FX-991W - Scientific calculator CASIO - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL FX-991W CASIO

ENGLISH Removing and Replacing the Calculator’s Cover + To Remove the cover Grasp the top of the cover, and slide the unit out from the bottom. + To Replace the cover Grasp the top of the cover, and slide the unit in from the bottom. Always slide the unit into the cover with the units display end first. Never slide the keyboard end of the unit into the cover.

Safety Precautions Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later ref- erence. À Caution This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in personal injury or material damage if ignored Batteries + After removing the batteries from the calculator, put them in a safe place where there is no danger of them getting into the hands of small children and accidently swallowed. + Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If accidently swallowed, consult with a physician im- mediately + Never charge batteries, try to take batteries apart, or allow batteries to become shorted. Never expose bat- teries to direct heat or dispose of them by incinera- tion. + Misuse of batteries can cause them to leak acid that can cause damage to nearby items and creates the possibiliy of fire and personal injury. + Always make sure that a battery's positive © and negative © sides are facing correctiy when you load it into the calculator. + Remove the batteries if you do not plan to use the calculator for a long time. + Use only the type of batteries specified for this cal- culator in this manual Disposing of the Calculator + Never dispose of the calculator by burning it. Doing So can cause certain components to suddenly burst, creating the danger of fire and personal injury.

+ The displays andillustrations (such as key markings) shown in this Users Guide are for illustrative pur- poses only, and may differ somewhat from the ac- tual items they represent. + The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. + In no event shall CASIO Computer Co. Ltd. be li- able to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or aris- ing out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co, Lid. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. Handling Precautions + Be sure to press the P button on the back of the cal- culator (step (6) on page 35 or 36) before using it for the first time (fx-570W/fx-100W ). + Be sure to press the (key before using the calcula- tor for the first time (fx-991W/fx-115W). + Even ifthe calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every three years forthe fx-570W/fx-991W/fx-115W, or at least once every two years for the fx-100W. Dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunc- tion of the calculator. Never leave the dead battery in the calculator. + The battery that comes with the calculator when you purchase it is for testing only. It may not provide full service life. + Low battery power can cause memory contents to become corrupted or lost completely. Always keep en records of all important data.

+ Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to tempera- ture extremes. Very low temperatures can cause slow display response, total failure of the display, and shortening of battery life. Also avoid leaving the calculator in direct sunlight, near a window, near a heater or anywhere else it might be- come exposed to very high temperatures. Heat can cause discoloration or deformation of the calculators case, and damage to internal circuitry. Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to large amounts of humidity and dust. Take care never to leave the calculator where it might be splashed by water or exposed to large amounts of humidity or dust. Such elements can damage internal circuitry. Never drop the calculator or otherwise subject it to strong impact. Never twist or bend the calculator. Avoid carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trou- sers or other tight-fiting clothing where it might be sub- jected to twisting or bending, Never try to take the calculator apart. Never press the keys of the calculator with a ball-point pen or other pointed object. Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the unit. If the calculator becomes very dirty, wipe it off with a cloth moistened in a weak solution of water and a mild neutral household detergent. Wring out all excess mois- ture before wiping the calculator. Never use thinner, ben- zine or other volatile agents to clean the calculator. Do- ing so can remove printed markings and damage the case.

Before Starting Calculations. B Modes Mode Mode Application Name _| _Indicator Calculation Modes Normal calculations COMP = Complex number calculations CMPLX CMPLX Standard deviation calculations sD sp Regression calculations | REG REG Baso-n calculations BASE-N | b (binary) o (octal) d (décimal) H (hexadecimal) Angle Unit Modes Degrees DEG L] Radians RAD El Grads GRA C] Display Modes Exponential notation (Canceling FIX and SCI None . specification) _ Number of decimal place specification FIX Fix Number of significant sci sa digit specification Exponential display range specifications ENG ENG Note! + Mode indicators appear in the lower part of the display, except for the Base-n indicators which appear in the ex- ponent part of the display. + The ENG mode cannot be selected while the calculator is in the CMPLX or BASE-N mode

+ You cannot set the angle unit or the display mode while the calculator is in the BASE-N mode. + The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG modes can be used in combination with the angle unit modes. + Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG, COMP, CMPLX) and angle unit mode (DEG, RAD, GRA) before beginning a calculation. HE input Capacity + The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79 “steps.” Whenever you input the 73rd step of any calcu- lation, the cursor changes from “_"to “IR” to let you know memory is running low. If you still need to input more, you should divide your calculation into two or more parts. E Making Correc! + Use © and ®) to move the cursor to the location you want. + Press Œ to delete the number or function at the current cursor position. + Press [MS to change to an insert cursor £1. Inputting something while the insert cursor is on the display in- serts the input at the insert cursor position. + Press CO, (®), 69) (MS, or Æ retums to the normal cur- sor from the insert cursor. B Replay Function + Pressing ®) or recalls the last calculation you per- formed. You can then make any changes you want in the calculation and re-execute it. + Pressing Æ does not clear Replay memory, so you can recall the last calculation even after you press + Replay memory is cleared whenever you start a new calculation, change to another mode, or turn off power.

M Error Locator + Pressing ®) or © after an error occurs displays the calculation with the cursor positioned at the location where the error occurred. BH Exponential Display Formats This calculator can display up to 10 digits. Larger values are automatically displayed using exponential notation. In the case of decimal values, you can select between two formats that determine at what point exponential notation is used. Press (8) C9 (or (21) to select NORM 1 or NORM 2. + NORM 1 With NORM 1, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than two decimal places. + NORM2 With NORM 2, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than nine decimal places. + All of the examples in this manual show calculation re- sults using the NORM 1 format. H Answer Memory + Whenever you press Æ3 after inputting values or an ex- pression, the calculated result is automatically stored in Answer Memory. You can recall Answer Memory con- tents by pressing Fr). + Answer Memory can store up to 12 digits for the mantissa and two digits for the exponent. + Answer Memory contents are not changed if the opera- tion performed by any of the above key operations re- sults in an error. E-10

Basic Calculations + Use the COMP mode for basic calculations. + Example 1: 3x(5*x10) :805@ 608 LE] + Example 2: 5x(9+7) same] + You can skip all CD] operations before Æ3. Memory Calculations H independent Memory + Values can be input directly into memory, added to memory, or subtracted from memory. Independent memory is convenient for calculating cumulative totals. + Independent memory uses the same memory area as variable M. + To clear independent memory (M), input C0) 619 (M). + Example: 53-—-6=47 _) 45x2-90 SE (Total) -11 45€826 0m 90. E Variables + There are nine variables (A through F, M, X and Y), which can be used to store data, constants, results, and other values. + Use the following operation to delete data assigned to all nine variables: + Use the following operation to delete data assigned to a particular variable: This operation deletes the data assigned to variable A E-11

Percentage Calculations + Use the COMP mode for percentage calculations. + Example 1: To calculate 12% of 1500 CEE + Example 2: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660 CPC + Example 3: To add 15% onto 2500 2500 €8 15 2875. + Example 4: To discount 3500 by 25% 3500 E3 25 © ©) © 2625. + Example 5: If 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage increase in weight? 300 +500 | 100 = 160 (%)

+ Example 6: If temperature changes from 40°C to 46°C, what percentage did it rise? 46 — 40 5 * 100 = 15 (%) CRT ms E-13

4.25 @n ©) (2) (R) ©

+ Example 7: 8! 8e © © 40320. + Example 8: To generate a random number between

ÉCL |mrre Example (results aiflr each time) + Example 9: 3x 3€ © 6 [9424777961

+ Press © CD to clear FIX specification. + Example 2: 1+ 3, displaying result with two significant digits (SCI 2) Ge) (0) (os 2) 21338 + Press © © to clear SCI specification: M ENG Calculations + Example 1: To convert 56,088 meters to kilometers 56088 E3 56.088 + Example 2: To convert 0.08125 grams to milligrams 0.08125 © 81.25% E inputting ENG Calculation Symbols . C1 enters the ENG mode in which ENG symbols can be used in calculation + To exit the ENG mode, press (=) 2. + The following are the nine ENG symbols that can be used in ENG mode calculations. Key Operation Unit Symbol Es) 7 105 K (kilo) Es (mn 105 M (Mega) En @ 10° G (Giga) E 107 T (Tera) Es) (m) 10% m (milli) E 105 u (micro) En On] 105 n (nano) En 10-12 P (pico) Gel 10-15 f (femto) E17

• For displayed values, the calculator selects the ENG sym- bol that makes the numeric part of the value fall within the range of 1 to 1000.

• ENG symbols cannot be used when inputting fractions.

• The ENG mode cannot be used in combination with the CMPLX, or BASE-N modes. + Performing any of the key operations in the above table while you are not in the ENG mode inputs the exponen- ‘ial value in the “Unit’ column (without inputting the ENG symbol). + Example: 9+10 = 0.9 m (mili) (2)

In he ENG mode, ven standard (nor-ENG) calculation results are displayed using ENG symbol.

0 Ge) (D [ 1.047197551 ©), 6) (D swaps displayed value with value in memory. H Permutation + Example: To determine how many different 4-digit val- ues can be produced using the numbers 1 through 7 + Numbers cannot be duplicated within the same 4-digit value (1234 is allowed, but 1123 is not).

EH Combination + Example: To determine how many different 4-member groups can be organized in a group of 10 individuals 8x]

Statistical Calculations HE Standard Deviation (SD Mode) + Press (1 to enter the SD Mode for statistical calculations using standard deviation. + Data input always starts with E® Ge © to clear statisti- cal memory. + Input data is used to calculate values for n, 2x, ZE, X, On and On-1 which you can recall using the key operations noted nearby. E-19

+ Example: To calculate Gn-+, On, à, n, Ex, and 3° forthe following data : 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, 52 Enter SD Mode œ &®) Ge) © (Memory Clear) (Samp SunaarDeiaten on) EE © (Popion Sanars Devation cu) EE E3 {athmoïe an à) 0e Quunber Dar) a) (Sum ot vas 29 mm (sum ol Sauresatvaues 25 ME Data Input Precautions nputs the same data twice. + You can also input multiple entries of the same data us- ing &9) CE]. To input the data 110 ten times, for example, press 110 En (10 + The above results can be obtained in any order, and not necessarily that shown above. + To delete data you have just input, press =) BE Probability Distribution Calculations + Press &® @s") to produce the screen shown below. PC Q( RC =t

+ Input a value from (1) to [4] to select the probability distribution calculation you want to perform. E-20

+ Example : Using the x-data values input in the example on page 20, determine the normalized variate (->) for = 53 and normal probability distribution P(1). sen en © (1) 8 CRT] en em (D (PO -0280) 8 LD | EH Regression Calculations (REG Mode) + Press (2) to enter the REG mode and then se- lect one of the following regression types. CD; Linear regression : Logarithmic regression : Exponential regression : Power regression : Inverse regression : Quadratic regression + Data input always starts with E® (Gen © to clear statisti- cal memory. + The values produced by a regression calculation depend on the values input, and results can be recalled using the key operations shown in the table below. xou4

+ Linear Regression ‘The regression formula for linear regression is: E-21

+ Example:_ Atmospheric Pressure vs. Temperature npaure | Apesgher | Perform linear regression to de- F ressure | termine the regression formula 1e re pra terms and correlation coefficient 2e 010 pe) for the data nearby. Next, use the SC ON mp) régression formula to estimate at- FC op | Mospheric pressure at 18°C and à | femperature at 1000 hPa. Enter REG Mode (Linear Regression) ms) Æ9 69) & (Memory Clear) 1007100309 15 C1 100 200)101007 2501101 (Ragresion CoacentA} ne {Rogrssion Cohen 8) ve {Creation Cociiient 0e {Temperature at 1000 hPa) 1000 En) ©) äimosgheric Pressure at 18°C) 18) + Quadratic Regression + The regression formula for quadratic regression is: y = A+ Br 4x + input data using the following key sequence. <x-data> C) <y-data> + Example: F 577 Perform quadratic regression to de- 29 | 6 | termine the regression formula terms 2 _] and correlation coefficient for the data 50 | 235 nearby. Next, use the regression for- 74_| 380 | mula to estimate the values for ÿ (es- 103 | 46.4 | timated value of y) for xi = 16 and à 118 | 48.0 | (estimated value of x) for yi= 20. E-22

Enter REG mode (Quadratic regression) En 61) © {Regression Coefficient A) E9 ( © [3559856934 {Bogression Goetient 8) © © © [1405930413 (Rogesson Coutcenc) MODE Gwen 16) 160 {when i = 20) 20 9 ©) Laon i = 20) #® Data Input Precautions inputs the same data twice. + You can also input multiple entries of the same data us- ing & CE]. To input the data “20 and 30” five times, for example, press 2007 30 & CD 5 + The above results can be obtained in any order, and not necessary that shown above. + To delete data you have just input, press =) Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX Mode) + Press {= (2) to enter the CMPLX Mode for calculations that include complex numbers. + You can use variables A, B, C and M only. Variables D, E, F, X, andY are used for storage of the imaginary parts of values and so cannot be used by you. E-23

Imaginary number part B Absolute Value/Argument Calculation + The procedure described below can be used to deter- mine the absolute value (Abs) and argument (arg) for a complex number of the format Z = a + bi, which is pre- sumed to exist as coordinates on a Gaussian plane. + Example: To obtain the absolute value (r) and argu- ment (8) for the complex number 3 + 4i, when DEG is set for the angle unit mode Imaginary number axis Real number axis Determine the absolute value. ww (034008 Determine the argument. E9 &y) (0383 4008 [53.13010235 Formula Memory Formula memory lets you input a single formula in memory, and then input values for the formula's vari- ables to calculate results. E-24

+ Memory can hold a single formula, up to 79 steps long. This function can be used in the COMP or CMPLX mode on. + Note thatthe formula is actually stored in memory when you press the (2) key in the sequence below. + Example: To save the following formula, recall it, and then use it to calculate a result: Ÿ = X? + 3X — 12 Input the formula. &9) M) En ©) &s 0 &) si 00 8 12 Store it in memory. [ES] Input a value for its variable. 7 ©

+ Fomula memory is cleared whenever you start a new calculation, change to another mode, or turn off power. Metric Conversions (fx-570W/fx-991W) + A total of 20 different conversion pairs are built-in to pro- vide quick and easy conversion to and from metric units. + See the Conversion Pair Table on page 26 for a com- plete list of available conversion pairs. + Example: To convert 31 inches to centimeters

Of is he inches to-centimeters conversion pair number. E-25

+ Conversion Pair Table Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA Bulletin 63 (1986) data. Number _ | Conversion Pair Number _] Conversion Pair 01 [n—cm 21 org 02 [cmin 22 [9-7 03 [nm 23 |b—K9 04 [mi 24 [kg Ib 05 |ydm 25 [am—Pa 06 |m—yd 26 [Pa—atm 07 | mile km 27__|mmHg — Pa 08 [km mie 28 | Pa — mmHg 09 [nmiem 29 [hpkWw 10 [mnmie 30 [KW hp 1 jacrem 31 |Kkgfom Pa 12 [m—acre 32 [Pa —kgfem 13 [ga (US) € 83 |kgfm—J

15 [gal(UK) —-# 35 [ibn — kPa 16 |£ — gal(UK) 36 [kPa — bin 17 [pe km 87 [FC 18 [kmpe 38 |°C—"F 19 [kmh—ms 39 [J—cal 20 [nvs km 40 Jcal—J Scientific Constants (fx-570W/fx-291W) + À total of 40 commoniy-used scientific constants, such as the speed of light in a vacuum and Planck's constant are built-in for quick and easy lookup whenever you need them + Simply input the number that corresponds to the scien- tific constant you want to look up and it appears instantly on the display. + See the Scientific Constant Table on pages 27 and 28 for a complete list of available constants. E-26

+ Example:_ To determine how much total energy a per- son weighing 65kg has (E = mo) 65 Es) 28 is ie “speed of light in vacuum constant number: + Scientific Constant Table Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA Bulletin 63 (1986) data. Number Constant Name Symbor 01 —_[proion mass mp 02 [neutron mass mn 03 [erectron mass me 04 [muon mass my 05 [Bohrradius Be 06 [Prancks constant n 07 [nuclear magneton a 08 |Bohr magneton HE 09 Plancks constant, ralonalzeg (N-ban) a 10 [fine-struciure constant œ 1 [classical electron radius E T2 [electron Compton wavelengin 13 [proton gyromagneic ratio T4 [proton Compion wavelengin 15 [neutron Compion wavelengin 16 Rydberg constant 17 [atomic mass unit u T8 [proïon magnetic moment up 19 [electron magnetic moment ue 20 [neutron magnetic moment un 21 [muon magnetic moment une 22 [Faraday constant F E-27

Number Constant Name Symbor 23 [eiementary charge e 24 [Avogadro constant NA 25 [Boizmann constant k 26 [moiar volume ofidea gas LA 27 [moiar gas constant R 28 [speed ofighin vacuum Ta 25 [first radiation constant Ci 80 [second radiaiion constant CG 31 [Siefan-Bolzmann constant œ 82 [permitiviiy of vacuum E 33 [permeabiliy of vacuum Ua 34 [magnetic flux quantum Pa 35 [standard accsieralion of graviy g 36 [asironomical unit AU 7 [parsec pe 3 [Ceisius temperaiure T 89 [Newlonian constant of gravilalion & 40 [standard aimosphere am Base-n Calculations + In addition to decimal values, calculations can be per- formed using binary, octal and hexadecimal values. + You can specify the default number system to be ap- plied to all input and displayed values, and the number system for individual values you input. You cannot use scientific functions in binary, octal, deci- mal, and hexadecimal calculations. You cannot input val- ues that include decimal part and an exponent. If you input a value that includes a decimal part, the unit automatically cuts off the decimal part. Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are pro- duced by taking the two's complement You can use the following logical operators between values in Base-n calculations: and (logical product), or logical sum), xor (exclusive logical sum), xnor (exclu- sive logical sum negation), Not (negation), and Neg (mi- nus). E-28

+ The following are the allowable ranges for each of the available number systems. Binary 1000000000 = x= 1111111111 O=x= 0111111111 Octal 4000000000 = x = 7777777777 O=x= 8777777777 Decimal 2147483648 = x = 2147483647 Hexadecimal 80000000 =x= FFFFFFFF OZx= 7FFFFFFF + Example 1: To perform the following calculation and produce a binary result:

Integration Calculations + The following four inputs are required for integration cal- culations: a function with the variable x; a and b, which define the integration range of the definite integral: and n, which is the number of partitions (equivalent to N=2") for integration using Simpsons rule. expression C] a) bOnCD + Use the COMP mode for integration calculations. + Example: To calculate: [° (2x + 8x + 8) dx Ca 269 C9 3 Em OST] Note! 8 [1506666667 + You can specify an integer in the range of 1 to 9 as the number of partitions, or you can skip input of the number of partitions entirely, of you want. + Internal integration calculations may take considerable time to complete. + Display contents are cleared while an integration calcu- lation is being performed intemally. Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations + You can perlorm sexagesimal calculations using degrees (hours), minutes, and seconds, and convert between sexagesimal and decimal values. + Example 1: To convert the decimal value 2.258 to a sexagesimal value ME 215288 + Example 2: To perlorm the following calculation: 12°3456" x 3.45 240 56083450 0.] eCazsr2 E-30

Technical Information Æ When you have a problem... If calculation results are not what you expect or if an error oceurs, perform the following steps.

4. Check the formula you are working with to confirm it is

5. Enter the correct modes to perform the calculation and

try again. <fx-570W/fx-100W> Ifthe above steps do not correct your problem, press the P button (see page 35 or 36) on the back of the calculator to resetit. Pressing the P button deletes all data stored in caleulator memory. Make sure you always keep written copies of all important data. <fx-991W/fx-115W > If the above steps do not correct the problem, press the key. The calculator performs a self-check operation and deletes all data stored in memory if any abnormality is detected. Make sure you always keep written copies of all important data. Error Messages The calculator is locked up while an error message is on the display. Press @ to clear the error, or press CO or) to display the calculation and correct the problem. See “Error Locator' on page 10 for details. Ma ERROR + Cause + Calculation result is outside the allowable calculation range. + Attemptto perform a function calculation using a value that exceeds the allowable input range. E-31

+ Attempt to perform an illogical operation (division by zero, elc.). + Action + Check your input values and make sure they are all within the allowable ranges. Pay special attention to values in any memory areas you are using. Stk ERROR + Cause + Capacity of the numeric stack or operator stack is ex- ceeded. + Action + Simply the calculation. The numeric stack has 10 levels and the operator stack has 24 levels. + Divide your calculation into two or more separate parts. Syn ERROR + Cause + Attempt to perform an illegal mathematical operation. + Action + Press (© or ®] to display the calculation with the cursor located at the location of the error. Make nec- essary corrections. Arg ERROR + Cause + Improper use of argument + Action + Press C or 1) to display the location of the cause of the error and make required corrections. H Order of Operations Calculations are performed in the following order of prec- edence. ( Coordinat transformation: Pol (x, »), Rec (r, 6) Integrations: fdx @ Type A functions: With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed. ax ta, ot @ Powers and roots: à’, 7 E-32

® alle @ Abbreviated multiplication format in front of x, memory name, or variable name: 2x, 5A, zA etc. © Type B functions: With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered. IT, NT, log, In, e*, 10°, sin, cos, tan, sin-!, cos-!, tan”? sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh-*, cosh-", tanh-*, (—) @ Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions: 2 3, Alog2 etc.

8) Permutation and combination: nPr, nCr

• Operations of the same precedence are performed from right to left. e’in ÿ7 120 — e‘{In( — 120)} Other operations are performed from left to right

• Operations enclosed in parentheses are performed first. EH Stacks This calculator uses memory areas, called ‘stacks" to tem- porarily store values (numeric stack) and commands (com- mand stack) according to their precedence during calcu- lations. The numeric stack has 10 levels and the command stack has 24 levels. À stack error (Stk ERROR) occurs whenever you try to perform a calculation that is so com- plex that the capacity of a stack is exceeded E-33

HE Power Supply The type of battery you should use depends on the model number of your calculator. <hx-991W/fx-115W > The TWO WAY POWER system actually has two power supplies: a solar cell and a G13 Type (LR44) button bat- tery. Normall, caleulators equipped with a solar cell alone can operate only when relatively bright light is present. The TWO WAY POWER system, however, lets you con- tinue to use the calculator as long as there is enough light 10 read the display. + Replacing the Battery Either of the following symptoms indicates battery power is low, and that the battery should be replaced. + Display figures are dim and difficult to read in areas where there is little light available. + Nothing appears on the display when you press the key. + To replace the battery (D Remove the six screws that hold the back cover in place and then remove the back Screw Sorew cover. @ Remove the old battery. @ Wipe off the sides of new bat- tery with a dry, soft cloth. Load it into the unit with the posi- tive ® side facing up (so you can see it). Replace the back cover and secure it in place with the six screws. @ Press @to tum power on. Be sure not to skip this step. E-34

<fx-570W > This calculator is powered by single G13 Type (LR44) but- ton battery. + Replacing the Battery Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator when the battery is low can result in improper operation. Replace the battery as soon as possible when display figures become dim. + To replace the battery @ Press (5) to turn power off. @ Remove the to screws that hold the battery cover in place and then remove the battery cover. @ Remove the old battery. Wipe off the side of new battery with a dry, soft cloth. Load it into the unit with the positive © side facing up (so you can see it) @ Replace the battery cover and secure it in place with the two screws. @ Use a thin, pointed object to press the P button. Be sure not o skip this step. @ Press Œ P button to turn power on. E-35

<fx-100W > This calculator is powered by single AA-size battery. + Replacing the Battery Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator when the battery is low can result in improper operation. Replace the battery as soon as possible when display figures become dim. + To replace the battery @ Press 5) to turn power off. (2 Remove the six screws that hold the back cover in Screw Screw place and then remove the back cover. @ Remove the old battery. @ Load a new battery into the unit so its positive © and negative © sides are fac- ing correctly. @ Replace the back cover and secure it in place with the six screws. © Use a thin, pointed object P button to press the P button. Be sure not to skip this step. @ Press Œ to tum power on. + Auto Power Off Calculator power automatically turs off if you do not per- form any operation for about six minutes. When this hap- pens, press ŒÆ (fx-991W/fx-115W: (00) ) to turn power back on. E-36

E input Ranges Aceuracy: As a rule, accuracy is +1 at the 10th digit. Funcions Input Range sinx | DEG [0= | <4.490099099x 10% RAD |0= |x| =785398163.3 GRA [0= lx| <4.499099999x 10% cosx [DEG [02 1x] <4.500000008x 10% RAD |0= |x| =785398164.9 GRA [0= fx] <5.000000009x 10" tanx _[DEG | Same as sinx, except ven [x{= (2n-1)x 90 RAD | Same as six, except when [x[= (2n-1)xx/2 GRA [Same as sinx, except when [x1= (2n-1)x 100 SX M cos x tan x 9999999999 x 10° Sinhx <230.2585092 coshx SIN | 6= |x| <4.909009900x 10% coshx tanhx x| <9.999999999 x10* tanhx logxinx|0< x 10" |-9.900000090x 1072 x = 99.99999999 e°__[-0.999999999x 10"= x = 2302585092 = x < 1 x 101% F [hero 1x [he 1x10%;x+0 Fr Nero 9 (x is an integer) E-37

• Erros are cumulative with such internal continuous cal- culations as x”, “{T, xl, and Vx, so accuracy may be adversely affected. E-38

Specifications Power Supply: #x-100W: Single AA-size battery (RGP (SUM-3)) #x-570W: Single G13 Type button battery (LR44) 1x-115W/fx-991W: Solar cell and a single G13 Type button bat- tery (LR44) Battery Life: fx-100! pproximately 17,000 hours continuous dis- play of flashing cursor. Approximately 2 years when left with power turned off. #x-570W: Approximately 12,000 hours continuous dis- play of flashing cursor. Approximately 3 years when left with power turned off. 1x-115W/fx-991W: Approximately 3 years (1 hour use per day). Dimensions: #x-100W: 19.2(H)xX76(W)X 164(D) mm SH) X3"(W)X87/6"(D) 1x-115W/fx-570W/fx-991W: 10(H)}X76(W)X150(D) mm Se"(H)X3"(W)X 57/8" (D) Weight: #x-100W: 114g (402) including battery #x-115W/fx-570W/fx-991W: 85 g (302) including battery Power Consumption: 0.0001\W Operating Temperature: 0°C - 40°C (32°F - 104°F) E-39