GRAPH90+E PYTHON - Graphing calculator CASIO - Free user manual and instructions

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USER MANUAL GRAPH90+E PYTHON CASIO

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• Si vous sortez du Mode Examen, la ligne verte et l’icône clignotante ( l’écran. ) disparaîtront de u Affichage de l’aide du Mode Examen Vous pouvez afficher l’aide du Mode Examen dans le mode Lien. 3(EXAM)2(ENTER) ... Affiche l’aide sur l’entrée dans le Mode Examen. 3(EXAM)3(APP) ... Affiche l’aide sur les modes et les fonctions qui sont désactivées dans le Mode Examen. 3(EXAM)4(EXIT) ... Affiche l’aide sur la sortie du Mode Examen. β-4 MicroPython license information The MIT License (MIT) Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Damien P. George, and others Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. γ -1 E-CON4 Application (English) Important!
• All explanations in this section assume that you are fully familiar with all calculator and Data Logger (CMA CLAB* or CASIO EA-200) precautions, terminology, and operational procedures. CLAB firmware must be version 2.10 or higher. Be sure to check the firmware version of your CLAB before using it.
• For information about CMA and the CLAB Data Logger, visit http://cma-science.nl/. ε-1 E-CON4 Mode Overview

1. E-CON4 Mode Overview

The first time you enter the E-CON4 mode, a screen will appear for selecting a Data Logger. Data Logger Selection Screen Press 1(CLAB) or 2(EA-200) to select the Data Logger you want to use. Selecting a Data Logger will cause the sampling screen (Time-based Sampling screen) to appear. Use the sampling screen to start sampling with the Data Logger and to view a graph of samples. CLAB EA-200 There are four sampling modes (sampling screens), described below.

1. Time-based Sampling ... Draws a graph simultaneously as sampling is performed. Note,

however, that the graph is drawn after sampling is finished when CH1, 2, or 3, SONIC, or [START] key is specified as the trigger source, or when the sampling interval is less than 0.2 seconds.

2. Fast Sampling ... Select to sample high-speed phenomena (sound, etc.)

3. Period Sampling ... Select to perform periodic sampling starting from a start trigger event

and ending with an end trigger event.

4. Manual Sampling ... Sampling is performed when the [EXE] key is pressed. Up to 100

samples can be taken by manual operation. Sampled data is stored in the Statistics mode list. (CLAB only)

5. Mic & Speaker Mode ... Select to sample sound using the built-in microphone. You can

also output a waveform using the built-in speaker. (EA-200 only)

• The Data Logger selection screen will not appear from the next time you enter the E-CON4 mode. Instead, the Time-based Sampling screen for the selected a Data Logger will appear first.
• To change the Data Logger, change the setting on the E-CON4 setup screen.
• Connecting a Data Logger that is different from the one specified for the calculator will cause an error message to appear. If this happens, use the setup screen to change the “Data Logger” setting. ε-2 E-CON4 Mode Overview k E-CON4 Specific Setup Items The items described below are E-CON4 setup items that displayed only when the !m(SET UP) operation is performed in the E-CON4 mode. Indicates the initial default setting of each item. u Data Logger
• {CLAB}/{EA-200} ... {CLAB Data Logger}/{EA-200 Data Logger} u Graph Func

k Changing the Sampling Screen On any sampling screen, press 5(MODE) to display the sampling mode selection screen. CLAB EA-200 Use keys b through e to select the sampling mode that matches the type of sampling you want to perform. k Time-based Sampling Screen CLAB EA-200

• CLAB has three channels named CH1, CH2, and CH3.
• EA-200 has four channels named CH1, CH2, CH3, and SONIC. Note, however, that up to only three channels can be used for sampling at any one time. If you try to start sampling with four channels at the same time, a “Too Many Channels” error will appear. k Fast Sampling Screen CLAB
• Both CLAB and EA-200 can use CH1 only. EA-200 ε-4 Sampling Screen k Period Sampling Screen CLAB EA-200

• With CLAB, only CH1 can be used.
• EA-200 has two channels (CH1 and SONIC). However, only one of these can be used. k Manual Sampling Screen (CLAB Only) CLAB
• There are three channels named CH1, CH2, and CH3. k Mic & Speaker Mode Screen (EA-200 Only) On the sampling mode selection screen, pressing e(Mic & Speaker Mode) displays the dialog box shown below. Select Microphone or Speaker. u Selecting Microphone This displays the dialog box shown below. ε-5 Sampling Screen “Sound wave” records the following two dimensions for the sampled sound data: elapsed time (horizontal axis) and volume (vertical axis). “FFT” records the following two dimensions: frequency (horizontal axis) and volume (vertical axis).
• Selecting “Sound wave” here will display the Mic & Speaker Mode screen.

Using a function key (1 through 4) to select an FFT range, will cause a Mic & Speaker Mode screen to appear. Selecting “Sound wave & FFT” Selecting “FFT only” ε-6 Sampling Screen u Selecting Speaker This displays the dialog box shown below.

• Selecting “Sample Data” here will display the Mic & Speaker Mode screen.

• After selecting “y=f(x)”, perform the steps below. From the EA-200, output the sound of the waveform indicated by the function input on the calculator, and draw a graph of the function on the calculator unit screen.

1. Use the data communication cable (SB-62) to connect the communication port of the

calculator with the MASTER port of the EA-200.

2. On the above dialog box, select “y=f(x)”.

• The following settings will be configured automatically Ymin = −1.5, Ymax = 1.5. Do not change these settings.

4. Press w or J to display the function registration screen.

5. In the “Y1=” line, register the function of the waveform of the sound you want to output.

• For the angle unit, specify radians.
• Register a function with an Y-value within the range of ±1.5. ε-7 Sampling Screen

6. Press 6(DRAW) to draw the graph.

• Drawing the graph causes a vertical cursor to appear on the display, as shown on the screenshot below. Use this graph to specify the range of the sound output from the speaker.

7. Use the d and e keys to move the vertical cursor of the output range start point and

then press w to register the start point.

8. Use the d and e keys to move the vertical cursor of the output range end point and

then press w to register the end point.

• Setting both the start point and end point will cause the Output Frequency dialog box shown below to appear.

10. Input a percent (%) value and then press w.

• This outputs the sound of the waveform within the selected range.
• If the specified result cannot be output as a sound, the message “Range Error” will appear. If this happens, press J to display the screen shown below and change the settings.

11. To stop sound output on the EA-200, press the [START/STOP] key.

• This displays a screen like the one shown below. ε-8 Sampling Screen

13. Depending on what you want to do, perform one of the operations below.

To change the output frequency and try again: Press 1(Yes) to return to the Output Frequency dialog box. Next, perform the operation starting from step 9, above. To change the output range of the waveform graph and try again: Press 6(No) to return to the graph screen in step 6, above. Next, perform the operation starting from step 7, above. To change the function: Press 6(No)J to return to the function registration screen in step 5, above. Next, perform the operation starting from step 5, above. To exit the procedure and return to the sampling mode selection screen: Press 6(No). Next, press J twice. k Sampling Screen Function Menu

• 1(SENSOR) …… Selects the sensor assigned to a channel.
• 2(CONFIG) …… Select to configure settings that control sampling (sampling period, number of samples, warm-up time, etc.)
• 3(CALIB) …… Performs auto sensor calibration.
• 4(OTHER) …… Displays the submenu below.
• 1(GRAPH) …… Graphs the samples measured by the Data Logger. You can use various graph analysis tools. (Cannot be used on the Period Sampling screen.)
• 2(MEMORY) …… Saves Data Logger setup data.
• 5(INITIAL) …… Initializes setting parameters.
• 6(ABOUT) …… Shows version information about the Data Logger currently connected to calculator.

3. Auto Sensor Detection (CLAB Only)

When using a CLAB Data Logger, sensors connected to each channel are detected automatically. This means that you can connect a sensor and immediately start sampling.

1. On the setup screen, select “CLAB” for the “Data Logger” setting.

2. Connect the CLAB Data Logger to the calculator.

3. Connect a sensor to each of the CLAB channels you want to use.

• Detection of a sensor will cause a screen like the one below to appear.

1 Show the names of the sensor connected to each channel. 2 Show the current sample values of each channel. 3 Selecting (highlighting) a channel causes to appear next to it. Pressing e displays sensor details as shown below for the currently selected sensor.

4. Press 6(START) to start sampling.

• Some sensors do not support auto detection. If this happens, press 1(SENSOR) and then select the applicable sensor. Note
• If a sensor that supports auto detection is not detected automatically, restart CLAB. ε-10 Selecting a Sensor

4. Selecting a Sensor

On the sampling screen, press 1(SENSOR) to display the sensor selection screen. k Assigning a Sensor to a Channel

1. On the sampling screen, use f and c to select the channel to which you want to

• This displays the sensor selection screen like the one shown below. The appearance of the sensor selection screen depends on the Data Logger type and the selected channel.

3. Press one of the function keys below.

• CH1, CH2, CH3 1(CMA) … Displays a list of CMA sensors. 2(CASIO) … Displays a list of CASIO sensors. 3(VERNIER) … Displays a list of Vernier sensors. 4(CUSTOM) … Displays a list of custom sensors. See “7. Using a Custom Probe” (page ε-23). 5(None) … Even if a sensor is connected, it is disabled. 6(RESCAN) … Deletes the sensor currently assigned to a channel (CLAB only).
• SONIC (EA-200 only) 2(CASIO) … Displays a list of CASIO sensors. Only “Motion” can be selected. 3(VERNIER) … Displays a list of Vernier sensors. You can select either “Motion” or “Photogate”. 5(None) … SONIC channel not used. Note
• After selecting “Motion” on either the CASIO or the Vernier sensor list, pressing K will toggle smoothing (sampling error correction) between on and off. “-Smooth” will be shown on the display while smoothing is on. Nothing is displayed when off.
• Selecting “Photogate” on the Vernier sensor list will display a menu that you can use to select [Gate] or [Pulley]. [Gate] ... Photogate sensor used alone. [Pulley] ... Photogate sensor used in combination with smart pulley. ε-11 Selecting a Sensor

• Pressing a function key displays a dialog box like the one shown below. This shows the sensors that can be assigned to the selected channel.

4. Use f and c to select the sensor you want to assign and then press w.

• This returns to the screen in step 1 of this procedure with the name of the sensor you assigned displayed. At this time there will be a lock ( ) icon to the right of the sensor name. This icon indicates the sensor you assigned with the operation above. Note
• You can also assign a custom probe to a channel. To do so, press 4(CUSTOM) to display the custom probe list. Use this list to select a custom probe and then press w. k Disabling a Sensor Perform the steps below when you do not want to perform sampling with a sensor that is connected to the Data Logger.

1. On the sampling screen, use f and c to select the sensor you want to disable.

• This displays the sensor selection screen.
• This returns to the screen in step 1 of this procedure with no sensor assigned to the channel. There will be a lock ( ) icon indicated for the channel in this case.
• The above operation also disables sensor auto detection. k Removing the Sensor Assigned to a Channel (CLAB Only)

1. On the sampling screen, use f and c to select the sensor you want to remove.

• This displays the sensor selection screen.
• This returns to the screen in step 1 of this procedure with no sensor assigned to the channel. There will be no lock ( ) icon indicated for the channel in this case.
• The above operation also enables sensor auto detection. ε-12 Configuring the Sampling Setup

5. Configuring the Sampling Setup

You can configure detailed settings to control individual sampling parameters and to configure the Data Logger for a specific application. Use the Sampling Config screen to configure settings. There are two configuration methods, described below. Method 1 ... With this method, you configure settings for the sampling interval (Interval) and number of samples (Samples). Method 2 ... With this method, you configure settings for the number of samples per second (Sample/sec) and the total sampling time (Total Time). You can also use the Sampling Config screen to configure trigger settings. See “Trigger Setup” (page ε-15). Initial default settings are shown below.

• Sample/sec: 5 (This setting is not displayed in the case of Method 1.)
• Warm-up: Auto In the case of “Manual Sampling”, a special Manual Sampling Config screen will appear. For more information, refer to “Configuring Manual Sampling Settings” (page -19). k Using Method 1 to Configure Settings

5. Press c to move the highlighting to “Samples”.

• When the sampling mode is “Periodic Sampling” and a CMA or Vernier Photogate Pulley is assigned to the channel, “Distance” will be displayed in place of “Samples”. For information about “Distance”, see “To configure the Distance setting” below.
• This displays a dialog box for specifying the number of samples.

7. Input the number of samples and then press w.

8. Press c to move the highlighting to “Warm-up”.

9. Press one of the functions keys below.

1(Auto) … Automatically configures warm-up time settings for each sensor. 2(Manual) … Select for manual input of the warm-up time in seconds units. 3(None) … Disables warm-up time.

• Pressing 2(Manual) displays a dialog box for specifying the warm-up time. Input the warm-up time and then press w.
• When the sampling mode is “Fast Sampling”, “FFT Graph” will be displayed in place of “Warm-up”. For information about “FFT Graph”, see “To configure the FFT Graph setting” below.

10. After all of settings are the way you want, press J.

• This returns to the sampling screen. u To configure the Distance setting Move the highlighting to “Distance” and then press 1(NUMBER). This displays a dialog box for specifying the drop distance for the smart pulley weight. Input a value from 0.1 to 4.0 to specify the distance in meters. u To configure FFT Graph setting In place of step 9 of the procedure under “Using Method 1 to Configure Settings”, specify whether or not you want to draw a frequency characteristics graph (FFT Graph). 1(On) ... Draws an FFT graph after sampling is finished. Use the dialog box that appears to select a frequency. 2(Off) ... FFT Graph no drawn after sampling is finished. ε-14 Configuring the Sampling Setup k Using Method 2 to Configure Settings

1. On the sampling screen, press 2(CONFIG).

• This displays the Sampling Config screen.
• This will cause the highlighting to move to “Sample/sec”.

• This displays a dialog box for specifying the number of samples per second.

4. Input the number of samples and then press w.

5. Press c to move the highlighting to “Total Time”.

7. Input the sampling time and then press w.

8. Press c to move the highlighting to “Warm-up”.

• Use the same procedure as that for Method 1 to configure the “Warm-up” setting.

9. After all of settings are the way you want, press J.

• This returns to the sampling screen. u To switch between Method 1 and Method 2 If the current method is Method 1, press 5(Method2) to switch to Method 2. This will cause the highlighting to move to “Sample/sec”. If the current method is Method 2, press 4(Method1) to switch to Method 1. This will cause the highlighting to move to “Interval”. If the highlighting is located at “Warm-up”, it will not move when you switch from Method 1 to Method 2. Switching from Method 1 to Method 2 will cause Method 2 values to be automatically calculated and configured in accordance with the values you input with Method 1. Values are also automatically calculated when you switch from Method 2 to Method 1. ε-15 Configuring the Sampling Setup u Input Ranges Method 1 Interval (sec): 0.0005 to 299 sec (0.02 to 299 sec for the Motion sensor. 0.0025 to 299 sec for the CLAB built-in 3-axis accelerometer.) Interval (min): 5 to 240 min (With some sensors, a setting of five minutes or greater is not supported.) Samples: 10 to 10001 Method 2 Sample/sec: 1 to 2000 (1 to 50 sec for the CMA Motion sensor. 1 to 400 for the CLAB built-in 3-axis accelerometer.)
• An error message will be displayed if you input a value for a setting that causes the automatically calculated number of samples (Samples) setting to become a value that is outside the allowable input range.
• Only Method 1 settings are supported when the Interval setting is 5min or greater. k Trigger Setup You can use the Trigger Setup screen to specify the event that causes sampling to start (w key operation, etc.). The event that causes sampling to start is called the “trigger source”, which is indicated as “Source” on the Trigger Setup screen. The following table describes each of the eight available trigger sources. To start sampling when this happens: Select this trigger source: When the w key is pressed [EXE] key After the specified number of seconds are counted down Count Down When input at CH1 reaches a specified value CH1 When input at CH2 reaches a specified value CH2 When input at CH3 reaches a specified value CH3 When input at the SONIC channel reaches a specified value (EA-200 only) SONIC When the built-in microphone detects sound (EA-200 only) Mic When the [START/STOP] key is pressed (EA-200 only) [START] key When [Button] is pressed (CLAB only) [START] key ε-16 Configuring the Sampling Setup

• To configure Trigger Setup settings

1. While the Sampling Config screen is on the display, press 6(Trigger).

• This displays the Trigger Setup screen with the “Source” line highlighted.
• The function menu items that appears in the menu bar depend on the sampling mode. The nearby screen shows the function menu when “Time-based Sampling” is selected as the sample sampling mode.

2. Use the function keys to select the trigger source you want.

• The following shows the trigger sources that can be selected for each sampling mode. Sampling Mode Trigger Source Time-based Sampling 1(EXE) : [EXE] key, 2(Cont) : Count Down, 3(CH1~3), 4(Sonic), 5(START) : [START] key Fast Sampling 1(EXE) : [EXE] key, 2(Cont) : Count Down, 3(CH1) Mic & Speaker Mode 1(EXE) : [EXE] key, 2(Cont) : Count Down, 5(Mic)

• When the sampling mode is “Time-based Sampling” and the “Interval” setting is five minutes or greater, the trigger source is always the [EXE] key.
• When the sampling mode is “Period Sampling”, the trigger source is always CH1. However, when the SONIC channel is being used on the EA-200, the trigger source is always SONIC.

3. Perform one of the following operations, in accordance with the trigger source that was

selected in step 2. If this is the trigger source: Do this next: [EXE] key Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen. Count Down Specify the countdown start time. See “To specify the countdown start time” below. CH1 CH2 CH3 Specify the trigger threshold value and trigger edge direction. See “To specify the trigger threshold value and trigger edge type” on page ε-17, “To configure trigger threshold, trigger start edge, and trigger end edge settings” or “To configure Photogate trigger start and end settings” on page ε-18. SONIC Specify the trigger threshold value and motion sensor level. See “To specify the trigger threshold value and motion sensor level” on page ε-19. Mic Specify microphone sensitivity. See “To specify microphone sensitivity” on page ε-17. [START] key Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen. ε-17 Configuring the Sampling Setup

1. Move the highlighting to “Timer”.

2. Press 1(Time) to display a dialog box for specifying the countdown start time.

3. Input a value in seconds from 1 to 10.

4. Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen.

• To specify microphone sensitivity

1. Move the highlighting to “Sense” and then press one of the function keys described

below. To select this level of microphone sensitivity: Press this key: Low 1(Low) Medium 2(Middle) High 3(High)

2. Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen.

• To specify the trigger threshold value and trigger edge type Perform the following steps when “Time-based Sampling” or ”Fast Sampling” is specified as the sampling mode.

1. Move the highlighting to “Threshold”.

2. Press 1(EDIT) to display a dialog box for specifying the trigger threshold value, which is

value that data needs to attain before sampling starts. Sensor assigned to CH1, CH2, CH3 or the SONIC channel Measurement unit supported by assigned sensor

3. Input the value you want, and then press w.

4. Move the highlighting to “Edge”.

5. Press one of the function keys described below.

To select this type of edge: Press this key: Falling 1(Fall) Rising 2(Rise)

6. Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen.

ε-18 Configuring the Sampling Setup

• To configure trigger threshold, trigger start edge, and trigger end edge settings Perform the following steps when “Period Sampling” is specified as the sampling mode.

1. Move the highlighting to “Threshold”.

2. Press 1(EDIT) to display a dialog box for specifying the trigger threshold value, which is

value that data needs to attain before sampling starts.

3. Input the value you want.

4. Move the highlighting to “Start to”.

5. Press one of the function keys described below.

7. Press one of the function keys described below.

To select this type of edge: Press this key: Falling 1(Fall) Rising 2(Rise)

8. Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen.

• To configure Photogate trigger start and end settings Perform the following steps when CH1 is selected as a Photogate trigger source. Perform the operation below even while Vernier Photogate is assigned to the SONIC channel when performing Period Sampling with the EA-200.

1. Move the highlighting to “Start to”.

2. Press one of the function keys described below.

4. Press one of the function keys described below.

To specify this Photogate status: Press this key: Photogate closed 1(Close) Photogate open 2(Open)

5. Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen.

1. Move the highlighting to “Threshold”.

2. Press 1(EDIT) to display a dialog box for specifying the trigger threshold value, which is

value that data needs to attain before sampling starts.

3. Input the value you want, and then press w.

4. Move the highlighting to “Level”.

5. Press one of the function keys described below.

To select this type of level: Press this key: Below 1(Below) Above 2(Above)

6. Press w to finalize Trigger Setup and return to the Sampling Config screen.

k Configuring Manual Sampling Settings

1. On the Manual Sampling screen, press 2(CONFIG).

• The Sampling Config screen is shown below.

3. Input up to 8 characters for the unit name and then press w.

4. Press c to move the highlighting to “Time Limit”.

5. Press one of the function keys below.

1(On) ... Auto sampling stop enabled. 2(Off) ... Auto sampling stop disabled.

6. After all of settings are the way you want, press J.

• This returns to the Manual Sampling screen. ε-20 Performing Auto Sensor Calibration and Zero Adjustment

6. Performing Auto Sensor Calibration and Zero

Adjustment You can use the procedures in this section to perform auto sensor calibration and sensor zero adjustment. With auto calibration, you can configure applicable interpolation formula slope (Slope) and y-intercept (Intercept) values for a sensor based on two measured values. With zero adjustment, you can configure a custom probe y-intercept based on measured values. A sensor calibrated with auto calibration or zero adjustment is registered as a custom probe. k Sensor Calibration Screen

1. On the sampling screen, use f and c to move the highlighting to the sensor you want

to auto calibrate or zero adjust.

• This displays a sensor calibration screen like the one shown below. 1(EDIT) ... Select to manually modify the highlighted item. 2(CALIB) … Performs auto sensor calibration. 3(ZERO) … Performs sensor zero adjustment. 6(SET) … Select to assign the calibrated sensor to a channel. This registers the sensor as a custom probe.
• Press J to return to the sampling screen. k Performing Auto Sensor Calibration Important!
• Before performing the operation below, you will need to have two known measured values on hand.
• When inputting reference values in step 3 of the procedure below, input values that were measured accurately under conditions used for the sampling operations in step 2 of the procedure. When inputting reference values in step 5 of the procedure below, input values that were measured accurately under conditions used for the sampling operations in step 4 of the procedure. ε-21 Performing Auto Sensor Calibration and Zero Adjustment

1. On the sensor calibration screen, press 2(CALIB).

• A screen like the one shown below will appear after the first sampling operation starts. First sampling operation Real-time display of sampled values

2. After the sampled value stabilizes, hold down w for a few seconds.

• This registers the first sampled valued and displays it on the screen. At this time, the cursor will appear at the bottom of the display, indicating that a reference value can be input.

3. Input a reference value for the first sample value and then press w.

• A screen like the one shown below will appear after the second sampling operation starts automatically. Second sampling operation

4. After the sampled value stabilizes, hold down w for a few seconds.

• This registers second sampled valued and displays it on the screen. At this time, the cursor will appear at the bottom of the display, indicating that a reference value can be input.

5. Input a reference value for the second sample value and then press w.

• This returns to the sensor calibration screen.
• E-CON4 calculates slope and y-intercept values based on the two input reference values and automatically configures settings. Automatically calculated values are displayed on the sensor calibration screen. k Performing Sensor Zero Adjustment

1. On the sensor calibration screen, press 3(ZERO).

• A screen like the one shown below will appear after sampling starts. ε-22 Performing Auto Sensor Calibration and Zero Adjustment

2. When the sampled value that you want to zero adjust is displayed, press w.

• This returns to the sensor calibration screen.
• E-CON4 automatically sets a y-intercept value based on the measured value. Automatically calculated values are displayed on the sensor calibration screen. k Configuring Settings Manually

1. On the sensor calibration screen, use f and c to move the highlighting to the item

whose setting you want to change.

3. Input the information below for each of the items.

Probe Name ... Sensor name up to 18 characters long. (17 characters long when the sensor name includes “±”.) Slope ... Interpolation formula slope (value that specifies constant a of ax+b) Intercept ... Interpolation formula y-intercept (value that specifies constant b of ax+b)

4. After you finish inputting, press w.

k Assigning a Calibrated Sensor to a Channel

1. Perform auto sensor calibration and sensor zero adjustment. (Or configure settings

2. On the sensor calibration screen, press 6(SET).

• This displays a dialog box like the one shown below. Number is assigned automatically.

• This assigns the calibrated sensor to the channel and returns to the sampling screen.
• The calibrated sensor is stored under the custom probe number shown on the dialog box above. ε-23 Using a Custom Probe

7. Using a Custom Probe

The sensors shown in the CASIO, Vernier, and CMA sensor lists under “4. Selecting a Sensor” are E-CON4 mode standard sensors. If you want to sample with a sensor not included in a list, you must configure it as a custom probe. k Registering a Custom Probe

• This displays the custom probe list screen.

• If there is no registered custom probe, the message “No Custom Probe” appears on the display.

4. Input up to 18 characters for the custom probe name and then press w.

• This will cause the highlighting to move to “Slope”.

5. Move the highlighting to the setting you want to configure and then press 1(EDIT).

• Setting items are described below. Slope ... Input the interpolation formula slope (value that specifies constant a of ax+b) Intercept ... Input the interpolation formula y-intercept (value that specifies constant b of ax+b) Unit Name ... Input up to eight characters for the unit name. Warm-up ... Specify the warm-up time. Type ... Select the sensor type (“0-5V” or “±10V”). Press 4(0-5V) or 5(±10V).

6. Perform auto calibration and zero adjustment of the custom probe as required.

• Press 2(CALIB) to perform auto calibration of the custom probe. See “Performing Auto Sensor Calibration” (page ε-20).
• Press 3(ZERO) to perform zero adjustment of the custom probe. See “Performing Sensor Zero Adjustment” (page ε-21). ε-24 Using a Custom Probe

8. Input the custom probe registration number (1 to 99) and then press w.

• This registers the custom probe and returns to the custom probe list screen. k Assigning a Custom Probe to a Channel

1. On the sampling screen, use f and c to select the channel to which you want to

assign the custom probe.

2. Press 1(SENSOR) to display the sensor selection screen.

• This displays the custom probe list screen.

4. Use f and c to select the custom probe you want to assign and then press w.

k Changing the Settings of a Custom Probe

1. On the custom probe list screen, use f and c to select the custom probe whose

settings you want to change.

• This displays a custom probe setup screen.

3. Perform steps 3 through 6 under “Registering a Custom Probe”.

• This displays a sensor list.

2. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the sensor whose settings you

want to use as the basis of the custom probe and then press w.

• The name of the selected sensor and its setting information are shown on the custom probe setup screen.

3. Perform steps 3 through 8 under “Registering a Custom Probe”. However, you will not be

able to change the sensor type. ε-25 Using Setup Memory

8. Using Setup Memory

Data logger setup data (Data Logger settings, sampling mode, assigned sensor, sampling setup) is stored at the time it is created in a memory area called the “current setup memory area”. The current contents of the current setup memory area are overwritten whenever you create other setup data. You can use setup memory to save the current setup memory area contents to calculator memory to keep it from being overwritten, if you want. k Saving a Setup

1. Display the sampling screen you want to save.

2. Press 4(OTHER)2(MEMORY).

• This displays the setup memory list.
• The message “No Setup-MEM” will appear if there is no setup data stored in memory.
• This displays a setup name input screen.

4. Input up to 18 characters for the setup name and then press w.

• This displays a memory number input dialog box.

5. Input a memory number (1 to 99) and then press w.

• This returns to the setup memory list.
• This returns to the sampling screen. Important!
• Since you assign both a setup name and a file number to each setup, you can assign the same name to multiple setups, if you want. k Using and Managing Setups in Setup Memory All of the setups you save are shown in the setup memory list. After selecting a setup in the list, you can use it to sample data or you can edit it.

• To preview saved setup data You can use the following procedure to check the contents of a setup before you use it for sampling.

1. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)2(MEMORY) to display the setup memory

2. Use the f and c cursor keys to highlight the name of the setup you want.

ε-26 Using Setup Memory

3. Press K(Setup Preview) (or e).

• To recall a setup and use it for sampling Be sure to perform the following steps before starting sampling with a Data Logger.

1. Connect the calculator to a Data Logger.

2. Turn on Data Logger power.

3. In accordance with the setup you plan to use, connect the proper sensor to the

appropriate Data Logger channel.

4. Prepare the item whose data is to be sampled.

5. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)2(MEMORY) to display the setup memory

6. Use the f and c cursor keys to highlight the name of the setup you want.

8. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1.

• Pressing w sets up the Data Logger and then starts sampling.
• To clear the confirmation message without sampling, press 6. Note
• See “Operations during a sampling operation” on page ε-29 for information about operations you can perform while a sampling operation is in progress.

• To change the name of setup data

1. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)2(MEMORY) to display the setup memory

2. Use the f and c cursor keys to highlight the name of the setup you want.

• This displays the screen for inputting the setup name.

4. Input up to 18 characters for the setup name, and then press w.

• This changes the setup name and returns to the setup memory list.

• To delete setup data

1. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)2(MEMORY) to display the setup memory

2. Use the f and c cursor keys to highlight the name of the setup you want.

ε-27 Using Setup Memory

4. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1(Yes) to delete the

• To clear the confirmation message without deleting anything, press 6(No).

• To recall setup data Recalling setup data stores it in the current setup memory area. After recalling setup data, you can edit it as required. This capability comes in handy when you need to perform a setup that is slightly different from one you have stored in memory.

1. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)2(MEMORY) to display the setup memory

2. Use the f and c cursor keys to highlight the name of the setup you want.

4. In response to the confirmation message that appears, press 1(Yes) to recall the setup.

• To clear the confirmation message without recalling the setup, press 6(No). Note
• Recalling setup data replaces any other data currently in the current setup memory area. However, if there is setup data for a sampling mode that is different from the current mode, that data will not be overwritten. ε-28 Starting a Sampling Operation

9. Starting a Sampling Operation

This section describes how to use a setup configured using the E-CON4 mode to start a Data Logger sampling operation. k Before getting started... Be sure to perform the following steps before starting sampling with a Data Logger.

1. Connect the calculator to a Data Logger.

2. Turn on Data Logger power.

3. In accordance with the setup you plan to use, connect the proper sensor to the

appropriate Data Logger channel.

4. Prepare the item whose data is to be sampled.

k Starting a Sampling Operation A sampling operation can be started from the sampling screen or the setup memory list. Here we will show the operation that starts from the sampling screen. See “To recall a setup and use it for sampling” on page ε-26 for information about starting sampling from the setup memory list. You need to perform a special operation in the case of Manual Sampling. For more information, refer to “Manual Sampling” (page ε-31).

1. Enter the sampling mode you want to use and then press 6(START).

• This displays a sampling start confirmation screen like the one shown below.

• This sets up the Data Logger using the setup data in the current setup memory area.
• The message “Setting Data Logger...” remains on the display while Data Logger setup is in progress. You can cancel the setup operation any time this message is displayed by pressing A.
• The screen shown nearby appears after Data Logger setup is complete. ε-29 Starting a Sampling Operation

3. Press w to start sampling.

• The screens that appear while sampling is in progress and after sampling is complete depend on setup details (sampling mode, trigger setup, etc.). For details, see “Operations during a sampling operation” below.

• Operations during a sampling operation Sending a sample start command from the calculator to a Data Logger causes the following sequence to be performed. Setup Data Transfer → Sampling Start → Sampling End → Transfer of Sample Data from the Data Logger to the Calculator The table on the next page shows how the trigger conditions and sensor type specified in the setup data affects the above sequence. Period Sampling Mic & Speaker Mode Fast Sampling Time-based Sampling Mode

Pressing 1 advances to “4. Graphing”. Pressing w there returns to “3. Sampling”.

• Time-based Sampling: Interval of 5min or greater

• The screen shown below appears when CH1~3, SONIC, or Mic is used as the trigger.

Sample values are stored as List data only. The following three graph types can be produced when Photogate -Pulley is being used.

1. Time and distance graph

• When Number of Samples > 1 2. Time and velocity graph

3. Time and acceleration graph

• When Number of Samples = 1

• Mic & Speaker Mode: Speaker - Sample Data Graph screen does not show all sampled values, but only a partial preview. Sampled values are saved as Current Sample Data.

ε-30 Starting a Sampling Operation ε-31 Starting a Sampling Operation k Manual Sampling

3. Press w to start sampling.

• This will display a screen like the one shown below.

4. When you want to acquire data, press w.

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 as many times as necessary to sample all of the data you want.

ε-32 Starting a Sampling Operation

• You can sample data up to 100 times.

7. To exit the sampling operation, press J.

• This displays a screen like the one shown below.

• Specify the list where you want to store the data. Input ... Specify the list where you want to store the horizontal axis data. CH1, CH2, CH3 ... Specify lists where you want to store the sample data of each channel.

9. After specifying the lists, press w.

• This will cause the message “Complete!” to appear. To return to the Manual Sampling screen, press w.
• In the Statistics mode, sample data will be displayed as shown below. Note
• You can use trace while sampled data is shown on the graph. For details, see “Using Trace” (page ε-40).
• If “On” is selected for the sampling “Time Limit” setting, sampling will stop automatically if you do not perform any operation for 90 minutes. In this case, the sample data is not stored in a list. ε-33 Using Sample Data Memory

10. Using Sample Data Memory

Performing a Data Logger sampling operation from the E-CON4 mode causes sampled results to be stored in the “current data area” of E-CON4 memory. Separate data is saved for each channel, and the data for a particular channel in the current data area is called that channel’s “current data”. Any time you perform a sampling operation, the current data of the channel(s) you use is replaced by the newly sampled data. If you want to save a set of current data and keep it from being replaced by a new sampling operation, save the data in sample data memory under a different file name. k Managing Sample Data Files

• To save current sample data to a file

1. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)1(GRAPH).

• This displays the Graph Mode screen. Graph Mode Screen
• For details about the Graph Mode screen, see “Using the Graph Analysis Tools to Graph Data” (page ε-35).
• This displays the Sampling Data List screen. List of current data files “cd” stands for “current data”. The text on the right side of the colon indicates the channel name. Sampling Data List Screen

3. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the current data file you want

to save, and then press 2(SAVE).

• This displays the screen for inputting a data name. ε-34 Using Sample Data Memory

4. Enter up to 18 characters for the data file name, and then press w.

• This displays a dialog box for inputting a memory number.

5. Enter a memory number in the range of 1 to 99, and then press w.

• This saves the sample data at the location specified by the memory number you input. The sample data file you save is indicated on the display using the format: <memory number>:<file name>.

• If you specify a memory number that is already being used to store a data file, a confirmation message appears asking if you want to replace the existing file with the new data file. Press 1 to replace the existing data file, or 6 to return to the memory number input dialog box in step 4.

6. To return to the sampling screen, press J twice.

• You could select another data file besides a current data file in step 3 of the above procedure and save it under a different memory number. You do not need to change the file’s name as long as you use a different file number.
• Pressing e while the Sampling Data List screen is shown will display information (sampling mode, sensor, number of samples) about the currently highlighted data. To exit the screen, press J. ε-35 Using the Graph Analysis Tools to Graph Data

11. Using the Graph Analysis Tools to Graph

Data Graph Analysis tools make it possible to analyze graphs drawn from sampled data. Note

• Sampled data cannot be graphed in the cases described below.
• Attempting to graph manually sampled data and data sampled using a different sampling mode simultaneously
• Manually sampled data whose horizontal axis values (number of samples) do not match k Accessing Graph Analysis Tools You can access Graph Analysis tools using either of the two methods described below.
• Accessing Graph Analysis tools from the Graph Mode screen, which is displayed by pressing 4(OTHER)1(GRAPH) on the sampling screen Graph Mode Screen
• The sampling screen appears after you perform a sampling operation. Press 4(OTHER)1(GRAPH) at that time.
• When you access Graph Analysis tools using this method, you can select from among a variety of other Analysis modes. See “Selecting an Analysis Mode and Drawing a Graph” (page ε-36) for more information about the other Analysis modes.
• Accessing Graph Analysis tools from the screen of a graph drawn after a sampling operation is executed from the sampling screen (Time-based Sampling, Fast Sampling, Mic & Speaker Mode - Microphone) Graph Screen
• In this case, data is graphed after the sampling operation is complete, and the calculator accesses Graph Analysis tools automatically. See “Graph Screen Key Operations” on page ε-39. ε-36 Using the Graph Analysis Tools to Graph Data k Selecting an Analysis Mode and Drawing a Graph This section contains a detailed procedure that covers all steps from selecting an analysis mode to drawing a graph. Note
• Step 4 through step 7 are not essential and may be skipped, if you want. Skipping any step automatically applies the initial default values for its settings.
• If you skip step 2, the default analysis mode is the one whose name is displayed in the top line of the Graph Mode screen.

• To select an analysis mode and draw a graph

1. On the sampling screen, press 4(OTHER)1(GRAPH).

• This displays the Graph Mode screen.

2. Press 3(MODE), and then select the analysis mode you want from the menu that

appears. To do this: Perform this menu operation: To select this mode: Graph three sets of sampled data simultaneously [Norm] Graph Analysis Graph sampled data along with its first and second derivative graph [diff] d/dt & d2/dt2 Display the graphs of different sampled data in upper and lower windows for comparison [COMPARE] → [GRAPH] Compare Graph Output sampled data from the speaker, displaying graph of the raw data in the upper window and the output waveform in the lower window (EA-200 only) [COMPARE] → [Sound] Compare Sound Display the graph of sampled data in the upper window and its first derivative graph in the lower window [COMPARE] → [d/dt] Compare d/dt Display the graph of sampled data in the upper window and its second derivative graph in the lower window [COMPARE] → [d2/dt2] Compare d2/dt2

• The name of the currently selected mode appears in the top line of the Graph Mode screen. Analysis mode name ε-37 Using the Graph Analysis Tools to Graph Data

4. Specify the sampled data for graphing.

a. Use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the name of the sampled data file you want to select, and then press 1(ASSIGN) or w.

• This returns to the Graph Mode screen, which shows the name of the sample data file you selected. Sample data file name Graph on/off indicator Name of sensor used for sampling Graph Mode Screen b. Repeat step a above to specify sample data files for other graphs, if there are any.
• If you select “Graph Analysis” as the analysis mode in step 2, you must specify sample data files for three graphs. If you select “Compare Graph” as the analysis mode in step 2, you must specify sample data files for two graphs. With other modes, you need to specify only one sample data file.
• For details about Sampling Data List screen operations, see “Using Sample Data Memory” (page ε-33).

5. Turn on graphing for each of the graphs listed on the Graph Mode screen.

a. On the Graph Mode screen, use the f and c cursor keys to select a graph, and then press 1(SELECT) to toggle graphing on or off. Graphing turned off. Graphing turned on. b. Repeat step a to turn each of the graphs listed on the Graph Mode screen on or off.

6. Select the graph style you want to use.

a. On the Graph Mode screen, use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to the graph (Gph1, Gph2, etc.) whose style you want to specify, and then press 4(STYLE). This will cause the function menu to change as shown below. ε-38 Using the Graph Analysis Tools to Graph Data b. Use the function keys to specify the graph style you want. To specify this graph style: Press this key: Line graph with dot ( • ) data markers

Line graph with square ( ) data markers

Line graph with X (×) data markers

Scatter graph with 3×3-dot data markers

Scatter graph with 5×5-dot data markers

Scatter graph with X (×) data markers

c. Repeat a and b to specify the style for each of the graphs on the Graph Mode screen.

7. On the Graph Mode screen, press 6(DRAW) or w.

• This draws the graph(s) in accordance with the settings you configured in step 2 through step 6. Graph Screen
• When a Graph screen is on the display, the function keys provide you with zooming and other capabilities to aid in graph analysis. For details about Graph screen function key operations, see the following section.

• To deselect sampled data assigned for graphing on the Graph Mode screen

1. On the Graph Mode screen, use the f and c cursor keys to move the highlighting to

the graph (Gph1, Gph2, etc.) whose sampled data you want to deselect.

• This will deselect sample data assigned to the highlighted graph. ε-39 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

12. Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

This section explains the various operations you can perform on the graph screen after drawing a graph. You can perform these operations on a graph screen produced by a sampling operation, or by the operation described under “Selecting an Analysis Mode and Drawing a Graph” on page ε-36. k Graph Screen Key Operations On the graph screen, you can use the keys described in the table below to analyze (CALC) graphs by reading data points along the graph (Trace) and enlarging specific parts of the graph (Zoom). Key Operation Description !1(TRACE) Displays a trace pointer on the graph along with the coordinates of the current cursor location. Trace can also be used to obtain the periodic frequency of a specific range on the graph and assign it to a variable. See “Using Trace” on page ε-40. !2(ZOOM) Starts a zoom operation, which you can use to enlarge or reduce the size of the graph along the x-axis or the y-axis. See “Using Zoom” on page ε-41. !3(V-WIN) Displays a function menu of special View Window commands for the E-CON4 mode graph screen. For details about each command, see “Configuring View Window Parameters” on page ε-49. !4(SKETCH) Displays a menu that contains the following commands: Cls, Plot, F-Line, Text, PEN, Vertical, and Horizontal. For details about each command, see “Drawing Dots, Lines, and Text on the Graph Screen (Sketch)” on page 5-52. K1(PICTURE) Saves the currently displayed graph as a graphic image. You can recall a saved graph image and overlay it on another graph to compare them. For details about these procedures, see “Saving and Recalling Graph Screen Contents” on page 5-20. K2(MEMORY) 1(LISTMEM) Displays a menu of functions for saving the sample values in a specific range of a graph to a list. See “Transforming Sampled Data to List Data” on page ε-42. K2(MEMORY) 2(CSV) Saves the sample data in the specific range of a graph to a CSV file. For details, see “Saving Sample Data to a CSV File” (page ε-43). K3(EDIT) Displays a menu of functions for zooming and editing a particular graph when the graph screen contains multiple graphs. See “Working with Multiple Graphs” on page ε-46. K4(CALC) Displays a menu that lets you transform a sample result graph to a function using Fourier series expansion, and to perform regression to determine the tendency of a graph. See “Using Fourier Series Expansion to Transform a Waveform to a Function” on page ε-44, and “Performing Regression” on page ε-45. ε-40 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations Key Operation Description K5(Y=fx) Displays the graph relation list, which lets you select a Y=f(x) graph to overlay on the sampled result graph. See “Overlaying a Y=f(x) Graph on a Sampled Result Graph” on page ε-46. K6(SPEAKER) Starts an operation for outputting a specific range of a sound data waveform graph from the speaker (EA-200 only). See “Outputting a Specific Range of a Graph from the Speaker” on page ε-48. k Scrolling the Graph Screen Press the cursor keys while the graph screen is on the display scrolls the graph left, right, up, or down. Note

• The cursor keys perform different operations besides scrolling while a trace or graph operation is in progress. To perform a graph screen scroll operation in this case, press J to cancel the trace or graph operation, and then press the cursor keys. k Using Trace Trace displays a crosshair pointer on the displayed graph along with the coordinates of the current cursor position. You can use the cursor keys to move the pointer along the graph. You can also use trace to obtain the periodic frequency value for a particular range, and assign the range (time) and periodic frequency values in separate Alpha memory variables.

• This causes a trace pointer to appear on the graph. The coordinates of the current trace pointer location are also shown on the display.

2. Use the d and e cursor keys to move the trace pointer along the graph to the location

• The coordinate values change in accordance with the trace pointer movement.
• You can exit the trace pointer at any time by pressing J.

• To obtain the periodic frequency value

1. Use the procedure under “To use trace” above to start a trace operation.

2. Move the trace pointer to the start point of the range whose periodic frequency you want

to obtain, and then press w. ε-41 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

3. Move the trace pointer to the end point of the range whose periodic frequency you want

• This causes the period and periodic frequency value at the start point you selected in step 2 to appear along the bottom of the screen.

4. Press w to assign the period and periodic frequency values to Alpha memory variables.

• This displays a dialog box for specifying variable names for [Period] and [Frequency] values.
• The initial default variable name settings are “S” for the period and “H” for the periodic frequency. To change to another variable name, use the up and down cursor keys to move the highlighting to the item you want to change, and then press the applicable letter key.

5. After everything is the way you want, press w.

• This stores the values and exits the trace operation.
• For details about using Alpha memory, see Chapter 2 of this manual. k Using Zoom Zoom lets you enlarge or reduce the size of the graph along the x-axis or the y-axis. Note
• When there are multiple graphs on the screen, the procedure below zooms all of them. For information about zooming a particular graph when there are multiple graphs on the screen, see “Working with Multiple Graphs” on page ε-46.

• To zoom the graph screen

1. On the graph screen, press !2(ZOOM).

• This causes a magnifying glass cursor ( in the center of the screen. ) to appear

2. Use the cursor keys to move the magnifying glass cursor to the location on the screen

that you want at the center of the enlarged or reduced screen. ε-42 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

• This causes the magnifying glass to disappear and enters the zoom mode.
• The cursor keys perform the following operations in the zoom mode. To do this: Press this cursor key: Enlarge the graph image horizontally

Reduce the size of the graph image horizontally

Enlarge the graph image vertically

Reduce the size of the graph image vertically

k Transforming Sampled Data to List Data Use the following procedure to transform the sampled data in a specific range of a graph into list data.

• To transform sampled data to list data

1. On the graph screen, press K2(MEMORY), and then 1(LISTMEM).

• This displays the LISTMEM menu.
• This displays the trace pointer for selecting the range on the graph.

3. Move the trace pointer to the start point of the range

you want to convert to list data, and then press w.

4. Move the trace pointer to the end point of the range you want to convert to list data, and

• This displays a dialog box for specifying the lists where you want to store the time data and the sampled data.

• The initial default lists are List 1 for the time and List 2 for sample data. To change to another list (List 1 to List 26), use the up and down cursor keys to move the highlighting to the list you want to change, and then input the applicable list number. ε-43 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

5. After everything is the way you want, press w.

• This saves the lists and the message “Complete!” appears. Press w to return to the graph screen.
• For details about using list data, see Chapter 3 of this manual. Note
• Pressing 1(All) in place of 2(SELECT) in step 2 converts the entire graph to list data. In this case, the “Store Sample Data” dialog box appears as soon as you press 1(All).
• In the case of Manual Sampling, the dialog box in step 4 of the procedure will appear as shown below. k Saving Sample Data to a CSV File Use the procedure below to save the sample data in the specific range of a graph to a CSV file.

• To save sample data to a CSV file
• This displays the CSV menu at the bottom of the display.

2. Press 1(SAVE • AS)2(SELECT).

• This will display a trace point for specifying a range on the graph.

3. Move the trace point to the start point of the range you want to save to a CSV file, and

4. Move the trace point to the end point of the range you want to save to a CSV file, and then

• This displays the folder selection screen.

5. Select the folder where you want to save the CSV file.

6. Press 1(SAVE • AS).

7. Input up to 8 characters for the file name and then press w.

• To select all of the graph data and save it as CSV data, press 1(All) in place of 2(SELECT) in step 2 above. The folder selection screen will appear as soon as you press 1(All).
• If there are multiple graphs on the graph screen, use f and c to select the graph you want and then press w. (Not included on the Manual Sampling) ε-44 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

• To specify the CSV file delimiter symbol and decimal point Press K2(MEMORY)2(CSV)2(SET) to display the CSV format setting screen. Next, perform the procedure from step 3 under “Specifying the CSV File Delimiter Symbol and Decimal Point” (page 3-20). k Using Fourier Series Expansion to Transform a Waveform to a Function Fourier series expansion is effective for studying sounds by expressing them as functions. The procedure below assumes that there is a graph of sampled sound data already on the graph screen.

• To perform Fourier series expansion

1. On the graph screen, press K, and then 4(CALC).

• The CALC menu appears at the bottom of the display.

• This displays the trace pointer for selecting the graph range.

3. Move the trace pointer to the start point of the range for

which you want to perform Fourier series expansion, and then press w.

4. Move the trace pointer to the end point of the range for which you want to perform Fourier

series expansion, and then press w.

• This displays a dialog box for specifying the start degree of the Fourier series.

5. Input a value in the range of 1 to 99, and then press w.

• This displays a dialog box for inputting the degree of the Fourier series. ε-45 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

6. Input a value in the range of 1 to 10, and then press w.

• The graph relation list appears with the calculation result.

7. Pressing 6(DRAW) here graphs the function.

• This lets you compare the expanded function graph and the original graph to see if they are the same. Note
• When you press 6(DRAW) in step 7, the graph of the result of the Fourier series expansion may not align correctly with the original graph on which it is overlaid. If this happens, shift the position the original graph to align it with the overlaid graph. For information about how to move the original graph, see “To move a particular graph on a multi-graph display” (page ε-48). k Performing Regression You can use the procedure below to perform regression for a range specified using the trace pointer. All of the following regression types are supported: Linear, Med-Med, Quadratic, Cubic, Quartic, Logarithmic, Exponential, Power, Sine, and Logistic. For details about these regression types, see Chapter 6 of this manual. The following procedure shows how to perform quadratic regression. The same general steps can also be used to perform the other types of regression.

• To perform quadratic regression

1. On the graph screen, press K, and then 4(CALC).

• The CALC menu appears at the bottom of the display.
• This displays the trace pointer for selecting the range on the graph.

3. Move the trace pointer to the start point of the range for which you want to perform

quadratic regression, and then press w. ε-46 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

4. Move the trace pointer to the end point of the range for which you want to perform

• This draws a quadratic regression graph and overlays it over the original graph.
• To delete the overlaid quadratic regression graph, press !4(SKETCH) and then 1(Cls). k Overlaying a Y=f(x) Graph on a Sampled Result Graph You can use the E-CON4 mode to graph equations based on the form Y=f(x). From the graph screen, press K5(Y=fx) to display the graph relation list screen. From there, operations are identical to those in the Graph mode. Note
• The data on the graph relation list screen is shared with the Graph mode. Note, however, that only Y= type graphs can be used in the E-CON4 mode. Because of this, calling up the graph relation list screen from the E-CON4 mode will display a “Y” (Y= type) item for function menu key 3. Also, 5(MODIFY) is not displayed, because it is not used in the E-CON4 mode. k Working with Multiple Graphs (Not included on the Manual Sampling) The procedures in this section explain how you can zoom or move a particular graph when there are multiple graphs on the display.

• To zoom a particular graph on a multi-graph display

1. When the graph screen contains multiple graphs, press K, and then 3(EDIT).

• The EDIT menu appears at the bottom of the display. ε-47 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

• This displays only one of the graphs that were originally on the graph screen.

3. Use the f and c cursor keys to cycle through the graphs until the one you want is

displayed, and then press w.

• This enters the zoom mode and causes all of the graphs to reappear, along with a magnifying glass cursor ( ) in the center of the screen.

4. Use the cursor keys to move the magnifying glass cursor to the location on the screen

that you want at the center of the enlarged or reduced screen.

• This causes the magnifying glass to disappear and enters the zoom mode.
• The cursor keys perform the following operations in the zoom mode. To do this: Press this cursor key: Enlarge the graph image horizontally

Reduce the size of the graph image horizontally

Enlarge the graph image vertically

Reduce the size of the graph image vertically

ε-48 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

• To move a particular graph on a multi-graph display

1. When the graph screen contains multiple graphs, press K, and then 3(EDIT).

• This displays the EDIT menu.
• This displays only one of the graphs that were originally on the graph screen.

3. Use the f and c cursor keys to cycle through the graphs until the one you want is

displayed, and then press w.

• This enters the move mode and causes all of the graphs to reappear.

4. Use the d and e cursor keys to move the graph left and right, or the f and c

cursor keys to move the graph up and down.

k Outputting a Specific Range of a Graph from the Speaker (EA-200 only) Use the following procedure to output a specific range of a sound data waveform graph from the speaker.

• To output a graph from the speaker

1. On the graph screen, press K, and then 6(SPEAKER).

• This displays the trace pointer for selecting the range on the graph.

2. Move the trace pointer to the start point of the range you want to output from the speaker,

and then press w. ε-49 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations

3. Move the trace pointer to the end point of the range you want to output from the speaker,

• After you specify the start point and end point, an output frequency dialog box shown below appears on the display.

4. Input a percent value for the output frequency value you want.

• The output frequency specification is a percent value. To output the original sound as-is, specify 100%. To raise the original sound by one octave, input a value of 200%. To lower the original sound by one octave, input a value of 50%.

5. After inputting an output frequency value, press w.

• This outputs the waveform between the start point and end point from the EA-200 speaker.
• If the sound you configured cannot be output for some reason, the message “Range Error” will appear. If this happens, press J to scroll back through the previous setting screens and change the setup as required.

6. To terminate sound output, press the EA-200 [START/STOP] key.

• This displays a screen like the one shown nearby.

8. If you want to retry output from the speaker, press 1(Yes). To exit the procedure and

return to the graph screen, press 6(No).

• Pressing 1(Yes) returns to the “Output Frequency” dialog box. From there, repeat the above steps from step 4. k Configuring View Window Parameters Pressing !3(V-Window) while the graph screen is on the display displays a View Window function key menu along the bottom of the display. ε-50 Graph Analysis Tool Graph Screen Operations Press the function key that corresponds to the View Window parameter you want to configure. Function Key Description 1(Auto)* Automatically applies the following View Window parameters. Y-axis Elements: In accordance with screen size X-axis Elements: In accordance with screen size when 1 data item equals 1 dot; 1 data equals 1 dot in other cases 2(FULL) Resizes the graph so all of it fits in the screen. 3(Y) Resizes the graph so all of it fits in the screen along the Y-axis, without changing the X-axis dimensions. 4(UNIT)* Specifies the unit of the numeric axis grid displayed by the E-CON Axes setting of the Setup Screen. 1(μsec): microseconds 2(msec): milliseconds 3(Sec): seconds 4(DHMS): days, hours, minutes, seconds (1 day, 2 hours, 30 minutes, 5 seconds = 1d2h30m5s) 5(Auto): Auto selection 5(CHANGE) Toggles display of the source data on the graph screen on and off.

• Not included on the Manual Sampling To exit the View Window function key menu and return to the standard function key menu, press J. ε-51 Calling E-CON4 Functions from an eActivity

13. Calling E-CON4 Functions from an eActivity

You can call E-CON4 functions from an eActivity by including an “E-CON strip” in the eActivity file. The following describes each of the two available E-CON strips.

• E-CON Top strip This strip calls the Time-based Sampling screen. This strip provides access to almost all executable functions, including detailed Data Logger setup and sampling execution; graphing and Graph Analysis Tools, etc. Note
• Using an E-CON Top strip to configure a setup causes the setup information to be registered in the applicable strip. This means that the next time you open the strip, sampling can be performed in accordance with the previously configured setup information.
• E-CON Result strip This strip graphs sampled data that is recorded in the strip. The sampled data is recorded to the strip the first time the strip is executed.

• E-CON Strip Memory Capacity Precautions
• The memory capacity of each E-CON strip is 22.5 KB. An error will occur if you perform an operation that causes this capacity to be exceeded. Particular care is required when handling a large number of samples, which can cause memory capacity to be exceeded.
• Always make sure that FFT Graph is turned off whenever performing sampling with the microphone. Leaving FFT Graph turned on cause memory capacity to be exceeded.
• If an error occurs, press !a(') to return to the eActivity workspace screen and perform the procedure again.
• For information about checking the memory usage of each strip, see “To display the strip memory usage screen” on page 10-21. For details about eActivity operations, see Chapter 10 of this manual. Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan Responsible within the European Union: Casio Europe GmbH Casio-Platz 1 22848 Norderstedt, Germany www.casio-europe.com CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan SA2108-H © 2017 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.