MIC2877 - Uncategorized Microchip - Free user manual and instructions

Product Type	USB Type-C Power Bank Reference Design
Brand	Microchip
Model	MIC2877 (ARD00916)
Category	Uncategorized
Power Supply	Two 18650 Li-Ion battery cells (not included)
Output Voltage	5 V
Output Current	2 A to 4 A (battery voltage dependent)
Charging Current	1 A (default) or 2 A (fast charge, temperature dependent)
Ports	USB 2.0 (output), USB Type-C (dual role: input/output)
Key Components	MIC2877 boost regulator, PIC16F15344 MCU, MCP73843 charger, UCS2114 power switch, AT30TS74 temp sensor
Switching Frequency	2 MHz
Efficiency	Up to 95%
Battery Protection	Overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, thermal shutdown, temperature monitoring
Input Voltage Range	2.5 V to 5.5 V (boost regulator)
Standby Current	Less than 2 μA (shutdown), 750 μA (idle)
User Interface	Push button, 4 green LEDs (battery level), 1 red LED (charging)
Firmware	Programmable via PICkit 3 (J2 connector), includes source code
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +85°C (board), -40°C to +105°C (UCS2114)
Maintenance	None required; firmware customizable
Safety Certifications	UL recognized, EN/IEC 60950-1 (CB) for UCS2114

Frequently Asked Questions - MIC2877 Microchip

What type of batteries does the MIC2877 Power Bank reference design require?

The board requires two 18650 Li-Ion battery cells. They are not included in the kit.

How do I charge the power bank?

Connect a wall charger (source) to the USB Type-C connector. The charging current is automatically set to 1A or 2A based on the charger's capability and battery temperature. The red LED (LD5) indicates charging is in progress.

What is the output current capability?

The total output current from both ports (USB 2.0 and USB Type-C) ranges from 2A to 4A at 5V, depending on the battery voltage. See Figure 2-2 in the manual for details.

Can I reprogram the microcontroller?

Yes, the PIC16F15344 microcontroller can be reprogrammed via the J2 Tag-Connect connector using a PICkit 3 or similar programmer. The firmware source code (.hex and project files) is provided.

What is the Dual Role Port (DRP) feature?

The USB Type-C port can automatically act as either an input (sink) for charging or an output (source) for powering devices, depending on what is connected. The microcontroller detects the connection type via the CC pins.

How does battery temperature monitoring work?

The AT30TS74 digital temperature sensor monitors battery temperature. The firmware adjusts charging/discharging currents or shuts down the device if temperature exceeds safe thresholds (e.g., >45°C disables charging, >55°C enters sleep mode).

What is the maximum output current from the USB Type-C port?

The USB Type-C port can deliver up to 3A when configured as a source, but the total system output is limited by the battery voltage and the MIC2877 regulator (2A to 4A combined).

Does the board support fast charging?

Yes, if the battery temperature is below 40°C and the charger supports it, the fast charging circuit can double the charging current to 2A (default is 1A).

How do I wake the board from sleep mode?

The board enters sleep mode if no load is detected (output current <40 mA) or if battery temperature exceeds 55°C. It can be woken by pressing the push button or via a periodic wake-up timer (every 4 seconds).

What is included in the MIC2877 reference design kit?

The kit includes the assembled and tested board (ARD00916) and an Important Information Sheet. Batteries and programming tools are not included.

USER MANUAL MIC2877 Microchip

Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design User's Guide

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© 2021, Microchip Technology Incorporated, All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-5224-7297-1

For information regarding Microchip's Quality Management Systems, please visit www.microchip.com/quality.

Table of Contents

Preface 5

Introduction......5

Document Layout 5

Conventions Used in this Guide 6

Recommended Reading....7

REFERENCES....7

The Microchip Web Site 7

Customer Support 8

Document Revision History 8

Chapter 1. Product Overview

1.1 Introduction ...... 9

1.2 Core Components Short Overview 9

1.3 Functional Description ...... 13

1.4 What is the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design? 19

1.5 What does the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design Kit Include? 19

Chapter 2. Installation and Operation

2.1 Overview 21

2.2 Getting Started 23

2.3 Programming the PIC16F15344 Microcontroller 24

Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts

A.1 Introduction 27

A.2 Board – Schematic 28

A.3 Board – Top Silk 29

A.4 Board – Top Copper and Silk 29

A.5 Board – Top Copper 30

A.6 Board – Signal Layer 1 ...... 30

A.7 Board – Signal Layer 2 ...... 31

A.8 Board – Bottom Copper 31

A.9 Board – Bottom Copper and Silk 32

A.10 Board – Bottom Silk 32

Appendix B. Bill of Materials (BOM)

Appendix C. Firmware Flowchart

C.1 Firmware Flowchart 37

Worldwide Sales and Service 39

Preface

NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS

All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site (www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.

Documents are identified with a "DS" number. This number is located on the bottom of each page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is "DSXXXXXXXXA", where "XXXXXXXXX" is the document number and "A" is the revision level of the document.

For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB ^® IDE online help. Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available online help files.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design. Items discussed in this chapter include:

• Document Layout
• Conventions Used in this Guide
• Recommended Reading
  • The Microchip Web Site
• Customer Support
  • Document Revision History

DOCUMENT LAYOUT

This document describes how to use the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design as a development tool. The manual layout is as follows:

• Chapter 1. “Product Overview” – Provides important information about the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design.
• Chapter 2. “Installation and Operation” – Includes instructions on how to get started with this user’s guide and a description of each function.
• Appendix A. “Schematic and Layouts” – Shows the schematic and layout diagrams for the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design.
• Appendix B. "Bill of Materials (BOM)" – Lists the parts used to build the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design.
• Appendix C. "Firmware Flowchart" – Shows MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design flowchart.

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE

This manual uses the following documentation conventions:

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

Description Represents Examples
Arial font:
Italic characters Referenced books	oks MPLAB	^ IDE User's Guide
	Emphasized text ...is the only compiler...
Initial caps A window the Output	window
	A dialog the Settings dialog
	A menu selection select Enable	Programmer
Quotes A field name in a window or dialog		"Save project before build"
Underlined, italic text with right angle bracket	A menu path File>Save	——
Bold characters A dialog button	Click OK
	A tab	Click the Power tab
N'Rnnnn	A number in verilog format, where N is the total number of digits, R is the radix and n is a digit.	4'b0010, 2'hF1
Text in angle brackets <>	A key on the keyboard	Press,,
Courier New font:
Plain Courier New	Sample source code	#define START
	Filenames	autoexec.bat
	File paths	c:\mcc18\h
	Keywords	_asm, _endasm, static
	Command-line options	-Opa+, -Opa-
	Bit values	0, 1
	Constants	0xFF, 'A'
Italic Courier New	A variable argument	file.o, where file can be any valid filename
Square brackets []	Optional arguments	mccl8 [options] file [options]
Curly brackets and pipe character: { | }	Choice of mutually exclusive arguments; an OR selection	errorlevel {0|1}
Ellipses...	Replaces repeated text	var_name [, var_name...]
	Represents code supplied by user	void main (void) { ... }

RECOMMENDED READING

This user's guide describes how to use the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design. The following Microchip documents are available and recommended as a supplemental reference resource:

• MIC2877 Data Sheet – “2 MHz Synchronous Low Voltage Step-Up Regulator with 6.5A Switch and Bidirectional Load Disconnect” (DS20005873)
• PIC16(L)F15324/44 Data sheet - "Full-Featured 14/16/20-Pin Microcontrollers"
  • UCS2114 Data Sheet – “USB Dual-Port Power Switch and Current Monitor” (DS20005743)
• MCP73841/2/3/4 Data Sheet – “Advanced Single or Dual Cell Lithium-Ion/Lithium-Polymer Charge Management Controllers”
• AT30TS74 Data Sheet – “9- to 12-bit Selectable, ±1.0°C Accurate Digital Temperature Sensor” (DTS-AT30TS74-Datasheet_022017)
• AN1953 – Introduction to USB Type-C™ Application Note

In this document, fair-use reference may be made to other companies and their products. Their copyrights, patents and trademarks belong to them. No relationship between them and Microchip is expressed or implied.

Microchip's patents, along with other intellectual property rights on certain concepts are described here as well.

REFERENCES

This document is an introduction to USB Type-C ^™ and is not intended to be a replacement to the official specification.

Consult the following specifications for technical details not described in this document.

• USB Type-C™ Specification
• USB 2.0 Specification
• USB 3.0 Specification
• USB 3.1 Specification
  • USB Battery Charging BC1.2

Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following information:

- Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample programs, design resources, user's guides and hardware support documents, latest software releases and archived software

- General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program member listing

- Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:

• Distributor or Representative
- Local Sales Office
• Field Application Engineer (FAE)
- Technical Support

Customers should contact their distributor, representative or field application engineer (FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.

Technical support is available through the web site at:

http://www.microchip.com/support.

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (March 2021)

- Initial release of this document.

Chapter 1. Product Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design is a fully functional Total System Solution (TSS) USB Type-C Power Bank, compatible with a large variety of portable devices and wall chargers.

This design has two ports: a USB 2.0, which is an output port and a USB Type-C, which can be configured either as an input or as an output port. The board can deliver between 2A and 4A, at 5V output voltage, depending on the battery voltage.

The battery protection is performed by the PIC16F15344 microcontroller, which always monitors the battery status, in order to prevent discharging below its cut-off voltage. On the other hand, the battery's temperature is measured, in order to apply the optimal charging/discharging current or shutdown the device, if the temperature has reached the critical value. The batteries can be charged with 1A or 2A, depending on the battery's temperature or the charger's capability. The algorithm implemented in the PIC microcontroller also monitors the output voltage, charging state and output current for each port. Based on all these parameters, it applies the most appropriate operating mode, in order to save the battery life.

The key feature of this board is the Dual Role Port, which means the capability to use a single USB Type-C connector either as an input (sink) port or as an output (source) port, depending on the type of connection that is detected and the fast charging mode, which can considerably reduce the charging time.

The board can be powered from two 18650 Cylindrical Li-Ion battery cells.

This chapter provides an overview of the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design and covers the following topics:

• Core Components Short Overview
  • Functional Description
• What is the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design?
• What does the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design Kit Include?

1.2 CORE COMPONENTS SHORT OVERVIEW

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design consists of the main following devices:

• MIC2877 – 2 MHz Synchronous Low Voltage Step-Up Regulator with 6.5A Switch and Bidirectional Load Disconnect
• PIC16F15344 – Full-Featured 8-Bit 20-Pin Microcontroller
• MCP73843 – Advanced Single Cell Lithium-Ion/Lithium-Polymer Charge Management Controller
  • UCS2114 – USB Dual-Port Power Switch and Current Monitor
• AT30TS74 – 9 to 12-bit Selectable, ±1.0°C Accurate Digital Temperature Sensor

Figure 1-1 represents the block diagram of the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design.

1.2.1 MIC2877 Device Overview

The MIC2877 is a compact and highly efficient 2 MHz synchronous boost regulator with a 6.5A (typical) switch current limit. It features a bidirectional true load disconnect function that prevents any leakage current between the input and output, when the device is disabled (EN = GND), protecting the input supply and improving the start-up performance.

The MIC2877 has the input voltage range between 2.5V and 5.5V and provides 2A output continuous current for V_IN = 3V and V_OUT = 5V . Fixed output and adjustable output versions are available.

The converter operates in Automatic Input to Output Bypass Mode when the input voltage is higher or equal to the target output voltage. At light loads, the boost converter runs into Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) mode, to improve the efficiency. In shutdown mode, the regulator typically consumes less than 2 A.

The MIC2877 also features an integrated anti-ringing switch to minimize EMI, overvoltage and overcurrent protection, Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) and thermal shutdown. The MIC2877 is available in an 8-pin FTQFN 2 mm x 2 mm package.

1.2.1.1 MIC2877 DEVICE FEATURES:

• Typical 6.5A Input Peak Current Limit
- Up to 95% Efficiency
- Fully Integrated, High Efficiency, 2 MHz Switching Frequency
- Bidirectional True Load Disconnect, Overvoltage Protection (OVP) and Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
- Controlled Pre-Charge Current Limit at Start-Up
- Ultra-Fast Transient Response
- Input Voltage Range from 2.5V to 5.5V
• Maximum Output Current:

- 1.5 A in a 2.5V and VOUT = 5V

- 2 A, a_N 3V and V_OUT = 5V

• Output Voltage Range:
• Adjustable
• Fixed Versions: 4.75V, 5V, 5.25V, 5.5V
• Integrated Anti-Ringing Switch for EMI Reduction
  • Typically less than 2 μA Shutdown Current
• Internal Compensation
  • Automatic Input to Output Bypass Mode for V_IN ≥ V_OUT
  • Power Good (PG) Output
  • Overcurrent Protection and Thermal Shutdown
  • Available Package: 8-pin FTQFN 2 mm x 2 mm

1.2.2 MCP7384X Device Overview

The MCP7384X family of devices are highly advanced linear charge management controllers for use in space-limited, cost-sensitive applications. The MCP73841 and MCP73842 combine high accuracy, constant-voltage, constant-current regulation, cell preconditioning, cell temperature monitoring, advanced safety timers, automatic charge termination and charge status indication in space-saving, 10-pin MSOP packages. The MCP73841 and MCP73842 provide complete, fully-functional, stand-alone charge management solutions.

The MCP73843 and MCP73844 employ all the features of the MCP73841 and MCP73842, with the exception of the cell temperature monitor. The MCP73843 and MCP73844 are offered in 8-pin MSOP packages.

The MCP73841 and MCP73843 are designed for applications which utilize single-cell Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer battery packs. Two preset voltage regulation options are available (4.1V and 4.2V) for use with either coke or graphite anodes. The MCP73841 and MCP73843 operate with an input voltage range of 4.5V to 12V.

The MCP73842 and MCP73844 are designed for applications which utilize dual series connected cells Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer battery packs. Two preset voltage regulation options are available (8.2V and 8.4V). The MCP73842 and MCP73844 operate with an input voltage range of 8.7V to 12V.

The MCP7384X family of devices are fully specified over the ambient temperature range of -40^ to +85^ .

1.2.2.1 MCP7384X DEVICE FEATURES

• Linear Charge Management Controllers
- High-Accuracy Preset Voltage Regulation: - ±10.5% (maximum)
- Four Preset Voltage Regulation Options:

• 4.1V: MCP73841-4.1, MCP73843-4.1
• 4.2V: MCP73841-4.2, MCP73843-4.2
• 8.2V: MCP73842-8.2, MCP73844-8.2
• 8.4V: MCP73842-8.4, MCP73844-8.4

• Programmable Charge Current
• Programmable Safety Charge Timers
• Preconditioning of Deeply Depleted Cells
• Automatic End-of-Charge Control
- Optional Continuous Cell Temperature Monitoring (MCP73841 and MCP73842)
- Charge Status Output for Direct LED Drive
• Automatic Power-Down when Input Power Removed
• Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C
- Packaging:

- MSOP-10: MCP73841, MCP73842

- MSOP-8: MCP73843, MCP73844

1.2.3 UCS2114 Device Overview

The UCS2114 is a dual USB port power switch configuration which can provide 3.0A continuous current (3.4A maximum) per VBUS port with precision overcurrent limiting (OCL), port power switch enables, auto-recovery fault handling, undervoltage and overvoltage lockout, as well as back-drive, back-voltage and thermal protection.

The UCS2114 is well suited for both stand-alone and applications having SMBus/I²C communications. For applications with SMBus, the UCS2114 provides per-port current monitoring and eight programmable current limits per switch, ranging from 0.53A to 3.0A continuous current (3.4A maximum). Per-port charge rationing is also provided, ranging from 3.8 mAh to 246.3 mAh. In stand-alone mode, the UCS2114 provides eight current limits for both switches, ranging from 0.53A + 0.53A to 3A + 3A total continuous current.

Both power switches include an independent VBUS discharge function and constant current mode current limiting for BC1.2 applications.

The UCS2114 is available in a 3 mm x 3 mm 20-pin QFN package.

1.2.3.1 UCS2114 DEVICE FEATURES

- Dual-Port Power Switches:

• 2.9V to 5.5V source voltage range
• 3.0A continuous current per VBUS port, with 18 mΩ resistance per switch
• Independent port power switch enable pins
• Dual fault ALERT# active drain output pins
• Constant Current or Trip mode current limiting behaviors
• Undervoltage and overvoltage lockout
• Back-drive, back-voltage protection
• Auto-recovery fault handling with low test current
• BOOST# logic output to increase DC-DC converter output under large load conditions

- SMBus 2.0/I ^2 C ^TM Mode Features:

• Eight programmable current limits assignable to each power switch
• Other SMBus addresses available upon request
• Block read and block write

- Self-Contained Current Monitoring (No External Sense Resistor Required)

• Fully Programmable Per-Port Charge Rationing and Behaviors
• Configurable Per-Port BC1.2 VBUS Discharge Function
• -40°C to +105°C Operating Temperature Range
  • Available in a 20-pin QFN 3 mm x 3 mm
  • UL recognized and EN/IEC 60950-1 (CB) Certified

1.2.4 AT30TS74 Device Overview

Microchip's AT30TS74 temperature sensor is capable of measuring and converting temperatures from -55^ to +125^ to a digital word and provides a typical accuracy of ±1.0^ over the operating temperature range of -20^ to +100^ . The device is factory calibrated and requires no external components to help provide a cost effective solution. To reduce current consumption and save power, the AT30TS74 features a shutdown mode which turns off all internal circuitry, except for the internal power-on reset and serial interface circuits. In addition, the device features a power saving one-shot mode that allows the device to make a temperature measurement and update the temperature register and then return to shutdown mode. The AT30TS74 is based on the industry standard "LM75-type" compatible temperature sensor and is a precision temperature monitoring device designed for use in a variety of applications. The device combines a highly accurate digital temperature sensor with programmable high and low temperature alarms, user-selectable resolution up to 12 bits, and an I ^2 C/SMBus ^™ compatible serial interface available in compact packages.

1.2.4.1 AT30TS74 DEVICE FEATURES:

• 2-wire I ^2 C/SMBus Compatible Interface
• Single 1.7V to 5.5V Supply
- I ^2 C High-Speed (HS) Mode Compatible – 3.4 MHz Maximum Clock Frequency
- User Selectable 9 to 12-Bit Resolution
• ±1°C Accuracy from -20°C to +100°C
- Low Operating Current: 130 μA (typical)
- Shutdown Mode: 0.6 A (typical)
- Power Saving One-Shot Temperature Conversion Measurement
• Space Saving SOIC, DFN, MSOP and Wafer level CSP Packages available

1.2.5 PIC16F15344 Device Overview

PIC16(L)F153XX 8-bit product family features essential peripherals, such as Intelligent Analog, Core Independent Peripherals (CIPs) and communication combined with eXtreme Low-Power (XLP) for a wide range of low-power applications. The family features PWMs, multiple communication, temperature sensor and memory features, like Memory Access Partition (MAP) and Device Information Area (DIA). The products are offered in a broad range of pin counts from 8 to 48-pins, to support customers in various applications.

1.2.5.1 PIC16F15344 DEVICE FEATURES:

• Enhanced Mid-range Core with 49-Instruction, 16-Stack Levels
• Flash Program Memory with self read/write capability
  • eXtreme Low Power (XLP)
  • IDLE and DOZE low power modes
  • Peripheral Module Disable (PMD)
  • Peripheral Pin Select (PPS)
• 4x 10-bit PWMs
  • 2x Capture, Compare, PWM (CCP)
  • Complementary Waveform Generator (CWG)
  • Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO)
• 4x Configurable Logic Controller (CLC)
  • 17 Channel 10-bit ADC with Voltage Reference
• 5-bit Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
• 2x Comparators
• 1x 8-bit Timer (TMR2)
  • 2x 16-bit Timers (TMR0/TMR1)
  • Window Watchdog Timer (WWDT)
  • Enhanced Power-On/Off-Reset
• Low-Power Brown-Out Reset (LPBOR)
• Programmable Brown-Out Reset (BOR)
  • In Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)
• Operating Voltage Range from 2.3V to 5.5V

1.3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design is a fully functional USB Type-C Power Bank solution, compatible with a large variety of portable devices and wall chargers.

This design has two ports: a USB2.0 port, which is an output port and a USB Type-C port, which is a reversible port that is set automatically by the PIC microcontroller, as an input or as an output port, according to the connection type detected (wall charger or portable device).

The MIC2877 boost converter used in this design can deliver from 2A to 4A at 5V output (which is the sum of the currents flowing though both USB2.0 and USB Type-C ports), depending on the battery voltage. The output current delivery is performed by the "USB Dual-Port Power Switch and Current Monitor" (UCS2114), which can switch on/off and monitor the output current for each USB port, that is controlled by the PIC16F15344 microcontroller through I²C communication.

The battery protection is performed by the PIC16F15344 microcontroller, which always measures several parameters, such as: the battery voltage, in order to prevent discharging below its cut-off voltage, as well as the battery temperature (through the AT30TS74 "9 to 12-bit Selectable, ±1.0°C Accurate Digital Temperature Sensor"), in order to apply the optimal charging/discharging current or shutdown the device if the temperature reaches the critical value. The battery charging mechanism is implemented by the MCP73843 "Advanced Single Cell Lithium-Ion/ Lithium-Polymer Charge Management Controller", together with a fast charging circuitry, which can double the charging current if the battery temperature is less than 40°C.

The algorithm implemented in the PIC16F15344 microcontroller monitors the battery voltage, battery temperature, output voltage, charge state and output current; based on all these parameters, it applies the most appropriate operating mode, in order to extend the battery life.

Figure 1-1 shows a simplified block diagram of the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design.

graph TD
    A["Fast Charging Circuitry"] --> B["Battery Charger MCP73843"]
    B --> C["Boost Regulator MIC2877"]
    C --> D["MCU PIC16F15344"]
    D --> E["USB 2.0 (Out)"]
    D --> F["VBAT"]
    B --> G["VBUS2 VBUS1"]
    B --> H["VBAT"]
    B --> I["EN"]
    B --> J["I²C"]
    B --> K["Direction control"]
    B --> L["Fast charging ON/OFF"]
    B --> M["Dig. Temp. Sensor ATA30TS74"]
    M --> N["+ -<br>L-I ON"]
    N --> B
    C --> O["PG"]
    C --> P["EN"]
    C --> Q["I²C"]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style D fill:#ccf,stroke:#333

FIGURE 1-1: MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design Block Diagram.

1.3.1 Configuration Channel (CC) Pins

The Configuration Channels (CCs) CC1 and CC2 pins are critical for basic USB Type-C operation. Resistors are attached to the CC pins in various configurations, depending on whether the application is a source, a sink, or an electronically marked/active cable.

All USB host and hub ports advertise via the CC pins the level of current that is presently available. The USB device port is required to manage its load, in order to stay within the current level offered by the host or hub, including dynamically scaling back the load if the host or hub port changes its advertisement to a lower level, as indicated over the CC pins.

CC pins are used for port-to-port connections and shall be supported on all USB Type-C connections on the hub.

The CC1 and CC2 pins must be constantly monitored by the port, to perform the following functions:

• Cable attach and removal detection
• Basic USB Type-C current capability advertisement

TABLE 1-1: VALID SOURCE R PULL-UP RESISTOR VALUES

Source Current Capability	Resistor Pull-up to 4.75V-5.5V	Resistor Pull-up to 3.3V ± 5%	Current Source to 1.7V-5.5V
Default USB Power (500 mA for USB2.0, 900 mA for USB3.0)	56 kΩ ± 20%	36 kΩ ± 20%	80 μA ± 20%
1.5A @ 5V 22 k	Ω ± 5%	12 kΩ ± 5%	180 μA ± 8%
3.0A @ 5V 10 k	Ω ± 5%	4.7 kΩ ± 5%	330 μA ± 8%

Table 1-1 shows the valid R_P pull-up resistor values, according to the current source capabilities, when a valid connection is established. A resistive divider consisting of R_P (from a source) and R_D (from a sink) is created, the current source capabilities depending on the voltage across the sink's R_D .

TABLE 1-2: USB TYPE-C™ - PORT TYPE COMPATIBILITY

Port Type	DRP (Dual Role Port)	Source Only	Sink Only
DRP (Dual Role Port)	Supported*	Supported	Supported
Source Only Supported	Not	Supported	Supported
Sink Only	Supported	Supported	Not Supported

*DRP toggles between source and sink advertisement by alternating between enabling R_P current sources and R_D pull-downs.

TABLE 1-3: CC STATES

DRP Mode	CC1 CC2		State
Source mode	V_BUS	V_BUS	Nothing attached or source attached
Source mode	R_D	V_BUS	Sink attached
Source mode	V_BUS	R_D	Sink attached
Sink mode	GND GND	Nothing	attached or sink attached
Sink mode	R_P	GND	Source attached
Sink mode	GND	R_P	Source attached

1.3.1.1 SOURCE MODE OPERATION

When operating as a source, the device connects the R_P pull-up resistors on both CC lines and waits for a sink connection; the R_P pull-up resistors values depend on the output current capability. The CC pins are read by the ADC of the PIC microcontroller, in order to determine if a valid portable device (sink) is connected. Refer to Table 1-1 for more information about R_P pull-up resistors.

FIGURE 1-2: Source to Sink.

FIGURE 1-3: Dual Role Port (DRP) as a Source Connected to Sink.

1.3.1.2 SINK MODE OPERATION

When operating as a sink, the device connects the R_D pull-down resistors on both CC lines and waits for a source connection from the assertion of V_BUS . The CC pins are read by the ADC of the PIC microcontroller, in order to determine the advertised current charger capabilities supported by the source.

FIGURE 1-4: Dual Role Port (DRP) as a Sink Connected to Source.

1.3.2 Charging and Fast Charging Circuitry

For implementing the battery charge control on this board, the MCP73843 has been used. The MCP73843 is a highly advanced linear charge management controller, which combines high accuracy, constant-voltage, constant-current regulation, cell preconditioning, advanced safety timer, automatic charge termination and charge status indication.

Charge current is sensed via the voltage drop across an external precision sense resistor ( R_SHUNT ). The resistive divider consisting of R_1 and R_2 , together with the switch S_1 , provide the option to set a second charging current (Fast Charging Current) that is higher than the default one (Charging Current). The transition from the default charging current to the fast charging current is done by the switch S_1 . The charging current and fast charging current can be calculated by using Equation 1-1 and Equation 1-2.

FIGURE 1-5: Fast Charging Circuitry.

EQUATION 1-1:

$$ I _ {C h i n g a r g} = \frac {V _ {F C S}}{R _ {S H U N T}} $$

Where: V_FCS = V_DD - V_SENSE = 100 mV

R_SHUNT = 100 m

EQUATION 1-2:

$$ I _ {F a s t C h i n g a r g} = I _ {C h i n g a r g} \times \frac {R _ {1} + R _ {2}}{R _ {1}} $$

Note 1: R 1 + R 2 should not exceed 500Ω.

2: I Charging and I_FastCharging should not exceed the maximum current that can be provided by the wall charger or 1C x 2 cell (1C is battery's capacity in mAh — refer to the battery manufacturer recommendation).

1.4 WHAT IS THE MIC2877 USB TYPE-C POWER BANK WITH DUAL ROLE PORT REFERENCE DESIGN?

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design is used to evaluate and demonstrate Microchip Technology's MIC2877, PIC16F15344, MCP73843, UCS2114 and AT30TS74 products.

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design was developed to help engineers reduce the product design cycle time.

1.5 WHAT DOES THE MIC2877 USB TYPE-C POWER BANK WITH DUAL ROLE PORT REFERENCE DESIGN KIT INCLUDE?

This MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design kit includes:

- MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design (ARD00916)

- Important Information Sheet

NOTES:

Chapter 2. Installation and Operation

2.1 OVERVIEW

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design was developed as a TSS (Total System Solution) for applications where a positive regulated 5V output voltage is needed from one or more parallel-connected Li-Ion cells. Refer to Figure 2-2 for the maximum output current that can be delivered for different input voltages.

Legend:

1. Charging State LED indicator;
2. Push Button for battery voltage interrogation or wake-up from sleep mode;
3. Four LEDs for Battery voltage indication and operating mode (Charging or Discharging);

4. Programming connectors;

5. Dual 18650 battery holder;

6. Thermal conductive pads for battery temperature monitoring;
7. USB2.0 connector (to portable device);
8. USB Type-C Connector Dual-Role-Port (to wall charger or portable device).

FIGURE 2-1: MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design — Top and Bottom View.

FIGURE 2-2: MIC2877 5V V OUT Maximum IOUT vs. VIN vs. Temperature.

2.1.1 Board Features

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design has the following features:

• Battery temperature monitoring during both Charging and Discharging mode
• Battery voltage monitoring
  • VBUS (Type-C Connector) voltage monitoring
• Output Current monitoring on each output port

• Adaptive Charging mode according to battery temperature (firmware customizable):

• Default Charging Current: 1A, if battery temperature < 45°C

• Fast Charging Current: 2A, if battery temperature < 40°C

• Charging off (automatic disable), if battery temperature > 45°C

• Auto shutdown/enter sleep mode, if I_OUT < 40 mA or battery temperature > 55^ C

• Automatic/manual wake-up from sleep mode by using either WD Timer or Push button
• Battery status and operating mode LED indicators

• Battery voltage interrogation by pressing the Push button
  • Output characteristics:

• 2 x Output ports: USB2.0 and USB Type-C (reversible)

• Output Current: 2A up to 4A (battery voltage dependent)
• Output voltage: 5V

- Start-up voltage (UVLO Start): 3.2V (programmable by MCU)

- Shutdown voltage (UVLO Stop): 3.0V (programmable by MCU)

- Input Idle current: 750 μA

2.2 GETTING STARTED

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design is fully assembled, programmed and tested to evaluate and demonstrate the Microchip products used in this Reference Design. This board requires two 18650 Li-Ion battery cells (not provided with the board).

2.2.1 Power Input and Output Connections

2.2.1.1 POWERING THE MIC2877 USB TYPE-C POWER BANK WITH DUAL ROLE PORT REFERENCE DESIGN

The MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design is powered from two 18650 Li-Ion batteries (the holder is available on the board). The switch peak current limit will provide a safe value for the input current. The maximum output current for the MIC2877 switching regulator will vary with the input and output voltages (see Figure 2-2).

For the onboard connectors, please refer to Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-3.

Soldered test points are available to connect a PIC programmer (please refer to Figure 2-4).

2.2.1.2 BOARD POWER-UP PROCEDURE

1. Insert two 18650 Li-ion batteries into the holder (observing the polarity), as shown in Figure 2-3.
2. Press the Push button once. The 4 LEDs will indicate the level of the battery (state of charge); each LED indicates 25%.
3. Connect the wall charger (source) to the Type-C connector. The LD5 (red) indicates that the charging is in progress. Moreover, the LD1-LD4 LEDs will show the animated charging process, as well as the battery level.

Note 1: The value of the charging current changes automatically (1A or 2A), depending on the charger's type (being detected via CC pins on the USB Type-C connector) and the battery temperature.

2: Chargers with output current capabilities less than 1A are not recommended to be used with this Reference Design.

1. Connect a portable device (sink) to the USB Type-C or the USB2.0 connectors. The LD1-LD4 LEDs will show the animated discharging process.

Note 1: USB2.0: This port will stay powered as long as the output current is higher than 40 mA.

2: If no device has been detected, the board will enter Sleep mode and periodically wakes up every 4 seconds (approximately).

FIGURE 2-3: MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design Setup.

2.3 PROGRAMMING THE PIC16F15344 MICROCONTROLLER

The firmware package provides the source and .hex files for this Reference Design.

The board is factory programmed with the Power Bank firmware. UVLO, temperature thresholds and the wake-up period can be modified. The source code includes comprehensive comments which help the user to define the board.

This firmware was developed using MPLAB ^® X Integrated Development Environment, in combination with the PIC10/12/16 MCU Family.

Connector J2 provides in-system circuit programming.

If custom functionality is needed, follow the next steps to reprogram the MCU:

1. Connect the PICkit™ 3 or other programming tool to the USB port.

2. Connect the programming tool to the board at J2 Tag-Connect or test points (see Figure 2-4).

FIGURE 2-4: Programming Connectors Pinout.

1. Open the Type_C_PWR_BNK.prj file using MPLAB® X Integrated Development Environment.
2. Select the programming tool: File > Project Properties > Hardware Tools and choose your programming tool from the submenu list.
3. Return to the Programmer menu and click the Power tab from the Option Categories window. Set the voltage to 5V and select the "Power target circuit from PICkit 3" check box. Click on the Apply button.
4. Click the OK button on the warning message.
5. Click the Make and Program Device toolbar button. Check the Output window to see if the programming was performed without errors.

The board is now ready to operate.

NOTES:

Appendix A. Schematic and Layouts

A.1 INTRODUCTION

This appendix contains the following schematics and layouts for the MIC2877 USB Type-C Power Bank with Dual Role Port Reference Design:

• Board – Schematic
• Board – Top Silk
• Board – Top Copper and Silk
• Board – Top Copper
• Board – Signal Layer 1
• Board – Signal Layer 2
• Board – Bottom Copper
• Board – Bottom Copper and Silk
• Board – Bottom Silk

A.2 BOARD - SCHEMATIC

A.3 BOARD - TOP SILK

A.4 BOARD - TOP COPPER AND SILK

A.5 BOARD - TOP COPPER

Pure electrical circuit lines without any symbols

A.6 BOARD – SIGNAL LAYER 1

Pure electrical circuit lines without any symbols

A.7 BOARD – SIGNAL LAYER 2

Abstract geometric pattern with scattered circles, squares, and dots on a teal background (no text or symbols)

A.8 BOARD - BOTTOM COPPER

Top-down view of a printed circuit board with traces, pads, and components (no readable text or symbols)

A.9 BOARD - BOTTOM COPPER AND SILK

Pure electrical circuit lines without any symbols

A.10 BOARD - BOTTOM SILK

Appendix B. Bill of Materials (BOM)

TABLE B-1: BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)

Qty.	Reference	Description Manufacturer Part Number
1 BT	Battery Holder	1 TH, 2x 18650 Keystone Electronics 1049
1 C1	Capacitor, Ceramic, 10 μF, 16V, 10%, X5R, SMD, 0805		Wurth Electronik 885012	107014
9 C2	C3, C7, C8, C11, C12, C13, C15, C17	Capacitor, Ceramic, 22 μF, 16V, 10%, X5R, SMD, 0805	TDK Corporation C2012	X5R1C226K
5 C4	C5, C6, C9, C10	Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1 μF, 16V, 10%, X7R, SMD, 0603	Wurth Electronik 885012	206046
1 C14	Capacitor, Ceramic, 1 μF, 10V, 10%, X5R, SMD, 0805		Murata GRM219R61A10	5KC01D
2 D1	D3 Diode, Zener, MMSZ4682, 2.7V, 500 mW, SMD, SOD-123		ON Semiconductor®	MMSZ4682T1G
1 D2	Diode, Schottky, 30V, 100 mA, DB2S31600L, SOD523		Panasonic® - ECG	DB2S31600L
1 J1	Connector, USB2.0, STD-A, Female, SMD, R/A		ASSMANN Electronics Inc.	AU-Y1006-2
1	J2	Connector, TAG, 6P, No-Leg, SMD, Vertical	Tag-Connect	TC2030-MCP-NL
1 J5	Connector, USB3.1, TYPE-C, Female, TH, R/A		Wurth Electronik 632723	300011
1 L1	Inductor, 1 μH, 11.5A, 20%, SMD, L5.9W5.6H4.3		Wurth Electronik 744316	100
4	LD1, LD2, LD3, LD4	Diode, LED, Green, 2V, 30 mA, 35 mcd, Clear, SMD, 0603	Lite-On®, Inc.	LTST-C190KGKT
1 LD5	Diode, LED	Red, 1.9V, 20 mA, 40 mcd, Clear, SMD, 0603	Para Light Corp.	L-C191KRCT-U1
1 PCB1	Printed Circuit Board		Microchip Technology Inc.	04-10812-R1
1 Q1	Transistor, FET, Dual, P+P, CMKDM8005, 20V, 650 mA, .360R, 0.350W, SOT-363		CentralTM Semiconductor Corp.	CMKDM8005 TR
3	Q2, Q25, Q26	Transistor, FET, N-CH, FDV301N, 25V, 220 mA, 350 mW, SOT-23-3	Fairchild Semiconductor®	FDV301N
1 Q3	Transistor, FET, P-CH, NDS8434, 20V, 6.5A, 2.5W, SOIC-8		ON Semiconductor®	NDS8434
1 Q4	Transistor, FET, Dual, P+P, SI9933CDY-T1-GE3, -20V, -4A, 0.094R, 3.1W, SO-8		Vishay Siliconix	SI9933CDY-T1-GE3
3 Q13	Q23, Q24	Transistor, FET, Dual, N+P, 30V, -30V, 3.8A, -2.5A, 0.055R, 0.11R, 0.85W, TSOT-26	Diodes Incorporated®	DMG6601LVT-7
Qty.	Reference	Description	Manufacturer	Part Number
1 R1	Resistor, Thick Film, 510k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603		Panasonic ERJ-3EKF51	03V
1 R2	Resistor, Thick Film, 33k, 1%, 1/16W, SMD, 0402		Yageo AC0402FR-0733	KL
9 R3	R20, R23, R30, R31, R45, R54, R55, R56	Resistor, Thick Film, 1M, 1%, 1/10W, SMD 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF10	04V
2 R4	R5 Resistor,	Thick Film, 100R, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF10	00V
5 R6	R10, R11, R12, R13	Resistor, Thick Film, 9.1k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Yageo Corporation RC0	603FR-079K1L
1 R7	Resistor, Thin Film, 910k, 0.1%, 1/16W, SMD, 0603		TE Connectivity Passive Product	CPF0603B910KE1
1 R8	Resistor, Thick Film, 200k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603		Vishay CRCW0603200K	FKEA
2 R9	R49 Resistor,	Thick Film, 620k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Vishay Dale CRCW0603	620KFKEA
2 R14	R24 Resistor,	Thick Film, 75k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0402	Panasonic® - ECG ERJ-	2RKF7502X
1 R15	Resistor, Thick Film, 1k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603		Panasonic ERJ-3EKF10	01V
2 R16	R17 Resistor,	Thick Film, 47k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF47	02V
2 R18	R21 Resistor,	Thick Film, 18.2k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF18	22V
4 R22	R27, R33, R34	Resistor, Thick Film, 49.9k, 1%, 1/16W, SMD, 0402	Yageo RC0402FR-0749	K9L
3 R25	R29, R37	Resistor, Thin Film, 10k, 1%, 1/16W, SMD, 0603	TE Connectivity	5-1879337-9
1 R26	Resistor, Thick Film, 0.1R, 1%, 1W, SMD, 1210		Vishay Dale RCWE1210	R100FKEA
2 R28	R32 Resistor,	Thick Film, 43.2k, 1%, 1/16W, SMD, 0402	Yageo Corporation RC0	402FR-0743K2L
2 R38	R39 Resistor,	Thick Film, 22k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF22	02V
2 R40	R41 Resistor,	Thick Film, 5.1k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF51	01V
1 R44	Resistor, Thin Film, 100k, 1%, 1/8W, SMD, 0603		Vishay MCT06030C1003	FP500
1 R50	Resistor, Thick Film, 360k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603		Yageo Corporation RC0	603FR-07360KL
2 R52	R53 Resistor,	Thick Film, 2.7k, 1%, 1/10W, SMD, 0603	Panasonic ERJ-3EKF27	01V
1	SW1	Switch, Side Push, TACT, SPST-NO, 12V, 0.05A, 434331013822, SMD	Wurth Electronik	434331013822

Note: The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative for the PCB assembly. The released BOM used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.

TABLE B-1: BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM) (CONTINUED)

Qty.	Reference Description Manufacturer Part Number
1 U1	Microchip MCU, 8-BIT, 32 MHz, 7 KB,PIC16F15344T-I/GZ, UQFN-20	Microchip Technology Inc.	PIC16F15344T-I/GZ
1 U3	Microchip Analog Switcher Boost, 3V to 5.5V, MIC2877-AYFT-TR, FTQFN-8	Microchip Technology Inc.	MIC2877-AYFT-TR
1 U4	Microchip Analog Battery Charger,MCP73843-4.2, MSOP-8	Microchip Technology Inc.	MCP73843-420I/MS
1 U5	Microchip Analog Temperature Sensor, ± 1^ , AT30TS74-MA8M-T, MSOP-8	Microchip Technology Inc.	AT30TS74-MA8M-T
1 U7	Microchip Interface USB Power Controller,UCS2114, QFN-20	Microchip Technology Inc.	UCS2114-1-V/LX

Note: The components listed in this Bill of Materials are representative for the PCB assembly. The released BOM used in manufacturing uses all RoHS-compliant components.

NOTES:

Appendix C. Firmware Flowchart

C.1 FIRMWARE FLOWCHART

graph TD
    A["Start"] --> B["System Initialize"]
    B --> C{BTN or WD}
    C -->|WT| D["Show BAT Status LD1-LD4;"]
    D --> E["DRP=0; UVLO=0;"]
    E --> F{VBAT UVLO Start/Stop ok?}
    F -->|No| G["Set DRP as a Sink DRP=0;"]
    F -->|Yes| H["Enable Boost Converter; Enable VBUS1(USB2.0)"]
    H --> I{DRP=?}
    I -->|0| J["Set DRP as a Sink DRP=0;"]
    I -->|1| K["Set DRP as a Source DRP=1;"]
    J --> L{CC=0.8-1.9V ?}
    K --> M{CC=0.8-1.9V ?}
    L -->|Yes| N["Enable Charging; Show BAT Status LD1-LD4;"]
    L -->|No| O["Enable fastCharging"]
    M --> P["Enable VBUS2 (Type C); Show BAT Status LD1-LD4;"]
    N --> Q{CC >1.6V & Temp<40°C ?}
    O --> R{N++;}
    P --> S{VBAT>3.5V & Temp<40°C ?}
    Q --> T{N >3 ?}
    R --> U["Enable 3A"]
    S --> V["Disable 3A"]
    T --> W["N=0;"]
    U --> X["Disable fastCharging"]
    V --> Y["Disable 3A"]
    W --> Z["Disable fastCharging"]
    X --> AA["Disable 3A"]
    Y --> AB["Disable fastCharging"]
    Z --> AC["Disable Fast Charging"]
    AA --> AD["Disable Fast Charging"]
    AB --> AE["Disable Fast Charging"]
    AC --> AF["Disable Fast Charging"]
    AD --> AG["Disable Fast Charging"]
    AE --> AH["Disable Fast Charging"]
    AF --> AI["Disable Fast Charging"]

NOTES:

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