PCM 1024A - Remote control equipment FUTABA - Free user manual and instructions

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USER MANUAL PCM 1024A FUTABA

Thank you for purchasing a FUTABA digital proportional radio control set Please read this manual carefully before using your set. The last page of this manual is a three-part foldout. Refer to thisfoldout when reading the manual.

ADJUSTABLE T R A V E L VOLUME (ATV)

The FUTABA PCM1024A system has numerous operating features and is designed for serious and experienced radio control hobbyists. Newcomers to the hobby should seek advice and assistance in operating this set. Improper operation can result in property damage and/or serious personal injury. Radio control model airplanes are not toys. If you are new to the hobby, it is recommended that you contact your local hobby dealer regarding clubs and individuals offering advice and assistance to beginners.

• FEATURES The PCM1024A was specially-developed to meet the needs of the serious and demanding R/C hobbyist. Numerous features make this system adaptable to a wide variety of complex radio control stunt and scale aircraft. This is the most advanced system available for FAI Precision Acrobatic (F3A) competition. The built-in microprocessor utilizing PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) makes this set very versatile and extremely noise and deadpoint resistant. Please read this manual carefully before using your set.

TRANSMITTER FP-T9VAP

• Trim positions for each model can be memorized by the Trim Memory function, allowing the trim levers and sub trimmers to be returned to neutral. Neutral positions can be reproduced in the future, or copied onto another model program if desired.
• The Tachometer function measures engine rpm by means of a built-in sensor.
• Speed can be measured for 1 to 5 bladed propellers.
• Digital alarm/timer has UP, DOWN, and RHYTHMIC timing modes
• Integrating (Total) Timer monitors total transmitter ON time.
• Ball bearing open gimbal sticks, angled switches, and "human-engineered" transmitter case enhance the feeling of comfort and precision in transmitter operation.
• "Quick Change" Nicd battery pack is easily accessable by means of a convenient panel on the transmitter back.
• Power Off function turns off the transmitter power automatically if the controls are not operated for 30 minutes.
• PCM or standard PPM operation can be selected. (Allows operation of standard FM receivers on the same frequency.)
• DSC (Direct Servo Control): The DSC cord allows operation of all servos without turning on the transmitter. The voltage of the transmitter and receiver Nicd batteries can also be read simultaneously using the cord.
• Servo reversing is available on all channels.
• Auto Dual Rate: If desired, aileron, elevator, and rudder dual rate can be turned ON and OFF automatically, according to throttle stick position.
• Stick length and angle is easily adjusted.
• Knobs and levers are conveniently located.

• Programming data is displayed pictorially and graphically on a large, easy-to-read LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel. Programming and Cursor keys allow convenient adjustment of aircraft functions.
• "1024" Channel Resolution: New 1024 PCM encoder format provides unexcelled servo resolution and response time.
• RF module uses a narrow band modulation circuit and PCM transmission.
• Precise control is made possible by.. three different endpoint adjustment functions: Adjustable Travel Volume (ATV), Adjustable Function Rate (AFR), and Adjustable Trim Rate.
• Dual Rates, Exponential, and Variable Trace Rate (VTR) functions provide unlimited flexibility in "fine tuning" aircraft control response.
• Numerous special control mixing functions have been refined for FAI R/C aerobatics (F3A). Four programmable mixing circuits provide tremendous versatility in adapting the system to diverse and specialized applications.
• Throttle -> pitch control mixing circuit is designed for use with variable-pitch propellers to maximize engine performance and reduce noise.
• Idle-Up lever: The engine idle speed can be independently adjusted during throttle ->> pitch control mixing.
• Pitch control lever: High pitch position on variable-pitch propellers is trimmable with the lever.
• Snap roll program allows four different programmable snap rolls to be performed at the touch of a button.
• Programming for up to six different models (including model name) can be stored in the transmitter memory. Memorized data is protected by a 5 year lithium battery.
• Accessory "sub-trimmers" are provided on the transmitter front for convenient field adjustment of frequently-used functions. [1]

• Extremely quick response, high resolution, and high reliability are achieved with a newlydeveloped, low voltage PCM decoder.
• RF amplifier and monolithic IF amp designed for high sensitivity.
• Dual conversion "1991" design with ultra narrow-band ceramic filter is immune to adjacent band interference (cross modulation interference, mutual modulation interference) and spark noise.
• Fail Safe and Battery Fail Safe functions provide greater safety and reliability.

• Servo Hold function eliminates "glitches" during momentary signal losses or strong interference.
• Gold-plated connector pins provide positive contact.
• DSC System: Operation of all servos is possible without turning on the transmitter by connecting the accessory cord directly to the C terminal of the receiver.

SERVO FP-S9101 +S5101

• High torque and high speed water-and dustproof servo with highest-quality coreless motor. <FP-S9101> Output torque 3.1 kg-cm (69.5 oz.-in.). Operating speed 0.16 sec/60°. <FPS5101> Output torque 4.0 kg-cm (55.6 oz.-in.). Operating speed 0.24 sec/60°.
• New indirect drive potentiometer improves vibration and shock resistance and neutral precision tremendously.
• Futaba custom 1C provides high starting torque, narrow dead band, and excellent trackability. Neutral holding force is also improved substantially.

• Fiberglass reinforced PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) molded servo case is mechanically strong and invulnerable to glow fuel.
• Strong polyacetal resin, ultra precision servo gears ensure smooth operation, positive neutral, and minimal backlash.
• Fiberglass reinforced epoxy resin PC board with thru-the-hole plating improves reliability against shock and vibration.
• Seven special adjustable splined output arms. [2]

• SET CONTENTS FP-9VAP Model Transmitter FP-T9VAP x 1 Receiver FP-R129DPx 1 Servos FP-S9101 x 4 , o r S 5 1 0 1 x 4 Switch SSW-J x 1 Nicd Battery NR-4J x 1 Misc. Battery charger, extension cord, DSC cord, CHG adaptor, DSC-CHG cord, frequency flag, spare output arms, neck strap, screws

• RATINGS Transmitter FP-T9VAP Charger PBC-8B (2) Operating System : Two-stick, 9 Channel, PCM Transmitting Frequency: 72MHz, 53MHz, 50MHz Modulation : FM- PCM/PPM selectable. Power Requirement : 9.6 volt (8/500mAH) internal Nicd battery Current Drain : 230mA Input Voltage Output Voltage : 1 20VAC, 60Hz, 4W : TX side 9.6V, 50mA RX side 4.8V, 50mA Servo FP-S9101 -5101 Control System Receiver FP-R129DP Operating Angle Receiving Frequencies 72MHz, 53MHz, and 50MHz Intermediate Frequency 1st IF : 10.7MHz 2nd IF:455kHz Power Requirement

4.8 volt Nicd battery (shared

w/servos) Current Drain 35mA (4.8V reception) Dimensions 63.0x37.8x24.1mm Weight 45g(1.6oz.) Receiving Range 500m (1,500 ft.) ground 1,000m (3,000ft.) air (When FP-T9VAP used under best radiowave conditions) [3] : + pulse width control 1520uS neutral : Each direction from neutral 45 or greater (including trim)

• RECEIVERS AND SERVOS Receiver, servo, switch, and battery connections Pitch Control Servo Spoiler Servo Pay careful attention to the polarity of the connectors. Flap Servo Receiver Crystal Lighter-shaded parts must be purchased separately. Landing Gear Servo Antenna Wire Rudder Servo PCM Receiver R129DP Throttle Servo Five servos are supplied as standard Elevator Servo Extension cord Aileron Servo Power Switch CH9 Connection Diagram Landing Gear Adaptor NR-4J CH9 Servo [4] The Channel order is:

• Connect the receiver, servos, switch harness, etc. as shown in the figure. Extend the transmitter and receiver antennas to their full length. Turn on the transmitter power switch, then turn on the receiver power switch. The servos will go to their neutral position. Move the transmitter sticks one at a time to check that each servo follows its control stick movement.
• Connect pushrods and linkages to the servos and check that the direction of travel of each servo matches the direction of movement of its control stick. If a servo does not move in the proper direction, use the servo reversing function (See page 14).
• Operate each servo to its full extent, and check for binding and/or excess slop in the linkage or pushrod. Unreasonable force on the servo arm may damage the servo and will drain the batteries very quickly.
• Adjust servo output arms and aircraft control linkage as necessary so that each servo moves smoothly throughout its full range of travel, even when the control stick and trim lever are operated simultaneously in the same direction.
• Be alert for possible sources of electrical noise. This set is noise-resistant, but the use of noiseless parts is recommended.
• When installing the switch harness, make sure that the switch can move smoothly, to its full extent in each direction without binding. Install the switch where it will not be exposed to engine oil, dust, dirt, etc. The switch can be installed inside the fuselage and operated from the outside with a piece of wire.

• Do NOT shorten the receiver antenna or fold it back along its length.
• When installing the servos, tighten the mounting screws so that the rubber grommets are compressed slightly. If the screws are too tight, the vibration-dampening effect of the grommets will be lost and servo failure may occur.
• The crystal can be changed without opening the receiver case. Always use a Futaba matched TX/RX crystal set to change frequencies.
• Extra servo output arms are supplied. Use them as needed.
• Use extension cords where necessary. RF "chokes" are not required with the PCM receiver.
• Wrap the receiver and the airborne battery pack separately in foam padding. Padding should be wrapped loosely for maximum vibration protection. Place each inside a waterproof plastic bag and secure the end of the bag with a rubber band.
• Use the rubber bands wrapped around the receiver to hold the servo and switch leads.
• After installation and adjustments are complete, perform a range check by collapsing the transmitter antenna and extending the receiver to its full length and operating the transmitter from a distance of 60 to 90 feet from the receiver (aircraft). The system should operate normally at this range.

BATTERY CHARGING INSTRUCTIONS

(Transmitter and Receiver Nicd Batteries) Before operating your system, recharge the Nicd batteries as follows:

• Connect the DIN connector of the FBC-8B (2) battery charger to the transmitter charging socket, and connect the 3P connector to the airborne NR-4J Nicd battery pack and plug the battery charger into a 120VAC outlet as shown in the figure.
• The TX and RX LEDs light to show that batteries are being charged. The Nicd batteries can also be charged through the DSC-CHG cord by connecting the CHG adaptor to the charger as shown in the figure. This allows the NR-4J airborne Nicd pack to be charged without removing it from the model.
• Normally recharge the battery for about 15 hours. If it has not been used for some time, discharge and recharge it two or three times, TX (Transmitter) Charging Method then charge it a full 15 hours.
• The amount of time remaining before the batteries must be recharged can be estimated by checking the integrated timer at the moment the TX battery alarm sounds (antenna extended).
• Leaving batteries in the discharged state for a long time will adversely affect their capacity and life.
• The TX and RX Nicd batteries can be charged simultaneously or independently.
• A fully-charged TX battery can be used for about 10 flights of 10 minutes each. The airborne NR-4J Nicd battery pack can be used for about 7 flights when 6 servos are used and about 4 flights when 10 servos are used. AC-120V Charger FBC-8B (2) Make this connection when using the DSC. RX (Receiver) DSC Cord Charging socket and DSC connector Female Receiver Female Install the accessory Male DSC-CHG cord Female (connector with tab) CHG to the side of Adaptor the aircraft fuselage to use the charging and DSC socket. Female DSC-CHG cord Female Male

• When the DSC cord is connected, the receiver power supply voltage is measured (no load). The voltage is displayed by "Ex" on the lower right side of the initial LCD screen. Male Female Male NR-4J Cut Here. Female

• The DSC (Direct Servo Controller) system connects the signals from the transmitter directly to terminal C of the receiver through the DSC cord and controls the servos without transmitting radio waves. \\ is extremely convenient when other dyers are on the same frequency, [6] or during contests, etc.
• When the DIN connector of the DSC cord is connected to the DSC socket, the power to the encoder of the transmitter is turned ON automatically The transmitter power switch is left OFF.
• When not using the DSC, disconnect the DIN connector to reduce battery drain.
• To operate the servos, turn on the airborne switch (only).

• BASIC TRANSMITTER T9VAP CONTROLS. Refer to the fold-out illustration in the back of the manual.

Aileron Elevator Throttle Rudder Landing Gear Switch Flap and Trim Control (CH6) Knob Spoiler (CH7) Knob Controls the spoilers as CH7. Non-slip Adjustable Control Sticks The length of the control sticks can be adjusted to suit operator preference. Part A Serves as Pitch Control High Side Trimmer in THR -> PIT mixing

Part B Unlock Parts A and B by turning them in opposite directions as indicated by the arrows, and adjust the control stick to the most comfortable length.

8. Pitch Control (CH8) Lever

Idle-Up Lever Sets engine idling speed during THR -> PIT mixing Adjustable Stick Angle The horizontal angle of the control sticks can be adjusted.

10. Flap Spoiler Elevator mixing switch

Upper Position: Elevator -> Flap mixing Center Position: OFF Lower Position: Flap -> Elevator mixing Spoiler 1 1. Snap Roll ON/OFF Switch Snap function operates when pulled forward. Switch is spring-loaded and snap function turns OFF when released.

12. Aileron Dual Rate Switch

15. Programmable Mixing ON/OFF Switch

16. Throttle -> Pitch Control Mixing ON/OFF

Switch Turn this screw with a Phillips screwdriver. The open gimbal stick angle can be adjusted from about 3° to the inside to 4.5° to the outside by turning the adjusting screw as shown. Adjust the control stick to the most comfortable angle. Phillips Screwdriver Transmitter RF Module Transmitter crystal to switch frequency on the same band, change this crystal. 72MHz Band 53MHz Band 50MHz Band To remove the module, pull the module outward while pushing tabs toward the center. A temperature rise in the RF module during use is normal. [7] Mini Stand Use this fold-out Mini Stand as shown when laying the transmitter down. This makes operation easier and protects the transmitter and module. Opening Trimmer Panel and Key Cover Flip up with the tab NOTE: Flip up at both sides with your fingers. Do not try to open the panel at the center. The cover may be damaged. Transmitter Battery Pack Replacement Screen contrast adjustment Remove the battery box cover. Lift out the Nicd battery pack and disconnect the connector. Spare crystal holder Adjust the screen contrast with the special screwdriver provided. The contrast increases when the adjusting screw is turned clockwise. NOTE: Be careful not to drop the Nicd battery pack. [8] Monitor Lamps

Elevator Dual Rate throw adjustment (This trimmer is ineffective if ELV D/R is not set to ACT) See D/R instructions page

Elevator up endpoint adjustment.

Elevator down endopoint adjustment. 7 . 6 - > 2MIX FLP. Airbrake Mixing Flap adjustment. 8 . 6 - > 2MIX ELE. Airbrake Mixing Elevator adjustment. (Trimmer No. 7 and 8 are ineffective if the Airbrake Mixing program is not set to ACT). See page The POWER Lamp lights when the transmitter power is turned ON. The ALARM LED Lamp at the right:

• Blinks off once per minute during Fail Safe data transmission.
• Blinks on and off when an activated mixing switch is ON (Snap roll. Air brake)
• Lights steadily at all other times. Functions of Sub-Trimmers Sub-trimmers are located on the front panel to allow convenient trimming of programmed settings on the field or during flight. Master the computer functions before using them.

Aileron Dual Rate throw adjustment (This trimmer is ineffective if AIL D/R is not set to ACT) See D/R instructions page [9]

• OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.
• When adjusting and setting the transmitter functions, connect the receiver and servos, and make the adjustments while observing the operation of the servos.
• Alternatively, when studying the operation of transmitter functions, remove the transmitter RF module (to reduce battery drain). The effects of adjustments can be viewed on the SRV program screen (See page 48).
• Set the power switch to the ON position. The standard screen shown below appears on the LCD display. Transmitter Battery Voltage Receiver Battery Voltage EDIT TIMER TACHOMETER

Integrating Timer display Pressing both keys simultaneously, resets the integrating timer. Display will read 0:00:00.

• Tx 10.1V Transmitter Voltage
• Ex 0.0V The receiver battery voltage can be measured by using the DSC cord supplied. TIMER The TIMER function can be used to monitor flying time, fuel consumption, at contests, etc. Four different timing functions are available: Up Timer, Down Timer, Rhythmic Timer, and Total (Integrating) Timer. Timer Functions

1) Up Timer This timer counts up from zero in

1 second steps. Its maximum count is 59:59. When the alarm time is set, a buzzer begins to sound 10 seconds before the set time is up. The buzzer also sounds at each 1 minute interval. When the time reaches 59:59, timing restarts from 00:00.

2) Down Timer This timer counts down from

the set time in 1 second steps. Operation is otherwise the same as the Up Timer.

3) Rhythmic Timer This is a 0.1 second cyclic

timer. A buzzer sounds at each set alarm interval. When the set alarm interval elapses, the counting automatically restarts.

4) Total (Integrating) Timer This timer records

the total transmitter ON time. It is very useful for estimating remaining Nicd battery capacity and monitoring total flying time. Maximum count is 59:59:59. [10] Setting Instructions

1) Display the standard screen.

2) Reset the Total Timer by pressing the two program keys simultaneously. RES

key. The TIMER program screen will appear on the display. The Up Timer will be displayed first.

4) Select the UP (Up), DN (Down), or RYT (Rhythmic) timer mode by pressing the

, or program key. The example shown is for the Up Timer.

5) To set the-alarm time, switch to the TIMER SET display by pressing the SET key. Move the cursor to

the timer mode to be set using the . and cursor keys. Pressing the RES key will Set the alarm time with the and program keys. When time and alarm setting is complete, return to the TIMER display by pressing the program key.

6) To start the timer, press the

program key. The program key characters change to the key is pressed, the timer stops.

program key is pressed, the display returns to the standard screen. Timer Counting Range 1. UP/DN Timers 55min.59sec.

55 hrs. 59 min. 59 sec.

3. Rhythmic Timer 0.5 sec. to 59.9 sec. interval

'ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

TACHO METER Tachometer The tachometer function is used to measure the speed on one to five-bladed propellers, etc. Speed (rpm) is measured up to a maximum of 50,000 rpm (in 20 rpm increments). Setting Method

1) Display the standard screen, and press the

2) Press program key

to select the number of blades. Ex: for a two-bladed propeller.

3) Measure the speed by pointing the built-in

sensor on the transmitter (center of the left side panel) at the front or rear of the propeller disc from a distance of 8 to 12 inches. Be sure the model is restrained by an assistant, and be very careful of the rotating propeller. Allow a few seconds for the display to stabilize, then read the measured value. Maximum speed range is 50,000 rpm. Low Battery Warning Low Battery Warning This function operates when the transmitter Nicd battery voltage drops below 8.5 volts. The characters "LOW BATTERY" blink on the screen, and a buzzer sounds. When this occurs, land immediately and recharge or replace the Nicd battery pack. Back Up Warning Back Up Warning When the stored data is lost, the characters "BACK UP" blink on the screen and a buzzer sounds. When the power switch is turned on again, the error display disappears and all the settings return to the factory-set values. When a Back Up error occurs, the back-up lithium battery is probably dead, or there is trouble in the system. To locate the cause, call your Futaba service center. The back up lithium battery life depends on the usage state, but is about 5 years. SYSTEM PROGRAMMING Press the EDIT program key [EDT] of the standard screen. End (Returns to preceding screen) Adjustable Function Rate System functions are programmed and adjusted by using the LCD display screen, the five DATA INPUT (Program) keys, and the four CURSOR keys. NOTE: At all times, pressing the END program key will return the display to the next previous screen. To return to the standard screen, just keep pressing the END key. Pressing the EDT (EDIT) program key of the standard screen will display the EDIT or "Menu" screen. The

• I and t cursor keys can be used to move the cursor bar to Line 1, 2, or 3 of the screen. The program keys are used to select the desired programming screen to be displayed. [13]

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

REVERSE Servo Reversing This function is used to change the direction of servo operation in relation to control stick or lever movement. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen, the select the REVERSE screen by pressing the REV program

2) Select the desired channel with the <- and

3) Select NORMAL or REVERSE operation by

pressing the NOR or REV program key. In the display example, RUD (Rudder) is set to REVERSE.

4) Return to the EDIT screen by pressing the

END program key. FAIL SAFE Fail Safe Fail Safe and Hold Functions The HOLD (Hold) and F/S (Failsafe) functions are designed to allow the aircraft to "fly through" a momentary loss of signal or very strong interference, rather than experiencing the familiar "glitch" as the servos react violently to the unwanted signal. These functions cannot be expected to prevent a crash however, if the normal signal interruption is of sufficient duration. The HOLD function stops the servo at the position held just before the normal signal is lost. When a normal signal is again received, the Hold function is released. The FAILSAFE function will move a servo to a pre-set position when the normal signal is interrupted for 1 second or longer (The system will remain in HOLD for the first 1 second of signal loss). When a normal signal resumes, FAILSAFE is released. BFS (Battery Fail Safe) Function The BFS function moves the throttle (CH3) servo to the pre-set Fail Safe position when the airborne power supply is nearly exhausted. If no Fail Safe position has been set, the throttle servo will move to medium slow (neutral). BFS can be released by lowering the throttle stick past the release point (adjustable), or with the CH9 switch. Throttle control is then regained for about 30 seconds. At the end of 30 seconds, BFS will re-engage and the throttle will again move to the Fail Safe position. Whenever BFS engages, land the aircraft as quickly as possible and recharge or replace the Nicd battery pack. [14] Fail Safe and Hold General Instructions Fail Safe

• F/S or HOLD can be selected for each channel (1 to 8).
• Channels selected for HOLD will remain in HOLD until a normal signal resumes. Those selected for F/S will move to their pre-set positions after 1 second of signal interruption.
• F/S SET simultaneously stores the desired Fail Safe position in the transmitter memory and sends it to the receiver.
• The F/S data is automatically sent to the receiver when the transmitter is first turned ON and at one minute intervals as long as the transmitter is left on.
• The F/S position can be checked with the CHK program key.
• Only the Throttle channel (CH3) can be set for Battery Fail Safe. Fail Safe Setting

1) Display the EDIT screen, then select the

FAILSAFE screen by pressing the F/S program key.

2) Move the cursor to the desired channel with

and cursor keys and select the HOLD or F/S for each channel by pressing the program key. When Failsafe is selected, the number 50 will appear below the appropriate channel on the POSI-(%) line of the FAILSAFE screen.

3) Store the Failsafe positions in the transmitter

key while holdmemory by pressing the ing the stick or lever of the channel being set in the desired Failsafe position. Simultaneously, the data is also transmitted to the receiver and is automatically re-transmitted at one minute intervals. In the example below, Battery Fail Safe Setting

1) Set the Failsafe position on the throttle channel (CH3) as described above. A position

slightly above the minimum engine idle speed is recommended.

2) BFS Release Point Setting (When THR is

designated as the release channel)

• Move the cursor to the B/FS-RESET line of the FAILSAFE screen with the cursor key.
• Select the BFS release channel with the program key.
• Set the throttle stick to the desired BFS release point and press the program key. This designates CH3 (Throttle) as the release channel and sets the stick release point simultaneously.

3) To release BFS by the CH9 switch, press the

• BFS can be released by the CH9 switch only when the switch is moved to the upper position. If the CH9 switch is in the lower position, BFS cannot be released.
• In the BFS release state, the characters 0%RESET are displayed on the B/FS-RESET line of the FAILSAFE screen.

4) If Battery Fail Safe is not desired, press the

program key (when the cursor is on the B/FS-RESET line). The BFS function will then be disabled. (Throttle) was set to Fail Safe and Battery Fail Safe.

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

ADJUSTABLE TRAVEL VOLUME

• The ATV function is used to adjust servo travel limits. Servo travel can be adjusted independently in each direction from neutral. Adjustment from 30% to 110% of normal full travel (throw) is possible.
• NOTE: When servo travel is changed by ATV, the limits of trim throw and the Dual Rate ON (Low Rate) limits are increased or reduced by the same percentage.
• ATV limits are displayed by a bar graph and numbers. The point at which the cursor moves from left to right, as the stick or lever is moved, is the electrical neutral point of that channel. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen, then select the ATV

program screen by pressing the program key.

2) Rate data (endpoint limits) for Channels 1 to

4 is displayed on the screen. To display and adjust Channels 5 to 8, press the program key. Rate data for Channels 5 to 8 will be displayed.

3) Select the channel to be set with the

4) Operate the control stick, lever, or switch of

the channel to be adjusted to its maximum extent in the desired direction. The cursor will automatically move to the left or right confirming the direction to be set.

5) Servo endpoint limits can be set by pressing

the and program keys while holding the appropriate stick or lever in the same direction. Pressing the program key will return the set limit to 100%.

6) When you are finished, press the

key to return to the EDIT screen. In the example shown, the CH1 (Aileron) right throw is reduced to 90%. In the bar graph illustration below, the right hand throw is reduced to 50% of normal, while the left hand throw is set to 100%. Note that on the right side. Dual Rate ON (Low Rate) and Trim throw limits are also reduced to 50% of normal. [16]

ADJUSTABLE FUNCTION RATE

AFR is a servo endpoint limiting function, similar to ATV with three exception: trol response without the necessity of going through the usual programming steps. Adjustments can even be made during flight (by an assistant). Maximum adjustment available on the sub trimmers is ±25% of the amount of travel set on the AFR program screen. Setting Method

1) The setting method for AFR is the same as for

2) Select the EDIT screen and press the AFR program key.

3) The percentage figures displayed on the

extreme left and right sides of the screen (CH1 and CH2 only) show the total amount of travel actually set (The amount set with the program keys + or — the amount set with the AFR sub trimmers.)

4) When the sub trimmers are turned slowly, a

tone will sound at the exact neutral position. With the sub trimmer in neutral, the total travel will equal that set with the program keys.

1. AFR limits only the Dual Rate OFF (High

Rate) servo travel. Trim throw and Dual Rate ON (Low Rate) limits are unaffected (unless AFR is reduced below the D/R ON limit).

2. AFR can be used with mixing functions to

adjust more than one channel simultaneously. For example, let's assume that the Aileron Differential mixing program is activated, and that CH1 controls the right aileron and CH7 controls the left aileron. AFR can be used to adjust the aileron control response because the CH1 and CH7 servos will be affected simultaneously (Ex: Reducing the left aileron AFR will reduce the left hand servo (CH7) UP throw and the right hand servo (CH1) DOWN throw simultaneously.). With ATV, the CH1 servo and CH7 servo throws in the above example would have to be adjusted separately.

3. AFR sub trimmers are available on the front

trimmer panel for Aileron and Elevator AFR. These allow quicker field adjustments in con- In the bar graph illustration below, the right hand throw is reduced to 70% of normal throw by A F R . Note that the Dual Rate ON (Low Rate) limit and Trim throw limits remain the same on both sides (Compare with the ATV illustration on page 16). NOTE: Trim Limits and D/R Limits same in both directions. [17]

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

DUAL RATE Dual Rate functions allow the modeler to switch servo travel limits in flight, thus varying the control sensitivity for different flight conditions or maneuvers.

• Dual Rate functions are available on CH1 (Aileron), CH2 (Elevator), and CH4 (Rudder).
• Dual Rate ON (Low Rate) limits can be adjusted from 30% to 100% of full throw.
• If servo travel is reduced by ATV, the D/R ON throw will be 30% to 100% of the limit set by ATV (in D/R OFF). If AFR is used, the D/R ON limit is unaffected, and will be 30% to 110% of normal (full) throw.
• Dual Rate ON limits can be adjusted independently in each direction from neutral.
• There are three D/R ON/OFF Switches. Control of the three D/R functions can be assigned to these switches in any combination the modeler desires, or D/R functions can be switched ON and OFF automatically according to the position of the Throttle stick.
• The ON/OFF directions of the D/R Switches can be reversed using the PARAMETERS program screen (See page 43).
• In the AUTO D/R mode, the D/R functions can be turned ON and OFF according to the position (adjustable) of the throttle stick.
• The Trimmer Panel has D/R sub trimmers for CH1 (AIL) and CH2 (ELV). The D/R ON limits can be trimmed ± 25% of the amount set on the screen using these trimmers. The characters in ( ) on the far right side of the screen (CH1 and CH2 only) indicate the actual set amount (the amount set with the program keys ± the sub trimmer setting). Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen, then select the DUAL

RATE screen with the program key.

2) Select the channel to be set with the

3) Move the cursor to the

position with the cursor key and press the program key to activate or deactivate the D/R function for that channel.

key is pressed, "ON"or "OFF" will be displayed in the "INH" position, depending upon the position of the pertinent D/R ON/OFF switch.

and cursor keys, move the cursor to the L/D or R/U position and set the desired D/R ON throw with the program keys. Pressing the program key will return the set limit to 100%. 100%.

6) Select the desired ON/OFF Switch for each

D/R function by movinq the cursor to the "sw" position with the key and selecting switch No. 1, 2, or 3 with the ,or program key. The D/R ON/OFF Switches are designated by numbers as follows: 1 ... Aileron D/R As designated on the 2 ... Elevator D/R transmitter front. 3... Rudder D/R Each switch may be used to control one, two, or all three D/R functions as desired.

7) Field adjustment of the D/R ON limits is

convenient using the AIL and ELE. D/R sub trimmers on the trimmer panel. The adjustment range is ± 25% of the amount set with the program keys. A tone will sound at the neutral (sub trim amount = 0) position of each sub trimmer. [18] Auto Dual Rate

• Dual Rate functions may be switched ON and OFF automatically, according to the Throttle (CH3) control stick position.

1) Move the cursor to the "mode" position with

the cursor key. cursor key to select the

D/R function to be set to AUTO and press the program key.

and cursor keys- to move the cursor to "pos".

4) Set the Throttle stick at the point you wish

ON/OFF switching to occur, and press the program key.

5) When the Throttle stick is below the ON/OFF

switching point and the pertinent D/R ON/ OFF Switch is set to OFF, Dual Rate will be OFF.

• If the assigned D/R ON/OFF Switch is set to ON, then D/R will be ON even if the Throttle stick is still below the ON/OFF point.

6) When the Throttle stick is moved above the

ON/OFF point, then D/R will be ON, regardless of the position of the D/R ON/OFF Switch. NOTE: Dual Rate ON/OFF Switch directions can be reversed using the PARAMETER program screen (See D/R SW DIR page 43). In the example shown, the AIL Dual Rate function will be switched to D/R ON (Low Rate) when the Throttle stick is moved above the 10% position. AIL and RUD D/R functions are both set to switch No. 3. End Soft Key Press the program key to return to the EDIT screen. [19]

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

Select the EDIT screen, and move the cursor to Line 2 with the Exponential Mixing Trim Parameter Model

cursor key. End EXPONENTIAL/VTR Exponential or VTR functions can be used to change the servo response curve from the normal linear operation. This can be very helpful if control response is either sluggish or too sensitive near the neutral position. Maximum servo deflection limits (set by ATV and/or A FR) remain the same. Exponential

• With Exponential control, the amount of servo movement in relation to a given amount of control stick deflection can be made to steadily increase (or decrease) as the stick is moved farther from neutral (or as in the case of CH3 (Throttle), from one extreme to the other).
• Exponential control is available on CH1 to CH8.
• Two different types of Exponential response curves can be selected. The TYPE 1 Curve is symmetrical in both directions from neutral. This type is generally used, when desired, on "neutralizing" controls such as AIL, ELEV. and RUD. The TYPE 2 Curve is exponential in one direction over the full stroke of the control stick or lever. This type is normally used with functions such as THR.
• The amount of exponential can be varied from 0% to 100% in 4% steps. By using positive or negative exponential with either the TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 EXPO Curves, a total of four different types of Exponential control response can be selected. [20] TYPE 1 Positive With this type of curve, control response will be made more sensitive near neutral and less sensitive as the stick is deflected farther towards its extreme limits. TYPE 1 Negative With this type of curve, control response wilt be "softer" around neutral and increase as the stick is deflected farther. TYPE 2 Positive With this type of curve, response will be most sensitive at the LOW end of control stick travel, and decrease as the stick is moved toward HIGH. TYPE 2 Negative With this curve, the response is less at the LOW end and steadily increases as the stick is moved toward HIGH.

• When VTR is used, servo response remains linear, but the response is automatically switched to a higher rate at a certain (adjustable) point in the control stick deflection.
• The initial response rate is the same as the Dual Rate ON rate (See page 18).
• Maximum servo travel limit is still controlled by ATV and/or AFR. Setting Methods Exponential

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 2 with the cursor key. or Select the EXPONENTIAL/VTR program screen by pressing the program key.

2) Select the channel to be set with the

cursor key, then select the operation mode with the program , or key. VTR is available only on CH1, CH2, and CH4.

3) When the EXP mode is selected, the type of

curve can be selected by moving the cursor to the "typ" position with the cursor key and pressing the program key. (The type of curve is not selected in the VTR mode.)

4) When the EXP or VTR mode is selected, the

servo response curve is displayed on a graph at the right side of the screen. The amount of Expo can be changed by moving the cursor to the "rate" position and pressing the program key. When the program key is pressed, the rate is preset to 0% (0% = normal or linear).

5) In the VTR mode, the "rate" adjustment is

used to adjust the stick position at which the servo response changes from Low to High. The initial (Low) rate is adjusted by the D/R adjustment program (See page 18).

6) Channels 5 through 8 can be displayed and set

by pressing the program key. In the above example, a TYPE 2 Negative Exponential Curve is shown. This type is often helpful on the Throttle channel. Depending on the carburetor design and linkage, actual power transition can be made more linear in relation to stick movement. (About -20% is a good initial setting for fixed-wing aircraft).

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

• Mixing allows two or more channels to be controlled by a single transmitter control stick or lever. This set features Programmable Mixing with four independent mixing circuits, along with special built-in mixing circuits.
• NOTE: Only PROG-MIX Programmable Mixing can be used in the BASIC Parameter mode. (See PARAMETER, page 43). There are six types of mixing (including Prog. Mixing). 1: PROG-MIX Programmable Mixing 4: AIR-BRAKE 6, 7 ->2 MIX 2: SNAP-ROLL Snap Roll 3: WING-TYPE Wing Type (Mutual Mixing) 5: PITCH-MIX 3->8MIX 6: ELV->FLP Elevator -> Flap Mixing 2->6MIX Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 2 with the cursor key, then press the [MIX program key. to 6 can be selected with the program keys.

3) To use 1: PROG-MIX, press the 1 program

key. The PROGRAMABLE MIX screen will be displayed. PROGRAMABLE MIX Programmable Mixing Four separate Programmable Mixing circuits allow almost infinite mixing combinations. The features of this program provide the modeler with unlimited versatility in trimming and control ing complex, high-performance models.

Mixing of any two channels is possible. Four completely independent mixing circuits are available. Mixing amounts can be adjusted independently in either direction from neutral or offset point. The PROG-MIX ON/OFF Switch can be selected.

• The point at which the mixing direction reverses is fully-adjustable.
• PROG-MIX circuits can be mixed with or "slaved" to built-in mixing functions.
• PROG-MIX circuits can be mixed with each other.
• Trim corrections on the "Master" channel can be added to the slave channel or not, as desired.
• Bi-directional mixing can be accomplished using two mixing circuits (Ex: Flapperons)
• Adverse coupling of control inputs in fixed-wing aircraft can be eliminated. (Ex: Tendency to roll when rudder is applied in knife-edge flight.) Slave Channel + and - indicate the direction of mixing Master Channel Circuit is usable when set to ON When the SET program key is pressed, the CHANNEL SETTING screen is displayed. Mixing Circuit Number Operation (Mixing) Amount When ON, the trim inputs to the "Master" channel are also mixed to the "Slave" channel. When OFF, trim on the "Master" channel affects the "Master" channel only. Switch Mode (ON/OFF Switch Selection)

Indicates the control stick position that the mixing reference point (R/L or U/D Direction Change Point) is offset to.

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

Master and Slave Channel Selection In the first example shown, THR (Throttle) is set at "mas". The Master channel can be changed by pressing the program key. or The cursor can be moved to the "slv" position with the selected by pressing the + or - program key.

cursor key and the Slave channel Master Channel Setting Slave Channel Setting

1) Select the PROG-MIX screen as described on

2) Select the CHANNEL SETTING screen by

pressing the SET program key.

3) The Master channel can be set by pressing the

program key to change the channel.

4) The mixing circuit to be programmed can be

selected by moving the cursor with the cursor key.

1) Move the cursor to the "slv" position with the

2) Select the Slave channel with the

program key. In the example above, the Slave channel on MX1 (Mixing Circuit No. 1) is set to AIL. [24] Combination of Mixing Circuits Mixing Number Method Programmable mixing circuits can be combined with each other, or with built-in mixing circuits by two methods.

1) Setting a Mixing Circuit No. in the "mas"

position (MX1, MX2, MX3, or MX4). and setting. Depending upon which channels are selected on different mixing circuits, MX1, MX2, MX3, or MX4 can be displayed in the "mas" position. The slave channel of the mixing number displayed in the "mas" column, then becomes a Master channel on the mixing circuit line that it is displayed and the two circuits are connected. and

will key. The character appear next to the appropriate channel on the left side of the screen to indicate that has been set. are displayed when the cursor is in the "mas" position. are displayed when the cursor is in the "slv" position.

3. Displayed when cursor is in "mas"

position. Indicates that Master channel is "slaved" to another circuit. Displayed [25] for slave channel

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

and is set. The cursor is then moved to the "mas" position and is set. MX3 is turned OFF (Set to This is also the equivalent of AIL -> ELV -> RUD mixing.

• Combinations allow more efficient use of the number of mixing circuits. An example is shown below. When and are not used, three circuits are required for the mixing program shown below. Programable mixing is performed from Aileron to Elevator and Rudder, and from Elevator to Rudder. This is the same as AIL -> ELV -> RUD mixing. Setting MX1 as the MX2 Master channel in the example is the same as setting XON . The same mixing program as in Example 1 can be set up usinq only two 2 mixinq circuits when the and functions are used. MX1 is set to AIL -> ELV mixing. MX2 is set to ELV -> RUD mixing. The cursor is moved to the MX1 "slv" position,

• Combinations are effective when the number of mixing circuits is insufficient, and when PROG-MIX circuits are mixed with built-in mixing circuits.

• Activation of Programmable Mixing Circuits

• Mixing Rate and Direction Setting

1) Move the cursor to the ' INH" position with

2) To activate the circuit, press the

key. "ON" or "OFF" will be displayed according to the position of the designated Mixing ON/ OFF switch.

3) To deactivate the mixing circuit, press the

program key. The mixing rate setting determines the amount of deflection of the Slave servo in relation to movement of the Master channel control stick or lever. Both the amount (rate) and direction (+ or -) of movement can be set independently, either side of the mixing point (neutral).

1) Move the cursor to the R/U or L/D position

with the cursor key.

2) Set the desired rate with the

3) The servo operating direction can be changed

with the and program keys. [26] Mixing ON/OFF Switch Selection Programmable Mixing can be designated as "always ON" or switched ON and OFF in flight by any four different switches.

1) Move the cursor to the "sw" position with the

2) Press the appropriate program key (

through ) for the switch selection desired. Switch assignments are designated by numbers as shown below:

ELEV. D/R Switch Trim ON/OFF Setting

• In the "Trim ON" mode, trim lever inputs on the Master channel will be "carried over" to the Slave channel, causing a corresponding change in the Slave channel neutral position when the mixing is ON. In the "Trim OFF" mode, trim changes to the Master channel affect the master channel only, regardless of the mixing ON/OFF switch position.

• Trim ON/OFF selection is only relevant if the Master is a primary control stick (AIL, ELEV, RUD, AND THR). Setting Method

1) Move the cursor to the "trm" position with

2) Select the "Trim ON" or "Trim OFF" mode

with the program key. OffsetfRate and Direction Change Point)Setting

• Normally, the neutral (center) position of the Master channel control stick will be the point at which the Slave channel servo rate and direction change occurs. This control stick position can be changed (Offset) if desired.

1) Move the cursor to the "ofs" position with

2) Move the Master channel control stick to the

desired position at which you wish rate and direction change of the Slave channel servo to occur. (Mixing amount = 0 Point)

key. The Master channel stick position is memorized and will be displayed as a percentage in the "ofs" position of the screen. "+" indicates a stick position to the R/U side of neutral. "-" indicates a position to the L/D side of neutral. "0%" indicates that the direction will change at the normal control stick neutral position.

EXAMPLES OF PROGRAMABLE MIXING

Programmable Mixing combinations are extremely versatile and can be as complex as desired, limited only by the modeler's needs and imagination. A few/examples of how mixing functions can be used are shown below:

• Eliminating Unwanted Control Interactions Adverse control interactions (caused by trim, model inaccuracies, etc.) can be compensated for automatically, with the use of the Programmable Mixing function. As an example, let's presume that when top rudder is applied during "knife-edge" flight, an unwanted movement toward the top of the aircraft occurs. We can use a Programable Mixing circuit to automatically apply a small amount of DOWN Elevator control with the application of top (Right or Left!) Rudder. Setting Method

1) Select the PROGRAMABLE MIX

press the SET key to display the SETTING screen.

2) Select RUD as the Master "mas"

MX1 circuit using the + or key. screen and CHANNEL channel on - program

3) Move the cursor to the "slv" position and

select ELV as the Slave channel. RUD -> ELV will appear on the right side of the screen.

4) Return to the PROGRAMABLE MIX screen

by pressing the key.

5) Move the cursor to the "inn" position and

6) Move the cursor to the R/U and L/D positions. The direction of Elevator movement is

set with the and program keys, and the rate (amount) of movement set with and program keys. Set the rate and direction to give a small amount of DOWN Elevator with the application of either direction of Rudder.

7) Move the cursor to the "sw" position and

select the desired Mixing ON/OFF Switch option.

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

F3A Pattern Aircraft The figures below show multiple mixing functions in an F3A contest aircraft. Both built-in and Programmable mixing functions are used. Elevator Flap (CH6) mixing and Aileron Differential (CH1 and CH7) are used. In addition, the PROG-MIX function is used to allow the ailerons (CH1 and CH7) to act as flaps (flapperons) when ELV -> FLP mixing is ON. Setting Method flap Mixing (Built-in)

program key. Press the Flap Mixinq, paqe See Elevator

2) Aileron Differential Mixing (Built-in)

Press the program key. See Aileron Differential Mixing, page

1. Select the Programmable Mixing CHANNEL SETTING screen.

2. Set the "mas" channel to FLP with the

program key. ("Slaves" the PROG MIX 1 circuit to the built-in ELV -> FLP circuit.)

4. Move the cursor to the "slv" position with

the cursor key and set the "slv" channel to AIL with the key. or

program key. ("Slaves" the built-in AIL DIFF circuit to the PROG MIX 1 circuit.) All the mixing channels are now designated. The screen should appear as below.

6. Return to the PROGRAMABLE MIXING

program key. screen by pressing the

7. Move the cursor to the "inn" position and

8. Move the cursor to the "sw" position and

select the ON/OFF switch option desired.

4) Rate (amount) of movement of the FLP

(CH6) servo in relation to the Elevator control stick is set in the ELV -> FLP mixing screen (page 40).

5) Aileron differential is set with the AILERON

DIFFERENTIAL screen (page 32).

6) UP and DOWN movement of the Ailerons

(CH1 and CH7) in relation to Elevator stick movement will be influenced by the rate set for ELV -> FLP mixing and by the rate set at U/R and L/D on the PROGRAMABLE MIXING screen. If the U/R and L/D rates are set at 100%, then the UP and DOWN movement of the Ailerons (at ELV -> FLP MIX ON) will be the same as set in Step 4) above. F3B R/C Gliders

• Variable Wing Camber (Flaps and Flapperons) and Glide Path Control ("Butterfly" or "CROW" Mixing)
• CH1 and CH6 are used for Aileron servos. CH7 is used for the inboard Flaps. (2 servos with Y harness or 1 servo with dual linkage.) Setting Method

1) Select the PROGRAMABLE MIX screen and

press the SET program key.

2) Set the Master and Slave channels up as

shown (See page 25): ->FLP->SPO THR->FLP-> THR->SPO ELV->SPO

Return to the PROGRAMABLE MIX screen by pressing the END key. Set the screen up initially as shown: NOTE: Set Offset on MX2 and MX3 with the Throttle control stick at the full HIGH position.

Select the FLAPPERON screen and press the program key. Move the cursor to the TRIM position and set the rate at 100%. Return to the MIXING screen and move the cursor bar to the 2ND line. Press the program key to display the A I R - B R A K E screen. Move the cursor to the ACT/INH position and press the key. Move the cursor to the FLP-TRIM position and set the trim rate to 100%.

• Right and left aileron servos (CH1 and CH6) operate to give normal aileron action when the aileron control stick is deflected.
• The Flap (CH6) Knob can be used to raise or lower all four wing surfaces simultaneously to vary wing camber.

• Moving the Throttle (CH3) stick from high to low will lower the flaps and raise the ailerons for Glide Path Control ("Butterfly" or "CROW") mixing.
• Moving the A I R B R A K E (6-7 -> 2 MIX) Switch to the ON position will lower all wing surfaces to a pre-set position. Slight DOWN camber is suggested for launching.

9) Change mixing and/or servo directions as

necessary due to aircraft linkage, etc.

10) Adjust mixing rates, throws, etc. as desired.

Be careful that combined throws are not excessive for the servo mechanics, linkage, etc.

11) Elevator -> Flap mixing can be used if desired (See page 40).

SNAP ROLL Snap r o l l s can be performed using the Snap Switch. Four snap roll directions can be set: R/U (right up), R/D (right down), L/U (left up), and L/D (left down) snap. The snap r o l l direction is displayed on the screen. The throw of each servo (AIL, ELV, and RUD) is adjustable.

1. When the ENT (enter) key is

pressed, the throw of each stick is set. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor to Line 2 with the

cursor key, then press the MIX pro- gram key.

program key. The SNAP-ROLL screen will be displayed.

3) To activate the Snap Roll program, press the

PROGRAM KEY. To inactivate the Snap Roll, press the key.

4) Servo throw is set by pressing the

program key. a) If the key is pressed when the cursor is in the "ACT/INH" position, all rates will be set to the maximum AFR rate for each channel. b) Rates can be set individually by moving the cursor to each rate position and using the ,or program key. A good starting point is AIL - 110%, RUD - 50%, and ELV - 80%.

1. Snap roll not performed when

LOCK. Snap roll performed when FREE.

5) Snap Roll direction can be selected during flight using the switches on the transmitter back.

6) AUTO Mode Setting:

a) Move the cursor to the MANUAL/AUTO position with the cursor key. b) Set the retract Gear (CH5) Switch in the "gear down" position. Press the program key. "AUTO" and "LOCK" will be displayed. In the AUTO mode, the Snap Switch is inactivated when the landing gear is down (LOCK) and activated when the landing gear is retracted (FREE). c) To return to the MANUAL mode, press the program key. NOTE:

1) After setting the AUTO mode, always check to be certain that Snap Roll is only active when

the landing gear is UP.

2) SNAP ROLL mixing is not available in the BASIC mixing mode.

WING TYPE The WING TYPE program includes four built-in mixing circuits.

Servo directions and throws are fully-programmable. Setting Method Displaying the WING TYPE screen:

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 2 with the cursor key, then press the MIX program key.

program key. NOTE: WING TYPE mixing is not available in the BASIC mixing mode. (Aileron Differential) A differential between up and down movement of each aileron can be programmed. This is very helpful in correcting roll axis deviations. A separate servo must be used on each aileron. CH1 is used to control one aileron, and CH7 the opposing aileron.

program key and to deactivate the function, press the key. to be set using the cursor keys. In the display example, the cursor was moved to the AIL (CH1) R/U position. (R/U represents the aileron right stick deflection and L/D represents the left stick deflection.)

4) Set the throw of the AIL (CH1) servo with

the , or program key. To change the direction of operation of the servo, use the program key. or

5) Move the cursor to the AIL-2ND (CH7) servo

line with the cursor key. Set the servo direction and throw as in Step 4).

6) Return to the WING TYPE screen by pressing

the program key. FLAPPERON NOTE:

1) When aileron differential is activated

), the CH7 transmitter knob is deactivated and w i l l not affect the CH7 servo position.

2) Flapperon and Elevon mixing cannot

be used simultaneously with aileron differential. When AIL D I F F is activated, these programs are automatically deactivated. FLAPPERON This mixing operation allows the ailerons to be raised and/or lowered simultaneously. Therefore acting as flaps. Normal aileron action is maintained as well. Individual aileron servos are required, one controlled by CH1 and the other by CH6. Setting Method

1) Display the WING TYPE screen, and Dress the

2) To activate mixing, press the

key. To deactivate, press the program key.

3) First set the throw and direction of the CH1

servo in response to aileron control stick deflection. Move the cursor to the AIL R/U or L/D position with the cursor or key. (R/U represents right aileron stick deflection and L/D represents left stick deflection.) Servo throw is adjusted with the , or program key. Servo direction can be changed with the program key.

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

When OFFSET is used. 0°. 45°, 60° flaps can be used.

4) Set the throw of the AIL-2ND (CH6) servo by

movinq the cursor to the AIL-2ND line the cursor key. Set the throw and direction in response to aileron stick movement as in Step 3).

5) Set the throw of the FLP-2ND (CH1) servo

when the FLAP TRIM (CH6) Knob is turned by movinq the cursor to the FLP-2ND line with the cursor key. Throw is or adjusted with the , or 100 program key. Use the key to change servo direction.

6) Set the throw of the FLP (CH6) servo when

the FLAP TRIM (CH6) Knob is turned by moving the cursor to the FLP line with the cursor key. Direction and rate (throw) are set as in Step 5).

7) The Flap Trim rate function can be used to

adjust the throw of both servos simultaneously (in response to the CH6 Knob). The trim rate setting determines the maximum throw of the servos in response to the CH6 Knob. The throw set for FLP-2ND and FLP under R/U will be 0 to 100% of the maximum allowed by TRIM. Use the settings in Step 5) and

6) to correct small differences in throw between the two servos and TRIM to set the

overall rate. a) Move the cursor to the FLP line with the cursor key and to the TRIM position with the cursor key. b) Set the throw with the , or program key.

8) The OFFSET function can be used to change

the neutral position of the CH6 Knob. This can be used to allow more down throw than up throw. (for example) a) Move the cursor to the FLP-2ND line with the cursor key. Then move the cursor to the OFFSET position with the key. b) Set the CH6 Knob to the desired neutral position and press the program key. The CH6 Knob position will be memorized and made the neutral position. NOTE: If the TRIM rate is changed after entering the OFFSET position, the OFFSET w i l l change and must be reset. Aileron mixing and elevon mixing cannot be used together with flapperon mixing. Therefore, when flapperon mixing is activated ( ), AIL D I F F and ELEVON mixing are automatically deactivated (

ELEVON Elevon mixing can be used with delta wing aircraft, flying wings, tail-less aircraft, flying discs, etc. CH1 and CH2 are used as the operating channels. Setting Method

2) To activate mixing, press the

key and to deactivate mixing, press the program key.

3) Set the throw of the AIL (CH1) servo when

the aileron control stick is deflected by moving the cursor to the R/U or L/D position (R/U represents right aileron stick deflection and L/U represents left aileron stick deflection) with the cursor key and pressing the

program key. Change servo operating directions with the program key.

4) Set the throw of the AIL-2ND (CH2) servo

when the aileron stick is deflected by moving the cursor to the AIL-2ND line with the cursor key and setting throw as described in Step 3).

5) Set the throw of the ELV-2ND (CH1) servo

when the elevator stick is moved by moving the cursor to the ELV-2ND line with the cursor key and pressing the program key. Change the direction of operation with the program key.

6) Set the throw of the ELV (CH2) servo when

the elevator stick is deflected by moving the cursor to the ELV line with the cursor key and setting the throw and direction as in Step 5).

7) Return to the original WING TYPE screen by

pressing the key. NOTE: Elevon mixing cannot be used together with other WING TYPE mixing. Therefore, when ELEVON mixing is activated ), all other WING TYPE mixing is deactivated (

V-TAIL V-Tail mixing is used for certain sailplanes, scale model Beechcraft Bonanzas, and other aircraft with V-Tails (Ruddervators). ELV (CH2) and RUD (CH4) are used as the operating channels. Setting Method

2) To activate the V-Tail function, press the

program key. Press the key to deactivate mixing.

3) Set the throw of the ELV (CH2) servo when

the elevator control stick is deflected by moving the cursor to the rate to be set with the cursor key and using the , or program key. If necessary, use the program key to change the servo operating direction.

4) Set the throw of the ELV-2ND (CH4) servo

when the elevator is deflected by moving the cursor to the ELV-2ND line with the cursor key and setting the throw as described in Step 3).

5) Set the throw of the RUD-2ND (CH2) servo

when the rudder control stick is deflected by moving the cursor to the RUD-2ND line with the cursor key and setting the throw as in Step 3).

6) Set the throw of the RUD (CH4) servo when

the rudder control stick is deflected by moving the cursor to the RUD line and setting the throw and direction as in Step 3).

7) Return to the original WING TYPE screen by

pressing the program key. NOTE: V-Tail and ELEVON mixing cannot be used together. Therefore, when V-Tail is activated ( ), Elevon mixing is automatically deactivated (

AIR BRAKE Air-Brake is a pre-set, switch-activated mixing circuit that will deploy flaps (or flapperons), spoilers, and necessary elevator trim when the MIX switch is moved to the 6—7-> 2 position. In the AUTO mode, the Air-Brake can be activated by lowering the throttle stick below a certain (adjustable) point. Setting Method

1) Display the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 2 with the cursor key, then display the MIXING screen by pressing the

program key. Move the cursor to the 4->6 line with the cursor key. program key. Note: AIR-BRAKE mixing cannot be used in the BASIC parameter mixing mode.

3) To activate the Air-Brake function, press the

program key. If the MIX switch is in the 6—7 -> 2 position, "ON" is displayed. If not, "OFF" is displayed. To deactivate mixing, press the key.

4) To activate the spoiler (CH7) servo, move the

cursor to the position of the SPOILER line and press the program key. When the Air-Brake is deployed, "ON" is displayed and when it is not operating, "OFF" is displayed. To deactivate the spoiler (CH7) servo, press the program key.

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

5) Set the servo throw at mixing by moving the

cursor to the FLP, ELV, or SPO position with the cursor keys and setting the rate by pressing the , or 100 program key. Use the key to change the servo operating direction when necessary. NOTE: The throw of the FLP and ELV servos can be conveniently changed by using the sub trimmers (6 -> 2MIX FLP. and 6 -> 2MIX ELE.). The characters in parentheses represent the rate actually set (computer value plus the sub-trimmer setting).

In the AUTO mode, the Air-Brake can be automatically deployed by lowering the throttle stick.

6) To set the AUTO mode, move the cursor to

the ACT-MODE line with the cursor key and press the program key. The position of the throttle stick at that time is memorized as the mixing ON/OFF point. The Air-Brake will deploy automatically when the throttle is moved below that point. To return to the manual mode, press the program key.

7) To return to the original MIXING screen,

press the key. NOTE: If the AIR BRAKE Switch is inadvertently left ON when the transmitter power is turned OFF, a warning screen will be displayed when the power is again switched ON. A buzzer will also sound. When the AIR BRAKE switch is turned OFF, the normal i n i t i a l screen w i l l be displayed.

PITCH CONTROL MIXING

Variable pitch propellers allow more constant speed aerobatics by providing an airbrake effect (reverse pitch) and the ability to adjust the high pitch from the transmitter. CH3 is used for throttle and CH8 for pitch control. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 2 with the cursor key, then display the MIXING screen by pressing the MIX program key. Move the cursor to the 2ND line with the cursor key.

The Idle Trim Lever adjusts the engine speed at full LOW (Reverse) pitch.

5) The Pitch Trim Lever adjusts the full HIGH

pitch setting at high throttle stick position.

6) The Idle and Pitch trim rates determine the

amount of adjustment available with full stroke of the trim lever.

7) Move the cursor to the IDL and PIT TRIM

positions with the cursor key. Set the rates with the , or program key. Figures in ( ) represent the total amount actually set.

8) The Idle Delay provides an adjustable delay

in throttle servo movement to prevent the engine from over-reving when the throttle control stick is moved from LOW to HIGH.

9) The Pitch Delay provides a slight delay in

pitch servo movement to prevent engine over-reving as the control stick is move from HIGH to LOW. To activate Throttle -> Pitch Mixing, press the ACT program key. If the 3 -> 8 MIX Switch is ON at that time, "ON" is displayed. If the 3 -> 8 MIX Switch is OFF, then "OFF" is displayed. To deactivate mixing, press the program key.

10) Move the cursor to the IDL and PIT DELY

position with the and cursor keys and set the amount of delay with the program keys.

11) Set the throttle stick mixing point (point at

which the pitch servo moves from low to high). a) Move the cursor to the THR-POS line with the cursor key. b) Set the throttle stick to the desired pitch change position (2 to 3 detents above full idle suqqested). c) Press the key to memorize the pitch chanqe position.

12) To return to the original MIXING screen,

press the program key. NOTE: PITCH-MIX is not available BASIC mixing mode. in the

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

Elevator-> Flap Mixing Elevator -> Flap coupling can be helpful in square-cornered loops. A small amount of flap deflection can make circular patterns smoother. CH2 and CH6 are used and the flaps are usually set to move DOWN with application of UP elevator. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 2 with the cursor key, then display the MIXING screen by pressing the program key. Move the cursor to the 2ND line with the cursor key.

4) Set the mixing rate by moving the cursor to

the UP or DN line with the cur, or program key. To change the servo operating direction, move the cursor to the UP line and press the key.

5) Set the Flap Trim throw by moving the cursor

to the FLP-TRIM line with the cursor key and setting the throw with the , or program key.

6) Return to the mixing screen by pressing the

program key. 2 ->6 MIX cannot be used in the BASIC mixing mode.

3) To activate the Elevator -> Flap mixing function, press the

program key. If the 2 -> 6 MIX Switch is ON at that time, "ON" will be displayed. If the 2 -> 6 MIX Switch is OFF, then "OFF" will be displayed. To deactivate the function, press the [40] TRIM

• Cross Trims Whether or not the Throttle (CH3) and Elevator (CH2) trim levers are "crossed" can be selected.

• Trim Authority When Trim adjustments are too sensitive (Ex: One notch on the trim lever in either direction is too much) the Trim Rate (Authority) can be reduced, allowing finer adjustments.

• Trim Memory Trim settings can be memorized by the computer, allowing the trim levers to be returned to neutral position. The trim settings can be left stored on the same program while flying other models, and may also be copied to other programs in the transmitter memory.

• ATL This type of trim is most useful on the Throttle channel. When the ATL function is used, the trim lever will affect only the extreme LOW throttle servo position. The servo position at HIGH throttle is unaffected by the trim. Therefore, the idle speed can be easily adjusted, while the full throttle opening remains the same. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

cursor key, to Line 2 with the and display the TRIM screen by pressing the program key.

2) Move the cursor to the RATE line and use the

and cursor keys to select the channel to be set. Select normal trim or ATL with the program key and set the Trim Rate (Authority) with the , or program key. Trim throw can be adjusted from 30% to 100% of normal. Pressing the key will return the rate to 100%.

3) The trim position will be displayed on the

POSI line (except in the ATL mode).

4) If "crossed" trim levers are desired (Elev. trim

lever controls throttle trim and the normal throttle trim lever controls elev. trim), move the cursor to the CROSS-TRIM line and press the program key. [41]

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

1) After the model is "trimmed out" and flying

well, land and select the TRIM screen.

2) Move the cursor to the TRIM-MEMORY line

and press the program key. A message will be displayed asking if the trim data is to be renewed. Press the YES program key. All trim positions are then "memorized" by the computer.

3) All trim levers featuring Trim Memory can

then be returned to their neutral positions. When the AIL, ELEV, RUD, AND THR Trim Levers are moved to their neutral positions, a softer "click" will be felt. When a sub trimmer is moved slowly to the neutral position, a tone will sound indicating the electrical neutral. Positions displayed on the POSI line of the TRIM screen should then be equal to those displayed before pressing the key. <Trim Memory Trimmers> a) Control Stick Trim (Except ATL trim) b) Eight sub trimmers on the trimmer panel [42] PARAMETER Servo Test: Each servo is operated in linear fashion from neutral, to its maximum and minimum positions. The operation is repeated sequentially for Channels 1 through 8. Mixing Mode: In the BASIC mode, all mixing circuits except Programmable Mixing are deactivated. In the AERO mode, all circuits are useable. PCM/PPM: PCM or PPM encoding can be selected with this function. PPM encoding allows the transmitter to be used with standard FM receivers. to Line 2 with the cursor key, then display the PARAMETER screen by pressing the program key.

2) Servo Test: Move the cursor to the SERVOTEST position with the

cursor or key. Turn the function ON and OFF with the and program keys.

3) MIX-MODE: Move the cursor to the MIXMODE position with the

cursor or key. Select either the BASIC or AERO mixing mode by pressing the program or key.

4) PCM/PPM: Move the cursor to the PCM/PPM

position with the cursor key and or select the desired encoding method by presprogram key. or sing the D / R SW D / R : The ON/OFF directions of the D/R Switches can be selected. In Mode 1, the upper position is the D/R ON (low rate) position, and in Mode 2, the lower position is the ON position. 9CH SW POS: The position of the CH9 switch can be selected. In SW POS 1, the CH9 Switch becomes the RUD D/R switch position. For SW POS 2, the CH9 Switch position is at the CH5 switch and CH5 is controlled by the CH7 Knob. (Therefore, when AIL DIFF mixing is used, all 9 channels can be used effectively.) NOTE: Encoding will not change until the transmitter is turned OFF and back ON again.

5) Dual Rate Switch Direction: Move the cursor

to the D/R SW DIR position and select Mode program key.

6) Channel 9 Switch Position: Move the cursor

to the 9CH SW POS position and select SW POS 1 or 2 with the program or key.

7) Return to the EDIT screen by pressing the

MODEL SELECT Model Select Functions

1) Settings and data for up to 6 different models

can be stored independently in the transmitter memory.

2) Any one of the 6 programs (models) can be

selected for use when desired.

3) Each model can be given a name of up to 8

characters using the NAME function (See page 47). Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

cursor key, or to Line 2 with the and display the MODEL SELECT screen by pressing the program key. The position of the cursor will then indicate the model currently selected.

4) After the Trim Memory function has been

performed, the trim positions for each model can be read by selecting the desired model and setting each trimmer to the center position. Then the best setting for up to six models can be re-read. yes and cursor keys and press the program key. A message asking if the selection is to be executed will be displayed. To execute the selection, press the [yes program key. When the yes program key is pressed, the model number and name at the top right corner of the screen change to show the new selection. In the example shown, the message asks if model No. 5 is to be selected. To select Model No. 5, the soft key is pressed. To remain with Model No. 1. the program key is pressed. [45]

• The Copy function allows the programmed data and trim positions for one model to be duplicated in their entirety on another program (model) number. As an example, let's suppose that Aircraft No. 1 is properly-trimmed and flys well, but you wish to experiment with a different mixing or trim setting. The Model No. 1 data can be copied onto the Model No. 2 program. You can then make the experimental trim modification on the Model No. 2 program only. The original settings will be retained as is, on the No. 1 program. The MODEL SELECT function can then be used to easily switch back and forth between the old and new setting for comparison (although not in-flight).
• As another alternative, settings for a given model could be copied on two or more programs with modifications for different weather conditions, maneuver schedules, etc. Setting Method

1) Perform the Model Select function to select

the Model No. that you wish to copy.

2) Move the cursor to the program No. that you

wish to copy the data onto, and press the program key.

3) A message will appear asking if the data is to

be copied, (in the example shown, the Model No. 1 data is to be copied to the Model No. 2 program slot.)

key to execute the copy funckey to cancel. NOTE: Perform the TRIM MEMORY function before copying. The trim levers can then be set to the neutral position. Move the cursor to Line 3 of the EDIT screen with the cursor key. NAME NOTE: CODE number 0000 is an open code and the user name can be changed. For example, if 1234 is set as your personal ID code number, it is memorized, together with your name, and the user name cannot be changed if the code number 1234 is not input first. A model name of up to 8 characters and a user name of up to 10 characters can be input. The user name has a security feature. Once a fourdigit ID number is input, the user name cannot be changed unless the same ID code in input first (The ID code does not appear on the screen after the initial input). The model name and user name are initially set to T9VAP and FUTABA, respectively. The model name and user name are displayed at the top right and left corners of the screen. The user name is displayed on the standard screen only. DO NOT FORGET YOUR CODE NUMBER!!! Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 3 with the cursor key, then display the NAME screen by pressing the program key.

the and cursor keys to move the cursor to each letter or character to be input.

3) To input the model name, select each character as in Step 2 and press the

program key. The character will then appear above the underline and the underline will automatically move to the next space.

4) Up to 8 characters can be input by repeating

steps 2) and 3). At the completion of the model name, press the program key.

5) To input your personal ID Code, move the

lower cursor and the underline to the CODE position with the program key and repeat Steps 2) and 3) to input the characters. Up to four characters can be input. When all code characters are input, press the key.

6) Next, move the cursor to the USER input

position with the program key, and a user name of up to 10 characters can be input (Steps 2 and 3). At the completion of the user name input, press the key.

7) When the NAME screen is again selected after

the ID code has been set the code will NOT be displayed. The code and user name cannot be changed unless the original code is re-entered (Repeat Step 5 including pressing the key). The ID code and user name can then be changed. Therefore, do not forget your ID code. If you should forget your personal ID code, it can only be reset by a Futaba service center. [47]

ADJUSTMENTS AND FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

SERVO (Transmitter Test Mode) Transmitter control movements are shown on a bar graph representing servo movement for channels 1 through 8. The center of the graph is the neutral position. The bottom half indicates counterclockwise servo rotation and the top half represents clockwise rotation. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 3 with the cursor key, then display the SERVO screen by pressing the

2) Bar graphs proportional to the servo throw

can be observed by operating the control sticks, levers, and switches of each channel of the transmitter (1 to 8). This can be used to test the performance of the transmitter, and check the effect of new settings and data inputs. [48] RESET The RESET function can be used to return programmed data to the original factory settings. Certain functions can be reset individually (Items 1—7 below), or all data can be reset in a single operation (Item 8). Functions to be Reset:

ALL resets Items 1 through 7 simultaneously. Setting Method

1) Select the EDIT screen and move the cursor

to Line 3 with the cursor key, then press the program key.

2) Move the cursor to the Item No. to be reset

cursor with the keys.

program key. A message will appear asking if the data is to be reset.

4) To complete the RESET operation, press the

program key. To cancel the operation, press the key. [49]

• SPLINED HORN The splined horns allow adjustment of the servo neutral position at the servo horn. To shift the holes center line to the right (clockwise) relative to baseline A, shift arm 2 to the position of arm 1 and set it to the position closest to baseline A. (Example) For a four arm horn, the angular shift per segment is 14.4°. The shift to the right is: 90° - ( 1 4 . 4 x 6 ) = 3.6° Neutral position adjustment a) Angle divisions To shift by the same angle in the opposite direction, use the opposite arm number.

1) The splined horn has 25 segments. The amount of

change per segment is; 360 - 25 = 14.4

2) The minimum adjustable angle is determined by the

number of arms or number of holes. For four arms, the minimum adjustable angle is: For a six arm horn, turn the arm counterclockwise and set arm 2 to the position of arm 1. The adjustable angle is 60 - (14.4 x 4) = 2.4°. Arm 3 shifts 4.8° to the right, arm 6 shifts 2.4° to the left, and arm 4 shifts 7.2° to the right and left. b) Effect The following splined horns are optional. HORN A (FSH-6X) HORN B (FSH-6S) HORN C (FSH-6R) HORN D (FSH-6W) [50] HORN E HORN F HORN G

VR drive plate Coreless motor Motor pinion 1st gear 2nd gear 3rd gear Final gear 2nd shaft Intermediate shaft Spacer washer 0.3T Seal ring 0-ring Servo horn D Horn mounting screw

Screw 0-ring Case mounting screw S9101 primed wiring board

• T9VHP SOFT MAP 1 This soft map shows which soft key changes which function key when a soft key (DATA INPUT key) was pressed. Use it when setting data.

• T9VAP SOFT MAP 2 This portable soft map shows which soft keys change to which function keys when a soft key (DATA INPUT key) was pressed. Use it when setting data in the field. To insure prompt service, please follow the instructions given below.

1. Charge the batteries for at least 18 hours prior to shipment.

2. Return the system only. Not your complete installation. Remove the servos from their mounts and

remove the foam padding from the receiver.

3. Plugs or other modifications which interfere with factory test procedures will be returned to factory

standard at your expense.

4. Carefully pack all components individually, using sufficient packing material to prevent damage during

5. Include a brief but thorough explanation of all problems and service required and tape it to the back

of the transmitter. Place a label describing the function of the servo on each servo.

6. Be sure to include your full address and tel. No., zip code inside the box as well as on the outside.

7. Include a packing list of all items being returned, and double check to make sure that all items are

8. Upon receipt of your equipment at the Futaba factory, an estimate of the cost of repair (over $25.00

only) will be sent to you. Your equipment will then be repaired and returned to you upon receipt of payment or C.O.D, (cash). This factory repair service applies only to the continental U.S.A., Hawaii, and Alaska. Printed in Japan/9l0905BO