CAL E690 - Watch CITIZEN - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL CAL E690 CITIZEN

This radio controlled watch receives standard radio waves broadcast from China

This watch is equipped with an Automatic Reception Function that sets the time and date by automatically receiving radio waves at 2 a.m., or at 4 a.m. when radio waves are unable to be received at 2 a.m., each day, and an On Demand Reception Function that allows you set the time and date by arbitrarily receiving radio waves at any time.

• Only standard time radio waves (BPC) broadcast from the People's Republic of China are received.
• The radio controlled watch has no effect on the human body or medical equipment.

Fully charge your watch before use by exposing it to suffi cient light

The second hand will move at 2-second intervals when the watch is insufficiently charged. Charge your watch as indicated in “Guide to Charging Time” (p. 220).

- Charge the watch in direct sunlight for a long time once a month.

Illustration of a window with curtains and a pair of eyeglasses on a floor, under a sun (no text or symbols)

Names of Parts (1: Models With a Slide Rule Bezel)

RX: Reception standby NO: Reception status Hour hand 24-hour hand Second hand Crown for turning the outside scale ON/OFF (Alarm/daylight saving time) Function hand (day, chronograph minute, chronograph 1/20 second) Button (B) Crown H, M, L: Reception level/reception status Minute hand Date Button (A) Mode hand (time, chronograph, local time, reference position, alarm, calendar)

* This manual provides a description of operations for models without a slide rule bezel. Refer to the illustration above if you have a model with a slide rule bezel.

Names of Parts (2: Models Without a Slide Rule Bezel)

RX: Reception standby NO: Reception status Hour hand 24-hour hand Second hand ON/OFF (Alarm/ daylight saving time) Function hand (day, chronograph minute, chronograph 1/20 second) Button (B) Crown H, M, L: Reception level/reception status Minute hand Date Button (A) Mode hand (time, chronograph, local time, reference position, alarm, calendar)

* The illustrations shown in this manual may differ from the actual watch you have purchased.

Before Use

* Align the mode hand with TME.

(The modes can be switched by pulling out the crown to position 1. Turn the mode hand until it aligns with one of the three TME marks. After you have changed the mode, push in the crown to its original position.)

graph TD
    A["Check the movement of the second hand.<br>The second hand is moving at 1-second intervals.<br>The second hand is moving at 2-second intervals or is stopped."] --> B["Which hand is located at the 4:00 position."]
    B --> C["The second hand indicates a reception status of NO."]
    C --> D["Refer to &quot;On demand reception&quot; (p. 175) to perform the radio wave reception."]
    D --> E["Charge the watch by placing it in direct sunlight."]
    F["Mode hand 160 161"] --> G["Button (A)"]
    H["NO: Reception status"] --> I["RX: Reception standby"]
    I --> J["H, M, L: Reception level/reception status"]

Radio Wave Reception Procedures

- The watch can receive radio waves in time mode (TME, three positions) and local time mode (L-TM). It cannot receive radio waves in the other modes.

Automatic reception

- It is not necessary to operate buttons to perform automatic reception.

The watch will receive the radio waves at 2 a.m. every day. If a radio wave cannot be received at 2 a.m., it will try again automatically at 4 a.m. and the time and date will be adjusted.

On demand reception (manual reception)

- Radio waves can be received at any time.

Use this function when automatic reception is impossible due to changes in the reception environment. Do not move the watch during on demand reception to ensure proper reception of the radio waves. (This may take up to approx. 13 minutes.)

Remove the watch from your wrist and place on a stable surface near a window, where the radio wave can be easily received, with the 6:00 position pointing to the direction of the radio wave transmitter.

- Press and hold button (A), located at the 4:00 position, for more than 2 seconds to initiate On demand reception. After the confirmation tone has sounded and the second hand has moved to the RX: reception standby position (12:00), release the button.

- Radio wave reception may be difficult during the hours around sunrise and sunset. Avoid attempting to receive radio waves during these times. For detailed instructions on how to receive radio waves, refer to "Radio Wave Reception" (p. 174).

- It is not necessary to press and hold the lower right button (A) during Automatic reception.

To confirm that a radio wave has been properly received, press button (A), which is located at the 4:00 position, after attempting to receive the radio wave. The second hand will show H, M or L when the radio wave has been properly received. The watch is ready to use. The second hand will show NO when the radio wave has not been properly received. Change the location of the watch and try again.

Diagram showing a radio tower emitting signals to a digital dashboard with a watch and gear mechanism

Power Saving Function

The second hand will stop at the 12:00 position to save power when the watch has not been exposed to light for 30 minutes or more because it has been put away or is covered by clothing.

• The other hands will continue to move normally.
- As soon as the watch is exposed to light again, the power saving function will be cancelled and the second hand will begin to move normally.
* Refer to "Power saving function" (p. 218) for more details.

Table of Contents

1. Your Watch....168
2. Operating the Crown....169
3. Before Use 170

A. Radio wave reception function 170
170
....171
......172

Radio Wave Reception

1. Radio Wave Reception....174

A. Position of the second hand during reception 177
B. Confirming the reception status....178
C. Reception level and reception status 179
D. Reception area guidelines....180

Operations in Each Mode

1. Switching the Mode 182

2. Using the Chronograph....184

3. Setting the Local Time/Daylight Saving Time 186

4. Using the Alarm....190

5. Setting the Time and Date Manually....192

A. Setting the time....192

B. Setting the date....194

1. Checking and Correcting the Reference Position....198

A. Checking the reference position 198

B. Correcting the reference position 200

Using the Slide Rule Bezel....203

Solar Power

1. Solar Power Function .....215

......215

......215

1. Characteristics of the Solar Powered Watch 216

A. Power saving function....218

218

218

B. Insufficient charge warning function 219

C. Overcharging prevention function 219

1. Guide to Charging Time for the Solar Powered Watch .....220

2. Handling Your Solar Powered Watch 222

Charging precautions....222

Handling the secondary battery....223

Changing the secondary battery 223

1. Troubleshooting 224

224

225

1. Precautions....226

2. Specifications....232

1. Your Watch

This watch can receive radio waves (BPC) broadcast from the People's Republic of China that contain information that automatically corrects the time and the date of your watch. In addition, this solar powered Eco-Drive watch is powered by photo energy converted into electrical energy.

This watch also provides the following functions:

Chronograph function

- Chronograph can measure up to 59 minutes and 59 seconds 95 in 1/20-second units.

Local time function

• This function allows the watch to be set to the time in another time zone.
• Local time can be adjusted in 1-hour units.
• Daylight saving time can be switched on or off.

Alarm function

• The alarm can be set based on the 24-hour clock.
- The alarm will sound for 15 seconds when the designated time is reached.

Perpetual calendar function

- The date (elapsed years, month, date and day of week) will maintain its accuracy until February 28, 2100, even without receiving the radio wave.

2. Operating the Crown

Quickly turn the crown to the right or left by 2 clicks to make hands (hour, minute or second hand) move continuously.

Turn the crown by 1 click to the right or left to stop hands.

Using the side of your finger, quickly turn the crown by 2 clicks.

There are two models available for the crown: normal and screw lock. In the case of normal crown watch, the crown has simply to be pulled out.

1. Turn the crown to the left.
2. When the screw lock is released, the crown pops out a little and stops in the normal position.
3. After using the crown, push it in gently while turning it to the right to lock it.

3. Before Use

A. Radio wave reception function

An antenna for receiving the radio waves is located inside the watch at the 6:00 position. For best reception, it is recommended to point the 6:00 position of the watch to the direction of the radio wave transmitter. The reception level may be affected by the surroundings in which the watch is being used. Place the watch in different locations and directions while paying attention to the reception level (H, M or L) to find the most receptive location or orientation to give a reception level of H or M.

[NOTE] The watch can receive radio waves in the time mode (TME, three positions) and local time mode (L-TM). The watch cannot receive radio waves in any other mode.

Time mode (TME) TME CAL TME CHR TME AM 0 LTM Local time mode (L-TM)

• Remove the watch from your wrist and place on a stable surface near a window where the radio wave can be easily received. Do not move the watch during reception.
• Reception may be difficult due to the surroundings or metal shielding. When inside a building and so on, place the watch as close to a window as possible for good reception.

Reception takes about 2 to 13 minutes. If reception has failed due to environmental factors, the watch might return to the normal indication after about 60 seconds.

It may not be possible to properly receive the radio waves under environmental conditions where reception is difficult or in areas susceptible to radio noise.

◆ Extremely hot or cold locations Inside ♦inforced concrete buildings, between tall buildings or mountains, or underground

◆ Inside vehicles, including cars, trains and aero planes

◆ Near cellular phones in use

◆ Near high-tension electrical lines, railway overhead wires or communication facilities

◆ Near TVs, refrigerators, computers, fax machines and other home electronics or offi ce appliances

4. Radio Wave Reception

- There are three kinds of reception: automatic reception, on demand reception, and recovery automatic reception. When the radio wave has been properly received, your watch will automatically correct the time and date.

[NOTE] Do not move the watch until the radio wave has been properly received.

1. Automatic reception

- The watch will receive the radio waves at 2 a.m. every day. If the radio wave cannot be received at 2 a.m., it will begin receiving radio waves again automatically at 4 a.m. (If the watch has successfully received the radio wave at 2 a.m., reception is not performed at 4 a.m.)

① Remove the watch from your wrist and place on a stable surface near a window, where the radio wave can be easily received, with the 6:00 position pointing to the direction of the radio wave transmitter.
② After the second hand has been moved to the reception standby (RX) position, it will point to H, M or L to indicate the reception level, and reception will begin.
③ When the radio wave has been properly received, the second hand will automatically move from H, M or L and return to the correct time.

2. On demand reception

- Radio waves can be received at any time.

① Remove the watch from your wrist and place on a stable surface near a window, where the radio wave can be easily received, with the 6:00 position pointing to the direction of the radio wave transmitter.
② Press and hold button (A), located at the 4:00 position, for more than 2 seconds. After the confirmation tone has sounded, the second hand will move to the RX: reception standby position (12:00). Release the button. Next, perform steps ② and ③ as indicated in “1. Automatic reception” (p. 174).

[On demand reception completion chime]

• When a radio wave has been successfully received, a chime will sound twice, and the time will be corrected.
• If the reception has failed, the chime will sound once, and the watch will return to the time indicated before the reception.

3. Recovery automatic reception

• When the watch has stopped due to an insufficient charging, the radio waves are automatically received once.
  However, it is necessary to charge the watch under sunlight for approximately 30 minutes in order to perform recovery automatic reception.
  Regularly charge your watch so that it does not become insufficiently charged.

If the lower right button (A) is pressed for more than 2 seconds during reception, the reception will be cancelled and the hands will return to the current time.

A. Position of the second hand during reception (Second hand movement from the start of the reception to completion)

[Reception standby] [During reception] [Reception completed]

Reception standby Reception level ... Button (A) Reception level ... CITIEN ON THE DREAM

• Second hand points to RX and stops.
II, M or I. to indicate the reception level. Second hand will move to correct the time during reception, but reception has not finished.
- When reception is successful, the second hand will return to 1-second interval movement and the other hands will be automatically corrected. If reception has failed, the watch will show the time indicated before reception started. Do not move the watch until the second hand has returned to 1-second interval movement.

B. Confirming the reception status

- Press the lower right button (A) once to confirm the reception status. The second hand will then move to H, M, L or NO.

[NOTE] Do not press the lower right button (A) for more than 2 seconds. If you do this, the second hand will move to the 12:00 (RX) position and on demand reception will begin.

If you have mistakenly begun on demand reception, press and hold the lower right button (A) for more than 2 seconds to cancel the reception.

- Reception status will be indicated for 10 seconds before the watch automatically returns to the current time. You can also press the lower right button (A) again to return to the current time while reception status is indicated.

C. Reception level and reception status

- The second hand will show the reception level during radio wave reception. To check the reception status, press the lower right button (A) once after reception has finished.

H, M and L only indicate the reception level, and do not affect the performance.

Reception level	Reception status
II	Radio wave reception environment was very good
M	Radio wave reception environment was good
L	Radio wave reception environment was not very good

NO Reception failed

(The time display may shift slightly depending on the reception environment and internal watch processing even if radio waves are properly received.)

D. Reception area guidelines

The map shows the approximate reception area. However, reception area may vary according to changes in conditions for the radio wave due to factors including time, season and weather.

The reception area on the map is only guideline, and it may be difficult to receive the radio wave even within the areas indicated on the map.

Standard time radio wave	Radio wave transmitter
BPC Shangqiu, Honan

The standard time radio wave used by this radio controlled watch is broadcast almost continuously, but may be interrupted occasionally due to special circumstances at the radio wave transmitter.

Radio waves cannot be received during this period.

China Beijing Shanghai Taipei Hong Kong Taiwan

5. Switching the Mode

• This watch has six modes: time (in three positions), chronograph, local time, reference position, alarm and calendar.
• The same time is indicated for all three time mode (TME) positions.

When you pull the crown out to position 1 (mode switching position), the second hand will rotate clockwise and stop at the 30 seconds position.

If the second hand does not stop at the 30 seconds position, refer to "Checking and Correcting the Reference Position" (p. 198) and perform "Correcting the

Reference Position" as indicated.

① Turn the crown to align the mode hand with the desired mode.
- Turn the crown to the right or left to select a mode. The mode hand moves and each mode can be selected.
② Pull the crown out to position 2 (mode adjustment position) to adjust each mode.
- For details on the mode adjustment, refer to the procedures for each mode.

Mode switching position Mode adjustment position Second hand Mode hand

[Mode names] Time mode Calendar mode Time mode Alarm mode Chronograph mode Time mode Local time mode Reference position mode

graph TD
    A["TME\nTime mode"] <--> B["CHR\nChronograph mode"]
    B <--> C["TME\nTime mode"]
    C <--> D["L-TM\nLocal time mode"]
    D <--> E["ALM\nAlarm mode"]
    E <--> F["TME\nTime mode"]
    F <--> G["CAL\nCalendar mode"]
    G <--> H["Reference position mode"]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style B fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style C fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style D fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style E fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style F fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style G fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style H fill:#f9f,stroke:#333

6. Using the Chronograph

- The chronograph can measure up to 59'59"95 in 1/20 second units. It will then be reset to 0 second.

Pull out the crown to position I and turn it to align the mode hand with CHR

(chronograph). Push the crown back into its normal position.

• The second and function hands advance rapidly to the 0 position. The watch enters the chronograph mode.
  • The second hand changes to the chronograph. When starting from the 0 second position, the second hand will make one quick full rotation and move at 1-second intervals thereafter.
• The function hand changes to the chronograph minute hand, moving at 1 minute intervals, or the 1/20 second hand.
• If the lower right button (A) is pressed while the chronograph is stopped, the function hand shows chronograph 1/20 second as long as it is pressed.
• When selecting the chronograph mode, the hour and minute hands may show the mode they were previously in.

Second hand (chronograph second) Button (B) Mode switching position Button (A)

Function hand (chronograph minute/chronograph 1/20 second)

Pull out the crown to position 1 and turn it to align the mode hand with CHR (chronograph). Push the crown back into its normal position.

① A confirmation tone will sound each time you press the upper right button (B) to start and stop the measurement.
② If the lower right button (A) is pressed while the chronograph is stopped, the function hand shows chronograph 1/20 second as long as it is pressed. Release the button to return to chronograph minute indication.
③ Press the upper right button (B) to reset the chronograph second and chronograph minute hands to the 0 position.

Button (B) Button (B)

Chronograph second hand Chronograph 1/20 second indication

Function hand (chronograph minute/chronograph 1/20 second)

graph LR
    A["Reset Measurement Stop"] --> B["Button (B)"]
    B --> C["1/20 second indication"]
    C --> D["While the lower right button (A) is pressed after the measurement stops"]
    D --> E["If the upper right button (B) is held down after the measurement stops"]
    E --> A

7. Setting the Local Time/Daylight Saving Time

• Local time is a function that allows you to set the time in a zone different from that of the time mode (TME).
• The time difference can be corrected in 1-hour units.
• The time can be set to within +26 hours of time set in time mode (TME).
• It is possible to change the daylight saving time setting. The setting range is from -25 hours to +27 hours.

[NOTE] Time cannot be set beyond this range.

Button (B) Mode switching position Local time correcting position Daylight saving time ON/OFF Mode hand

Pull out the crown to position 1 and turn it to align the mode hand with L-TM (local time).

① Pull out the crown to position 2 (local time correcting position).
- The second hand will begin to rotate. It will stop at daylight saving time ON or OFF position.
② Turn the crown to align the hour and minute hands with the correct local time. Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to move the hour, minute and 24-hour hands ahead by 1 hour. Turn the crown to the left by 1 click to move the hour, minute and 24-hour hands back by 1 hour.
- Quickly turning the crown by 2 or more clicks will make the hour, minute and 24-hour hands move continuously.
- Turn the crown to the left or right to stop the continuous movement of the hands. - The date and day can also be changed to correspond to the local time.
[NOTE] Pay close attention to a.m. and p.m. as indicated by the 24-hour hand when setting the local time.
③ Return the crown to the normal position. Correction is now complete.

When local time is indicated

① Pull out the crown to position 2 (local time correcting position).

- The second hand will begin to rotate. It will stop at daylight saving time ON or OFF position.

② Press the upper right button (B) to change the daylight saving time setting.

- A confirmation tone will sound each time you press the upper right button (B), and you can turn the daylight saving time ON or OFF. When daylight saving is on, the time will move ahead by 1 hour.

③ Return the crown to the normal position. Setting is now complete.

[Turning daylight saving time ON or OFF]

ON OFF

The watch will indicate whether the daylight saving time setting is ON or OFF for about 10 seconds when the upper right button (B) is pressed with the crown in its normal position or position 1 in local time mode (L-TM).

- The second hand will indicate ON when the daylight saving time has been set. - The second hand will indicate OFF when the daylight saving time has not been set.

8. Using the Alarm

• The alarm can be set based on the 24-hour clock. Once the alarm has been set, it will sound for 15 seconds once a day at the set time.
• The alarm can be used in the time, local time and calendar modes. The alarm will not sound in the other modes.

Press button (A) or (B) to stop the alarm before it has sounded for its full 15 seconds.

Pull out the crown to position 1 and turn it to align the mode hand with ALM (alarm).
• The hour and minute hands will indicate the previously set alarm time.

Button (B) Mode switching position Alarm time setting position Button (A) Alarm ON/OFF Mode hand

① Pull out the crown to position 2 (alarm time setting position). Then, the second hand will stop at the ON or OFF position.

• Press the upper right button (B) to turn the alarm on.
• A confirmation tone will sound each time you press the upper right button (B), and the alarm setting is switched between ON and OFF.

The alarm can be also switched when the crown is in its normal position or position 1.

② Turn the crown to set the alarm. Pay close attention to a.m. and p.m. indicated by the 24-hour hand when setting the alarm.

Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to move the hour and minute hands ahead by 1 minute.

Turn the crown to the left by 1 click to move the hour and minute hands back by 1 minute.
- Quickly turn the crown by 2 or more clicks to make the hour and minute hands move continuously.
- Turn the crown to the left or right to stop the continuous movement of the hands.

③ Push crown to position 1 and return the mode hand to the previous mode.
④ Return the crown to the normal position. Setting is now complete.

9. Setting the Time and Date Manually

- The time can be set manually when the watch is unable to receive radio waves. Remove the watch from your wrist to set the time correctly.

A. Setting the time

(The same time is indicated for all three time mode (TME) positions. Select one.)

[Normal hand movement] Crown in its normal position [Mode adjustment] Crown in position 1 Mode switching position [Time correction] Crown in position 2 Button (B) Button (A) Time correcting position

Pull out the crown to position 1 and turn it to align the mode hand to align with TME (time).

① Pull out the crown to position 2 (time correcting position).

• The second hand rotates continuously and the watch shows the current time.

② Press button (A) or (B) once while the second hand is moving.

- When pressed once, the second hand moves forward (clockwise) to the 0 second position and stops.

③ Turn the crown to set the hour, minute and 24-hour hands to the current time. Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to move the hour, minute and 24-hour hands ahead by 1 minute.

Turn the crown to the left by 1 click to move the hour, minute and 24-hour hands back by 1 minute.

- Quickly turn the crown by 2 or more clicks to move the hour, minute or 24-hour hands continuously.

- Turn the crown to the left or right to stop the continuous movement of the hands.

- Pay close attention to a.m. and p.m. indicated by the 24-hour hand when setting the time.

④ Set the time by using a time signal, and then press the crown back into its normal position.

Correction is now complete.

B. Setting the date

- The watch incorporates a perpetual calendar function. Once the date has been set, it will automatically adjust the year (elapsed years after the most recent leap year), month, date and day of week until February 28, 2100.

Press the upper right button (B) to select the parameter to be corrected from month/clapsed years → date → day of week.

[Selecting parameters to be corrected]

graph LR
    A["Month/ elapsed years"] --> B["Date Day of week"]
    B --> C["Button (B) Button (B)"]
    C --> D["Button (B)"]

Pull out the crown to position 1 and align the mode hand with CAL (calendar).

① Pull out the crown to position 2 (date correcting position).

• The second hand will begin to rotate continuously. It will then move to the month/elapsed years after the most recent leap year. The month/elapsed years can now be corrected.

Second hand (month/elapsed years)

Day of week Function hand Mode switching position Date correcting position Button (A) Date Mode hand

② Turn the crown to the right to align the second hand with the month and elapsed years.

The second hand cannot be moved by turning the crown to the left.

- Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to align the second hand with the month and elapsed years.

[Reading the month]

January zone: Between 1:00 and 2:00 February zone: Between 2:00 and 3:00

December zone: Between 12:00 and 1:00

January zone February zone April zone

The second hand indicates April and the second year after the most recent leap year.

[Reading the elapsed years]

Leap year: Start position in each month zone

1st year after the most recent leap year:

1st position in each month zone

2nd year after the most recent leap year:

2nd position in each month zone

3rd year after the most recent leap year:

3rd position in each month zone

• January of a leap year: Align the second hand with the 5 seconds position.
• April of the 3rd year after the most recent leap year: Align the second hand with the 23 seconds position.
  ③ Press the upper right button (B).
  • After the function hand has rotated once clockwise and counterclockwise, the watch enters the date correcting mode.
  ④ Turn the crown to set the date.
  Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to rotate the function hand clockwise 5 times to move the date ahead by 1 day.
  Turn the crown to the left by 1 click to rotate the function hand counterclockwise
  5 times to move the date back by 1 day.
• Quickly turning the crown by 2 or more clicks to move the date continuously.
  196.197 Turn the crown to the left or right to stop the continuous movement of the date.

[Quick reference for the elapsed years after the most recent leap year]

Year	Elapsed Years	Year	Elapsed Years
2008	Lcap year 2012	Lap vcar
2009	1styear 2013	1styear
2010	2ndyear 2014	2ndyear
2011	3rdyear 2015	3rdyear

⑤ Press the upper right button (B).
- After the function hand has moved half a turn clockwise or counterclockwise, it will stop at the day position. The watch enters the day correcting mode.
⑥ Turn the crown to set the day of week.
Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to move the function hand from SUN → MON → ⋯ FRI → SAT.
Turn the crown to the left by 1 click to move the function hand backwards from SUN → SAT → … TUE → MON.
⑦ Return the crown to the normal position. Correction is now complete.

The watch will automatically set the date to the first day of the next month after the crown has been backed into its normal position from the date correcting mode. If the second hand is mistakenly aligned with a date that does not exist, it advances to the next month.

Example: Non-leap year February 29, 30, 31 → March 1

$$ \text { April 31 } \rightarrow \quad \text { May 1 } $$

Leap year February 30, 31 → March 1

The day will need to be set manually as it will not change automatically.

10. Checking and Correcting the Reference Position

The reference position may become misaligned by environmental factors such as magnetism or an external impact. If the reference position becomes misaligned, the watch functions, including the time, date and alarm, will not operate correctly. If this happens, confirm and correct the reference position.

A. Checking the reference position

① Pull out the crown to position 1 and turn it to align the mode hand with ▶0◀ (reference position).
- The second hand will rotate clockwise to the 30 seconds position.
• The hour, minute and 24-hour hands will rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise and stop at the reference position (12:00:00).
- The date will indicate halfway between 31 and 1, and the function hand will stop on MON.
② Return the crown to the normal position.
- The second hand will move to the reference position (12:00:00) and stop. If the reference position is correct, set the crown in position 1 and reset the watch to its previous mode.

• 24-hour hand: 24:00
• Hour and minute hands: 12:00
- Second hand: 0 second
- Function hand: MON
• Date: Halfway between 31 and 1

[Correct reference position for each hand]

Button (B) Mode switching position Button (A) Reference position correcting position

* If the reference position is incorrect, perform "Correcting the reference position" described on the next page.

B. Correcting the reference position

Pull out the crown to position 1, turn it to align the mode hand with (reference position), and then pull out the crown to position 2. The second hand will rotate clockwise and then stop. The watch enters the reference position correcting mode.

- Press the upper right button (B) to repeatedly change the parameter for correction from second hand → hour/minute hands → date (the function hand will rotate).

[Selecting parameters to be corrected]

Second hand Hour/minute hands Date (function hand)

Button (B) Button (B)

Button (B)

① Turn the crown and align the second hand with the reference position (12:00).

Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to move the second hand ahead by 1 second.

• Quickly turn the crown by 2 or more clicks to move the second hand continuously.
• Turn the crown to the left or right to stop the continuous movement of the hand.
• The second hand cannot be moved by turning the crown to the left.

② Press the upper right button (B).

• After the hour and minute hands have rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, the watch enters the hour and minute hands correcting mode.

③ Turn the crown to align the hour and minute hands with the 12:00 position, and also align the 24-hour hand with the 24:00 position as it moves with the hour hand. Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to move the hour and minute hands ahead. Turn to the left to move back.

• Quickly turn the crown by 2 or more clicks to move the hour and minute hands continuously.
• Turn the crown to the left or right to stop the continuous movement of the hands.

④ Press the upper right button (B).

• After the function hand has rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, the watch enters the date correcting mode.

The date will change by 1 day for every 5 rotation of the function hand.

⑤ Turn the crown to rotate the function hand, and set the date between 31 and 1. Next, align the function hand with MON Quickly turn the crown to the right by 2 or more clicks.

- The date will change by 1 day for every 5 rotation of the function hand. Allow the function hand to continue moving until the date has reached 31. When the date has reached 31, turn the crown to the left or right by 1 click to stop the function hand. Turn the crown to the right by 1 click to rotate the function hand. After confirming that the date is between 31 and 1, aligns the function hand with MON.

⑥ Return the crown to the normal position. Correction is now complete. * After setting the reference position, align the mode hand with the time mode (TME) and perform on demand reception to set the correct time before using the watch.

[Position of the date indication]

[Position of the function hand]

Using the Slide Rule Bezel

Flying distance and other navigation calculations as well as general calculations can be performed using the slide rule bezel located around the outside of the dial. This slide rule bezel is not able to display decimal places for calculation results, and should only be used as a general reference as an alternative to more accurate calculations. Turning the crown at the 8:00 position allows the slide rule bezel around the dial (Outside Scale) to be rotated.

Inside scale Own for turning outside scale Outside scale

A. Navigation Calculator

1. Calculation of time required

Example: How long does it take an airplane flying at 180 knots to fly a distance of 450 nautical miles?

Solution: Set the 18 mark on the outside scale to the SPEED INDEX (▲) At this time, the point on the inside scale that is aligned with 45 on the outside scale indicates (2:30), and the answer is 2 hours and 30 minutes.

14.00 14.05 14.10 14.15 14.20 14.25 14.30 14.35 14.40 14.45 14.50 14.55 14.60 14.65 14.70 14.75 14.80 14.85 14.90 14.95 15.00 15.05 15.10 15.15 15.20 15.25 15.30 15.35 15.40 15.45 15.50 15.55 15.60 15.65 15.70 15.75 15.80 15.85 15.90 15.95 16.00 16.05 16.10 16.15 16.20 16.25 16.30 16.35 16.40 16.45 16.50 16.55 16.60 16.65 16.70 16.75 16.80 16.85 16.90 16.95 17.00 17.05 17.10 17.15 17.20 17.25 17.30 17.35 17.40 17.45 17.50 17.55 17.60 17.65 17.70 17.75 17.80 17.85 17.90 17.95 18.00 18.05 18.10 18.15 18.20 18.25 18.30 18.35 18.40 18.45 18.50 18.55 18.60 18.65 18.70 18.75 18.80 18.85 18.90 18.95 19.00

2. Speed (ground speed) calculation

Example: What is the speed (ground speed) of an airplane when it takes 1 hour and 20 minutes to fly a distance of 240 nautical miles?

Solution: Align the 24 on the outside scale with 1:20 (80) on the inside scale. At this time, 18 is aligned with the SPEED INDEX (▲on the inside scale, and the answer is 180 knots.

Close-up of a protractor with dual dials showing degree markings and measurement scales

3. Flying distance calculation

Example: What is the flying distance traveled in 40 minutes at a speed of 210 knots?

Solution: Align the 21 on the outside scale with the SPEED INDEX (▲) of the inside scale. The 40 of the inside scale is now pointing to 14, and the answer is 140 nautical miles.

14 15 16 KΩ 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

4. Fuel consumption rate calculation

Example: If 120 gallons of fuel are consumed in 30 minutes' flying time, what is the fuel consumption rate?

Solution: Align the 12 of the outside scale with 30 of the inside scale. The SPEED INDEX (▲now points to 24, and the answer is 240 gallons per hour.

12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.00 31.00 32.00 33.00 34.00 35.00 36.00 37.00 38.00 39.00 40.00 41.00 42.00 43.00 44.00 45.00 46.00 47.00 48.00 49.00 50.00 51.00 52.00 53.00 54.00 55.00 56.00 57.00 58.00 59.00 60.00 61.00 62.00 63.00 64.00 65.00 66.00 67.00 68.00 69.00 70.00 71.00 72.00 73.00 74.00 75.00 76.00 77.00 78.00 79.00 80.00 81.00 82.00 83.00 84.00 85.00 86.00 87.00 88.00 89.00 90.00 91.00 92.00 93.00 94.00 95.00 96.00 97.00 98.00 99.00 100.00

5. Fuel consumption calculation

Example: How much fuel is consumed in 6 hours at a fuel consumption rate of 250 gallons per hour?

Solution: Align the 25 on the outside scale with the SPEED INDEX (▲) of the inside scale. The 6:00 is aligned with 15, and the answer is 1500 gallons.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

6. Maximum flying hours

Example: With a fuel consumption rate of 220 gallons per hour and a fuel supply of 550 gallons, what is the maximum number of flying hours?

Solution: Align the 22 on the outside scale with the SPEED INDEX (▲ of the inside scale. The 55 of the outside scale is now aligned with 2:30, and the answer is 2 hours and 30 minutes.

Analog multimeter dial with dual measurement ranges and pointer positions, showing scale markings in millimeters.

7. Conversion

Example: How do you convert 30 miles into nautical miles and kilometers?

Solution: Align the 30 on the outside scale with the STAT (▲) mark on the inside scale.

At this time, 26 nautical miles is aligned at the NAUT (▲mark on the inside scale, while the answer of 48.2 kilometers is aligned at the kilometers (▲on the inside scale.

30 LBS 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 100 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

B. General calculation functions

1. Multiplication

Example: 20×15

Solution: Align 20 on the outside scale with 10 on the inside scale, and read the outside scale at the 30 mark which is aligned with 15 of the inside scale. Figure the number of decimal places, and the answer is 300.

Remember: decimal places cannot be read on this scale.

1.30 1.40 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.50 18.00 18.50 19.00 19.50 20.00 20.50 21.00 21.50 22.00 22.50 23.00 23.50 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.50 26.00 26.50 27.00 27.50 28.00 28.50 29.00 29.50 30.00

2. Division

Example: 250÷20

Solution: Align 25 on the outside scale with 20 on the inside scale. On the outside scale read the 12.5 mark that is aligned with 10 on the inside scale. Figure the number of decimal places, and the answer is 12.5.

12.500 400 30 2.500 3.000 2.750 2.500 2.250 2.000 1.750 1.500 1.250 1.000 0.750 0.500 0.250 0.000

3. Reading ratios

Example: 30/20 = 60/x

Solution: Align 30 on the outside scale with 20 on the inside scale. At this time, the answer of 40 can be read from the inside scale corresponding to 60 on the outside scale.

In addition, the ratio of the value on the outside scale to the value on the inside scale is 30:20 at all positions on the scales.

31 LBS 40 45 LTER65 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 440 445 450 455 460 465 470 475 480 485 490 495 500 505 510 515 520 525 530 535 540 545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590 595 600 605 610 615 620 625 630 635 640 645 650 655 660 665 670 675 680 685 690 695 700

4. Determining square root

Example: What is the square root of 225?

Solution: Rotate the scales so that the value on the inside scale corresponding to 22.5 on the outside scale is equal to the value on the outside scale corresponding to 10 on the inside scale, and read off the answer of 15 at that location.

Close-up of a circular gauge or dial with measurement markings and two circled zones highlighting specific values.

11. Solar Power Function

This watch uses a secondary battery to store electrical energy.

Once the watch has been fully charged, it will maintain its accuracy for about 8 months when operating normally (when not in the power saving mode). In the power saving mode, it will maintain its accuracy for about 2 year.

Keep the watch regularly charged for best results. Charge watch by exposing the watch face (which contains the solar cell) to direct sunlight or to a fluorescent lighting.

- Wearing clothes with long sleeves makes it difficult for the watch to get the necessary light, resulting in insufficient charging. Be particularly aware of the need for regular charging during the winter.

- Placing the watch near a window where its face can receive sunlight or near another source of light when you are not wearing it will ensure that the watch is regularly charged, allowing it to maintain the correct time.

12. Characteristics of the Solar Powered Watch

When the watch is insufficiently charged, the indication will be changed as follows:

graph LR
    A["Normal indication"] --> B["Insufficient charge warning"]
    B --> C["insufficiently charged because the watch face, which contains the solar cell, has not received sufficient light."]
    C --> D["2-second interval movement"]
    D --> E["The second hand starts moving at 2-second intervals."]
    E --> F["The insufficient charge warning (a 2-second interval movement) continues for more than 3 days."]
    F --> G["The watch will stop due to an insufficient client charging."]
    G --> H["Sufficiently charge by exposing the watch face, which contains the solar cell to light.*1"]
    H --> I["Recovery automatic reception"]
    I --> J["When a radio wave has been successfully received*2"]
    J --> K["When the watch is recharged sufficiently, it will receive the radio wave automatically once."]

*1. When the watch stopped due to an insufficient charging

- It takes at least 30 minutes to recharge sufficiently to perform recovery automatic reception, even if the watch is being exposed to light. After recovery, refer to "Guide to Charging Time" and sufficiently charge the watch.

*2. If the watch failed to perform recovery automatic reception

- The time is incorrect even if the second hand moves at 1-second intervals, so after fully charging the watch, set the time manually or perform on demand reception.

The insufficient charge

warning (a 2-second interval movement) continues for more than 3 days.

The watch will stop due to an insuffi client charging.

When a radio wave has been successfully received*2

Line drawing of a wristwatch with dual dials and buttons (no text or symbols)

When the watch is recharged sufficiently, it will receive the radio wave automatically once.

A. Power saving function

If the solar cell has not received at least 30 minutes of continuous light, the second hand will stop at the 12:00 position and the watch will enter power saving mode.

• The other hands will continue to move as normal.

- If the watch is warning about insufficient charging warning function (2-seconds interval movement), the watch will enter power saving mode when it is not receiving light.

[Power saving mode]

The power saving function will be automatically cancelled when the solar cell is exposed to sufficient light.

- After the power saving function has been cancelled, the second hand will move clockwise to the current time and return to 1-second interval movement.

- If the watch is insufficiently charged, the second hand will begin the 2-second interval movement. When this happens, sufficiently charge the watch so that it returns to 1-second interval movement.

[NOTE] After the power saving function has been cancelled, press the lower right button (A) to check the reception status. If the reception status indicates NO as 218 219a result, use on demand reception to set the correct time before using the watch.

B. Insuffi cient charge warning function

The second hand's movement changes from 1-second intervals to 2-second intervals. The watch will stop due to an insufficient charging about 3 days after starting the 2-second interval movement.

[NOTE] If the second hand is moving at 2-second intervals:

① The time cannot be corrected manually, or by using automatic reception or on demand reception.

② The watch can be used only in the time mode. You will not be able to use the other modes.

C. Overcharging prevention function

Whenever the secondary battery becomes fully charged by exposing the solar cell to light, the overcharging prevention function is automatically activated to prevent the battery from being charged further.

No matter how much the watch is charged, it will not affect the secondary battery, timekeeping, functions or performance of the watch.

2-second interval movement

13. Guide to Charging Time for the Solar Powered Watch

The charging time varies according to the model (including the color of the watch face). The following data should only be used as a guideline.

Illuminance (lx)	Environment	Time required to fully charge from stopped status (approximate)	Time required to store energy for one day of operation when the second hand is moving at 1-second intervals (approximate)
3,000	20 cm (8 in.) beneath a 30 W fl orescent light	200 hours 40 minutes
10,000 Under cloudy skies 60 hours		12 minutes
100,000 Direct summer sunlight 30 hours 3 minutes

The table can be used to find an estimate of the amount of energy that the watch can store depending on the environment and amount of time the watch is charged. For example, you can see that the energy that can be stored when the watch is subjected to approximately 4 hours of light under cloudy skies is sufficient to operate the watch for about 20 days.

More energy can be stored by allowing even brighter light to strike the watch face for an even longer time. The watch can be efficiently charged in less time under sunlight than under fluorescent lighting.

- Although the watch becomes hot when placed under direct sunlight for an extended period, there is no problem as long as the temperature does not exceed 60°C (140°F).

in placed under direct is no problem as long °C (140°F).

[NOTE] A fully charged battery will run the watch for about 8 months without further charging. The watch will maintain its accuracy for about 2 years when running in the power saving mode. Charge the watch every day, as it will take a long time to recharge it, as is indicated in the table, when it stops due to an insufficient charging. It is recommended that the watch is charged in direct sunlight for a long time once a month.

14. Handling Your Solar Powered Watch

CAUTION Charging precautions

• Overheating while charging can cause the watch exterior to become discolored, the watch to deform or the movement to be damaged.
- Do not charge the watch in a high-temperature environment (about 60^ / 140^ or more).

Example) Charging close to incandescent lighting, halogen lamps, or other lighting sources that easily become hot.

Charging on surfaces that can easily become hot, such as a car dashboard.

- When charging with incandescent lighting, halogen lamps, or other lighting sources that easily become hot, place the watch at least 50~cm (20 in.) away from the source to avoid overheating.

WARNING Handling the secondary battery

- Do not remove the secondary battery from the watch yourself, unless unavoidable. If you must remove the battery, store it out of reach of children to avoid accidental ingestion. If the secondary battery is ingested, consult a doctor immediately.

WARNING Changing the secondary battery

- Although the secondary battery should never need to be changed, in rare instances, the watch may be unable to be charged due to a problem with the battery. If a problem occurs, have the watch repaired as soon as possible.

15. Troubleshooting

If you believe your watch may be inoperative, consult the following chart:

Problem Check Remedy
Radio waves cannot be received.	Is the watch in the time mode (TME) or local time mode (L-TM)?Does the second hand move to the RX (reception standby) position?	Pull out the crown to position 1 and turn to select the time mode (TME) or local time mode (L-TM).Press and hold the lower right button (A) until the second hand has reached the RX position.
Radio wave cannot be received (where reception is possible).	Are there objects nearby that could block radio waves or generate noise?Are you attempting to receive the radio wave in a location far from a window?	Avoid objects that block radio waves or generate noise. Try to receive radio waves by pointing the 6:00 position in the direction of the radio wave transmitter.Find a location conducive to radio wave reception by paying close attention to the reception level showed by the second hand as you change the watch location, direction and angle.(p. 172)

Problem Check Remedy
The second hand is indicating the RX position, but the watch does not receive radio waves.	Walt-witlet-stiplice binding the radio wave, and is the second hand indicating the reception level (H, M or L)?	completed (until the second hand has returned to the 1-second interval movement).
The watch can receive the radio wave, but it does not show the correct time.	Cutoff refraction frequency position, correctly?	(p. 198)

Problem Check Remedy
The second hand is moving at 2-second intervals.The watch has stopped.The watch does not work even after charging.	Chirgyoulecharge than incidently, as sufficiently in sunlight?	indicated in “Guide to Charging Time”. (p. 220)If the watch does not work even after charging, contact the Citizen Service Center.

16. Precautions

WARNING Water-resistance performance

There are several types of water-resistant watches, as shown in the following table.

(The unit "bar" is roughly equal to 1 atmosphere.)

- WATER RESIST(ANT) xx bar may also be indicated as W.R. xx bar.

Indication		Specifi cations
Dial Case (case back)
WATER RESIST or no indication	WATER RESIST(ANT)	Water-resistant to 3 atmospheres
WR 50 or WATER RESIST 50	WATER RESIST(ANT) 5 bar or WATER RESIST(ANT)	Water-resistant to 5 atmospheres
WR 100/200 or WATER RESIST 100/200	WATER RESIST(ANT) 10/20 bar or WATER RESIST(ANT)	Water-resistant to 10/20 atmospheres

For correct use within the design limits of the watch, confirm the level of water-resistance of your watch, as indicated on the dial and case, and consult the table.

Examples of use
Minor exposure to water (washing face, rain, etc.)	Moderate exposure to water (washing, kitchen work, swimming, etc.)	Marine sports (skin diving)	Scuba diving (with air tank)	Operation of the crown or button with moisture visible
OK NO NO NO NO
OK OK NO NO NO
OK OK OK NO NO

WARNING Water-resistance performance

• Water-resistance for daily use (to 3 atmospheres): This type of watch is water-resistant to minor exposure to water. For example, you may wear the watch while washing your face; however, do not use while swimming.
• Upgraded water-resistance for daily use (to 5 atmospheres): This type of watch is water-resistant to moderate exposure to water. You may wear the watch while swimming; however, do not use while skin diving or scuba diving.
• Upgraded water-resistance for daily use (to 10/20 atmospheres): You may wear the watch while skin diving; however, do not use while scuba or saturated diving using helium gas.

CAUTION

• Be sure to use the watch with the crown pressed in (normal position). If your watch has a screw-lock type crown, be sure that the crown is locked securely.
• Do not operate the crown or button when the watch is wet. Water may enter the watch and compromise water-resistance.

• The durability of a leather band may be affected when wet, owing to the properties of the material. In the case of a watch of upgraded water resistance for daily use that is frequently used in water, fading, peeling of adhesive or other problems may occur. It is therefore recommended to use another type of band (metal or rubber band).

• If the watch is used in seawater, rinse with fresh water afterward and wipe with a dry cloth.

• If moisture has entered the watch, or if the inside of the crystal is fogged up and does not become clear within a day, take the watch to your nearest Citizen Service Center for repair. Leaving the watch in such a state will allow corrosion to form inside.
• If seawater enters the watch, place the watch in a box or plastic bag and immediately take it in for repair. Otherwise, pressure inside the watch will increase, and parts (crystal, crown, buttons, etc.) may come off.

CAUTION Keep your watch clean

• Leaving dust and dirt deposited between the case and crown may result in difficulty in pulling the crown out. Turn the crown while in its normal position, from time to time, to loosen dust and dirt and then brush it off.
• Dust and dirt tend to be deposited in gaps in the back of the case or band. Deposited dust and dirt may cause corrosion and soil your clothing. Clean the watch occasionally.

Cleaning the watch

- Use a soft cloth to wipe off dirt, perspiration and water from the case and crystal.

- Use a soft, dry cloth to wipe off perspiration and dirt from the leather band.

- To clean a metal, plastic, or rubber band, wash away dirt with mild soap and water. Use a soft brush to remove dust and dirt jammed in the gaps in the metal band.

CAUTION: Avoid using solvents (thinner, benzine, etc.), as they may damage the finish.

CAUTION Operating environment

- Use the watch within the operating-temperature range specified in the instruction manual. Using the watch where temperatures are outside the specified range, may result in deterioration of functions or even stoppage of the watch.

- Do not use the watch in places where it is exposed to high temperature, such as in a sauna. Doing so may result in a skin burn.

- Do not leave the watch in a place where it is exposed to high temperature, such as the car dashboard. Doing so may result in deterioration of the watch, such as deformation of plastic parts.

- Do not place the watch close to a magnet. Timekeeping will become inaccurate if you place the watch close to magnetic health equipment such as a magnetic necklace or a magnetic latch of a refrigerator door or handbag clasp or the speaker of a cellular phone. If this has occurred, move the watch away from the magnet and reset the time.

- Do not place the watch close to household appliances that generate static electricity. Timekeeping may become inaccurate if the watch is exposed to strong static electricity, such as is emitted from a TV screen.

- Do not subject the watch to a strong shock such as dropping it onto a hard floor.

- Avoid using the watch in an environment where it may be exposed to chemicals or corrosive gases. If solvents, such as thinner and benzine, or substances containing such solvents come in contact with the watch, discoloration, melting, cracking, etc. may result. If the watch comes in contact with mercury used in thermometers, the case, band or other parts may become discolored.

- Your watch needs inspection once in every two or three years for safety and long use.

- Because the ability to resist water degrades as the years pass in the case of a water-resistant watch, part replacement is required in order to maintain water-resistance. Replace the packing and spring as necessary.

- Ask for Citizen genuine parts upon replacement. In addition to replacement, other parts may require inspection and repair. For details on replacement and repair charges, please contact the store where you purchased your watch or a Citizen Service Center.

17. Specifications

1. Cal. No.: E69*

2. Type: Analogue solar powered watch

3. Time accuracy: Without reception (when watch is not receiving a radio wave) +15 seconds per month on average when used in normal temperature (+5°C to +35°C/41°F to 95°F)

4. Acceptable temperature range: -10^ to +60^/14^ to 140^

5. Display functions: • Time: Hour, minute and second

- Calendar: Elapsed years after the most recent leap year, month, date, day of week

1. Additional functions: • Radio wave reception function (automatic reception, on demand reception, recovery automatic reception)

• Reception standby indication function (RX)

- Reception level indication function (H, M, L)

- Reception status confirmation function (H, M, L, NO)

- Chronograph function (Measures up to 60 minutes in 1/20 second units)

- Local time function (time difference correction in 1-hour units, daylight saving time ON or OFF function)

• Reference position checking function

• Alarm function (24-hour clock alarm)

• Solar power function

• Power saving function

• Insuffi cient charge warning function

• Overcharging prevention function

1. Operation time: • Time from a full charge until the watch stops without charging: About 2 years (when in the power saving mode)

About 8 months (when not in the power saving mode)

- Time from insufficient charge warning to watch stopping: About 3 days

(The amount of continuous operation differs depending on the conditions of operation.)

1. Battery: Secondary battery 1

* Specifications may change without notice.