8: three phase)

The available power classes differ depending on the respective series. The table at the start of the document provides an overview of the power classes for each individual series.

The units of the Aquarea HT series can only be used for heating mode and do not have a cooling mode.

WH: Air / water heat pump U: Split unit D: Aquarea LT, X: Aquarea T-CAP1, H: Aquarea HT Nominal heating capacity (03 to 16: 3 to 16 kW 1) C, D, E, F: Generation Market (E: Europe) Voltage supply (5: single phase, 8: three phase)

M D C WH: Air / water heat pump M: Monobloc unit D: Aquarea LT, X: Aquarea T-CAP, H: Aquarea HT F: Only heating, C: Heating and cooling 2 Nominal heating capacity (05 bis 16: 3 bis 16 kW 1) C, D, E, F: Generation Capacity of the additional electric heater (3: 3 kW, 6: 6 kW, 9: 9 kW) Market (E: Europe) Electricity supply (5: single phase, 8: three phase)

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The available power classes differ depending on the respective series. The table at the start of the document provides an overview of the power classes for each individual series.

The units of the Aquarea HT series can only be used for heating mode and do not have a cooling mode.

The Aquarea heat pump system has three different series which are again available in several model variants. This allows the best possible consideration of the individual heating requirements and climate control requirements of buildings with Aquarea heat pumps.

Aquarea HT Bi-Bloc system

• Heating and cooling or heating

• Nominal heating capacity (3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14 or 16 kW) • Capacity of additional electric heater (3, 6 or 9 kW) • Electric connection (single phase or three phase)

Overview of series and model variants

The variety of properties and functions of the Aquarea heat pumps leads to a large number of different model variants, which often only differ from one another through small differences like the capacity of the additional electric heater. Externally viewed, the units are nearly similar apart from distinctive differences like the monobloc or bi-bloc system and they can therefore be described together with regard to many properties. Relevant differences are pinpointed at an appropriate point.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

The Aquarea heat pump models are configured so that a suitable model is available for all typical applications. All models are listed with their properties and functions in the table at the beginning of the Design Handbook. As shown in the overview tables the available systems differ externally, especially between the monobloc systems and bi-bloc systems, and the units are equipped with one or two fans depending on the rated power.

The Aquarea series differ through their maximum supply water temperature and capacity stability at very low outside temperatures as follows:

Aquarea LT Maximum supply water temperature: 55 °C Capacity at very low outside temperatures: kW heating capacity varies

Aquarea T-CAP Maximum supply water temperature: 55 °C Capacity at very low outside temperatures: Heating capacity is constant up to -15 °C at 35 °C output water temperature

Aquarea HT Maximum supply water temperature: 65 °C Capacity at very low outside temperatures: Heating capacity is constant up to -15 °C at 35 °C output water temperature 12

-15 °C Heating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of the Aquarea LT Aquarea T-CAP and Aquarea HT series with 12 kW at different outside temperatures and a supply water temperature of 35 ˚C and a return water temperature of 30 ˚C.

5 Difference between Bi-Bloc system (left) and monobloc system (right)

The bi-bloc system consists of a freely installed outdoor unit and a hydromodule that is normally installed in the installation room or in a different frost-free room. In the case of this design, the two units are connected by means of refrigerant piping, in which there is no danger of freezing. The heat pump is controlled by means of the controller on the hydromodule.

The Monobloc system consists of only one unit that is installed outdoors. Refrigerant piping is not required for the installation, it is connected directly to the heating system. Monobloc systems are easy to install, but need more space. Moreover, the water within the heating system is in danger of freezing due to power failure or when the power supplier cuts off the supply. The heat pump is operated via a wired remote control that is mounted inside the building and is connected to the Monobloc unit by means of a 15-metre long cable.

The Monobloc system is in danger of freezing when the heating circuit is filled with water and the outside temperature decreases below +4 °C! This can lead to substantial damage to the unit.

Freedom from frost must be ensured within the heating system through one of the following options: 1. The heating circuit is operated with a foodgrade frost protection mixture (propylene glycol).

2. An auxiliary electric heater inside the Monobloc unit prevents the heating circuit from freezing. 3. The heating circuit is emptied via an owner-provided device (manually or automatically).

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Product features

Products, functions and technical data

Specific hydromodules and outdoor units are supplied together as a set, as each set is fine tuned to work together. Different hydromodules and outdoor units can not thus be combined arbitrarily. The Aquarea Bi-Bloc system consists of the hydromodule (indoor) and an outdoor unit. For all typical applications a suitable Aquarea Bi-Bloc system model consisting of hydro-module and outdoor unit is available.

3.1.1 Product features Energy efficiency and environmental friendliness

• up to 80 % energy extraction from ambient air for a greater energy efficiency • maximum COP of 5.00 for single phase 3 kW model for A7 / W35 • inverter technology allows controllable output of the unit and contributes to energy saving • environmentally compatible refrigerant (R410A with Aquarea LT and T-CAP and R407C with Aquarea HT), does no damage to the ozone layer • All units from generation E onwards are equipped with high-efficiency pumps

High level of comfort

• optimum control by means of room thermostats (room thermostats not supplied) • models for heating mode as well as heating and cooling mode are available • optimised capacity depending on the return water temperature • integrated control of the hot water tank and heating system • 24-hour timer with operating mode control

• operation and control on the hydromodule • simple programming via the controller • Aquarea hydromodule is equipped for safety reasons with:

- 2 FI RCD circuit breakers with 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14 and 16 kW units - 3 FI RCD circuit breakers with 12, 14 and 16 kW units (Phase-out models)

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Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Product features

Easy maintenance and assembly

• compact design • easy control of the water pressure through a gauge in the front casing • easy to open - hydromodule and outdoor unit • flexible assembly due to long piping • piping up to 30 metres with a height difference up to 20 metres (for models up to 9 kW) • piping up to 40 metres with a height difference of up to 30 metres (for models with 12 to 16 kW) • the piping connection to the outdoor units can occur in four directions (front, rear, side, bottom) Outside temperature (°C) 43

valid for models with cooling mode

If the outside temperatures drop below the specified value, the heating capacity decreases significantly. This can lead to the shutdown of the unit due to internal safety functions.

Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Hydromodule

1 Electronic printed circuit board 2 Controller 3 Safety valve

8 Cabinet front plate

a Supply water Ø R 1¼

connection (6.4 to 9.5 mm)

12 Additional electric heater

6 Water circulation pump

(Illustration shows a high-efficiency pump without differential pressure control)

e Supply water Ø R 1¼

13 10 L Expansion vessel 14 Cable passage

7 FI RCD circuit breakers (differs from

model to model, see Detail A)

Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Hydromodule

Phase-out models C & D series

1 Electronic printed circuit board

a Supply water Ø R 1¼

b Gas side refrigerant

9 Cabinet front plate

12 Overload protection (differs from

c Liquid side refrigerant

connection (6.4 to 9.5 mm)

one model to the other, see Detail B)

6 3-stage water circulation pump

13 Additional electric heater (3, 6 and / or 9 kW)

(Figure shows standard pump)

7 FI RCD circuit breakers (differs from

model to model, see Detail A)

connection (19.1 mm)

d Water drain e Supply water Ø R 1¼

B Different electric heating and

overload protection elements

single and three phase, 3 to 9 kW

single and three phase, 12 to 16 kW

single phase, 7 to 9 kW

single phase, 12 to 16 kW

three phase, 12 to 16 kW

and single phase 3 to 5 kW Detail A (left) and B (right) of the components of hydromodule

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Hydromodule

Dimensional drawing for hydromodule 502

1 Front view 2 Side view

Dimensions of hydromodule in mm

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Outdoor unit

Dimensional drawing for outdoor unit with one fan (3 and 5 kW)

Dimensions of outdoor unit with one fan (3 and 5 kW) in mm. The air flow is depicted by arrows.

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Outdoor unit

Dimensional drawing for outdoor unit with one fan (7 and 9 kW)

1 Front view 2 Side view

Dimensions of outdoor unit with one fan (7 and 9 kW) in mm. The air flow is depicted by arrows.

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Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Outdoor unit

Dimensional drawing for outdoor unit with two fans

1 Front view 2 Side view

Dimensions of outdoor unit with two fans in mm. The air flow is depicted by arrows.

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Technical data

Power consumption A7 / W35

Coefficient of performance A7 / W35

Heating capacity A2 / W55

Power consumption A2 / W55

Coefficient of performance A2 / W55

Power consumption A35 / W7

Coefficient of performance (EER) A35 / W7

Dimensions (H × W × D)

Water-side connection

Power consumption A-15 / W35

Power consumption A-7 / W35

Heating capacity A2 / W35

Power consumption A2 / W35

kW Coefficient of performance A2 / W35 Heating capacity A7 / W35

Pump – speed stepping

Pump – power consumption (max.)

Volumetric flow rate of heating circuit for A7 / W35 / 30

Safety valve (open / closed)

Capacity of the additional electric heater

kW Power consumption (heating / cooling)

Operation and starting current (heating / cooling)

Power supply 1 (current consumption)

Power supply 1 (frequency / voltage)

Hz / V Power supply 2 (current consumption)

A Power supply 2 (frequency / voltage)

Panasonic measurement data in accordance with EN 14511-2. The data is to be considered as guidance values and not as a performance guarantee * Devices have a high efficiency pump and fulfil the criteria of the Ecodesign Directive valid from 2015 for energy-related products (ErP) 1 Preliminary data

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Technical data

Air flow rate (heating / cooling)

Fan speed, bottom (heating / cooling)

Fan speed, top (heating / cooling)

Sound pressure level1

Dimensions (H × W × D)

Pre-filled pipe length

Additional refrigerant filling

Operating range (outside temperature)

Operating range (supply water temp. (H / C)

Measured value in 1 m distance and in 1.5 m height Preliminary data 3 Measured as per BS EN 12102 1 2

Technical data of the Bi-Bloc system units

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Technical data

single phase three phase

Measured value in 1 m distance and in 1.5 m height Preliminary data 3 Measured as per BS EN 12102 1 2

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Products, functions and technical data Phase-out models C,D & E series

Power consumption A-15 / W35

Power consumption A-7 / W35

Heating capacity A2 / W35

Power consumption A2 / W35

Coefficient of performance A2 / W35

Heating capacity A7 / W35

Power consumption A7 / W35

Coefficient of performance A7 / W35

Heating capacity A2 / W55

Power consumption A2 / W55

Coefficient of performance A2 / W55

Power consumption A35 / W7

Coefficient of performance (EER) A35 / W7

Dimensions (H × W × D)

Water-side connection

Pump – speed stepping

Pump – power consumption (max.)

W Volumetric flow rate of heating circuit for A7 / W35 / 30

Safety valve (open / closed)

Capacity of the additional electric heater

kW Power consumption (heating / cooling)

Operation and starting current (heating / cooling)

Power supply 1 (current consumption)

Power supply 1 (frequency / voltage)

Hz / V Power supply 2 (current consumption)

A Power supply 2 (frequency / voltage)

Hz / V Power supply 3 (current consumption)

A Power supply 3 (frequency / voltage)

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Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Technical data

Phase-out models C,D & E series

three phase WH-SHF12D9E8

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Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Technical data

Phase-out models C,D & E series

WH-UD14CE5-A WH-UD16CE5-A

Fan speed, top (heating / cooling)

Fan speed, bottom (heating / cooling)

Air flow rate (heating / cooling)

Dimensions (H × W × D)

Pre-filled pipe length

Additional refrigerant filling

Operating range (outside temperature)

Operating range (supply water temp. (H / C)

Measured value in 1 m distance and in 1.5 m height

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Bi-Bloc system Technical data

Phase-out models C,D & E series

Aquarea LT Aquarea T-CAP WH-UX09DE5

20 -20 to 35 25 to 55 / 5 to 20

Products, functions and technical data Monobloc system

3.2 Monobloc system The monobloc system consists of one unit that is installed outdoors and can be connected directly to the heating circuit. Control is by means of a wired controller inside the building. Attention

the monobloc system is in danger of freezing when the heating circuit is filled with water and the outside temperature decreases below 0 °C! This can lead to substantial damage to the unit. Freedom from frost must be ensured within the heating system through one of the following options: 1. The heating circuit is operated with a foodgrade frost protection mixture (propylene glycol).

2. An auxiliary electric heater inside the Monobloc unit prevents the heating circuit from freezing. 3. The heating circuit is emptied via an owner-provided device (manually or automatically). Energy efficiency and environmental friendliness

• Up to 80 % energy extraction from the ambient air for greater energy efficiency • Maximum COP (coefficient of performance) of 5.08 for single-phase 5 kW model for A7 / W35 • inverter technology allows controllable output of the unit and contributes to energy saving • environmentally compatible refrigerant (R410A with Aquarea LT and T-CAP and R407C with Aquarea HT), does no damage to the ozone layer • individual devices also available with a high efficiency pump

High level of comfort

• optimum control by means of room thermostats (room thermostats not supplied) • models for heating mode as well as heating and cooling mode are available (Aquarea HT series is only available for heating mode) • optimised capacity depending on the return water temperature • integrated control of the hot water tank and heating system • 24-hour timer with operating mode control

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Products, functions and technical data Monobloc system

• control is by means of a wired controller inside the building (15 m cable) • simple programming via the controller • Aquarea monobloc unit is equipped for safety reasons with FI-circuit breakers: - 2 FI RCD circuit breakers for 5, 6 and 9 kW units

- 3 FI RCD circuit breakers for 12, 14 and 16 kW units only required on Phase-out models C,D & E series

Easy maintenance and assembly

• Monobloc system, no special space requirement inside the building, no refrigerant connections • easy opening of the unit for maintenance work

Cooling mode1 Heating mode 1

valid for models with cooling mode

valid for Aquarea HT If the outside temperatures drop below the specified value, the heating capacity decreases significantly. This can lead to the shutdown of the unit due to internal safety functions.

Products, functions and technical data Monobloc system Monobloc unit

Component name 1 Electronic printed circuit board

(view without top cabinet plate)

a Return water pipe Ø R 1¼

b Supply water pipe Ø R 1¼

8 Front plate 9 Top cabinet plate

(view without cover)

10 Overload protection (differs from

3 Flow rate cut-out 4 Monometer (water pressure gauge) 5 3-stage water circulation pump

(Figure shows standard pump)

6 FI RCD breakers (differs from

model to model, see Detail A)

one model to the other, see Detail B)

11 Additional electric heater (3, 6 and / or 9 kW) 12 Expansion vessel 13 Cover 14 Deaeration

Components of the Monobloc unit with two fans

single phase, 6 and 9 kW single phase, 12 to 16 kW ONLY ON Phase-out models C & D series three phase,

single phase, 12 to 16 kW

9 to 16 kW Detail A (left) and B (right) of the components of the monobloc unit with two fans

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Products, functions and technical data Monobloc system Monobloc unit

2 Side view 3 Back view

Dimensions of Monobloc unit with one fan in mm. The air flow is depicted by arrows.

Dimensional drawing for Monobloc unit with 9 to 16 kW nominal capacity 1283

2 Side view 3 Back view

Dimensions of Monobloc unit with two fans in mm. The air flow is depicted by arrows.

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Products, functions and technical data

Heating capacity A-15 / W35 Power consumption A-15 / W35 Coefficient of performance A-15 / W35 Heating capacity A-7 / W35 Power consumption A-7 / W35 Coefficient of performance A-7 / W35 Heating capacity A2 / W35 Power consumption A2 / W35 Coefficient of performance A2 / W35 Heating capacity A7 / W35 Power consumption A7 / W35 Coefficient of performance A7 / W35 Heating capacity A2 / W55 Power consumption A2 / W55 Coefficient of performance A2 / W55 Cooling capacity A35 / W7 Power consumption A35 / W7 Coefficient of performance (EER) A35 / W7 Sound pressure level 1

Fan speed, top (heating / cooling) Fan speed, bottom (heating / cooling) Air flow rate (heating / cooling) Dimensions (H × W × D) Weight Water-side connection

Pump – speed stepping

8.74 3.78 2.31 11.02 3.9 2.82 11.88 3.45 3.44 11.8 2.68 4.4 9.1 4.18 2.18 – 10.0 – 3.6 – 2.78 50 63

Operating range (outside temperature)

-20 to 35 / 16 to 43

Operating range (supply water temp. (H / C)

Pump – power consumption (max.) Volumetric flow rate of heating circuit for A7 / W35 / 30 Minimum circulation Safety valve (open / closed) Capacity of the additional electric heater Power consumption (heating / cooling) Operation and starting current (heating / cooling) Power supply 1 (current consumption) Power supply 1 (frequency / voltage) Power supply 2 (current consumption) Power supply 2 (frequency / voltage) Power supply 3 (current consumption) Power supply 3 (frequency / voltage)

Products, functions and technical data Monobloc system Technical data

single phase WH-MDC14C9E8

Products, functions and technical data Accessories Hot water tank

3.3 Accessories 3.3.1 Hot water tank

The hot water tank is used for the storage of domestic hot water before use. In addition to the tank being heated from the Aquarea heat pump, it is also possible to utilise solar heat from a connected solar thermal installation. Furthermore, an electric immersion heater with a capacity of 3 kW ensures hot water supply at very low outside temperatures and can also be used for Legionella control. Panasonic offers a total of three different tank models in different sizes (180 to 400 L) for easy water heating for different requirements: For easy installation and integration of all Aquarea tank models into the heat pump system, the following components are supplied with the Aquarea tank: • Three port motorised valve • Tank temperature sensor (6 m cable) • Cold water inlet PRV combination valve/expansion relief • Pressure and temperature relief valve • Control thermostat • Energy cut-out thermostat • Energy cut-out motorised valve (indirects only) • Tundish • 3 kW Immersion heater including control and cut out thermostats • Expansion vessel/mounting bracket/flexible hose • Technical/user product literature Aquarea is a range of unvented hot water storage cylinders, manufactured in the latest high quality duplex stainless steel. They are designed to provide mains pressure hot water and are supplied as a package which complies with Section G3 of the Building Regulations. The appliance is extremely well insulated using high density HCFC free foam insulation with an ozone depleting potential (ODP) of zero and a global warming potential (GWP) of 1. It is fitted with all necessary safety devices and supplied with all the necessary control devices to make installation on site as easy as possible.

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Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Accessories Aquarea Heat Pump cylinders

Aquarea Heat Pump (HP) cylinders

The Aquarea HP cylinder is an unvented hot water storage cylinder fitted with two high efficiency internal primary heat exchangers especially designed for use with heat pump systems. These two heat exchangers must be connected in parallel to the heat pump circuit when a solar thermal system is not installed, as shown below. When both heat pump and solar thermal systems are installed, the top heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump circuit and the bottom heat exchanger is connected to the solar circuit as shown below. All Aquarea HP cylinders are fitted with 3 kW (230 Vac, 50 Hz) immersion heater for raising the temperature of the stored water to above 50/60 °C after the heat pump heating cycle (if necessary). The Aquarea HP remote controller will boost when required and control sterilisation on a weekly basis. Please refer to the heat pump manual for further details.

1. All Aquarea HP cylinders are suitable for both open vented and sealed primary systems. Minimum 5 m H2O working pressure. 2. When used with a sealed primary heating system, the heat pump must incorporate its own over heat thermostat. 3. Aquarea HP cylinders must not be used with solid fuel boilers or steam as the heat source. 4. Heat pumps can normally only heat the domestic hot water to between 45 – 50/60 °C. The Aquarea heat pump remote controller will operate a cylinder sterilisation on a weekly basis. See heat pump manual for further details. 5. The cold supply elbow c/w drain tapping must be fitted. A flexible hose can then be connected to the drain tapping and providing the hose runs below the lowest level of the cylinder, then all the water content can be drained out by the symphonic action.

Aquarea Heat Pump (HP) Slimline models

The Aquarea HP Slimline cylinder is an unvented hot water storage cylinder fitted with a 3 m² high efficiency coil. The coil has a low pressure loss due to it being a multiple pass coil which enable high flow rates to be achieved through it. In addition due to the coil being corrugated the heat transfer rate is higher than that of plain tube coil. The cylinder has been specifically designed for heat pump applications. It incorporates an immersion heater at the base of the unit which enables pasteurisation of the water. This should be done on a regular basis in line with HWA guidance. The Aquarea heat pump controller handles this operation. It has been designed on a slimline basis to enable it to fit into tighter locations.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Products, functions and technical data Accessories Aquarea Heat Pump cylinders

ASLPAN180HP Capacity – total volume Volume heated by IH Dedicated solar volume Standing heat loss rate Weight – empty/full Pressure regulating valve setting Expansion relief valve setting Temperature setting (P&T valve) Pressure setting (P&T valve) Expansion vessel size (volume) Expansion vessel initial charge pressure Height Diameter 22 mm secondary return 22 mm compression cold feed P&T valve 22 mm solar return – bottom coil 22 mm solar flow – bottom coil 28 mm primary return – top coil 28 mm primary flow – top coil Dual CT & OHT pocket – 1 top Dual CT & OHT pocket – 2 bottom Solar sensor pocket – 1 top Solar sensor pocket – 2 bottom 3 kW immersion heater height Surface area of solar heater coil Solar coil pressure loss 1 Primary heat exchanger surface area Primary heat exchanger thermal rating 1 Primary heat exchanger pressure loss 1 Heat up time from 15 °C to 60 °C 2 Recovery time after 70 % draw-off 2 1 Measured at 0.25 l/s primary flow rate

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H K All connections are supplied with compression fittings for direct connection to copper pipework.

A Recovery times based on Primary Coil/I.H. duty (ie. assumes the boiler output is adequate).

Products, functions and technical data Accessories Aquarea Heat Pump cylinders

Aquarea Slimline HP cylinder

ASLPAN180HPSL Capacity – total volume Volume heated by IH Dedicated solar volume Standing heat loss rate Weight – empty/full Pressure regulating valve setting Expansion relief valve setting Temperature setting (P&T valve) Pressure setting (P&T valve) Expansion vessel size (volume) Expansion vessel initial charge pressure Height Diameter 22 mm secondary return 22 mm compression cold feed P&T valve 22 mm solar return 22 mm solar flow 28 mm primary return 28 mm primary flow HP control thermostat Dual CT & OHT pocket Solar sensor pocket – 1 top Solar sensor pocket – 2 bottom 3 kW immersion heater height Surface area of solar heater coil Solar coil pressure loss 1 Primary heat exchanger surface area Primary heat exchanger thermal rating 1 Primary heat exchanger pressure loss 1 Heat up time from 15 °C to 60 °C 2 Recovery time after 70 % draw-off 2 1 Measured at 0.25 l/s primary flow rate

E C All connections are supplied with compression fittings for direct connection to copper pipework.

P& T A Recovery times based on Primary Coil/I.H. duty (ie. assumes the boiler output is adequate).

Products, functions and technical data Accessories Aquarea Heat Pump cylinder

Hot water draw off (22 mm) compression

Temperature & pressure relief valve 92 – 95°/6 bar

Hot water secondary return 22 mm (not fitted to smaller sizes, see table 1)

Immersion heater 1¾” BSP 3kW

Primary flow (28 mm)

Solar coil return to panel collector (22 mm) compression

Solar coil flow from panel (22 mm) compression

Part G3 loose components supplied in a separate box

A Typical arrangement of component

kit shown fitted to the appliance for clarity. Pipework to be supplied and fitted by installer.

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Combination inlet group incorporating pressure reducing valve, strainer, check valve, balance cold take off point, expansion relief valve and expansion vessel connection points.

B Potable expansion vessels c/w flexible hose and wall bracket

D Dual control thermostat and combined overheat thermostat (× 2)

E Three port motorised valve for primary circuit

F Wiring junction box for primary system

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Accessories Aquarea Heat Pump Slimline

Aquarea HP Slimline 1

Hot water draw off (22 mm) compression

Hot water secondary return 22 mm (210 litre model only)

Primary flow (28 mm)

Dual control / Overheat stat

Typical arrangement of component

kit shown fitted to the appliance for clarity. Pipework to be supplied and fitted by installer.

Combination inlet group incorporating pressure reducing valve, strainer, check valve, balance cold take off point, expansion relief valve and expansion vessel connection points.

B Potable expansion vessels c/w flexible hose and wall bracket

D Dual control thermostat and combined overheat thermostat (× 2)

E Three port motorised valve for primary circuit

F Wiring junction box for primary system

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Products, functions and technical data Accessories Configuration without solar fitted

Configuration without solar fitted

Schematic Open Vented Primary System Warming/Overflow Pipe

Schematic Open Vented Primary System (Slimline models) Warming/Overflow Pipe

Minimum distance as required by heat pump manufacturers instructions

Schematic Sealed Primary System

Safety Valve, Expansion Vessel, Gauge and Pump within Heat Pump

Schematic Sealed Primary System (Slimline models)

Safety Valve, Expansion Vessel, Gauge and Pump within Heat Pump

Aquarea HP cylinder without solar heating system

Aquarea Slimline HP cylinder without solar heating system Hot Outlet

Hot Outlet Secondary Return Circuit

Secondary Return Circuit

Balanced Cold Outlets

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data

Accessories Configuration with solar fitted | General Design Considerations

Aquarea HP system configuration with solar thermal heating system

PRV Domestic hot water and cold water pipes not shown for clarity

Solar pumping station

Primary circuit sealed system kit, PRV and System Pump within Heat Pump Solar circuit zone valve

Central heating flow and return

If Aquarea HP components are used please refer to their manufacturers instructions for further details

Aquarea HP cylinder with solar heating system Hot Outlet

Secondary Return Circuit

P&T Relief Valve Pump Non Return Valve

Heat Pump Flow Heat Pump Return

Expansion Vessel Balanced Cold Outlets

ERV NRV PRV Combination Valve

General Design Considerations

The cupboard footprint needs to be at least 650mm square for units up to 300 litres, 730 mm for 400 litre units. The base chosen for the cylinder should be level and capable of supporting the weight of the unit when full of water as shown in General Data. The discharge pipework for the safety valves must have a minimum fall of 1 : 200 from the unit to a safe discharge point. All exposed pipework and fittings on the cylinder should be insulated, and the unit should NOT be fixed in a location where the contents could freeze. In replacement systems, whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system, any pipes that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated as recommended for new systems, or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Products, functions and technical data Accessories

Combination Valve I.V.

If two Aquareas are coupled together the secondary inlet and outlet pipes must be balanced. The units must be fitted on the same level.

No valves must be fitted between the expansion vessel and the storage cylinder(s).

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Products, functions and technical data Accessories Extras

Panasonic offers special accessories for easy combination of Aquarea heat pumps with tanks or solar thermal systems already existing in the building. Likewise an auxiliary heater unit is available, which prevents the formation of ice on the outdoor units, which blocks air movement.

CZ-NS1P Add-on circuit board for solar connection (bi-bloc systems)

CZ-NS2P Add-on circuit board for solar connection (monobloc systems)

CZ-NS3P Add-on circuit board for solar connection (mini monobloc systems)

Temperature sensor installation set for third party tanks

Tank sensor with 6 m cable

Tank sensor with 20 m cable

CZ-NE1P Base pan heater for the Aquarea T-CAP and Aquarea HT series and mini monobloc units in the Aquarea LT series (not for 3 kW and 5 kW units)

CZ-NE2P Base pan heater for 3 kW and 5 kW units

CZ-NE3P Base pan heater for all F generation units: F3, F6 and F9

Circuit board provides commu nication between the solar station (on-site customer unit) and the Aquarea controller

Tank sensor with 6 m cable and immersion sleeve for installation in third party tanks

Heating tape fitted in the unit housing (outdoor unit) on the base plate to prevent the water formed on defrosting from freezing

The additional PCB for the solar thermal connection does not replace the solar controller, but rather serves as a means of communication and optimisation. To combine Aquarea heat pumps with a solar thermal installation, a separate solar controller (to be provided by the customer) is required in addition to the additional PCB. This option is required for single coil heat pump cylinders without the option of a solar coil inside the cylinder.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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Closed-loop control Design | Functions Basic functions

4.2.1 Basic functions

The operation and programming of the Aquarea heat pump takes place in a simple manner by means of the controller on the hydromodule (Bi-Bloc system) and / or by means of the wired remote control (Monobloc system) within the building. The controller (Bi-Bloc) and wired remote controller (Monobloc) are similar in design and are provided with an LCD-display for the indication of essential operating parameters. Clearly arranged keys are used for the operation of these controllers.

All basic functions for the operation of the Aquarea heat pump are included in the controller. Furthermore, the controller is provided with other functions that can be activated upon demand. For the combination of the Aquarea heat pump with external devices, e.g. a solar thermal installation or a room thermostat, the controller offers the required interfaces which if necessary can be used in combination with other accessories. • Automatic control of supply water temperature for the operating modes heating, heating + water heating, water heating, cooling + water heating or cooling depending on the outside temperature, the preset values and the current operating conditions. • At the same time, the valves are switched from heating and / or cooling to water heating and thus deactivating the heating circuits in cooling mode. • Electric immersion heater and additional electric heater – when activated – are automatically switched on e.g. for quick heat-up of the hot water tank or for supporting the heat pump during extremely low outside temperatures.

Structure of the new F generation units

1 OFF / ON-LED Illuminates during operation and flashes upon occurrence of an error

Symbol is displayed when an external room thermostat is connected and activated

Symbol is displayed when an external solar thermal installation is connected and activated

4 FORCE display Symbol is displayed when the FORCE mode is activated (additional electric heater can heat)

Symbol is displayed when the additional electric heater is activated (additional electric heater can heat) 6 TANK display Symbol will be shown during the hot water mode (Aquarea heat pump heating the tank)

14 BOOSTER display Symbol is displayed when the electric immersion heater in the hot water tank is in operation 15 QUIET display

Symbol will be shown when the quiet mode is activated

Symbol will be displayed when parameters in the settings are set

Symbol will be shown during the cooling mode (Aquarea heat pump cooling) Symbol will be shown during the heating mode (Aquarea heat pump heating) 9 AUTO display Symbol is shown during automatic operation

17 STATUS display Symbol will be displayed when values are depicted in the status menu 18 SERVICE display Symbol is displayed in service mode

19 OFF / ON key Starts or stops the operation of the unit

Shows the setting of the 24-hour timer for each weekday with clock

Serves for setting the operation mode: Heating, Heating + Hot water, Hot water, Cooling + Hot water or Cooling

Shows the current outside temperature 12 WATER OUTLET display Shows the current output water temperature of the Aquarea heat pump 13 HEATER display Symbol is displayed when the additional electric heater is in operation

21 STATUS keys For checking the system status (compressor frequency, fault history, return water temperature, tank tem perature)

22 SERVICE key For the activation of the circulation pump and the pump down operation 23 HEATER key For activating the additional electric heater 24 ERROR RESET key For the reset of the remote controller or wired remote control and for acknowledging the error code 25 HOLIDAY key For setting the holiday mode with energy-saving operation for a configurable number of days 26 QUIET key For the activation of quiet mode with reduced noise production 27 SETTING key For setting the heating curve, the heating limit temperature, the cooling temperature as well as the hot water temperature and functions 28 FORCE key For activating the heat pump electric submersible heater (emergency operation) 29 TIMER keys For setting the system time

Display and operating keys for easy operation and programming of the Aquarea control via the controller or wired remote control (Bi-Bloc or monobloc system)

The illustrated control panel applies to units of the new F generation. Units of the older generations up to the E generation have a different control panel (see next page). As the same operator control panel is used for different devices, some functions may not apply for your device.

Structure of devices up to the E generation

1 OFF / ON-LED Illuminates during operation and flashes upon occurrence of an error 2 REMOTE display

Symbol is displayed when an external room thermostat is connected and activated

4 FORCE display Symbol is displayed when the FORCE mode is activated (additional electric heater can heat)

Symbol will be shown during the heating mode (Aquarea heat pump heating) 10 TIMER display Shows the setting of the 24-hour timer for each weekday with clock

14 BOOSTER display Symbol is displayed when the electric immersion heater in the hot water tank is in operation

16 SETTING display Symbol will be displayed when parameters in the settings are set 17 STATUS display Symbol will be displayed when values are depicted in the status menu 18 SERVICE display Symbol is displayed in service mode 19 OFF / ON key Starts or stops the operation of the unit 20 MODE key Serves for setting the operation mode: Heating, Heating + Hot water, Hot water, Cooling + Hot water or Cooling

21 STATUS keys For checking the system status (compressor frequency, fault history, return water temperature, tank tem perature)

STATUS CHECK Symbol is displayed when defrosting

8 COOL display Symbol will be shown during the cooling mode (Aquarea heat pump cooling)

7 TANK display Symbol will be shown during the hot water mode (Aquarea heat pump heating the tank)

Symbol is displayed when an external solar thermal installation is connected and activated

22 SERVICE key For the activation of the circulation pump and the pump down operation 23 HEATER key For activating the additional electric heater 24 FORCE key For the activation of additional electric heater (emergency operation) 25 ERROR RESET key For the reset of the remote controller or wired remote control and for acknowledging the error code 26 QUIET key For the activation of quiet mode with reduced noise production 27 SETTING key For setting the heating curve, the heating limit temperature, the cooling temperature as well as the hot water temperature and functions 28 TIMER keys For setting the system time

Display and operating keys for easy operation and programming of the Aquarea control via the remote controller or wired remote control (Bi-Bloc system or monobloc system)

The illustrated control panel applies to devices up to the E generation. Devices of the newer F generation have a different control panel (see previous page). As the same operator control panel is used for different devices, some functions may not apply for your device.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Closed-loop control Functions Further functions

4.2.2 Further functions

• Pump control: Monitoring of the operating condition upon switching on the heat pump – only when all the required criteria are positively checked does the heat pump transform into the normal mode. Should one criteria not correspond to the expected value, the heat pump goes into the error state. • Service mode: Is used for the activation of the circulation pump and the pump down operation.

• Flow rate cut-out: Monitors the water flow rate and switches the heat pump off, when the minimum flow rate is not attained. • Additional electric heater mode: The additional electric heater can be operated as backup when the heat pump malfunctions. For this purpose, the additional electric heater must be switched on manually.

• Monitoring the maximum return water temperature: The return water temperature is checked during the start of operation, should this temperature exceed 80 °C, the pump will be switched off. • Defrosting function: By taking into account the outdoor temperature and supply water temperature as well as their fluctuations, this function ensures that ice that forms on the air-to-water heat exchanger of the outdoor unit or Monobloc unit is defrosted.

• Automatic restart: For controlled start after abrupt interruption of the power supply.

• Sterilisation mode: Weekly thermal sterilization of the hot water tank by means of the electric immersion heater. Adjustable using the 24-hour timer. • Whisper-quiet operation: Reduces the compressor operating frequency as well as the fan speed of the outdoor or Monobloc unit by 80 rpm to at least 200 rpm, thus reducing the noise level.

• Solar mode: Expands the system by integrating an external solar thermal control system into the heat pump controller. For the solar operation, a tank as well as the additional PCB for solar thermal connection must be available. The solar thermal installation itself is controlled by an external solar thermal controller (to be provided by the customer).

• Operation with an external room thermostat: Without an external room thermostat, the Aquarea heat pump works via an internal thermostat function that monitors supply water and return water temperature and compares it with the heating curve. Upon exceeding the nominal supply water temperature by 2 K the compressor switches off. The operation with external room thermostat can prevent frequent switch on-and-off, in that the room temperature is additionally considered for control of the heat pump. • Additional housing heating (optional): Can be activated in the “Base Pan Heater” (applies to F generation units or later) • Screed-drying function: (applies to F generation units or later)

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Functions | Extensions and external interfaces Safety functions | External room thermostat

4.2.3 Safety functions

Besides the listed functions, the control system also contains a series of further internal functions that ensure minimum compressor operation time, total current limitation, overheating protection for the compressor and protection functions for extreme operating conditions as well as other safety features.

4.3 Extensions and external interfaces 4.3.1 External room thermostat

Operation with external room thermostat can prevent frequent switch on-and-off, in that the room temperature is additionally considered for control of the heat pump. For this purpose, a room thermostat with two-step controller is needed. Depending on the current room temperature and adjustable required temperature, either the circuit L/L1 or the circuit L/L2 will be switched on via a potential-free switch-over contact. Depending on which operating mode of the Aquarea heat pump is activated (Heating or Cooling), the heat pump will be activated or de activated via the two-step controller. The operating mode of the heat pump (Heating or Cooling) acts like an internal release. For example, if the heat pump is in the heating mode, then closing the circuit L/L2 deactivates the heat pump. Only when an internal release exists by switching over into the Cooling mode, closing the circuit L/L2 actually leads to activation of the cooling mode.

CLOSE OPEN N CLOSE OPEN N

Required temperature < room temperature Circuit is open (Heating off)

Circuit is closed (Cooling on)

Operating mode - heat pump

Required temperature > room temperature Circuit is closed (Heating on) Circuit is open (Cooling off) Heating

Connection diagram for the control of Aquarea heat pump via an external room thermostat. The room thermostat is connected to the terminals 9 to 12 of the terminal strip.

For exclusive control of the heating mode via the external room thermostat, only the phases L and L1 are connected to the terminal strip. This also effects the Aquarea heat pump series without the cooling mode.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Extensions and external interfaces Deactivation of heating circuits in cooling mode | External control

4.3.2 Deactivation of heating circuits in cooling mode

Heating circuits that can be used exclusively for the heating mode and not for the cooling mode (e.g. radiators), can be deactivated automatically by means of an external 2-way directional valve on the control system of the Aquarea heat pump in the cooling mode (see e.g. Hydraulic Diagrams 3 and 6).

CLOSE OPEN N CLOSE M

M Connection diagram for the automatic deactivation of heating circuits in cooling mode via 2-way directional valves to the connections 1 to 3 of the terminal strip. Left: Spring loaded 2-way directional valve, open without current,

right: Motor-driven 2-way directional valve with single-pole change-over switch.

4.3.3 External control of the Aquarea heat pump

To be able to control the Aquarea heat pump by means of an external controller, the latter can be activated and deactivated by means of its own interface. The interface consists of a 2-position contact, which in the closed state activates the heat pump. An external, overriding control system can control several heat generators in paralell or in cascade sequence via the interface (see e.g. Hydraulics 9 and 10).

Connection of the external control to the terminals 17 and 18 of the terminal strip

In the delivery state, the terminals 17 and 18 are bridged. The Aquarea heat pump is thereby activated.

This interface serves for the combination of Aquarea heat pump with a solar thermal installation for water heating via the Panasonic hot water tank. Operation of the heat pump is adapted based on an additional PCB that is available as an accessory for solar thermal connection for operation of the solar thermal installation. In addition, via an inherent input one can check whether the solar pump is running or not. As soon as a 230 V (AC) voltage is availible at the respective input (solar pump running), the externally connected 3-way directional valve will be opened via the control system of the Aquarea heat pump, so that heat from the solar circuit can be output directly to the hot water tank. When the external solar controller switches on the solar pump, the external 3-way directional valve will be connected again (see also Hydraulic Diagram 4) via the control system of the Aquarea heat pump. 17 18

OPEN CLOSE N M Connection of the external 3-way directional valve and the input signal of the solar pump to the terminals 19 to 21 or 22 and 23 of the terminal strip. The 3-way directional valve

has to be connected such that in that it prevents the passage from solar circuit and heat exchanger of the hot water tank.

For the combination of the Aquarea heat pump with a solar thermal installation, a solar pump must be used with a heat exchanger. Through this, the solar heat is first transferred from the solar circuit to the heating system water and subsequently to the hot water in the hot water tank. The additional PCB for the solar connection does not replace the solar controller, but rather serves as a means of communication and optimisation. To combine Aquarea heat pumps with a solar thermal installation, a separate solar controller (to be provided by the customer) is required in addition to the additional PCB.

Extensions and external interfaces Aquarea Heat Pump Manager

4.3.5 Aquarea Heat Pump Manager

In addition to the Aquarea closed-loop controller, Panasonic also offer the Aquarea Heat Pump Manager (HPM) as an optional unit for extending the controller functions for special applications. This satisfies the additional requirements placed on the control system for complex and flexible heating systems. In conjunction with the pre-defined system diagrams, the Aquarea Heat Pump Manager also allows quick and easy installation and commissioning of the system. An overview of the advantages of the Aquarea Heat Pump Manager: • Low operating costs through efficient closed-loop control • Quick and flexible programming • Easy operation with everything from a single source • Access via the Internet / home network • Quick selection of the required controller • Terminal diagram and hydraulic diagram • Easy installation • Quick and easy commissioning • Flexible applications • Possibility of optimising the heating system The quick and easy configuration of the Aquarea Heat Pump Manager via the HPM tool is a major advantage. The planned heating system can be interactively configured with the required functions and is automatically defined by the HPM tool as a system diagram, complete with terminal diagram and hydraulic plan. Only the generated SD number needs to be entered into the unit on commissioning in order to fully configure the controller according to the selected system diagram. The associated terminal assignments of the electrical inputs and outputs is also part of the system diagram. This results in around 600 pre-defined system diagrams available for quick and clear application.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Extensions and external interfaces Aquarea Heat Pump Manager

Interactive selection of the required functions for the planned heating system via the HPM tool under www.hpmtool.eu

With the Aquarea Heat Pump Manager (HPM), Panasonic offer an additional closed-loop controller that can be optionally used instead of the normal Aquarea heat pump closed-loop controller. The HPM has an extended range of functions for special applications and is generally very easy to operate. The unit replaces the Aquarea heat pump closedloop controller and can be ordered separately if required. More information is provided in the HPM handbook.

Technical properties and functions of the HPM Aquarea Heat Pump Manager: • 230 V power supply

• Cascaded control (max. of 3 heat pumps) /

• Two 0 to 10 V inputs / outputs

• Automatic switching between heating and

• Seven output relays

• Eight sensor inputs (PT1000) • Integrated backlit text display

• Micro-USB interface (for uploads, servicing, remote control, trend) • RS485 interface (for communication with additional heat pumps) • RS485 interface (for external display) • External touch screen available

• Numerous different external remote controls available • 2 mixed heating circuits

• Screed heating program

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bivalent control cooling modes

• Possibility of connection to a photovoltaic system or an intelligent power grid (“Smart Grid”)

• Night-time reduction • Energy management system • Trend • Solar operation • Preferential hot water heating • Web-based access to the controller • Available in 10 languages

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Extensions and external interfaces “Smart Grid” function via the Heat Pump Manager

4.3.6 “Smart Grid” function via the Heat Pump Manager

In conjunction with the Aquarea Heat Pump Manager (HPM), Aquarea heat pumps can be integrated as intelligent heat pumps in an intelligent power grid and their operating states can be adjusted to suit current requirements, via control signals from the electricity provider. Intelligent heat pumps must be able to implement four different operating states, as specified by the electricity provider. The operating states are signalled to the HPM via two signal contacts. Each signal contact (Inp1 and Inp2) can assume a status of 1 (On) or 0 (Off), resulting in the four possible operating states described below.

Heat pump(s) disabled

Description No energy consumption for operating the heat pump(s), corresponds to disabling by the electricity provider, domestic heating pumps remain in automatic mode

Heat pump is disabled

No influence on the target values calculated by the controller Heat pump running in normal mode

Percent increased operation

The configurable percentage increases take effect and influence the currently applicable target values (drinking water heating / room heating: increase, cooling: decrease) of hot-water tank and buffer tank Heat pump switch-on recommendation

Maximum operation (max. requirement)

The configurable maximum requirements take effect and influence the currently applicable target values (drinking water heating / room heating: max. target value, cooling: max. target value) of hot-water tank and buffer tank Heat pump startup commands

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Extensions and external interfaces “Smart Grid” function via the Heat Pump Manager

Operating state 1 – heat pump is disabled The heat pump consumes no power and only the room heating pumps run as required. Operating state 2 – heat pump running normally The heat pump operates normally as a heat pump without integration in an intelligent power grid. Operating state 3 – heat pump switch-on recommendation The heat pump works in an increased mode and provides more heat or cooling than in the normal mode. The amount of the increased requirement can be set for the individual consumers via a percentage increase of the target values. In concrete terms, the target temperatures are increased or modified so that (for example) the target temperature of the hot-water tank in operating mode 3 is increased by a minimum of 5 % and a maximum of 20 % (SW Incr. = 5 % and 20 %). The actual increase or reduction can be set by the user within the specified limits. Values outside the min./max. limits are not possible. The settings for operating state 3 are listed in the following table.

Buffer tank temperature increase

Service water increase

Extensions and external interfaces “Smart Grid” function via the Heat Pump Manager

Operating state 4 The heat pump operates in maximum mode according to the configurable target temperature values, as defined in the table below. The amount of the increased requirement can be set for the individual consumers via absolute target values. For example, the target temperature of the hotwater tank in operating state 4 can be set to a fixed value between 40 °C and 70 °C. The actual values can be set by the user, within the specified limits. Values outside the min. / max. limits are not possible. The settings for operating state 4 are listed in the following table. Parameter Name

Buffer temperature requirement

Service water requirement

Cooling temperature requirement

°C Terminal assignments In order to use the Aquarea heat pumps in a smart grid, the HPM must be assigned the input terminals (Inp1 and Inp2), which the electricity provider can then use to influence the operating mode of the controller (using the two signalling contacts). The controller connections that can be used are terminals 17 – 26. After assigning the two input terminals (Inp1 and Inp2) the “Smart Grid” function is active. An open connection to the Ground reference potential is interpreted as “Off” and a closed connection is interpreted as “On”.

The heat pump system is planned step by step. The overview of individual steps below refers to the respective sections in which each planning step is clearly described. Planning steps

1. Establishing the outside design temperature θe

2. Establishing the heating load

3. Establishing hot water demand

4. Establishing the heat emitter temperature

5. Heat pump selection and determination of the bivalence point

6. Installation room and acoustics

7. Integration of hydraulics and control engineering

5.2 Panasonic Aquarea Designer Panasonic offers the Aquarea Designer for free download at www.PanasonicProClub.com, for easy and quick modelling and optimisation of the heat pump heating systems. The program offers the following functions: • Sizing of heat pumps based on building and consumption data • Comprises in-house air-conditioning and weather databases for sizing calculation • Quick selection of the suitable heat pump • Calculation of the bivalence point • Calculation of coefficient of performance and seasonal performance factor according to VDI 4650 • Costs comparison • Quick design or expert design as well as either a short or long report

Panasonic Aquarea Designer | Establishing the heating load and outside design temperature

View of the Start user interface of the Panasonic Aquarea Designer for calculation and optimisation of heat pump heating systems

5.3 Establishing the heating load and outside design temperature The heating load of a building is determined according to EN 12831 “Method for calculation of the design heat load”. For new buildings design heat loads are derived from the planning documents. The heating load is calculated assuming an outside design temperature θe. This value can be derived from CIBSE Guide A: ‘Environmental Design’, table 2.4. In the UK, this typically varies beween -1 ˚C and - 5 ˚C at sea level. This temperature is equal to or is exceeded for 99 % of the hours in a year. A selection is reproduced in the table below. Please note: If using the closest location to your site in the table, you must decrease the temperature by 0.6 ˚C for every additional 100 metres above sea level. Location Belfast

Altitude (metres) 68

Determination of standard outside temperature θe according to CIBSE Guide A: Environmental Design

Establishing the heating load and outside design temperature

For existing buildings, the rough calculation method described below can also be used for establishing the heating load. It should only be used as an estimate because a variety of factors like house type, insulation and the ventilation rate play a role in the calculation. Over the years, the specific heat requirement of buildings has constantly decreased owing to increasingly stringent thermal insulation requirements. Owing to this fact, the following rates per square metre living-space are used as approximation: Existing buildings before 1977

Buildings as from 1977

Buildings as from 1982

Buildings as from 1995

Buildings as from 2002

Ultra-low energy building

Typical values for the specific heat requirement of residential buildings for rough calculation of heating load

For a 1992 residential house in London, UK with a living space of 120 m², has a required heating load of 12 kW (100 W / m²). The standard outside design temperature for the residential house can be read from the table for the considered location with θe = -1.8 ˚C.

The heat pump should therefore approximatley provide the determined heating capacity of 12 kW for an outside temperature of -1.8 °C. Note

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The above calculation method provides only rough estimated values for the heating load. For correct dimensioning, precise calculation of the required heating load must be carried out by a heating system specialist. Under no circumstances can Panasonic be made responsible for any miscalculations.

Sizing the Hot Water Cylinder

5.4 Sizing the Hot Water Cylinder Domestic hot water services design should be based on an accurate assessment of the number and types of points of use and anticipated consumption within the property, making appropriate adjustments for the intended domestic hot water storage temperature and domestic hot water cylinder recovery rate. When sizing the hot water cylinder, please use MCS guidelines in MIS3005 and also refer to BS EN 806:1-5 AND BS EN 8558. When Aquarea HP cylinder is connected to both heat pump and solar thermal systems, then during the winter period the solar contribution will be negligible and the heat pump will only heat about 65 % of the cylinder volume. This should be taken into account when selecting the model. Aquarea HP Cylinder Selection Guide Dwelling type Number of bedrooms

Number of bathrooms and shower rooms

Without solar heating system1

With solar heating system2

1 bathroom + 1 shower room

PAW-TE18C2E3STD-UK PAW-TE30C2E3STD-UK (FA = 65 m²)

1 bathroom + 2 shower rooms

PAW-TE18C2E3STD-UK PAW-TE30C2E3STD-UK (FA = 85 m²)

2 bathrooms + 1 shower room

PAW-TE30C2E3STD-UK PAW-TE30C2E3STD-UK (FA = 110 m²)

2 bathrooms + 2 shower rooms

PAW-TE30C2E3STD-UK PAW-TE40C2E3STD-UK (FA = 150 m²)

2 bathrooms + 2 shower rooms

2 bathrooms + 3 shower rooms

Both top and bottom heat exchangers connected to heat pump circuit

Top heat exchanger connected to heat pump circuit and bottom heat exchanger connected to solar circuit. 2

FA = Maximum floor area of the dwelling for compliance with the Building Regulations

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Number of b athrooms and shower rooms

1 bathroom + 1 shower room

1 bathroom + 2 shower rooms

PAW-TE18C2E3SL-UK Please note that the two heat exchangers must be connected in parallel to the heat pump circuit when a solar thermal system is not installed, as shown in the schematic below.

Schematic Sealed Primary System

Safety Valve, Expansion Vessel, Gauge and Pump within Heat Pump

Schematic Open Vented Primary System Warming/Overflow Pipe

Minimum distance as required by heat pump manufacturers instructions

The requirements for the control of legionella propagation in workplaces are described in the HSE Guide L8. The hot water demand has the greatest influence on the performance of solar thermal installations for water heating. A proven relationship between tank volume and collector surface lies between 50 to 80 litres per m² of collector surface. Hot water secondary circulation increases the heat requirement for water heating and for very long piping lengths it can amount up to 100 % of the heat requirement for water heating. Hot water circulation pumps should always therefore be time-and-temperature controlled.

5.5 Establishing the heat emitter temperatures The temperature of the heat emitters at standard outside temperatures should not be higher than 55 °C, for MCS projects 50 °C at the design outdoor temperature. Recommended are underfloor systems with supply water temperatures of 35 °C and radiators with a supply water temperature of 50 °C. When replacing a conventional boiler heating system, with an Aquarea heat pump, the supply water temperature should be reduced as much as possible by installing additional thermal insulation and by taking redevelopment measures on the building. Conventional boiler heating systems are operated with supply water temperatures up to 75 °C. Through suitable redevelopment measures, existing radiators can often be operated at lower temperatures and therefore lower heat outputs. For this, refer to manufacturers’ guidance for details of the the output of the radiator at lower supply water temperatures. If it is not possible to reduce the supply water temperature to 55 ˚C, it is also possible to use supply water temperatures of up to 65 °C by using the Aquarea HT series.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Operating mode and bivalence point

5.6 Operating mode and bivalence point In order to avoid over-sizing and thus reduce investment costs, bivalent operation is generally preferred. In this case, below a defined outside temperature an additional heat source will be switched on. This heat source can be integrated externally (e.g. a gas boiler or stove with back boiler) or internally via the additional electric heater. If a heat source which produces heat from electric power is used, then this is termed (monoenergetic) operating mode. In this bivalent operation, the air / water heat pump is only supported when the outside temperatures are very low. Because this is the case only for a few days per year, the heat generated by an additional heat source is only a few percentage of the overall generated energy.

Capacity of additional heat source

Maximum heating load

Outside temperature [°C]

Bivalent parallel operating mode via an additional heat source

The bivalence point is determined individually for each building (see for example the following section). By utilising its inverter technology, Aquarea heat pumps can operate efficiently even operating under part load without cycling. Nevertheless, it is recommended to select the bivalence point of the heat pump system above -10 °C. For an installation to comply with Microgeneration Installation Standard (MIS) 3005, either the heat pump in monovalent mode or heat pump with additional heat source (excluding additional electric heater) integrated into a single control system must meet 100 % of the calculated design space heating requirement.

Heat pump selection General criteria | What capacity is needed?

5.7 Heat pump selection 5.7.1 General criteria

The selection of a suitable heat pump is made via the required heating capacity. In addition, the following decisions must be taken: • Should a Bi-Bloc system or a Monobloc system be used? • Should the heat pump be used just for heating or also for cooling? • Should the heat pump be powered by a single phase or three phase supply (three phase units have higher coefficients of performance)?

5.7.2 What capacity is needed?

The main requirements on air / water heat pumps are determined using the calculated heating load to EN 12831 and outside design temperature. Furthermore, also the hot water heating and possible outages from the power company must be accounted for. Also the length of pipe between the outdoor unit and hydromodule (Bi-Bloc) as well as between the Monobloc unit and building must be considered because long pipe runs lead to loss of some heating capacity. Not only the capacity of the heat pump but also their supply water temperature at design outside temperature is important for correct selection of the heat pump. Aquarea heat pumps have an additional electric heater which can provide extra heat supply in the event of very low outside temperatures. All the above points must be considered together for the calculation of required heat pump capacity: 1. Heating load (see section “Establishing the heating load and outside design temperature”) 2. Outside design temperature (see section “Establishing the heating load and outside design temperature”) 3. Hot water tank charging (required time for water heating with the heat pump) 4. The power company's restrictions (if applicable, e.g. once per day for 2 hours) 5. Pipe correction factor (see section “Planning Heat Source - Air” for consideration of losses through long pipe lengths)

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heat pump selection Example

Heat pump capacity ≥

standard heating load • 24 h

(24 h – tank charging time – power supplier outage time) • pipe correction factor

In a new building, the building fabric generally dries out in the first two years after occupancy, whereby moisture from the construction phase escapes from the building fabric; in this phase, the heat requirement is higher than after the building has dryed. This increase in heat requirement should be offset by the additional electric heater. • For a residential house in London, UK a required heating load of 9.6 kW and an outside temperature θe = -1.5 °C • Water heating for four people with a normal comfort level (45 litres per person and day at 45 °C tap temperature or 1.8 kWh): 4 Hence 1.8 = 7.2 kWh per day. A heat pump with a heating power of 9.6 kW would require an operating time of 7.2 kWh / 9.6 kW = 0.75 h. Thus, if rounded up: Tank charging = 1 h • The pipe correction factor, owing to a pipe length of 15 m (one-way length) with means of 1.0 and 0.83 results in line correction f actor = 0.92

Total heating capacity ≥

9.6 • 24 h (24 h – 1 h) • 0.92

= 10.89 kW Factoring in power supplier outages of 2 hours per day: Total heating capacity ≥

230.4 = = 11.93 kW (24 h – 1 h – 2 h) • 0.92 19.32

The calculated overall heating capacity must be calculated using a continuous water supply temperature of 35 °C for a underfloor heating system. Note

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The illustrated calculation of the overall heating load may differ slightly from the detailed calculation of the Aquarea Designer, but can still be used as a rule of thumb for fast calculation without the need of a calculation program.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heat pump selection Performance curves

Heating capacity [kW]

Heating limit temperature

Outside temperature [°C]

16 kW (three phase) 14 kW (three phase) 12 kW (three phase)

Performance curves of the Aquarea-LT series for the Bi-Bloc systems with design point,

temperature 35 °C This illustration shows the characteristic curve for the split systems of the Aquarea LT series with different flow temperatures giving different heating capacities at a given outdoor temperature. By plotting the design point (Heating capacity = 12 kW @ Ɵe = -2.0 °C) and the point at which there is no heating demand (Ambient external air temperature, in this example 20 °C) and then connect the two points. Where this line crosses the HP performance curve, this is the bivalent point.

Supply water temperature 55 °C

heating limit temperature and bivalent point

For monovalent operation of the heat pump, the selected heat pump must provide a larger capacity than the design heating capacity. In the above example only the 16 kW heat pump at 35 °C flow temperature provides more capacity than required. (12.2 kW > 12 kW) For reasons of economic viability or practicalities such as an existing heating system, the heat pump can be sized as a bivalent system. Using the 12 kW Aquarea-LT heat pump, a bivalence point of 0 °C is found. Below this outside temperature the heat pump will need support, whereas above this temperature the heat pump will run unsupported. In a bivalent alternative scheme, 0 °C is the switch over point.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Planning of installation room

The following heat pumps of the Aquarea-LT series, that are bi-bloc systems, come in to question due to the intersection point with the performance curve at 0 °C and at a supply water temperature of 35 °C: Heating and cooling single phase

For an installation to comply with Microgeneration Installation Standard (MIS) 3005, the heat pump should be designed to run in monovalent mode or bivalent mode with additional heat source (excluding additional electric heater) integrated into a single control system to meet 100 % of the calculated design space heating requirement.

5.8 Planning of installation room

Note If you will be applying for Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) financial support, your installation may have to have metering equipment fitted or be designed to be “meter-ready”. For more details, please see: www.microgeneration certification.org

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When planning the installation room, all units and components of the heat pump system that are not installed outside the building must be considered: • The Hydromodule (for the Bi-Bloc system) • Pipes and wall passages should be thought out and arranged with short runs (electrical, refrigerant and heating pipes) • Tanks (hot water tank as well as buffer tank if applicable) Furthermore, attention must be paid so that the installation room is dry and free from frost and the maintenance work area is easily accessible.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Planning of installation room Room volume for bi-bloc system | Assembly conditions

5.8.1 Room volume for bi-bloc system

With a bi-bloc system, the refrigerant is partly inside the building, which must be considered with respect to minimum room volume. According to EN 378, the minimum required volume for a heat pump installation room (Vmin) according to EN 378 T1 is calculated as follows: Vmin =

G = amount of refrigerant in kg c = practical limit value in kg / m³ (for R410A c = 0.44 kg / m³

and for R407C c = 0.31 kg / m³) Note

The refrigerant and the amount of refrigerant differs for individual models and is dependent upon additional refrigerant filling that exceeds the pre-filled pipe length. Details on this can be derived from the technical data.

The refrigerant may not be mixed with or be replaced by a different type of refrigerant. Using a different refrigerant can lead to damage to the unit and also to safety problems. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility and provided no guarantee for the application of refrigerants of a different type apart from R410A for the series Aquarea LT and T-CAP and R407C for the series Aquarea HT.

5.8.2 Assembly conditions and minimum distances from hydromodule

• No heat or steam source can be located near the hydromodule. Also laundry houses or other rooms with higher humidity are unsuitable, since high humidity leads to rust and can damage the unit. • Adequate circulation of air must be provided inside the room. • The condensate drained from the hydromodule should be easily channelled out because it can cause damage if not correctly drained. (if cooling is going to be delivered from heat pump) • Noise inside the room should be considered. • Do not install the unit near the door. • The minimum distances (see Figure) must be observed. • The hydromodule must be installed vertically on the wall, whereby the wall should be thick and dense so that no vibration occurs. • In case electrical units are installed on wooden buildings with metallic or cable strips in accordance with the corresponding standards for electrical work, no electrical contacts are permitted between the unit and building. • The hydromodule is only developed for internal installation and may not be installed outside.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Planning of installation room Assembly conditions and minimum distances from hydromodule

Minimum distances from the hydromodule to walls, ceiling and floor

Note The compressor is located in the outdoor unit of the bi-bloc system. The only noise from the hydromodule will solely come from circulation pump operation. 1

Example of an installation room with a hydromodule and hot water tank WH-TD20E3E5

Note Because of an installation room volume of 6.25 m³ in the example, it is suitable only for Aquarea LT single phase devices up to 9 kW heating capacity. The use of a device with a larger amount of refrigerant would exceed the practical limit value c (for R410A c = 0.44 kg / m³ and for R407C c = 0.31 kg / m³)

5.9 Planning heat source – air Air to water heat pumps require planning permission in Wales and Northern Ireland but may be considered Permitted Development in Scotland and England, depending on the circumstances. Check with your local planning office to ensure you comply. Furthermore, besides the conditions listed in the following sections, attention must be paid so that when several outdoor or monobloc units (e.g. for heat pump cascades) are used, no short circuit of the exhaust air occurs (see Figure). wrong

Correct arrangement of several outdoor or monobloc units

5.9.1 Bi-Bloc system

The bi-bloc system consists of an outdoor unit and a hydromodule. Depending on the capacity and model, the outdoor unit has one or two fans and differs in size (see Overview on Page 3). Generally, the following points must be observed for the distance between outdoor unit and hydromodule when using the bi-bloc system: • In case the length of the refrigerant piping is greater than the pre-filled pipe length of the unit (depending upon model 10, 15 or 30 m, see Technical Data), additional refrigerant quantities specified in the technical data must be added. • The maximum length of the refrigerant piping between hydromodule and outdoor device depending on model is 30 or 40 m (see Technical Data). This value may not be exceeded. • The minimum length of the refrigerant piping between hydromodule and outdoor unit is 3 m and the installation may not fall short of this value. • The maximum height difference between hydromodule and outdoor unit depending on model is 20 or 30 m (see Technical Data). This value may not be exceeded. • The wall thickness of copper pipes for the refrigerant piping must be more than 0.8 mm.

Capacity decrease in long refrigerant pipe runs

The capacity of the bi-bloc systems decreases significantly with increasing length of the refrigerant pipe runs. The capacity reduces depending on the heat pump’s nominal capacity, either up to 12 kW nominal capacity or 14 and 16 kW nominal capacity (see Table).

Pipe length of refrigerant (one-way)

Pipe correction factor

Pipe correction factors for consideration of the reduced heat pump heating capacity during the selection of the heat pump for bi-bloc systems with up to 12 kW nominal capacity

Pipe length of refrigerant (one-way)

Pipe correction factor

Pipe correction factors for consideration of the reduced heat pump heating capacity during the selection of the heat pump for bi-bloc systems with 14 and 16 kW nominal capacity

Assembly conditions and minimum distances around outdoor unit

• The heat output of the outdoor unit may not be prevented by additional protection apparatus like sun blind or similar.

• Locations at which the outside temperature decreases below -20 °C must be avoided. • The minimum clearances (see figure on following page) must be observed.

• A drainage system using a drainage pipe leading to a gravel bed in the frost-free subsoil is recommended for draining melt water in de-icing mode (see installation example). • Objects that can lead to short circuit of exhaust air must not be erected.

• The operational noise emission of the outdoor unit should not lead to irritation of the users or neighbours. • If the outdoor unit is installed near the sea, in regions with a high content of sulphur or at oily locations (e.g. machine oil, etc.), its operational service life will be possibly shortened.

• The outdoor unit is to be installed on a concrete foundation or on a stable base frame e.g. on a building external wall, aligned horizontally, and fastened with bolts (ø 10 mm). - Use additional vibration-damping rubber buffers for decoupling.

• For installation locations that can be influenced by strong winds e.g. when a wind blows between buildings, including building roofs, the outdoor unit must be secured on the building by means of an additional protection against toppling (e.g. cable). • The hydromodule is only developed for internal installation and may not be installed outdoors.

Planning heat source – air Bi-Bloc system

Minimum distances from the out-

door unit to the neighbouring walls and objects with representation of

air flow direction. The connection of

the refrigerant piping can occur in

Minimum distance 1,000 mm

one of four directions (front, rear, side, down).

Fastening the outdoor unit

The outdoor unit must be installed on a flat, level and solid surface. The weight of the water in addition to the weight of the unit must be taken into consideration. Four M12 anchor bolts with a pull-out force greater than 15,000 N are required for fastening.

anchoring the outdoor unit

to the floor or a foundation (left)

Minimum requirements for

or directly to a base plate (right). * Different for 3 kW and 5 kW units (see dimensioned drawing)

All dimensions in mm

The monobloc system consists of a unit containing one or two fans, depending on the power class and model. The units differ in physical size (see overview on page 3). The water pipes between the monobloc unit and the building are heat distribution pipes that are laid directly adjacent to the outdoor air. According to the current energy-saving directive (EnEV 2014), these pipes are to be thermally insulated with a least twice the minimum thickness as per Annex 5, Table 1, Lines 1 to 4, but with a thickness of at least 40 mm, based on a thermal conductivity of 0.035 W / (m × K).

In monobloc systems, there is a risk of freezing if the heating circuit is filled with water and the outside temperature falls below +4 °C. That can cause significant damage to the device.

Freezing must be prevented on-site through one of the following measures: 1. The heating circuit is operated using a foodstuff compatible anti-freeze mixture (propylene glycol).

2. An auxiliary heater unit in the monobloc unit prevents the heating circuit freezing. 3. The heating circuit is drained by a system to be provided by the customer (manual or automatic).

For details on preventing water pipes freezing, and heat and cold protection, see the Guidelines BS 5422 and BS 5970.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Planning heat source – air Assembly conditions and minimum distances from monobloc unit

Assembly conditions and minimum distances from monobloc unit

• The heat output of the monobloc unit may not be prevented by additional protection apparatus like sun blind or similar. • Locations at which the outside temperature decreases below -20 °C must be avoided. • The minimum clearances (see figure) must be observed. • A drainage system using a drainage pipe leading to a gravel bed in the frost-free subsoil is recommended for draining melt water in de-icing mode (see installation example on page 80). • Objects that can lead to short circuit of exhaust air must not be erected. • The operational noise emission of the monobloc unit should not lead to irritation of the users or neighbours. - Use additional vibration-damping rubber buffers for

• If the monobloc unit is installed near the sea, in regions with a high content of sulphur or at oily locations (e.g. machine oil, etc.), its operational service life will be possibly shortened. • For installation locations that can be influenced by strong winds e.g. when a wind blows between buildings, including on building, the Monobloc unit must be secured on the building by means of an additional protection against toppling (e.g. cable). • The monobloc unit is only developed for outdoor installation and may not be installed outdoors. • Condensate should be able to be drained from the unit without difficulty.

Minimum distance 1,000 mm

Minimum distances from the Monobloc unit to the neighbouring walls and objects with representation of air flow direction.

The monobloc unit must be mounted on one level, horizontal and on a solid surface. Besides the weight of unit, also the weight of water must be considered. Four anchoring bolts M12 are needed for fastening, where the tightening force is minimum 15,000 N. 980

anchoring the Monobloc unit to the floor or a foundation

Minimum requirements for

(left) or directly to a base plate (right)

All dimensions in mm

Sound occurs when air vibrates. This vibration propagates in air as pressure waves and reaches the ear drum of the human ear. Independent of the type of noise (speech or motor noise) the sound can be measured as sound pressure. The larger the sound pressure, the louder the noise is perceived. The human ear can perceive a range from 20 × 10-6 Pa (hearing threshold) up to 20 Pa (threshold of pain). This range that corresponds to a ratio of 1:1,000,000 is not perceived by the human ear linearly, but rather logarithmically. For this reason the sound pressure is not specified as pressure, but rather as sound pressure level in decibel (dB). Values of sound pressure level for typical situations are: Noise Forest

Sound pressure Perception in μPa 100

Typical noise situations and occurring sound pressure levels and sound pressures

The non-linear perception of sound pressure leads to a state where two equally loud sound sources are not perceived as double as loud as one sound source but only 3 dB louder. Doubling of the volume of a noise source is associated with a sound pressure level increase by 10 dB.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

The effect of other nearby noise influences will alter the perceived noise limit values. The following table can therfore only act as a guide of noise limits for each type of area: Industrial areas Commercial areas

General residential areas

Pure residential areas

Health resort areas, hospitals

50 dB(A) 45 dB(A) 55 dB(A) 40 dB(A) 50 dB(A) 35 dB(A) 45 dB(A) 35 dB(A)

The values are based on the measurable value 0.5 m in front of the middle of an opened window of the affected room to be protected. They are only valid as mean values and may be exceeded by temporary noise peaks. The measurable sound pressure level is dependent on the distance to the sound source and decreases with increasing distance. 5.10.2 Sound power levels for estimation of sound pressure level

The sound power level is a quantity for evaluating the sound source independently of distance and direction of sound propagation. It is a calculable quantity that is determined for individual units in laboratory measurements under defined conditions. Based on the sound power level of a specific unit the sound pressure level can be estimated at a certain distance and for corresponding sound propagation conditions for a certain case. Sound propagates in all directions equally with the sound power from the sound source. With an increasing distance to the sound source, the area through which the sound penetrates expands in proportion to the distance from the sound source. This leads to a continuous decrease of the sound pressure level for a constant sound power. During sound propagation the sound pressure level is moreover influenced by the following factors:

• Interruption by obstructions like buildings, walls or landscape formations • Reflection from surfaces such as walls, glass facades, buildings or asphalt-covered areas as well as areas made of stone • Absorption of sound on e.g. grass, bark-chip mulch, leaves or fresh-fallen snow • Wind can increase or decrease the sound pressure level (depending on wind direction). An estimation of the sound pressure level LAeq at a certain place with a distance r from the heat pump can be calculated with the following formula based on the sound power level LWAeq:

LAeq = LWAeq + 10 × log

For this, one additionally needs the direction factor Q, which considers the spatial radiation conditions of the sound source:

Directional factor Q for different arrangements of the sound source

The outdoor unit WH-UD12FE5 of a bi-bloc system has a sound power level of 67 dB(A) and is installed such that the sound can propagate into the quarter space (Q = 4). The sound pressure level as 10 m distance results in:

LAeq (10 m) = 67 dB (A) + 10 × log

(4 × π4× 10²) = 42 dB (A)

For a distance of 20 m the sound pressure level is still:

LAeq (20 m) = 67 dB (A) + 10 × log

(4 × π4× 20²) = 36 dB (A)

The sound pressure level can be determined roughly from the following table, in that the table value is subtracted from the unit specific sound power level (see technical data). Directivity factor Q

Distance from the sound source in m 4

Table for rough calculation of the sound pressure level based on the sound power level.

Through the selection of the installation location, the sound pressure level can be increased or decreased. Installation on reflective floor surfaces should be avoided. Sound pressure level can be reduced further by constructing obstructions, whereby the air flow itself should not be obstructed. The sound output direction of outdoor and / or monobloc units should be selected if possible towards the street, since neighbouring rooms to be protected are seldom oriented in this direction. In case of doubt, an acoustic engineer must be consulted.

Cooling Cooling with underfloor heating, fan convectors

Old Models: Aquarea heat pump models with cooling mode are manually switched over from the heating mode into the cooling mode and must be switched over into the heating mode again after the end of the cooling period. New models: AUTO can be used to switch between HEAT and COOL automatically. Switch over points need to be set during commissioning.

5.11.1 Cooling with underfloor heating

Underfloor heating systems are in principle suitable for the cooling mode, however, they cannot be operated with very low supply water temperatures, because both the comfort decreases as well as the danger of negatively exceeding the dew point. The surface temperature is limited generally to minimum 20 °C. For a delta-T between supply and return water temperatures of 3 to 4 K a specific cooling capacity of maximum 30 to 40 W / m² can be attained. The cooling capacity is essentially influenced by pipe length and pipe diameter in the underfloor heating system as well as the floor covering. For a tile covered floor the thermal transfer is significantly better than e.g. carpeted floor, which negatively influences the cooling capacity. Due to the limits on cooling capacity of underfloor heating systems, the room cooling cannot be controlled to a fixed room temperature. At least the supply water temperature must be set, which prevents the dew point from being negatively exceeded.

5.11.2 Cooling with fan convectors

Fan convectors can be operated with much lower supply water temperatures than underfloor heating systems ie 5 °C. Accordingly, the achievable cooling capacity of fan convectors is greater and a greater level of comfort is achievable than with underfloor heating systems. Owing to low supply water temperatures closed-cell insulation of the piping as well as an integration of the condensate outlet to the building’s waste water system or another suitable outlet must be considered with the application of fan convectors for room cooling. In the cooling mode, condensation of moisture in the air can occur on the surface of the heat transfer systems when the temperature falls below the dew point. This can lead to damage to the building or also to danger of slipping on the floor surfaces.

The effects of the temperature falling below the dew point must therefore be ruled out by means of suitably placed dew point sensors or the condensate occurring must be drained safely. The affected piping must be insulated tightly against condensation.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Electrical connection Power supply

5.12 Electrical connection 5.12.1 Power supply

The Aquarea heat pump range contains models specific to either a single phase of three phase electrical connection. Depending on the nominal heating capacity and the capacity of the additional electric heater, individual models differ in the number of mains connections. Models up to 9 kW nominal capacity are available with two mains connections and models with 12 to 16 kW with three mains connections.

Electrical connections for the bi-bloc systems Additional electric heater and electric immersion heater

Hydro module and outdoor unit

3 to 5 kW (single phase)

L Fault-current protective switch

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Hydro module, outdoor unit and additional electric heater

7 to 9 kW (single phase)

12 to 16 kW (single phase)

Hydro module, outdoor unit and additional electric heater

Fault-current protective switch

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Hydro module and outdoor unit

Fault-current protective switch

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Fault-current protective switch

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Additional electric heater and electric immersion heater

12 to 16 kW (three phase)

N L Hydro module and outdoor unit

Additional electric heater and electric immersion heater

Fault-current protective switch

Electric immersion heater and additional backup heater

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Differences of electrical connections for bi-bloc systems, different phases and nominal heating capacities.

Electrical connection Power supply

With the monobloc system, the mains connection is provided directly on the monobloc unit. With the bi-bloc system the mains connection is provided on the hydromodule, whereby the power supply of the outdoor unit is provided via an additional connection between the hydromodule and outdoor unit. An overview of the above-mentioned differences is depicted in the following table. The required cross-sections can be derived from the technical data. Electrical connections for the monobloc systems Additional electric heater and electric immersion heater

5 to 9 kW (single phase)

L Fault-current protective switch

L N Mains connections

Additional electric heater

12 to 16 kW (single phase)

L Electric immersion heater

Compact system and additional electric heater

L L N LA1 LA2 LA3 N L N Power supply 1

Additional electric heater

N N L LC1 LC2 LC3 N L N LA1 LA2 LA3 N LC1 LC2 LC3 N L N Power supply 3

Fault-current protective switch

N LA1 LA2 LA3 N Power supply 1

12 to 16 kW (three phase)

Fault-current protective switch

N LA1 LA2 LA3 N Compact system

Fault-current protective switch

Differences of electrical connections for monobloc systems, different phases and nominal heating capacities.

Electrical connection Power supply

Electrical connections for the bi-bloc systems Additional electric heater and electric immersion heater

Hydro module and outdoor unit

7 to 9 kW (single phase)

L Fault-current protective switch

Additional electric heater

Hydro module and outdoor unit

12 to 16 kW (single phase)

L Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Electric immersion heater

Hydro module, outdoor unit and additional electric heater

Fault-current protective switch

Additional electric heater

Hydro module and outdoor unit

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Electric immersion heater

12 to 16 kW (three phase)

Fault-current protective switch

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Electric immersion heater

Fault-current protective switch

Connecting the indoor/outdoor unit

Bi-Bloc systems (phase-out models) have different electrical connections, a different number of phases and different rated heating power

Electrical connection Connections to the inputs and outputs

5.12.2 Connections to the inputs and outputs 7

OPEN Temperature sensor for hot water tank

CLOSE Room thermostat

Overload protection for hot water tank

3-way directional valve

2-way directional valve

Solar 3-way directional valve

2-way directional valve

Output for the activation of the 2-way directional valves (e.g. for underfloor heating system, cooling)

3-way directional valve

Output for the activation of the 3-way directional valves (e.g. for heating, hot water tank)

Electric immersion heater

Output for switching on / off the electric immersion heater

The maximum power of the hot water electric immersion heater should be maximum 3 kW

Input for room thermostat signals

Overload protection for hot water tank

Input for overload protection of the hot water tank volt free

Terminals 13 / 14 must be bridged when no overload protection is used for the hot water storage

Temperature sensor for hot water tank

Input for temperature sensor of the hot water tank

2 Kohlms @ 25 °C NTC

These two terminals are bridged during delivery. Connection: 1-pole (min. 3 mm contact gap)

Solar 3-way directional valve

Output for activation of the solar 3-way directional valve

Additional solar PCB required

Solar pump station Input of the ON signal of Solar pump 2 (230 V AC)

Use additional circuit board CZ-NS1P, CZ-NS2P or CZ-NS3P

Terminal strip and table of the input and outputs with function

For easy connection of a hot water tank provided by the customer, Panasonic offers a temperature sensor installation kit for a foreign tank. This article bears the designation CZ-TK1.

The outside temperature sensor is located in the outdoor or monobloc unit and must not be installed or connected because the measured values are transmitted via an internal BUS line.

Electrical connection | Hydraulics DNO and tariffs | Hydraulic integration

5.12.3 DNO and tariffs

For the connection of the heat pump to the power mains, consideration of the District Network Operator (DNO) connection conditions is required. With this connection, data about the heat pump and operating parameters must also be specified. If there is the option of using a cheaper split tariff, this should be carefully considered to take into account the hot water and heating run times and the building heat loss. This should be considered at the planning stage to ensure the appropriateness of using a split tariff.

If an outage from the power supply company coincides with a frost period, then frost damage can occur if the frost protection measure selected requires electricity. An auxiliary heating unit or other frost protection devices are therefore need to be connected to the power mains such that they are not affected.

For more details on how these arrangments affect UK subsidy requirements, please see: www.microgenerationcertification.org

5.13 Hydraulics 5.13.1 Hydraulic integration

All Aquarea heat pump systems have an internal water circulation pump that circulates the heating water through the heat exchanger system. A standard pump or high-efficiency pump is used depending on the series and model variant of the Aquarea heat pump. Due to the independent control of the high-efficiency pumps, standard and high-efficiency pumps must be handled differently with regard to the hydraulic decoupling of the heat pump circuit and heat consumer circuit (see following sections). Depending on the series and model version, Aquarea heat pumps are delivered with standard or high efficiency pumps.

High efficiency pumps have internal speed control, which can cause the volume flow to drop below the minimum volume flow depending on the setting. If this is not taken into consideration, it can lead to error messages. Note the explanations on hydraulic decoupling for standard and high efficiency pumps. Note

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Units with high-efficiency pumps are specially labelled in the unit overview at the start of the document and in the technical data. Generation F units have high-efficiency pumps without differential pressure control and can be integrated into the hydraulic system in the same manner as standard pumps.

Hydraulics Hydraulic integration

Hydraulic decoupling for standard pumps and high-efficiency pumps without differential pressure control

In individual cases, one or more water circulation pumps may be needed for the respective heating circuits in addition to the device-internal water circulation pump. If this is the case, the heat pump circuit and the heat emitter circuit must be hydraulically decoupled via a buffer tank or a hydraulic switch (low loss header). When integrating without hydraulic decoupling, it must be ensured that the minimum circulation specified for the respective heat pump (see technical data) is maintained at all times. Automatic mixers or thermostatic valves can restrict the hot water circulation to such an extent that the flow falls below the minimum circulation. To prevent this, Panasonic recommends always combining heat transfer systems without hydraulic decoupling with an auto-bypass valve between the heating supply flow and return flow. The auto-bypass valve must be designed for the nominal volume circulation of the respective heat pump.

Hydraulic decoupling for high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control

In contrast to standard pumps, high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control have an independent controller. If the resistance in the heating circuit increases, e.g. because thermostatic valves close, the high efficiency pump detects an increased differential pressure and automatically reduces the speed and volume flow. That ensures that the water circulation pump does not consume electricity unnecessarily. The pump supplies the heat transfer system with a lower volume flow until the valves re-open and the speed increases automatically due to the decreasing differential pressure until the nominal volume flow or the target differential pressure is reached. The high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control used in the Aquarea heat pumps have two control modes that can be set at the pump. Δ p-c – constant differential pressure:

The electronic system holds the differential pressure target to be maintained by the pump at the value set (level 1 to 7) up to the maximum point. Panasonic recommends this type of control.

Δ p-v – variable differential pressure:

The electronic system changes the differential pressure target to be maintained by the pump (configurable between levels 2 to 6), whereby the differential pressure decreases simultaneously with the volume flow to max. half of the differential pressure target.

Hydraulics Hydraulic integration

Both types of control reduce the pump speed when the differential pressure or resistance in the heating circuit increases. As a result, the volume circulation decreases to a far greater extent than with unregulated standard pumps, and can cause the volume flow to drop below the minimum (see technical data) and thus to a fault. Attention

In contrast to standard pumps and pumps without differential pressure control, a hydraulic decoupling must be established between the heat pump circuit and heat consumer circuit when using Aquarea heat pumps with high-efficiency pumps – auto-bypass valves cannot be used. As an alternative to hydraulic decoupling via a hydraulic switch or a buffer tank, it can be implemented via a bypass using multiple non- restrictable or permanently open heating circuits. Rooms with continuous high heating requirements such as bathrooms are suitable for this. When using this option, you must also ensure that the minimum volume flow of the heat pump is always guaranteed.

In-line Filter/Strainer

Prior to connecting the return pipe to the heat pump, an in-line filter/ strainer must be installed on the building side to protect the heat pump. The mesh size of the in-line filter/strainer must be minimum 500 to 600 µm (micron), whereby the pressure loss though the installation of the dirt filter may not impair the operation of the heat pump. Failure to fit an in-line filter on install will invalidate the warranty, as well as cause permanent damage to the heat pump unit.

Magnetic Particle Filter

A magnetic particle filter is also recommended to be fitted to the system but is not a mandatory requirement, BUT a magnetic particle filer is not to be fitted in place of an inline filter only in addition to one.

Depending on the nominal heating capacity of the heat pump system the following total water volume in the system must be available: Nominal heating capacity up to incl. 9 kW:

Nominal heating capacity 12 kW up to incl. 16 kW: Note

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If the total water volume in the system is lower than the specified values, the system water volume must be increased using a buffer tank or an additional vessel.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Hydraulics Pumping height and pipe network resistance

5.13.2 Pumping height and pipe network resistance

The device-internal water circulation pump of Aquarea heat pumps differs in delivery height and delivery volume according to the series and model version. In addition, there are distinctions between standard pumps, highefficiency pumps without differential pressure control and high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control (see also unit overview at the start of the document and the technical data). While standard pumps have fixed configurable pump levels, high efficiency pumps have automatic speed control with a finer pump level setting option, which results in different pump curve characteristics (see the following sections). When designing the pump delivery head, all components of the piping network and their individual resistances must be incorporated at their rated volume flow. Components like mixers, valves and heat meters must be selected so that the rated flow matches the rated volume flow of the heat pump system. Tipp 1: Note the rated volume flow For efficient heat generation, heat pumps work with a spread between the supply and return flows of approx. 5 K. That distinguishes them from heat generators with burners, which can easily cope with a spread between the supply and return flows of roughly 10 or 20 K. The low temperature spread of heat pumps means that the volume flow of heat pumps is generally higher than heat generators with burners for transporting the same heat output. When planning, you must therefore pay particular attention to the rated volume flow and the resulting resistance of the pipe network.

Pump speed 3 Pump speed 2 Pump speed 1

Pump operating head [kPa]

Rated volume circulation

Sample pipe network resistance characteristic curve with a correctly set rated volume circulation at pump level 2 (standard pump) for the WH-MXF12D6E5

Hydraulics Pumping height and pipe network resistance

Tipp 2: Note the rated pipe diameter The pressure drop in the pipelines increases exponentially with the volume circulation. That means that doubling the rate of circulation increases the pressure drop by a factor of 4! This is due to the circulation speed in the pipe, which depends on the rate of circulation and the internal pipe diameter. As an alternative to pipe network calculations, the pressure drop in pipe sections can be determined via nomograms. The following applies as a recommendation for designing main distribution lines: • The circulation speed should be between 0.3 to max. 1.5 m / s

• The pressure drop per metre should be roughly 0.1 kPa / m

Based on these criteria, the required rated pipe diameter can be read from the copper pipe nomogram (see example). The recommended range is highlighted in colour. In order to determine the pipe network resistance of an entire line, the pressure drop per metre must be multiplied by the length of the respective sub-sections, and the pressure drop of the sub-sections must be added. The total resistance of a line is calculated from the total pressure drop of the sub-sections multiplied by an estimated supplementary factor of 1.5. Pressure drop [kPa / m] 0,05 0,06

pipe diameter for the

rated volume flow of 34 l / min:

Sample calculation of the rated WH-MXF12D6E5 with a

This results in a rated copper pipe

width of 35 × 1.5 at a pressure drop of 0.16 kPa / m and a circulation speed of 0.7 m / s

Pressure drop [Pa / m]

5.13.3 Pumping height

Pumping height standard pumps

Pump speed 3 Pump speed 2 Pump speed 1

The sum of individual resistances of all components of the network of pipes may not exceed the pump head under nominal rate of circulation. If the resistance of the network of pipes is too high, the nominal rate of circulation cannot be attained by the internal water circulation pump. The heat pump control system will register that the minimum circulation rate is not attained and therefore indicate malfunction.

70 Pump operating head [kPa]

Properties of the standard water circulation pump for the Aquarea heat pumps, 7 (Phase-out model) and 9 kW single phase.

Pump speed 3 Pump speed 2 Pump speed 1

Pump operating head [kPa]

Hydraulics Pumping height

Circulation rate [l / min]

Properties of the standard water circulation pump for the Aquarea heat pumps, 9 kW three phase and 12, 14 and 16 kW single phase and three phase.

70 Pump operating head [kPa]

Pump delivery head of high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control

Circulation rate [l / min]

Pump characteristic curve of the high-efficiency water circulation pump with differential pressure control for the Aquarea heat pump units WH-SDF03E3E5, WH-SDF05E3E5, WH-SDC03E3E5 and WH-SDC05E3E5

Pump operating head [kPa]

Circulation rate [l / min]

Pump characteristic curve of the high-efficiency water circulation pump with differential

pressure control for the Aquarea heat pump units WH-MDF06E3E5, WH-MDF09E3E5, WH-MDC09E3E5, WH-SXF09E3E8 and WH-SXF12D9E8 (Phase-out models)

Pump delivery head of high-efficiency pumps without differential pressure control

Pump operating head [kPa]

Hydraulics Hydraulic balancing | Peculiarities when cooling

Pump characteristic curve of the high-efficiency water circulation pump without differential pressure control for the Aquarea heat pump units of the F generation or later

5.13.4 Hydraulic balancing

The hydraulic balancing of the heat transfer system is achieved from correct setting of the circulation rates from regulating valves. In this manner, a situation where individual building areas are excessively heated up whereas other sections remain cold with low circulation rates is avoided. The hydraulic balancing is therefore a question of home comfort and at the same time also a prerequisite for efficient operation of air / water heat pump.

5.13.5 Special behaviour when cooling

Hydraulically, a heat pump system with cooling does not differ from a pure heating system. For the calculation of seasonal performance factor, both the heat produced and heat removed via cooling should be measured with a meter.

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Project Design Hydraulics Expansion vessel

5.13.6 Expansion vessel

With the exception of the mini Monobloc units with a heating capacity of 5, 6 and 9 kW respectively (see note), the Aquarea heat pumps have an internal expansion vessel with a capacity of 10 litres and an initial pressure of 1 bar. This expansion vessel can be used for heating systems with an overall quantity of water in the system of under 200 litres and a static head of not more than 7 metres (difference between the highest point of the system to the expansion vessel). When the overall quantity of water is greater than 200 litres or greater static heads are required, the pressure must be sustained by means of an expansion vessel that is installed in the building itself. In general the pressure limit of the pressure relief valve must be observed. This may be derived from the technical data and is maximum 3 bar.

Unlike the other units, the mini Monobloc units WH-MDC05F3E5, WH-MDF06E3E5 and WH-MDF09E3E5 with a heating capacity of 5, 6 and 9 kW respectively have an expansion vessel with only 6 litres capacity. Accordingly, these units can only be used in heating systems with a total water volume of less than 150 litres. The other conditions correspond to those of the other units.

The required expansion vessel is designed according to the nominal volume VN taking into account: System volume

(Total volume of the heating system)

(Depends on the pressure relief valve, max. 2.5 bar)

Admission pressure expansion vessel

Final pressure of the pressure relief valve

(Highest temperature in the system, e.g. 60 °C) (Initial pressure 1 bar)

1. The expansion volume Ve is based on the system volume, the maximum temperature and the expansion coefficient of water according to the following table: Tmax [°C]

Percentage expansion of water

2. The volume of the water header VV can be calculated by a simplified method: (with a nominal volume of VN < 15 litres) or VV = 0.2 × VN VV = 0.005 × VA (with a nominal volume of VN > 15 litres, whereby VV ≥ 3 litres)

Hydraulics Heating water quality | Use of buffer tanks

3. The final pressure of the pressure relief valve is derived from the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve minus a tolerance of 0.5 bar: pe = opening pressure pressure relief valve minus 0.5 bar

4. The admission pressure p0 must be such that it corresponds to the static head of the heating system and an additional pressure of max. 0.5 bar. A static head of 10 metres corresponds to 1 bar. The admission pressure of the Aquarea expansion vessel may have to be adjusted. Note

The calculation of the expansion vessel is done according to EN 12828 Heating systems in buildings – Design for water-based heating systems. For dimensioning with local requirements, design programs from manufacturers for expansion vessels can be used generally. These calculate also the required admission pressure values to be set on the expansion vessel.

Aquarea heat pumps may only be installed as closed systems without direct contact of the heating water to the ambient air. The oxygen transfer in open systems can lead to excessive corrosion of the piping and thus to problems in operation.

5.13.7 Heating water quality

To avoid damage to the heating system and to the heat pump, limestone formation in drinking water heaters and hot water heating systems must be observed. Furthermore, heating systems must be flushed thoroughly prior to filling them.

5.13.8 Use of buffer tanks

Buffer tanks can fulfil three functions in connection with heat pumps: • Bridging outage time by electrical supply companies, • hydraulic decoupling of the heat pump circuits from the heat transfer system and • extension of the heat pump service life by preventing frequent switch on and off (cycling), which reduces the system efficiency. Owing to the inverter technology of Aquarea heat pumps, the system capacity can be regulated in line with the heat requirement, ensuring efficiency and meaning a buffer tank is not needed, thus saving space. To bridge the outage time by the electrical supply company, heat transfer systems with greater storage capacity like underfloor heating systems can cater for adequate intermediate storage.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

On the following pages there are typical user examples of Aquarea heat pump systems with different applications and properties illustrated. An overview of the examples are shown in following table.

Several heating circuits

Overview of examples on the following pages with illustration of properties and applications. 3 and 8 show the respective previous schemes (2 and 7) in the cooling mode. 1FWS = Fresh water station * Suitable for units with high-efficiency pumps with differential pressure control

The schematic diagrams show the essential components. They serve as help for the planning of actual systems and do not include all the components and safety devices that are needed according to EN 12828. Relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

If you will be applying for Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) financial support, your installation may require metering equipment fitted or be designed to be “meter-ready”. For information and diagrams of where this must be fitted, please see: www.microgenerationcertification.org

2-way directional valve

3-way directional valve / 3-way mixer

Thermostatic valve / valve for individual room control

Drain funnel Shutoff valve Expansion vessel Pressure-reducing valve min. 50 l

Buffer tank for minimum volume Hydraulic switch

Control valve Pipe deaeration Non-return valve

Hot water thermostatic mixer Hot water appliances

Return flow Pressure relief valve

Supply Control cable

OPEN CLOSE N Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

4 Control for heating circuit mixer

Vessel for increasing the total water volume - to be used when the total volume is lower than the minimum volume.

CLOSE Cold water connection

Direct connection of heating circuits with bypass valve

OPEN CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

4 Control for heating circuit

Vessel for increasing the total water volume - to be used when the total volume is lower than the minimum volume.

CLOSE Cold water connection

(open in the heating mode)

6 2-way directional valve

Direct connection of heating circuits with bypass valve Radiators can be switched off for cooling mode via 2-way directional valves (image shows heating mode)

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

N L N OPEN CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

4 Control for heating cir-

Vessel for increasing the total water volume - to be used when the total volume is lower than the minimum volume.

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

CLOSE Cold water connection

(closed in the cooling mode)

6 2-way directional valve

Direct connection of heating circuits with bypass valve Radiators can be switched off for cooling mode via 2-way directional valves (image shows cooling mode)

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

Aquarea tank – Hot water tank and buffer tank in a single unit Compact hot water heating and hydraulic decoupling, minimum volume, buffer and heating circuit pump integrated into a single tank unit

Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

OPEN Cold water connection

8 Heating unit with burner

bivalent operation for

7 Higher-level control of

OPEN CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

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3 Outside temperature sensor

L Cold water connection

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

4 Control for heating circuit

heat pump and additional heating

Hydraulic decoupling of the heating circuits via a buffer tank Bivalent operation with an additional heating unit via an external system controller Hot water heating via a hot water tank

OPEN CLOSE N Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

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sensor (integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature

4 Control for heating circuit

Vessel for increasing the total water volume - to be used when the total volume is lower than the minimum volume.

CLOSE Cold water connection

(heating mode = open, cooling mode = closed)

6 2-way directional valve

Hydraulic isolation of the heating circuits by means of a heat exchanger

OPEN CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

HEAT Cold water connection

CLOSE Vessel for increasing the total water volume - to be used when the total volume is lower than the minimum volume.

Direct connection of heating circuits with bypass valve The circulation in the fan convector heating circuits is balanced. Suitable for heating and cooling mode (image shows heating mode)

OPEN CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

HEAT Cold water connection

CLOSE Vessel for increasing the total water volume - to be used when the total volume is lower than the minimum volume.

Direct connection of heating circuits with bypass valve The circulation in the fan convector heating circuits is balanced. Suitable for heating and cooling mode (image shows cooling mode)

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

mixer ( building side)

OPEN CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

1 Cold water connection

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

3 Outside temperature sensor

4 Control for heating circuit

6 Fresh water station

Hydraulic isolation of the heating circuits by means of buffer tank Layered tank for storing heat for hot water heating in the upper region (via a fresh water station) and heat for room heating in the lower region

3 Outside temperature sensor

CLOSE N COOL N COOL N CLOSE Schematic illustration – relevant standards and guidelines must be observed!

(integrated in the outdoor unit)

4 Control for heating circuit

5 Overriding control of the cascade

Heat pump cascade with hydraulic isolation of the heating circuits by means of buffer tank Closed-loop control of cascade operation by means of an external controller, taking into account operating time, redundancy and peak load.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature Aquarea LT

7 Appendix Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature Aquarea LT – Bi-Bloc system 16 14

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

7 kW (single phase) -15

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 55 °C.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Aquarea LT – Bi-Bloc system

Heating capacity [kW]

16 kW (single phase)

Supply water temperature 35 °C

14 kW (single phase)

Supply water temperature 55 °C

12 kW (single phase) -15

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

12 kW (three phase) -20

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 55 °C.

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

7 kW (single phase) WH-SDC07F3E5¹ WH-SDF07C3E5 WH-SDC07C3E5 (Phase-out models) 9 kW (single phase) WH-SDC09F3E5¹ WH-SDF09C3E5 WH-SDC09C3E5 (Phase-out models) 9 kW (three phase) WH-SDC09F3E8¹ WH-SDF09C3E8 WH-SDC09C3E8 (Phase-out models) 12 kW (single phase) WH-SDC12F6E5¹ WH-SDF12C6E5 WH-SDC12C6E5 (Phase-out models) 14 kW (single phase) WH-SDC14F6E5¹ WH-SDF14C6E5 WH-SDC14C6E5 (Phase-out models) 16 kW (single phase) WH-SDC16F6E5¹ WH-SDF16C6E5 WH-SDC16C6E5 (Phase-out models)

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

¹ Preliminary specifications

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Outside temperature -15

Supply water temperature 30

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the Bi-Bloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

¹ Preliminary specifications

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Aquarea LT – Monobloc system 16

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

9 kW (single phase) 2 0

Supply water temperature 55 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

16 kW (single phase) 2 0

14 kW (single phase)

Supply water temperature 55 °C

12 kW (single phase) -20

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 55 °C.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Aquarea LT – Monobloc system 16

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 55 °C

Supply water temperature 35 °C

9 kW (three phase) -20

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 55 °C.

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Outside temperature

Supply water temperature

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Outside temperature

Supply water temperature 30

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea T-CAP Aquarea T-CAP – Bi-Bloc system 16

Heating capacity [kW]

12 kW (single phase)

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW]

16 kW (three phase) 2 0

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

9 kW (three phase) -20

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 55 °C.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea T-CAP Outside temperature

Supply water temperature 30

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

¹ Preliminary specifications

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea T-CAP Aquarea T-CAP – Monobloc system 16

Heating capacity [kW]

12 kW (single phase)

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 55 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 55 °C.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea T-CAP Outside temperature

Supply water temperature 30

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea HT Aquarea HT – Bi-Bloc system 16

Heating capacity [kW]

12 kW (single phase)

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 65 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW]

Supply water temperature 35 °C

Supply water temperature 65 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 65 °C.

Aquarea air / water heat pump – design handbook 07 / 2014

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea HT Outside temperature

Supply water temperature 30

9 kW (three phase) WH-SHF09F3E8¹ WH-SHF09D3E8 (Phase-out models)

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the bi-bloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

¹ Preliminary specifications

Heating capacity in relation to supply water and outside temperature

Aquarea HT Aquarea HT – Monobloc system 16

Heating capacity [kW]

12 kW (single and three phase)

Supply water temperature 35 °C

9 kW (single and three phase)

Supply water temperature 65 °C

Outside temperature [°C]

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different outside temperatures and

a supply water temperature of 35 or 65 °C.

Outside t emperature

Supply water temperature 30

9 kW (single and three phase) WH-MHF09D3E5 WH-MHF09D3E8

Heating capacity [kW] of individual models of the monobloc system for different supply water and outside temperatures [°C].

Cooling capacity in relation to supply water and and outside temperature

Aquarea LT Cooling capacity in relation to supply water and and outside temperature Aquarea LT Outside temperature 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43 18 25 35 43

Supply water temperature 7 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.9 7 2.0 5.0 4.5 3.8 7 4.5 5.0 4.5 3.3 7 5.1 6.6 6.0 5.1 7 5.9 7.8 7.0 6.2 7 5.9 7.5 7.0 5.8 7 7.7 9.2 10.0 7.6 7 8.9 10.0 11.5 9.1 7 9.6 10.5 12.2 10.1

9 kW (single phase) WH-SDC09C3E5

9 kW (single and three phase) WH-MDC09 WH-SDC09C6E8 12 kW (single and three phase) WH-MDC12 / WH-SDC12 14 kW (single and three phase) WH-MDC14 / WH-SDC14 16 kW (single and three phase) WH-MDC16 / WH-SDC16

Cooling capacity [kW] of individual models of the split and monobloc systems for different outside temperatures and a supply water temperature of 7 °C.

Cooling capacity in relation to supply water and and outside temperature

Aquarea T-CAP Aquarea T-CAP Outside temperature

Supply water temperature 7

Cooling capacity [kW] of individual models of the split and monobloc systems for different outside temperatures and a supply water temperature of 7 °C.

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