IQ-PIP-USP2 - Professional audio equipment CROWN - Free user manual and instructions

Product Type	Programmable Input Processor (PIP) Module for Crown PIP2-Compatible Amplifiers
Compatibility	Requires PIP2-compatible Crown amplifiers or IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter for older models
Power Supply	±24 VDC from amplifier; 240 mA @ +24V, 65 mA @ -24V; total 7.4W
Digital Signal Processor	24-bit Motorola 56002 DSP, 66 MHz, 30 MIPS
Audio Converters	24-bit Delta-Sigma AD/DA, 48 kHz sample rate
Audio Connections	XLR (female) balanced inputs per channel; XLR (male) daisy outputs per channel
Crown Bus Connections	RJ-45 for input/output and daisy output; optically isolated 20 mA current loop
Auxiliary Connections	RJ-11 for AUX input/output and Listen Bus (15 VDC, 10 mA output)
IQ Address	8-segment DIP switch; valid addresses 1–250; address 0 disables IQ bus
Input/Output Scaling	4-segment DIP switch; selectable +20 dBu or +10 dBu headroom
Memory Backup	1 MB non-volatile flash memory for presets and run-time parameters; 80,000 write cycles
Load Supervision	Real-time monitoring of load impedance; user-defined high/low limits; error reporting to IQ or AUX
Signal Processing Features	Crossover filters (1st–4th order), parametric EQ, shelving EQ, signal delay (0–500 ms), compressors/limiters, clip eliminator, thermal limiter
Amplifier Monitoring	IOC event monitor, input/output level monitor, thermal headroom, power/standby control, mute, polarity inverter, input attenuator
User Presets	10 user-defined presets stored in flash memory; recall via hardware switch or IQ software
Indicators	Yellow DATA LED (flashes on valid command), green PRESET LED (flashes preset number)
Data Rate	38.4 kbaud, half-duplex, serial binary asynchronous
Audio Performance	Frequency response ±0.5 dB (20 Hz–20 kHz), THD+N <0.05%, dynamic range >100 dB A-weighted
Input Impedance	20 kΩ balanced, 10 kΩ unbalanced
Maximum Input Level	+20 dBu
Dimensions	Standard PIP module size (fits in amplifier back panel opening)
Weight	Approximately 0.5 lbs (0.23 kg)

Frequently Asked Questions - IQ-PIP-USP2 CROWN

What is the IQ-PIP-USP2 and what is it used for?

The IQ-PIP-USP2 is a Programmable Input Processor (PIP) module designed for Crown PIP2-compatible amplifiers. It adds digital signal processing, amplifier control, monitoring, and load supervision capabilities to the amplifier, allowing remote management via the IQ System.

Which Crown amplifiers are compatible with the IQ-PIP-USP2?

The IQ-PIP-USP2 works with Crown amplifiers that have a PIP2-compatible back panel. Older models can be used with the IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter. Check the amplifier for a PIP2 label or refer to the manual for compatibility.

How do I assign an IQ address to the IQ-PIP-USP2?

Use the 8-segment DIP switch S1 on the underside of the module. Each switch has a binary value (1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128). Add the values of switches set to ON to get the address (1–250). Address 0 disables IQ communication. No two identical PIP modules on the same Crown Bus loop can share an address.

What is the purpose of the scaling switch S3?

The 4-segment DIP switch S3 adjusts input and output headroom. Factory default is +20 dBu. Switches 1 and 2 control Channel 1 and 2 input scaling; switches 3 and 4 control output scaling. All ON provides +20 dBu input and reduces output gain by 10 dB for improved noise floor.

Can the IQ-PIP-USP2 be used without the IQ System?

Yes, if the IQ address switch is set to 0, the module operates in standalone mode. The IQ bus is disabled, and the PIP functions as a basic balanced audio input module without remote control or monitoring.

How do I reset the IQ-PIP-USP2 to factory defaults?

Press and hold the Reset/Preset switch (accessible through the PIP panel with a paperclip) for more than 2 seconds until the DATA LED blinks twice. For a complete re-write of flash memory (including presets), hold the switch while applying power and release after 7 flashes.

What audio signal processing features are available?

The IQ-PIP-USP2 offers crossover filters (1st–4th order, Butterworth, Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley), parametric EQ, shelving EQ, signal delay (0–500 ms), compressor/limiter, peak voltage limiter, average power limiter, clip eliminator, and thermal limiter. All are configurable via IQ software.

How does Load Supervision work?

Load Supervision continuously monitors amplifier output voltage and current to calculate real-time average load impedance. If the impedance exceeds user-defined high or low limits, an error is reported via the IQ System or AUX output. It requires at least 20–30 mA average output current for reliable operation.

What are the indicators on the front panel?

A yellow DATA LED flashes when a valid IQ command is received; it can be forced on via software for troubleshooting. A green PRESET LED flashes the number of the currently selected user preset (1–10) repeatedly.

Is the IQ-PIP-USP2 compatible with third-party control systems?

Yes, it uses Crown's IQ2 protocol (UCODE), which allows custom software objects for control and monitoring. Third-party systems like AMX and Crestron can interface with the IQ-PIP-USP2 through IQ2-compatible interfaces.

USER MANUAL IQ-PIP-USP2 CROWN

An IQ System® Programmable Input Processor with DSP and Load Supervision for Crown® PIP2-Compatible Amplifiers

© 2002 by Crown Audio, Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Elkhart, IN 46515-1000 U.S.A. Telephone: [phone]. Fax: [phone]. Trademark Notice: IQ2, SmartAmp, PIP, and PIP2 are trademarks, and Com-Tech, Crown, IOC, IQ System, Macro-Tech and ODEP are registered trademarks of Crown International. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Obtaining Other Language Versions:

To obtain information in another language about the use of this product, please contact your local Crown Distributor. If you need assistance locating your local distributor, please contact Crown at 574-294-8200.

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Note: The information provided in this manual was deemed accurate as of the publication date. However, updates to this information may have occurred. To obtain the latest version of this manual, please visit the Crown website at www.crownaudio.com.

125981-4 2/02

H A Harman International Company

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IQ-PIP-USP2

The information furnished in this manual does not include all of the details of design, production, or variations of the equipment. Nor does it cover every possible situation which may arise during installation, operation or maintenance. If you need special assistance beyond the scope of this manual, please contact Crown Technical Support.

Crown Technical Support

1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.

Phone: [phone] (North America, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands) or 219-294-8200

Fax: [phone] Internet: http://www.crownaudio.com

WARNING

TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE!

FCC COMPLIANCE NOTICE

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital Device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

"The user is cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Crown International could void the user's authority to operate the equipment."

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Quick Install Procedure

This procedure is provided for those who are already familiar with Crown's IQ System ^® and who would like to install the IQ-PIP-USP2 in the shortest time possible. Less experienced installers or those wishing a full explanation of the installation procedure are encouraged to go to Section 3 where the full installation procedure is described.

Prepare the IQ-PIP-USP2:

1. Set the IQ address switch S1 (see Figures 2.1 and 3.1) on the IQ-PIP-USP2 to an unused IQ address. (Tip: Record the IQ address on the small field labeled "IQ ADDRESS" that is provided on the PIP panel.)
2. Set the Input/Output Scaling switch S3 (see Figures 2.1 and 3.2) for the desired scaling.

Prepare the amplifier:

1. Turn down the level controls of the amplifier and turn off the amplifier.
2. Unplug the power cord of the amplifier from the AC mains.
3. Remove the existing PIP^TM or cover panel from the amplifier back panel (two screws).

Install the IQ-PIP-USP2 into the amplifier:

1. Carefully ground yourself to the chassis of the amplifier before installing the IQ-PIP-USP2. It is a good idea to maintain ground contact between yourself and the amplifier while inserting the module into the amplifier in the next step.
2. Tum the PIP upside down so you can clearly see the two ribbon cable connectors located on the underside of the board near the back corner (see Figure 2.1). Attach the ribbon cables from your amp to the ribbon-cable connectors. The 20-pin cable should be connected first, then the 18-pin cable should be connected. Both ribbon cables should run untwisted from the amplifier to the PIP module.

Important: Be careful when attaching the ribbon cable to the connector that the cable is properly seated before applying pressure to the connector. Forcing the cable onto the connector could cause the keying tabs, which ensure proper pin alignment, to break. Connecting the ribbon cables with improper pin alignments may result in damage to the PIP

When both cables are firmly attached, turn the IQ-PIP-USP2 back to an upright position and insert into the PIP opening in the back of the amplifier. Take care while inserting the PIP to make sure you do not crimp, pinch or stretch the ribbon cables.

1. Tighten the two PIP mounting screws until it is secured to the amplifier back panel, making sure the supplied star-washers penetrate the powder-coat finish of the PIP panel for good ground connection.

Install the wiring:

1. Connect the IQ-PIP-USP2 to the IQ System via the Crown Bus (see Section 3.4 if more information is needed).
2. Connect the audio signal wiring to the IQ-PIP-USP2 (see Section 3.4 if more information is needed).
3. Connect the amplifier back to the AC mains.

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CONTENTS

1 Welcome 6

1.1 Unpacking 7

2 Controls, Connectors & Indicators ..... 8

3 Installation 9

3.1 Prepare the IQ-PIP-USP2 9

3.2 Prepare the Amplifier 10

3.3 Install the IQ-PIP-USP2 into the

Amplifier....10

3.4 Install the Wiring 11

3.5 Adjust System Levels 14

4 Operation 15

4.1 Hardware & Firmware 15

4.1.1 Data Signal Presence

Indicator 15

4.1.2 Preset Indicator 15

4.1.3 Crown Bus Input!

Output Connector 15

4.1.4 Crown Bus Daisy

Output Connector 16

4.1.5 Balanced Audio

Outputs 16

4.1.6 Balanced Daisy

Outputs 16

4.1.7 AUX Input/Output

and Listen Bus Connector ..... 16

4.1.8 Crown Bus "Drop

Out" Relays 16

4.2 Hardware Controls 16

4.2.1 Daisy Select

Jumpers....16

4.2.2 IQ Address Switch

(S1) 17

4.2.3 Scaling Switch (S3) 17

4.2.4 Reset/Preset Switch 17

4.3 Amplifier Control and

Monitoring 18

4.3.1 User Presets 18

4.3.2 IOC Event Monitor 18

4.3.3 Input Signal Level

Monitor 18

4.3.4 Output Signal

Level Monitor 18

4.3.5 Thermal Headroom

Level Monitor 18

4.3.6 Power Control 19

4.3.7 Signal Mute 19

4.3.8 Polarity Inverter.... 19

4.3.9 Input Signal

Attenuator....19

4.3.10 'Ghost Faders' 19

4.3.11 Memory Backup 19

4.3.12 Amp Information ..... 19

4.3.13 Amp Mode 19

4.3.14 Amp Output

Mode 19

4.3.15 Error Reporting 20

4.4 Signal Processing 20

4.4.1 Signal Processing

Forms 20

4.4.2 Signal Routing 21

4.4.3 Auto Standby 21

4.4.4 Input Signal 21

4.4.5 Programmable

Filters 22

4.4.6 Signal Delay 24

4.4.7 Peak Voltage

Limiter 25

4.4.8 Average Power

limiter 25

4.4.9 Clin Eliminator 25

4.4.10 Thermal Limiter 25

4.1.10 Thermal Emitter Minimum 25

4.4.11 Output Timm Controls 0.0

Controls 26

4.4.12 The Switch 26

4.5 Load Supervision 26

5 IQ Audio In Depth 28

5.1 A Closer Look at Audio

Signal Wiring 28

5.2 A Closer Look at Crown

Bus Wiring 29

5.2.1 "Hub" Style Crown

Bus Wiring....30

5.3 Using the AUX

Connector 31

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5.3.1 AUX Output 31

5.3.2 AUX Input 32

5.4 Listen Bus 33

5.5 Working with RJ-11 and

RJ-45 Connectors 33

5.6 Q-Factor Calculation 34

5.7 Load Supervision

Applications 35

5.7.1 Typical Load

Characteristics to Know

and Understand 36

6 Specifications 37

7 IQ Address Tables 39

8 Using the IQ-PIP-USP2 with the

IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter 43

9 Service 48

Warranty 50

Factory Service Information Form .... 53

ILLUSTRATIONS

1.1 IQ-PIP-USP2 Front Panel 6

2.1 IQ-PIP-USP2 Controls,

Connectors and Indicators 8

3.1 Address Switch (S1) 9

3.2 Scaling Switch (S3) 10

3.3 Scaling Chart 10

3.4 Installing the IO RIP USB2 11

3.4 Installing the IQ-FIF-OSF2 ...... 11

3.5 Crown Bus Wiring Loops from Output to

Input 12

3.6 RJ-45 Mating Plug 12

3.7 RJ-45 Output to Barrier

Block Input 12

3.8 RJ-45 Output to Din Input 13

3.9 RJ-45 Input to Barrier

Block Output 13

3.10 R.I-45 Input to Din Output 13

3.11 PL45 Output to PL45 Input 1/

6.11 Rs 40 Output to Rs 40 Input: .....

4.1 Daisy Select Jumper Settings ..... 16

4.2 IQ-PIP-USP2 Signal Flow

Block Diagram 27

5.1 Audio Input Wiring 28

5.2 Audio Output Wiring 28

5.3 Example "Hub" Style Crown Bus Wiring

Arrangement 31

5.4 The Internal AUX Circuit 32

5.5 A Sample AUX Output Circuit 22

5.5 A sample AUX output circuit ...... 32

5.6 Listen Bus Connection 33

5.7 Multi-Amp Listen Bus

Configuration 33

5.8 RJ-11& RJ-45 Pin Assignment ..... 33

5.9 Q-factor vs. Bandwidth 34

7.1 IQ Address Switch (S1)

Settings 0 to 83 40

7.2 IO Address Switch (S1)

Settings 84 to 167 41

7.0 IO Address Switch (F4)

1Q Address Switch (31)

Settings, 168 to 250 ....42

8.1 "General" Tab Showing Identification of

IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter 45

8.2 *Signal Path* Tab Showing Peak Voltage

and Average Power Limiters Disabled . 45

8.3 *Peak Voltage Limiter* Block Disabled on

"Signal Path" Tab 46

8.4 "Average Power Limiter" Block Disabled

on "Signal Path" Tab 46

8.5 "Error Reporting" Tab Showing Fault and

Load Error Reporting Disabled 47

8.6 "Load Supervision" Tab Showing Load

Supervision Disabled 47

CROWN

IQ-PIP-USP2

Figure 1.1 IQ-PIP-USP2 Front Panel

1 Welcome

The IQ-PIP-USP2 is a PIP (Programmable Input Processor) input module for Crown PIP2-compatible amplifiers.* It connects the amplifier to the Crown Bus of an IQ System, allowing the amplifier to be controlled and monitored via IQ.

The IQ-PIP-USP2 is an IQ2 ^N -series component. This means it supports Crown's UCODE protocol and requires an IQ System ^® with an IQ2-compatible IQ interface. UCODE (universal code) enables users and third parties to develop custom software objects to control and monitor IQ2-compatible components like the IQ-PIP-USP2.

The IQ-PIP-USP2 is Crown's second generation DSP (digital signal processing) based IQ PIP module, utilizing the latest advancements in DSP technology to provide state-of-the-art features and performance. It offers a variety of programmable functions such as crossover and sig-

* You must have a PIP2-compatible amplifier or an IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter to use the IQ-PIP-USP2. To determine if your amplifier is PIP2-compatible, look for the PIP2, the back of the amplifier. The IQ-PIP-USP2 may not be compatible with some older Crown PIP amplifiers.

nal delay, input compressors, multimode (peak, average, clip) output limiters, DSP filters, load supervision, AUX input and output, and Listen Bus, as well as a host of other useful features similar to those included with our other SmartAmp™ IQ PIPs.

A full 24-bit signal path is achieved by utilizing state-of-the-art 24-bit Delta-Sigma Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converters. Digital signal processing is handled by a 24-bit Motorola DSP running at 66 MHz.

Each IQ-PIP-USP2 includes an IQ address switch allowing the unit to have a unique address on the Crown Bus. It is powered by the amplifier and includes a memory backup feature that enables the amplifier to resume operation with all of its settings intact after a power outage.

This manual will help you successfully install your unit. We strongly recommend you read all the instructions, warnings and cautions contained within. Also, for your protection, please send in the warranty registration card today and save the bill of sale since it is your official proof of purchase.

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1.1 Unpacking

The unit is shipped in a protective antistatic bag.

CAUTION: STATIC ELECTRICITY MAY DAMAGE THE UNIT. Use caution when handling the unit. Carefully ground yourself BEFORE touching the unit. Avoid unnecessarily touching the components or solder pads on the circuit boards.

Please unpack and inspect the unit for any damage that may have oc-

curred during transit. If damage is found, notify the transportation company immediately. Only you, the consignee, may initiate a claim with the carrier for shipping damage. Crown will be happy to cooperate fully as needed. Save the shipping carton as evidence of damage for the shipper's inspection.

Even if the unit arrived in perfect condition, as most do, save all packing materials. NEVER SHIP THE UNIT WITHOUT THE FACTORY PACK.

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IQ-PIP-USP2

2 Controls, Connectors & Indicators

Figure 2.1 IQ-PIP-USP2 Controls, Connectors and Indicators

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3 Installation

Before beginning, please carefully note:

CAUTION: STATIC ELECTRICITY MAY DAMAGE THE IQ-PIP-USP2 MODULE. Use caution when handling the unit. Carefully ground yourself BEFORE touching the IQ-PIP-USP2 module. Avoid unnecessarily touching the components or solder pads on the circuit boards.

3.1 Prepare the IQ-PIP-USP2

1. Set the IQ address switch S1. By giving each IQ component a unique address, it can be individually controlled and monitored. Whenever the IQ System wants to send a command to just one IQ component, it first sends its address and then the command down the Crown Bus. S1 has eight segments because it actually contains eight tiny switches inside. The word "ON" is printed on the switch along its upper left side to indicate the ON position and the switches are numbered along the bottom (Figure 3.1).

Figure 3.1 Address Switch (S1)

Each of the eight switches in S1 has a value which doubles as the switch number increases. For example switch 1 has a value of 1; switch 2 has a value of 2; switch 3 has a value of 4; switch 4 has a value of 8 and so on.

The address is determined by adding the values of all "ON" switches. In Figure 3.1, switches 1, 3, 4 and 7 are on. Simply add the values to find the address: 1 + 4 + 8 + 64 = 77 .

A convenient series of IQ address tables are included in Section 6. The tables show the switch settings for all 250 addresses.

No two IQ components of the same type which are connected to the same Crown Bus can have the same address. Suppose, for example, an IQ System has two Crown Bus loops, 1 and 2, and this IQ-PIP-USP2 is to be installed into loop 1 and given an address of 77. No other IQ PIPs can be given the same address in loop 1. However, an IQ PIP in loop 2 can have the same address.

Different IQ components in the same Crown Bus loop can have the same address. For example, both an IQ-USM 810 mixer/processor and an IQ-PIP-USP2 can use address 77 in the same loop.

* Note: All IQ PIP modules (IQ-PIP-DSP, IQ-PIP-MEM, IQ-PIP-SMT, etc.) are considered the same type, and so may not share the same address on the same Crown Bus.

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A valid IQ address is any number from 1 to 250. Do not use a number higher than 250 since they are reserved for special use. An address of "0" (zero) should only be used for "stand alone" mode. Setting the address switch to "0" disables the IQ bus port.

1. Set the scaling switch S3. Input and output scaling is adjusted via this four-segment switch. The word "ON" is printed on the switch along its upper left side to indicate the ON position and the switches are numbered along the bottom (Figure 3.2). Refer to the chart in Figure 3.3 for possible scaling combinations. The factory-default setting is +20 dBu. Figure 3.2 shows S3 set for +20 dBu.

S3

Figure 3.2 Scaling Switch (S3)

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hctlwSnoltenuF		uBd02+uBd01+
1	CH1 Input	ON	OFF
2	CH2 Input	ON	OFF
3	CH1 Output	OFF	ON
4	CH2 Output	OFF	ON

Figure 3.3 Scaling Chart

As an option, switches 1, 2, 3 and 4 may be all set to the ON position, which provides +20 dBu headroom on the input, reduces gain in the output gain stage by 10 dB, and improves system noise floor.

3.2 Prepare the Amplifier

1. Turn down the level controls (full counterclockwise) and turn off the amplifier.
2. Disconnect the amplifier's power cord.
3. Remove the existing PIP from the amplifier back panel (two screws). This may involve disconnecting the PIP from a PIP2 input adapter. If a PIP2 input adapter is already present, remove the ribbon cables from the adapter.

3.3 Install the IQ-PIP-USP2 into the Amplifier

1. Carefully ground yourself to the chassis of the amplifier before installing the IQ-PIP-USP2. It is a good idea to maintain ground contact between yourself and the amplifier while inserting the module into the amplifier.

2. Install the IQ-PIP-USP2 into the pnl amplifier:

Turn the IQ-PIP-USP2 over so that you can clearly see the two ribbon-cable connectors located on the underside of the circuit board (see Figure 3.4). Connect the two input ribbon cables of the amplifier. The 20-pin cable (A) should be connected first, then the 18-pin cable (B) should be connected. Both ribbon cables should run smoothly from the amplifier to the PIP card (see Figure 3.4).

Important: Be careful when attaching the ribbon cable to the connector that the cable is

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Figure 3.4 Installing the IQ-PIP-USP2

properly seated before applying pressure to the connector.

Forcing the cable onto the connector could cause the keying tabs, which ensure proper pin alignment, to break. Connecting the ribbon cables with improper pin alignments may result in damage to the PIP.

When both cables are firmly attached, turn the IQ-PIP-USP2 back to an upright position and insert into the PIP opening in the back of the amplifier. Take care while inserting the PIP to make sure you do not crimp, pinch or stretch the ribbon cables.

1. Tighten the two PIP mounting screws until the PIP is secured to the amplifier back panel. Be sure to use the supplied star-washers for good ground connection.
2. Reconnect the amplifier to the AC receptacle.

3.4 Install the Wiring

1. Connect the IQ-PIP-USP2 to the IQ system via the Crown Bus. The IQ components in a Crown Bus loop are wired sequentially. The loop begins and ends with the IQ interface. The output of one IQ component "loops" to the input of the next and so on as shown in Figure 3.5.

There are three different types of connectors used for Crown Bus wiring on IQ components. These include DIN connectors, screw terminal plugs, and RJ-45 connectors. The IQ-PIP-USP2

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IQ-PIP-USP2

uses RJ-45 connectors that accept standard RJ-45 plugs like the one shown in Figure 3.6, allowing the use of industry-standard straight-thru type network cables. The top RJ-45 connector is used for input/output and the bottom RJ-45 connector is used for daisy output.

Figure 3.6 RJ-45 Mating Plug
Figure 3.5 Standard Crown Bus Wiring "Loops" from the Output to the Input of each IQ Component (for Hub-Style Crown Bus wiring, see Section 5.2.1).

The following examples show how to connect the IQ-PIP-USP2 to other IQ components:

Figure 3.7 RJ-45 Output to Barrier Block Input.

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Figure 3.8 RJ-45 Output to Din Input.

Figure 3.9 RJ-45 Input to Barrier Block Output.

Figure 3.10 RJ-45 Input to Din Output.

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Figure 3.11 RJ-45 Output to RJ-45 Input.

1. Connect the audio signal wiring to the IQ-PIP-USP2. Two female XLR connectors, one for each channel, are provided for signal input. Two male XLR connectors, one for each channel, are provided for audio daisy chaining. See Section 5.1 for more information on audio wiring.

2. Reconnect amplifier to the AC receptacle.

3.5 Adjust System Levels

1. Adjust attenuator levels both on the amplifier and on the IQ-PIP-USP2 control panels within your IQ software for optimum system gain.

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4 Operation

With an IQ-PIP-USP2 module, your Crown amplifier can be monitored and controlled from a remote location through the use of an IQ System. This PIP module features SmartAmp™ capabilities which will enable the amplifier to function automatically. For example, the IQ-PIP-USP2 can automatically turn off the high voltage supplies of the amplifier when no input signal is present. This can lower electrical usage and provide long-term cost savings. The IQ-PIP-USP2 can also automatically limit the audio signal and detect and report various problems.

The IQ-PIP-USP2 also features digital signal processing capabilities including signal delays and a wide variety of filters.

In addition, the IQ-PIP-USP2 Load Supervision feature has the ability to verify the status of the loads in real time.

The IQ-PIP-USP2 uses Crown's IQ2 protocol. This makes it possible for a user to design custom graphic display modules to control and monitor the unit with IQ2-compatible IQ software. This allows even greater flexibility within Crown's IQ software via custom control pages. Plus, the IQ2 protocol provides for third-party programming for system controllers such as those from AMX and Crestron.

The following sections describe the IQ-PIP-USP2 features and operation. Where specified, some features are accessed via controls located on the unit itself. However, many of the features can be controlled or configured using IQ for Windows software. Commands are transmitted via an IQ interface to the specified IQ component (an IQ2-compatible interface is required). Please contact your Crown representative or Crown's Technical Support Group if you are unfamiliar with IQ software.

4.1 Hardware

4.1.1 Data Signal Presence Indicator

An amber Data Signal Presence Indicator (DATA) is provided on the front panel. It flashes whenever commands addressed to the IQ-PIP-USP2 are received. To assist with troubleshooting, an option that forces the DATA indicator to remain lit is available through IQ software.

4.1.2 Preset Indicator

A green PRESET indicator is provided on the front panel. This indicator signals the number of the currently selected preset by emitting a series of flashes which match the preset number, followed by a pause. The indicator will continuously repeat the number selected until a change is made to any setting.

4.1.3 Crown Bus Input/Output Connector

An RJ-45 connector provides both input and output connection to the Crown Bus. This connector is used for input in a conventional Crown Bus wiring configuration, and can be used for both input and output when a "hub" style Crown Bus wiring configuration is implemented (see Section 5.2). Drop-out relays maintain loop integrity in the event power is removed from the IQ-PIP-

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4.1.4 Crown Bus Daisy Output Connector

An RJ-45 connector is provided for normal daisy wiring output to the next device on the loop in the Crown Bus.

4.1.5 Balanced Audio Inputs

A female XLR connector is provided for balanced audio input to each channel of the amplifier. Do not use the Ch.2 Input if the amplifier is configured in either Bridge or Parallel-Mono mode.

4.1.6 Balanced Daisy Outputs

A male XLR connector is provided for balanced audio daisy chaining for each channel. Each daisy output connector can be set to pass processed or unprocessed signal from its respective channel via jumper settings.

4.1.7 AUX Input/Output and Listen Bus Connector

An RJ-11 connector provides three functions. The AUX output delivers 15 VDC at 10mA maximum output when switched on and may be controlled via software or may be programmed to switch when a fail condition is present on any channel.* The high-impedance (10 Kohm) AUX input can sense logic signals and can be programmed to activate system mute or report fault conditions when a logic high is present. (See Section 5.3.2 for more information.)

* The AUX output uses inverse logic when it is configured to report a fail condition. Normally high, it switches low when any channel fails a test. In this way it can also indicate a power loss.

Either amplifier channel's output can be monitored as a balanced line level signal which is sent to pins 1 and 6 of the RJ-11 connector (software selectable).

4.1.8 Crown Bus "Drop Out" Relays

“Drop out” relays are provided on the Crown Bus ports to maintain the continuity of the IQ communication loop even if the IQ-PIP-USP2 loses power.

4.2 Hardware Controls

The following IQ-PIP-USP2 controls are accessed via hardware switches located on the unit:

4.2.1 Daisy Select Jumpers

Jumpers select through or processed signal daisy routing to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 daisy XLR connectors. The Channel 1 daisy connector can be set for through (IN) or processed (OUT) signal from Channel 1, and the Channel 2 daisy connector can be set for through (IN) or processed (OUT) signal from Channel 2. See Figure 4.1.

4.2.2 IQ Address Switch (S1)

Figure 4.1 Daisy Select Jumper settings for through routing for both Channel 1 and Channel 2 signals.

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An 8-section DIP switch is used to set the IQ address of the unit. A valid IQ address is any number from 1 to 250. Numbers higher than 250 are reserved for special use. An address of "0" places the unit in standalone mode. In this mode, the IQ bus port is disabled and the PIP will not function with IQ software.

This switch is located on the underside of the circuit board. Each IQ component on a Crown Bus is given a unique IQ address so it can be independently controlled and monitored. Two or more IQ components of the same type should NEVER have the same address on the same Crown Bus loop.

For information on setting the IQ Address Switch, see Section 3.1.

4.2.3 Scaling Switch (S3)

A 4-section DIP switch is used to set the input and output scaling. This switch is located on the under-side of the circuit board. The factory-default setting is +20dBu.

For information on setting input and output scaling, see Section 3.1.

4.2.4 Reset/Preset Switch

A recessed reset/preset switch, accessible from outside the PIP panel, performs two functions. First, it enables the IQ-PIP-USP2 to be restored to factory default settings, and second, allows the user to recall any of ten presets. A straightened paper clip or similar small object is required to press the reset switch.

To select one of the ten presets, complete the following steps:

Remove all input signals. With the

power on, briefly press the switch for less than two seconds to toggle through the 10 user-defined presets stored in firmware. Each press will increment the selected preset by one. After the switch is released, the DATA light will flash rapidly for a moment, then the PRESET indicator will blink to indicate the preset number selected. Restore input signals.

To restore the unit to the factory default settings, complete the following steps:

Remove all input signals. With the power on, press the switch and hold for more than 2 seconds, or until the DATA indicator blinks twice, and all settings will be reset to factory default. When the switch is released, the DATA indicator will flash rapidly for a moment. Restore input signals.

To clear all memory and set to factory default presets:

Important: This action will re-write the flash memory and erase stored presets. The settings will be reset to factory default, with the firmware re-writing to flash memory.

Remove all input signals. Apply power. Press and hold the switch. The Data and Preset lights will simultaneously flash. After 7 flashes, release the switch when the lights are on. Lights will flash back and forth, then data light will flash by itself. If this does not occur, repeat the process.

After the unit has been reset to the factory default settings, it will behave like a standard PIP until it is reprogrammed by an IQ System. Restore input signals.

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4.3 Amplifier Control and Monitoring

The following IQ-PIP-USP2 features are accessed via IQ for Windows software.

4.3.1 User Presets

The parameters for all functions can be saved as presets. A total of ten user presets can be stored in the IQ-PIP-USP2's flash memory. Preset names are stored on the PIP

4.3.2 IOC Event Monitor

The Input/Output Comparator (IOC ^99 ) of each channel of the amplifier can be monitored by the IQ System. The IOC circuitry acts as a sensitive distortion meter to provide you proof of distortion-free performance. If distortion of any kind equals or exceeds 0.05%, the IOC circuit will cause an IOC Event Monitor on the front of the amplifier to flash. The IQ-PIP-USP2 can cause a warning to flash on your computer screen via IQ for Windows software indicating an IOC event. Also, it can report IOC events to its AUX port.

4.3.3 Input Signal Level Monitor The input signal level of each channel can be monitored. This monitor feature has a range from +20 dBu to -40 dBu in 12 -dB steps.

4.3.4 Output Signal Level Monitor

The output signal level of each channel of the amplifier can be monitored. This monitor feature has a range from 0 dB to -40 dB where 0

dB is referenced to the rated output voltage of the amplifier model.*

The IQ-PIP-USP2 features scaled output level meters. By factory default, the meters are calibrated such that 0 dB equals the amplifier's rated output into 4 or 8 ohms. If the IQ-PIP-USP2 is installed into a Com-Tech® amplifier, the meters default to 0 dB equals 70 Vrms. Changing the 4/8 - 70V mode software switch selects the respective scaling.

4.3.5 Thermal Headroom Level Monitor

The Thermal Headroom level** of each channel of the amplifier can be monitored by the IQ software. This level represents the percent of available power/thermal capacity that is currently being used within the output section of the amplifier. When the thermal headroom level reaches 100%, the amplifier cannot produce any more power and it will begin to limit the drive level to the output devices to protect them from too much stress.*** The Thermal Limiter feature of the IQ-PIP-USP2 can be set to engage upon a pre-selected thermal level. (See Section 4.3.15)

4.3.6 Power/Standby Control

* This is assumed to be 70V or the rated 8-ohm output for Com-Tech amplifiers or the rated 8-ohm output voltage for all other amplifiers.
** Thermal Headroom on your Crown amplifier may be labeled Output Device Emulation Protection (ODEP)
*** See the amplifier's Reference or Owner's Manual for more information about ODEP and how it works.

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Each channel's high-voltage supply can be independently turned on and off.

4.3.7 Signal Mute

The output signal of each channel can be independently muted. This function typically provides 80 dB or more of attenuation.

IMPORTANT: The daisy chain outputs are also muted by activation of this function if selected for "processed" out.

4.3.8 Polarity Inverter

The polarity of the input signal of each channel can be independently inverted.

4.3.9 Input Signal Attenuator

An attenuator at the input of each channel is used to control the input signal level. Each attenuator has a range from 0 dB to -80 dB in 12 dB steps. (Zero equals no attenuation.)

4.3.10 "Ghost Faders"

These indicators let you monitor the signal path gain where it may differ from manual gain set on input attenuation and output trim as the result of limiting or compression. They appear as flying faders "behind" the input attenuators.

4.3.11 Memory Backup

A memory backup feature is provided which can be disabled, if desired. The factory default setting is "enabled." When enabled, the memory backup stores all run-time parameters that can be controlled by the IQ software into nonvolatile flash memory. Memory backup occurs within 2 seconds after any parameter change. When disabled, all run-time parameters are returned to

the last backed-up values whenever the unit loses power.

CAUTION: Care should be taken to backup "safe" levels for the input attenuators and output trim controls. Changes made after disabling backup are not saved; therefore, it is possible for the memory backup feature to be turned off with "unsafe" levels stored. This may result in significantly greater system gain the next time power is re-applied to the IQ-PIP-USP2.

4.3.12 Amp Information

Several useful items of information about the host amplifier are determined by the IQ-PIP-USP2 at start-up. These include manufacturer, model, date code, serial number, and revision level. These can be printed from the system inventory.

4.3.13 Amp Mode

The Stereo (Dual), Bridge-Mono or Parallel-Mono mode of the amplifier can be stored in the IQ-PIP-USP2's memory so the IQ System is aware of the position of the amplifier's output mode switch. Storing this setting serves as an "electronic reminder" to the system; however, the actual mode of the amplifier cannot be controlled with this setting. The software amp mode setting can be displayed or modified via IQ for Windows software.

4.3.14 Amp Output Mode

On Com-Tech series amplifiers, the output mode of the amplifier can be stored in the IQ-PIP-USP2's memory so the IQ System is aware of the amplifier's output mode setting. This software switch also scales the out-

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put level meters for calibrated output indication.

4.3.15 Error Reporting

Four different error conditions can be detected by the IQ-PIP-USP2. They include IOC, Thermal, Fault, and Load. Reporting for each condition can be individually configured for output to the AUX port, the IQ for Windows software, or both. If you choose system software notification, you will receive notice of the fault condition via the IQ System. If you choose Aux out notification, the Aux out signal will switch from ON to OFF when a selected error has occurred. If you prefer, reporting can be switched off completely. Following is a description of each error condition:

IOC: You can choose to be informed when an excessive number of IOC events occur over a unit of time in either channel of the amplifier. When IOC error reporting is on, an alert will be generated when the number of IOC events per unit of time specified exceeds a count that you set. The Count control lets you set a number of IOC events per unit of time allowed before an error is generated. The range is 1 to 100. The Time control lets you set the unit of time in seconds during which the number of IOC error events are counted for possible error reporting. The range is 1 to 10 seconds.

Thermal: You can choose to be warned if the thermal level rises above a predetermined level. The Threshold control lets you set the thermal level above which an error message will be reported. The range is from 1 to 100%.

Fault: You can choose to be warned when an amplifier "fault" condition occurs when a channel fails. PIP2-compatible devices monitor a "fault" signal from the amplifier.

Load: You can choose to be warned if the impedance of the load being driven by the amplifier falls out of a pre-selected range. See Section 4.5 for instructions on setting up the load supervision feature.

4.4 Signal Processing

The following DSP signal processing features are controlled via IQ for Windows software.

4.4.1 Signal Processing Forms

Many of the advanced features of the IQ-PIP-USP2 are accessed from the IQ for Windows software Form panel.* This special feature allows the audio signal to be processed and routed according to three available "form" specifications: 2x2 Dual Processor, 1x2 Crossover/Processor + EQ, and AMCb+.

When a new form type is selected, the required signal processing blocks are automatically arranged to fit the scheme of the selected form. The result is a preset "template" for signal processing that makes it faster and easier for you to tailor your system to your specific needs.

* For more information about the structure of the forms environment within IQ for Windows, consult the documentation and help files which accompany the software.

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2x2 Dual Processor, the default form configuration, provides true stereo signal processing, with all signal processing options available on both channels.

1x2 Crossover/Processor + EQ provides Auto Standby, Input Compression Limiter, and Crossover and DSP Filter processing options on the signal for Channel 1 only. The signal is then routed to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 signal processing blocks for further processing and routing to the amplifier.

The AMCb+ form mimics the function of Crown's PIP-AMCb.* The signal is routed only to Channel 1 for DSP crossover, then the signal is routed to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 signal processing blocks for further processing and routing to the amplifier. In the AMCb form, Box EQ is specified for Channel 1, and CD Horn EQ is specified for Channel 2.

4.4.2 Signal Routing

Using IQ for Windows software, you can choose either or both Channel 1 and Channel 2 XLR inputs to drive the processing path for each channel of the IQ-PIP-USP2. You can also route the output of either channel to Channel 1 or Channel 2 amplifier inputs.

4.4.3 Auto Standby

The Auto Standby feature automatically turns off the high-voltage sup-

For more information about the PIP-AMCb, consult the PIP-AMCb Reference Manual, or contact Crown Technical Support.

plies of the amplifier when no audio signal is detected at the input for a predetermined period of time. The channels are controlled independently. There are four parameters which control this feature:

On/Off: Turns this function on/off.

Input Gate Level: Sets the level, in dB, below which the high voltage supply of an amplifier channel will be turned off. The range is from +16 dBu to -40 dBu.

Turn-Off Delay: Sets the time, in minutes, that the input signal must remain below the Standby Level before the channel's high-voltage supply is turned off. The range is from 0 to 255 minutes. A setting of 0 (zero) yields a turn-off delay of approximately 2 seconds to facilitate setup of the function.

Power-On Delay: Enables or disables the IQ address turn-on delay. This delay prevents all the amplifiers from turning on at the same instant and tripping power breakers. The turn-on delay is calculated by: 10 msec x IQ address value. It may be desirable to disable this feature so that the first syllable of speech is not missed in a voice page application.

4.4.4 Input Signal

Compressor/Limiter

An input signal compressor/limiter is available for each channel. There are five parameters which control this feature:

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On/Off: Turns this function on or off.

Threshold: Sets the threshold, in dB, above which the compressor acts. The level is measured at the input to the PIP and corresponds to the level shown on an input meter. The compressor is "feed-forward," meaning that the level detection point is located before the gain control stage. The range is from +16 dBu to -40 dBu.

Attack Time: Sets the attack time of the compressor. The attack time is defined as the time it takes the compressor to attenuate the input signal by 10 dB. The range is from 1 millisecond to 2 seconds.

Release Time: Sets the release time of the compressor. The release time is defined as the time it takes the compressor to increase the input gain by 10 dB. The range is 100 milliseconds to 30 seconds.

Compressor Ratio: Sets the compression ratio for the compressor. The range is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ∞ to 1.*

4.4.5 Programmable Filters Each channel can have as many as eight different cascaded filters (the actual number depends on the mix of filters chosen). There are seven different filter types from which to choose.

Low-Pass Crossover Filter (1st-4th order)

High-Pass crossover Filter (1st-4th order)

Parametric Equalization Filter (2nd order only)

* 1:1 is the same as "off."

Low-Pass Equalization Filter (2nd order only)

High-Pass Equalization Filter (2nd order only)

Low-Pass Shelving Equalization (1st order only)

High-Pass Shelving Equalization (1st order only)

DSP filters can be processed pre or post crossover, depending upon which form the IQ-PIP-USP2 is configured in (see the IQ for Windows documentation for more information about forms).

All filters have IIR based topologies to insure a proper magnitude/phase relationship for use in professional audio applications such as equalizer or crossover (dividing) networks. Each channel has a total of eight "biquad" filter cells.**

All filters with adjustable Q-factors can be set in fractions of an octave. See Section 5.4 for information about calculating Q-factors.

An indicator in the software shows how much DSP resources are being used by the selected filters. One 3rd or 4th order filter uses the equivalent of two 1st or 2nd order filters.

1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th-order responses result in 6, 12, 18 and 24 dB/octave roll-offs, respectively.

A description and list of the parameters of each filter type are presented next:

** "Biquad" refers to the double quadratic equations which mathematically describe each filter implemented in the digital signal processor.

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Low-Pass Crossover Filter

Description: This filter rolls off high frequencies at a rate determined by the shape parameter. The filter is commonly used to feed the low frequency portion of an audio signal to woofers or subwoofers. It can be combined with a high-pass crossover filter to create a band-pass crossover filter for driving mid-range drivers.

Passband gain: Fixed at unity.

Frequency: Sets the -3 dB corner frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

Shape: Sets the response shape of the filter. Available response shapes are: 1st-order Butterworth, 2nd-order Butterworth, 3rd-order Butterworth, 4th-order Butterworth, 2nd-order Bessel, 3rd-order Bessel, 4th-order Bessel and 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley.

High-Pass Crossover Filter

Description: This filter rolls off low frequencies at a rate determined by the shape parameter. The filter is commonly used to feed the high frequency portion of an audio signal to horns or tweeters. It can be combined with a low-pass crossover filter to create a band-pass crossover filter for driving mid-range drivers.

Passband gain: Fixed at unity.

Frequency: Sets the -3 dB corner frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

Shape: Sets the response shape of the filter. Available response shapes are: 1st-order Butterworth, 2nd-order Butterworth, 3rd-order Butterworth, 4th-order Butterworth, 2nd-order Bessel, 3rd-order Bessel, 4th-order Bessel and 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley.

Parametric Equalization Filter

Description: This filter boosts or cuts a relatively narrow frequency band like a band-pass filter. It is commonly used to correct specific anomalies in the response of drivers.

Passband Gain: Sets the amount of boost or cut for the filter. The range is +12 dB to -24 dB.

Frequency: Sets the center frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

Q: Sets the width and slope of the filter. The range is 0.1 to 30. The lower the Q, the wider the filter and the better the transient response and visa versa.

Low-Pass Equalization Filter

Description: This filter combines the functions of the parametric equalization filter to boost or cut a relatively narrow frequency band with a low-pass filter to roll of the frequencies above the center frequency.*

Frequency: Sets the center frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

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Q: Sets the width, slope and gain of the filter. The range is 0.1 to 30. The lower the Q, the wider the filter, the lower the gain and the better the transient response and visa versa. Gain examples: A Q of 2 will result in 6 dB of gain at the center frequency and a Q of 4 will result in 12 dB of gain.

High-Pass Equalization Filter

Description: This filter combines the functions of the parametric equalization filter to boost or cut a relatively narrow frequency band with a high-pass filter to roll of the frequencies below the center frequency.* It is commonly used to create a B (6th-order Butterworth) response in a vented loudspeaker enclosure.

Frequency: Sets the center frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

Q: Sets the width, slope and gain of the filter. The range is 0.1 to 30. The lower the Q, the wider the filter, the lower the gain and the better the transient response and visa versa. Gain examples: A Q of 2 will result in 6 dB of gain at the center frequency and a Q of 4 will result in 12 dB of gain.

Low-Pass Shelving Equalization Filter

* The low and high-pass equalization filters can be cascaded to form unique inter-order crossover-type filters.

Description: This filter boosts or cuts low frequencies by the specified amount of gain. When used to cut rather than boost, the filter acts like a high-pass filter rather than a low-pass filter. It has a fixed 1st -order slope (6 dB/octave).

Passband Gain: Sets the amount of boost or cut for the filter. The range is +12 dB to -24 dB.

Frequency: Sets the -3 dB corner frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

High-Pass Shelving Equalization Filter

Description: This filter boosts or cuts high frequencies by the specified amount of gain. When used to cut rather than boost, the filter acts like a low-pass rather than a high-pass filter. It has a fixed 1st-order slope (6 dB/octave). It is commonly used to compensate for the natural high-frequency roll-off of constant directivity horns.

Passband Gain: Sets the amount of boost or cut for the filter. The range is +12 dB to -24 dB.

Frequency: Sets the +3 dB corner frequency of the filter. The range is 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

4.4.6 Signal Delay

Signal delay can be set for each channel. The delay for each channel can be set using "Coarse" or "Fine" adjustment controls:

"Coarse" Delay: Sets the amount of signal delay. The range is 0 millisec-

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onds to 500 milliseconds in 1 milli-second steps.

"Fine" Delay: Sets the amount of signal delay. The range is 1.2916 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds in 20.83 millisecond steps. (The minimum delay of 1.2916 milliseconds is inherent in the DSP system design.) The net delay through the IQ-PIP-USP2 is the sum of the coarse and fine delay settings. Use of both controls provides a means for greater delay control. For example, the Coarse Delay control can be adjusted to provide cabinet-to-cabinet alignment, while the Fine Delay control can provide alignment within a cluster or cabinet.

4.4.7 Peak Voltage Limiter

This limits the peak voltage output of the amplifier. There are four parameters which control this limiter.

On/Off: Turns the limiter on or off.

Attack: Attack time is adjustable from 10 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds per 10 dB of overdrive.

Release: Release rate is adjustable from 100 milliseconds to 10 seconds per 10 dB or release.

Threshold: Absolute voltage threshold is adjustable from 12 Vpk to 255 Vpk in 1 volt steps.

4.4.8 Average Power Limiter

Limits the long-term power output from the amp. The actual output limiter threshold is determined by an absolute power threshold and the nominal load impedance setting. There are five parameters which control this limiter.

On/Off: Turns the limiter on or off.

Average Power Threshold: The threshold is adjustable from 10 to 1000 watts.*

Nominal Load Impedance: The nominal load impedance is settable from 1 to 1000 ohms, and should be set to correspond to the nominal impedance rating of the load connected to the respective channel.

Attack Time: Adjustable from 1 second to 30 seconds in 1 second increments.

Release Time: Adjustable from 1 second to 30 seconds in 1 second increments.

4.4.9 Clip Eliminator

This limiter eliminates amplifier clipping by monitoring IOC signals. The only control for this limiter is On/Off.

4.4.10 Thermal Limiter

A thermal limiter is provided to limit amplifier output as a function of available thermal headroom, allowing smooth system level reduction while preventing amplifier overload. There are four parameters which control this feature:

On/Off: Turns the thermal limiter on or off.

Threshold: Sets the thermal level, in percent, above which limiting will begin. The range is from 1 to 100%.

Attenuation: Sets the amount, in dB, that the input signal level will be attenuated for each percentage point that the thermal level exceeds the trigger level. The range is 12 to 6

^^ The average power threshold should be set per the loudspeaker's "long-term" power rating (consult your speaker documentation).

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dB in 12 -dB steps.

4.4.11 Output Trim Controls

An output trim control is provided for each channel to adjust the output gain after processing, allowing for "make-up" gain to compensate for losses due to crossovers, etc. Range is +12 dB to -80 dB in 12 -dB steps.

4.4.12 Tie Switch

The Tie switch connects all active compressors and limiters together so that any limiting/compression affects the signal on both channels, such as would typically be desired when processing stereo signals.

4.5 Load Supervision

The Load Supervision feature allows real time monitoring of the load connected to each amplifier channel. When enabled, the IQ-PIP-USP2 continuously monitors the amplifier output voltage and current and calculates the long-term average load impedance. The measured load impedance is compared against user defined high and low limits. If either limit is exceeded, the status indicator and/or IQ System error reporting functions alert the user of the problem. There are six controls and two indicators for each channel:

On/off: Turns the Load Supervision feature on or off.

High Limit: Sets the upper bound above which the system will report a "high" error status.

Low Limit: Sets the lower bound below which the system will report a "low" error status.

Nominal Load Impedance: Sets the expected average impedance for the connected load. This value de-

termines the output signal level required for test. This parameter is also used by the average power limiter to determine the expected power limit threshold. See Section 4.4.8

Calculate: This button invokes an impedance calculator. Entering output voltage and power will give the expected impedance.

Include in Standard Error Reporting: Enables error reporting so that any high/low status condition is reported via the IQ System (See Section 4.3.15).

Report to Aux: Enables any high/low status condition to be reported via the IQ-PIP-USP2 aux port output (See Section 4.1.7).

Test Indicator: This indicator lights when the load supervision algorithm is actually performing a load impedance calculation and test verification.

Low/Normal/High Indicator: This indicator shows the present status of the load with respect to the user defined high/low limits.

Z avg Monitor: Reports actual calculated average load impedance.

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graph TD
    A["Input"] --> B["NOT"]
    C["Input"] --> D["NOT"]
    B --> E["AND"]
    D --> F["AND"]
    E --> G["INTL"]
    F --> H["INTL"]
    G --> I["OUTL"]
    H --> J["OUTL"]
    I --> K["MAX"]
    J --> L["MAX"]
    K --> M["NOT"]
    L --> N["NOT"]
    M --> O["NOT"]
    N --> P["NOT"]
    O --> Q["OUTL"]
    P --> R["OUTL"]
    Q --> S["OUTL"]
    R --> T["OUTL"]
    S --> U["OUTL"]
    T --> V["MAX"]
    U --> W["MAX"]
    V --> X["MAX"]
    W --> Y["NOT"]
    X --> Z["NOT"]
    Y --> AA["NOT"]
    Z --> AB["NOT"]
    AA --> AC["OUTL"]
    AB --> AD["OUTL"]
    AC --> AE["OUTL"]
    AD --> AF["OUTL"]
    AE --> AG["OUTL"]
    AF --> AH["OUTL"]
    AG --> AI["MAX"]
    AH --> AJ["MAX"]

Figure 4.2 IQ-PIP-USP2 Signal Flow Block Diagram

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5 IQ Audio In Depth

This section provides additional information about Crown's IQ System with special guides to aid in the

installation and use of the IQ-PIP-USP2. For more information about any of these topics, contact Crown Technical Support.

5.1 A Closer Look at Audio Signal Wiring

Balanced XLR connectors are provided for audio input connection. The audio cables should be wired in one of the following manners (see Figure 5.1):

We strongly recommend that balanced wiring be used if possible. Some important guidelines follow:

• Always use shielded wire. The higher the density of the shield (the outer conductor), the better. Spiral wrapped shield is not recommended.

• When using unbalanced lines, keep the cables as short as possible. Avoid lengths greater than 10 feet (3 meters).
• Do not run audio input cables together with high-level wiring such as loudspeaker wires or AC cords. (This lessens the chance of hum or noise being induced into the input cables.)
• Do not connect audio and data grounds together. For example, do not connect the audio ground to the Crown Bus ground.

Figure 5.1 Audio Input Wiring

Figure 5.2 Audio Output Wiring

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- Turn the entire sound system off before changing any connections. Turn the level controls down before powering the system back up. Crown is not liable for damage incurred when any transducer or component is over-driven.

Balanced XLR connectors are provided for "daisy chain" audio connection. The audio cables should be wired in one of the following manners (See Figure 5.2):

DO NOT USE THE CHANNEL 2 INPUT if the amplifier is used in either Bridge-Mono or Parallel-Mono mode.

For additional information on audio input connection please refer to the amplifier's Reference or Owner's Manual. It contains helpful information on preventing unwanted subsonic frequencies, radio frequency interference, ground loops, and feedback oscillation.

5.2 A Closer Look at Crown Bus Wiring

The IQ-PIP-USP2 must be connected to a Crown Bus loop having an IQ2-compatible IQ interface in order for the IQ System to control or monitor it. The Crown Bus is a serial communication loop designed to transmit IQ commands and data. As implemented in the IQ-PIP-USP2, it is a 20 milliamp current loop operating at a BAUD rate of 38.4K . The loop must be unbroken to function properly.

If the system includes an IQ-INT II interface, it can accept eight different Crown Bus loops or zones. Dividing the sound system into different zones, each with its own Crown Bus loop, can have several advantages. The following list contrasts those advantages with those of a single loop.

Multiloop Advantages

• A break in communication in one loop does not affect other loops.
  • Over 250 IQ components of the same type can be used in a system.

- The same IQ address can be used more than once (once per loop per model).

Single Loop Advantages (with IQ-INT II interfaces)

• The IQ System can send and retrieve data faster in a single loop.

- "Real time" level display of a greater number of units is possible.

The IQ-PIP-USP2 can be connected to the Crown Bus with inexpensive twisted-pair wiring (shielded or unshielded). If fiber optic wiring is required contact the Crown Technical Support Group (see page 2).

Here are some guidelines for twisted-pair wiring:

- Use shielded twisted-pair wire at least 26 AWG in size when interference is a problem. The wire should be of good quality and should have low capacitance—30 picofarads/foot or less is good. (West Penn 452 or an equivalent wire works well.) The shield serves two purposes: First, it helps

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prevent the IQ data signal from transmitting to nearby audio wiring. Second, it helps prevent outside RF from interfering with the data signal. However, in most cases interference is not a problem and, since unshielded wire has lower capacitance, it is a better choice.

• Minimize the total capacitance of each Crown Bus loop. The total capacitance should be less than 30 nanofarads. Allow for approximately 60 picofarads for each IQ component in a loop. This accounts for a slight delay which occurs as data signals pass through a component.
• Add an IQ Repeater for very long loops—greater than 1,000 feet (305 m)—or when required by high-capacitance wire. Although we recommend a repeater for loops longer than 1,000 feet, it is often possible to go 2,000 feet (610 m) or more. The most significant characteristic of the wire is its capacitance. Lower capacitance allows longer loops. Unshielded wire usually has less capacitance.
• Never use the ground wire in a mic snake line. It may sometimes be convenient to run Crown Bus data signals to and from stage monitor amplifiers along unused wire pairs in a mic snake. Do not use the ground wire which is normally connected to pin 1 on an XLR connector or data noise will be added to the audio lines. Use only the signal lines which normally connect to pins 2 and 3 of the XLRs. ^A

Outside RF interference is seldom a problem for a Crown Bus loop—especially if shielded twisted-pair wire is used. However, there are extreme situations when fiber optic wiring is recommended. For example, locating a Crown Bus loop next to an AM radio transmission line may require fiber optic cabling. An extremely long Crown Bus loop distance may also require fiber optic cabling.

5.2.1 "Hub" Style Crown Bus Wiring

The Crown Bus can be wired using a "hub" arrangement, making addition and removal of IQ components in the field easier and faster with less chance of loosing loop integrity. As in a conventional loop arrangement, the Crown Bus is wired in a serial loop, but all IQ components on the loop are connected at a central patch panel (see Figure 5.3). Typically Cat5 RJ-45 style patch panels are implemented, and allow the use of off-the-shelf pass-through network cable for connecting the IQ-PIP-USP2 to the patch panel.* The combination input/output Crown Bus connector on the IQ-PIP-USP2 has been designed specifically for this use.

When wiring the Crown Bus in a hub arrangement, all unused ports on the patch panel must be terminated with shorting plugs to close the loop. For more information about wiring the Crown Bus in a hub arrangement, contact Crown Technical Support.

* Separate shielded pairs may be required for long runs.

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graph TD
    A["INT II"] --> B["CAT. 5 PATCH PANEL"]
    B --> C["USP2"]
    B --> D["SLM-8"]
    B --> E["USM 810"]
    C --> F["STANDARD TILLI-TYPE NETWORK CABLE (EQUITY)"]
    D --> G["SHORTING PLUG-FON UNUSED PORTS"]
    E --> H["DIN IN OUT"]
    style B fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style C fill:#ccf,stroke:#333
    style D fill:#cfc,stroke:#333
    style E fill:#fcc,stroke:#333

Figure 5.3 Example of "Hub" Style Crown Bus Wiring Arrangement

5.3 Using the AUX Connector

The IQ System offers tremendous flexibility and the auxiliary feature connector provides a means of tapping into it. It can be used to turn peripherals on/off, send a signal to another system component, receive a signal from another component, and send a line level audio signal of amplifier's output.

The AUX connector is an RJ-11 type. Pins 2 and 5 are used to receive a signal and pins 3 and 4 are used to send a signal.

5.3.1 AUX Output

When the auxiliary feature is turned on by the IQ for Windows software

+15 VDC is supplied across pins 3 (ground) and 4 (+). A total of 10 milliamps of current is available. A 1.5 K ohm resistor protects against shorts (See Figure 5.4).

There are many possible uses for the AUX output. For example, it can be used to turn on auxiliary cooling fans. To do this the AUX connector might be used to close a relay.* The

* A suitable solid-state relay for use in such a circuit is available from Crown (CPN D8063-6). Contact your local Crown representative or the Crown Factory Parts Department (219-294-8200) to order.

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Figure 5.4 The Internal AUX Circuit

relay would then turn the fans on or off. This is shown in Figure 5.5.

By monitoring the operating condition of amplifiers with the IQ System software, the need for additional cooling would be apparent. The same software could then be used to turn on the appropriate AUX connector. (For more information about turning the auxiliary feature on/off, consult the IQ for Windows software documentation.)

5.3.2 AUX Input

Depending on the IQ software being used, the AUX connector can be used to sense the presence of an input signal across pins 2 (+) and 5 (ground). A +5 to +15 VDC signal at the input will be interpreted as a logic "high" and will be communicated to the Crown Bus where a host

Figure 5.5 A Sample AUX Output Circuit

computer or controller can act upon it. A signal less than +1.6 VDC is interpreted as a logic "low."

* A negative signal can also be used as a logic low because the signal is internally clamped to protect the internal circuitry.

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5.4 Listen Bus

Use the diagram in Figure 5.6 to connect an audio monitoring system, such as a headphone preamp, to the IQ-PIP-USP2 Listen Bus.

Figure 5.6 Listen Bus Connection

Figure 5.7 demonstrates how multiple amplifiers can be monitored using the Listen Bus. Crown's IQ for

Figure 5.7 Multiple -Amp Listen Bus Configuration

Windows software allows you to select the amplifier and channel you wish to monitor.

5.5 Working with RJ-11 and RJ-45 Connectors

Pin assignments for standard RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors are indicated in Figure 5.8.

Figure 5.8 RJ-11 & RJ-45 Pin Assignments

When wiring RJ-11 connectors, it is good practice to follow the USOC protocol for RJ-11 connector cable. This protocol assigns wire colors as follows:

1 white-green 4 white-blue
2 white-orange 5 orange-white
3 blue-white 6 green-white

When wiring RJ-45 connectors, it is good practice to follow the EIA/TIA 568B protocol for RJ-45 connector cable. This protocol assigns wire colors as follows:

1 white-orange 5 white-blue
2 orange-white 6 green-white
3 white-green 7 white-brown
4 blue-white 8 brown-white

Extra care must be taken when attaching RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors to cable. Make sure you use the appropriate crimping tool and verify that the connector is properly seated into the tool, or damage will result.

Contact Crown Technical Support for additional information about working with RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors.

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5.6 Q-Factor Calculation

Many of the DSP filters on the IQ-PIP-USP2 feature adjustable Q-factor, which is a measure of the filter's selectivity or sharpness. Q-factor is adjustable in fractions of an octave on the IQ-PIP-USP2.

Use the table in Figure 5.9 to determine Q-factor for a given bandwidth

in octaves. The table relates the Q-factor to bandwidth in octaves according to the equation:

$$ Q = \frac {2 ^ {(1 / 2 K)}}{1 ^ {(1 / K)} - 1} $$

where K is the number of equal divisions per octave.

Q-factor	K	BW in Octaves
0.200	0.21	4.8
0.266	0.25	4
0.667	0.5	2
1.414	1	1
2.415	1.5	2/3
2.871	2	1/2
4.318	3	1/3
8.651	6	1/6
14.42	10	1/10
28.85	20	1/20
43.28	30	1/30
50.00	34.7	1/35
100.0	69.3	1/70

Figure 5.9 Q-factor vs. Bandwidth

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5.7 Load Supervision Applications

The IQ-PIP-USP2 Load Supervision feature can be used to monitor the amplifier load in real time with almost any program material. Average load impedance is calculated as a function of amplifier output voltage and current. The system requires approximately 20-30 mA of average amplifier output current for adequate supervision. This allows typically low average output power levels of less than 12 watt with most loads. The maximum load impedance for reliable system performance is limited to about 50 ohms. Higher impedances can be measured but may require higher amplifier output levels for reliable operation.

Most amplifier/load systems can be configured and supervised by following these steps:

1 Configure your audio system using a known "good" load, then enable the Load Supervision feature.
2 Provide typical program material at a level high enough to light the "test" indicator.
3 Run the system at this level until the average impedance stabilizes. This may take seconds to minutes depending on level, duty-cycle, etc.
4 Set the nominal impedance at the measured value average. This optimizes the supervision algorithm for voltage and current levels versus the actual load Note: a higher nominal setting will require higher output levels.

5 Set the high limit at twice average and the low limit at one-fourth nominal.*

6 Let the system run for extended periods using any and all typical program material.

7 Adjust the high/low limits, if necessary, to account for any variance in average measured impedance.

8 Enable error reporting, if desired.

This procedure should work well for most applications. However, some applications can be a little more difficult. Some very low-level and/or low duty-cycle signals may not adequately "test" the load. Lab and situation testing have shown output levels as small 40 dB below rated amplifier output to be enough for most low-impedance loads. Higher impedance loads such as those used in "lightly-loaded" 70V distribution lines may require signal level near 20 dB below rated output.

The "Nominal Load Impedance" control is used to optimize the system for the most accurate calculation of load impedance. It should be set to the expected nominal (or rated) impedance of the "normal" load. The high limit should be set for at least 2 times the expected nominal or actual measured load, while the low limit should be set to 12 the expected nominal or actual measured load.

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The following example calculates the SPL necessary for supervision of a typical 8-ohm system. While the resulting 80-dB SPL @ 1 meter is definitely above conversation level, it is not uncomfortable.

An "8 ohm" example:

30 mA into 8 ohms = 0.007 watts

8-ohm driver sensitivity = 100dB for 1W @ 1 meter

0.007W/1W = -20dB

Required SPL for supervision test is 100dB - 20dB = 80dB SPL @ 1 meter

5.7.1 Typical Load

Characteristics to Know and Understand

It is well known that the typical loudspeaker impedance is not the same for all frequencies. This variance is due to the effect of electrical properties such as the expected increase in impedance at high frequencies

due to driver voice-coil inductance, or the peaks and valleys due to passive crossovers. Testing of various passive boxes has shown peaks of 100 ohms or more! Low frequency impedance variation can come from the interaction of the driver compliance with that of the box. The low frequency variations are usually wide bandwidth and may vary from 6 to 30 ohms on an 8-ohm driver.

These anomalies are easily averaged out by the IQ-PIP-USP2 supervision algorithm in most systems. However, there may be some extreme situations for very narrow bandwidth (i.e. single-note) signals and/or very widely varying loads that the algorithm simply cannot overcome. In these cases, widening the high and low limits will help decrease the "sensitivity" of supervision and decrease chance of "nuisance" error reports.

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6 Specifications

General

Internal Controls: An 8-segment DIP switch sets the IQ address (decimal range: 1–250).* A 4-segment DIP switch sets input and output scaling. A Reset/Preset switch, accessible with a straightened paper clip through the PIP panel, selects the next user preset if pressed for less than 2 seconds, resets settings to "factory default" if it is pressed for more than 2 seconds, or re-writes from firmware to flash memory restoring all settings to factory default if it is pressed while applying power. Jumpers select thru or processed signal for daisy output of each channel.

Connectors: Crown Bus: RJ-45 connector for input/output, RJ-45 connector for daisy output. AUX In/Aux Out/Listen Bus: RJ-11 connector. Audio Input: Balanced 3-pin female XLR connector for each channel. Audio "Daisy Chain" Output: Balanced 3-pin male XLR connector for each channel.

Indicators: A yellow DATA indicator flashes when a valid IQ command is received from the IQ System via the Crown Bus. The DATA indicator can be forced on to facilitate rapid troubleshooting of Crown Bus wiring. A green PRESET indicator flashes to indicate the user preset number currently selected in memory. If the PRESET indicator does not flash the preset number when

* If address "0" is selected, the IQ-PIP-USP2 will operate in stand-alone mode. In this mode, the Crown bus port is deactivated.

selected, this indicates the preset has been modified by the user.

Memory Backup: 1 Mbyte non-volatile FLASH memory for backup of run-time parameters, presets, and program storage. Capable of 80,000 writes minimum.

Power Requirements: Power draw: 240 mA @ +24 VDC and 65 mA @ -24 VDC. When installed into a Crown PIP-compatible amplifier, the unit receives ±24 VDC from the amplifier. No external power is required.

Total Power Dissipation: 7.4 watts.

Crown Bus Data

Communication

Protection: If communication is lost, the unit will continue to function with the last commands received.

Data Rate: 38.4 K BAUD.

Data Format: Serial, binary, asynchronous; 1 start bit; 1 stop bit; 8 data bits; no parity.

Crown Bus Interface Type: Optically isolated 20 milliamp serial loop.

Operation: Half duplex.

Transmission Distance: Variable from 200 to 3000 feet (61 to 914 m), depending upon wire capacitance. Typically 1000 feet (305 M) using shielded twisted-pair wire, #26 AWG or larger. Can be extended with an IQ Repeater.

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Audio

Please note: The audio specifications are referenced to 0.775 V (0 dBu). Measurements were made at the output of the IQ-PIP-USP2 module, itself.

Digital Signal Processor (DSP): 60 MHz Motorola 56002 DSP processor provides 30 million operations per second.

Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC): 24-bit, 48 kHz sample rate, Delta-Sigma converter.

Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC): 24-bit, 48 kHz sample rate, Delta-Sigma converter.

Input Impedance: Nominally 20 k ohms balanced and 10 k ohms unbalanced.

Maximum Input Level: +20 dBu.

Dynamic Range: >100 dB (A-weighted, 20 Hz to 20 kHz).

Frequency Response: ±0.5 dB from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

Common Mode Rejection (CMR): 50 dB (typical).

Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (THD+N): <0.05% (1 kHz, 0dBu).

Daisy Output Impedance: Nominally 150 ohms (balanced).

Maximum Output Level: +20 dBu.

IQ System Data Acquisition

Eight Channel, 12-bit Analog to Digital Converter running at 100 kHz.

Input/Output Monitor Accuracy: Typically ±1 dB.

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7 IQ Address Tables

The following pages in this section contain lookup tables for every valid IQ address. The valid addresses are 1 to 250. Remember that address "0" (zero) will put the IQ-PIP-USP2 into a stand-alone mode where it is invisible to the IQ System and acts like a "dumb" balanced audio input. Do not use an address number higher than 250! Addresses above 250 are reserved for special system use.

Remember: No two IQ components of the same type which are connected to the same Crown Bus loop can have the same address.

To use the IQ address tables, simply find the address you want and set the IQ address switch of the IQ-PIP-USP2 as shown. See Section 3.1 also.

Figure 7.1 IQ Address Switch (S1) Settings from 0 through 83

Figure 7.2 IQ Address Switch (S1) Settings from 84 through 167

Figure 7.3 IQ Address Switch (S1) Settings from 168 through 250

8 Using the IQ-PIP-USP2 with the IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter

The IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter allows many older Crown PIP-compatible amplifiers (i.e., Macro-Tech® 00 Series, Com-Tech® 00 Series, and Studio Reference Series amplifiers) to access the power and versatility of the Crown IQ-PIP-USP2 module. The IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter can be installed into the following Crown amplifier models:

CT-200*, CT-400*, CT-800*, CT-1600*

MA-600, MA-1200, MA-2400

MA-3600VZ, MA-5000VZ**

MA-24x6, MA-36x12

Macro Reference*

Studio Reference

Studio Reference II

*Important: Some of the first generation Com-Tech Series and Macro-Reference amplifiers have soldered 16-pin ribbon and 5-pin signal cable connections, rather than the modular type described in Section 3.3. If you find that your original Com-Tech Series or Macro-Reference amplifier has the soldered type cable connections, contact the Crown Technical Support Group for installation instructions.

**Important: Some newer Macro-Tech MA-5000VZ amplifiers are already PIP2-compatible and can accept the IQ-PIP-USP2 directly. Older MA-5000VZ amplifiers are not PIP2-

compatible. Those amplifiers have soldered 16-pin ribbon and 5-pin signal connections, rather than the modular type described in Section 3.3. If you find that your MA-5000VZ amplifier has the soldered type cable connections, contact the Crown Technical Support Group for installation instructions.

Important: The IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter is designed for use with the IQ-PIP-USP2 module ONLY, and will NOT work with the IQ-PIP-USP2/CN or any other PIP module.

Important: The IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter requires IQ for Windows, version 5.02 or newer. Older versions of the software will not recognize the adapter and allow communication with the IQ-PIP-USP2 module.

Please note the following differences when using the IQ-PIP-USP2 with the IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter:

Different Identification within IQ for Windows

- IQ for Windows software recognizes and identifies the IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter itself, rather than the IQ-PIP-USP2 module (see Figure 9.1).

- The serial number is fixed to "AFTERMKT."

• The Date Code is fixed to the date of the IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter manufacture.

(See other differences on the next three pages)

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Figure 8.1 "General" Tab showing Identification of IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter

Peak Voltage and Average Power Voltage Limiter Peak Voltage and Average Power Limiters are not available.

graph TD
    A["Input 1: Peak Voltage Input"] --> B["Output 2: Peak Voltage Input"]
    B --> C["Output 3: Power Input"]
    C --> D["Output 4: Thermal Input"]
    D --> E["Output 5: Output Path"]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style E fill:#ccf,stroke:#333
    style_F["Input 1"] --> G["Output 2"]
    style G --> H["Output 3"]
    style H --> I["Output 4"]
    style I --> J["Output 5"]

Figure 8.2 "Signal Path" Tab showing Peak Voltage and Average Power Limiters Disabled

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Figure 8.3 "Peak Voltage Limiter" Block Disabled on "Signal Path" Tab

Figure 8.4 "Average Power Limiter" Block Disabled on "Signal Path" Tab

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Fault and Load Error Reporting

Fault and Load Error Reporting are not available.

Figure 8.5 "Error Reporting" Tab showing Fault and Load Error Reporting Disabled

Load Supervision

Load Supervision is not available.

Figure 8.6 "Load Supervision" Tab showing Load Supervision Disabled

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8 Service

8.1 Worldwide Service

Service may be obtained from an authorized service center. (Contact your local Crown/Amcron representative or our office for a list of authorized service centers.) To obtain service, simply present the bill of sale as proof of purchase along with the defective unit to an authorized service center. They will handle the necessary paperwork and repair.

Remember to transport your unit in the original factory pack.

8.2 US and Canada Service

Service may be obtained in one of two ways: from an authorized service center or from the factory. You may choose either. It is important that you have your copy of the bill of sale as your proof of purchase.

8.2.1 Service at a US or Canada Service Center

This method usually saves the most time and effort. Simply present your bill of sale along with the defective unit to an authorized service center to obtain service. They will handle the necessary paperwork and repair. Remember to transport the unit in the original factory pack. A list of authorized service centers in your area can be obtained from the Crown website at www.crownaudio.com, or by calling Crown Factory Service.

8.2.2 Factory Service

To obtain factory service, fill out the service information page found in the back of this manual and send it along with your proof of purchase

and the defective unit to the Crown factory.

For warranty service, we will pay for ground shipping both ways in the United States. Contact Crown Factory Service to obtain prepaid shipping labels prior to sending the unit. Or, if you prefer, you may prepay the cost of shipping, and Crown will reimburse you. Send copies of the shipping receipts to Crown to receive reimbursement.

Your repaired unit will be returned via UPS ground. Please contact us if other arrangements are required.

8.2.3 Factory Service Shipping Instructions:

1. Before sending a Crown product to the factory for service, first call Crown Factory Service for a return authorization (RA) number.

2. Be sure to fill out the service information form that follows and enclose it with your shipment, either inside the box or in a packing slip envelope securely attached to the outside of the shipping carton. Do not send the service information form separately. If you are sending the unit from a Shipping Center, we recommend taping the form to the product. We also recommend recording the serial number and model before shipping for your reference.

3. To ensure the safe transportation of your unit to the factory, ship it in an original factory packing container.

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If you don't have the original carton, you may obtain a product service foam-in-place shipping pack from Crown Factory Service at the number listed below. For non-warranty service, you may also provide your own shipping pack, however we still recommend using a Crown supplied shipping container. Minimum recommended requirements for materials are as follows: 275 P.S.I. burst test Double-Wall carton that allows for 2-inch solid Styrofoam on all six sides of unit or 3 inches of plastic bubble wrap on all six sides of unit; securely seal the package with an adequate carton sealing tape. Do not use light boxes or "peanuts." Damage caused by poor packing cannot be covered under warranty.

1. Do not ship the unit in any kind of cabinet (wood or metal). Ignoring this warning may result in extensive damage to the unit and the cabinet. Accessories are not needed-do not send the product documentation, cables and other hardware.

If you have any questions, please contact Crown Factory Service.

Crown Factory Service

1718 W. Mishawaka Rd. Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.

Telephone: [phone]

800-342-6939 (North America,

Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands only)

Facsimile:

574-294-8301 (Technical Support) 574-294-8124 (Factory Service)

Internet:

http://www.crownaudio.com

UNITED STATES & CANADA

SUMMARY OF WARRANTY

Crown International, 1718 West Mlishawaka Road, Elkhart, Indiana 46517-4095 U.S.A. warrants to you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUBSEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown product, for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (the "warranty period") that the new Crown product is free of defects in materials and workmanship. We further warrant the new Crown product regardless of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this Warranty.

ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN WARRANTY

This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of a new Crown product which occurred within the Warranty Period. It does not cover any product which has been damaged because of any intentional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which is covered under any of your insurance contracts. This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the new Crown product if the serial number has been defaced, altered, or removed.

WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO

We will remedy any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund unless you agree, or unless we are unable to provide replacement, and repair is not practical or cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then you must make the defective or malfunctioning product available to us free and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal to the actual purchase price, not including interest, insurance, closing costs, and other finance charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can only be performed at our authorized service centers or at the factory. Warranty work for some products can only be performed at our factory. We will remedy the defect and ship the product from the service center or our factory within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective product at our authorized service center or our factory. All expenses in remedying the defect, including surface shipping costs in the United States, will be borne by us. (You must bear the expense of shipping the product between any foreign country and the port of entry in the United States and all taxes, duties, and other customs fees for such foreign shipments.)

HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE

You must notify us of your need for warranty service within the warranty period. All components must be shipped in a factory pack, which, if needed, may be obtained from us free of charge. Corrective action will be taken within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the defective product by us or our authorized service center. If the repairs made by us or our authorized service center are not satisfactory, notify us or our authorized service center immediately.

DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL & INCIDENTAL DAMAGES

YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH A DEFECT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATIONS OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

WARRANTY ALTERATIONS

No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty is not extended by the length of time which you are deprived of the use of the new Crown product. Repairs and replacement parts provided under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty.

DESIGN CHANGES

We reserve the right to change the design of any product from time to time without notice and with no obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured.

LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER

THIS CROWN WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be commenced later than ninety (90) days after expiration of the warranty period.

THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ANY OTHERS

CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR CROWN PRODUCTS.

WORLDWIDE EXCEPT USA & CANADA

SUMMARY OF WARRANTY

Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road, Elkhart, Indiana 46517-4095 U.S.A. warrants to you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUBSEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown' product, for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (the "warranty period") that the new Crown product is free of defects in materials and workmanship, and we further warrant the new Crown product regardless of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this Crown Warranty.

^1 Note: If your unit bears the name “Amcron,” please substitute it for the name “Crown” in this warranty.

ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN WARRANTY

This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of a new Crown product which occurred within the Warranty Period. It does not cover any product which has been damaged because of any intentional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which is covered under any of your insurance contracts. This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the new Crown product if the serial number has been defaced, altered, or removed.

WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO

We will remedy any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund unless you agree, or unless we are unable to provide replacement, and repair is not practical or cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then you must make the defective or malfunctioning product available to us free and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal to the actual purchase price, not including interest, insurance, closing costs, and other finance charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can only be performed at our authorized service centers. We will remedy the defect and ship the product from the service center within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective product at our authorized service center.

HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE

You must notify us of your need for warranty service within the warranty period. All components must be shipped in a factory pack. Corrective action will be taken within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the defective product by our authorized service center. If the repairs made by our authorized service center are not satisfactory, notify our authorized service center immediately.

DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL & INCIDENTAL DAMAGES

YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH A DEFECT.

WARRANTY ALTERATIONS

No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty is not extended by the length of time which you are deprived of the use of the new Crown product. Repairs and replacement parts provided under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty.

DESIGN CHANGES

We reserve the right to change the design of any product from time to time without notice and with no obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured.

LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER

No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be commenced later than ninety (90) days after expiration of the warranty period.

THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ANY OTHERS

CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR CROWN PRODUCTS.

Crown Factory Service Information

Shipping Address: Crown Customer Service,

1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, IN U.S.A. 46517

Phone: [phone] or 1-574-294-8200 Fax: [phone]

Owner's Name:

Shipping Address:

Phone Number:

Model:

Fax Number:

Serial Number:

Purchase Date:

NATURE OF PROBLEM

(Be sure to describe the conditions that existed when the

problem occurred and what attempts were made to correct it.)

Other equipment in your system:

If warranty has expired, payment will be:

□ Cash/Check

□ VISA

MasterCard

C.O.D.

P.O. for Crown Dealer

Card Number:

Exp. Date:

Signature:

ENCLOSE THIS PORTION WITH THE UNIT.

DO NOT MAIL SEPARATELY.