E4000 - Television THOMSON - Free user manual and instructions

Product Type	Electric Golf Buggy
Model	E4000 / E4000S
Material	Aluminum alloy
Motor Power	250W (E4000) / 500W (E4000S)
Max Speed	8 km/h
Max Load Capacity	30 kg
Distance per Charge	20 km
Battery Type	Lead-acid, 12V 33Ah
Charger Input/Output	240V AC input, 12V DC output
Power Plug Standard	Australian Standard
Timer Distance Settings	10m, 20m, 30m automatic forward
Control Functions	ON/OFF, GO/STOP, Timer, Cruising/Braking
Battery Charging Time	5-12 hours (initial charge 12 hours)
Wheel Attachment	Quick-release with locking button
Safety Features	Overheat protection, fuse (30A), emergency stop
Maintenance	Clean with damp cloth; lubricate moving parts; inspect annually
Spare Parts Availability	Yes (via QR codes)
Charger Indicator	Green/red LED for charging status
Storage	Cool, dry place; disconnect battery; avoid concrete floors

Frequently Asked Questions - E4000 THOMSON

How do I turn on the Thomson E4000 golf buggy?

Hold down the ON/OFF button for about 2 seconds. The battery charge LED should light up.

What is the maximum load capacity of the E4000?

The maximum load capacity is 30 kg, suitable for a golf bag and accessories.

How do I set the automatic distance on the golf buggy?

Press the Timer button once for 10m, twice for 20m, three times for 30m. To add another 10m, press the timer again while it is moving.

How long does it take to charge the battery?

Initial charge takes 12 hours. Subsequent charges take 5 to 12 hours. Charging is complete when the indicator light changes color.

What should I do if the wheels won't turn?

Check that the wheels are properly secured to the axle with a split pin. Ensure the right and left wheels are on the correct sides and the clutch pins are visible.

Can I use the golf buggy in the rain?

No, the buggy is not weather-proof. Avoid using it in rain or damp conditions. Do not clean with high-pressure water.

How do I maintain the battery for long life?

Charge the battery immediately after use. Do not store it depleted. Disconnect when not in use. Keep terminals clean and apply high-temperature grease.

What is the difference between E4000 and E4000S models?

The E4000S has a 500W motor compared to the E4000's 250W motor. Other specs like speed, load, and battery are identical.

How do I attach the wheels to the buggy?

Stand behind the buggy, identify left (L) and right (R) wheels. Push the wheel locking button on the outside of the wheel, insert the axle fully, then release the button to lock.

What safety precautions should I take when using the golf buggy?

Always read the manual. Do not operate in flammable environments. Keep bystanders away. Wear appropriate protective gear. Disconnect battery before maintenance.

USER MANUAL E4000 THOMSON

Colours and appearances may vary

User Manual

[Revision 4.0 March 2022]

THE BATTERY MAY HAVE SOME CHARGE ON ARRIVAL, IT IS IMPORTANT HOWEVER THAT THE BATTERY IS CHARGED PRIOR TO USE.

Safety

Safety messages are designed to alert you to possible dangers or hazards that could cause death, injury or equipment or property damage if not understood or followed. Safety messages have the following symbols:

You WILL be KILLED or SERIOUSLY INJURED if you do not follow instructions.

You CAN be KILLED or SERIOUSLY INJURED if you do not follow instructions.

You CAN be INJURED if you do not follow instructions or equipment damage may occur.

It is vital that you read and understand this user manual before using the product, including safety warnings, and any assembly and operating instructions. Keep the manual for future reference.

Safety precautions and recommendations detailed here must be fully understood and followed to reduce the risk of injury, fire, explosion, electrical hazard, and/or property damage.

Safety information presented here is generic in nature – some advice may not be applicable to every product. The term "equipment" refers to the product, be it electrical mains powered, battery powered or combustion engine powered.

• Before Use - If you are not familiar with the safe operation/handling of the equipment, or are in any way unsure of any aspect of suitability or correct use for your application, you should complete training conducted by a person or organization qualified in safe use and operation of this equipment, including fuel/electrical handling and safety.
• Do NOT operate the equipment in flammable or explosive environments, such as in the presence of flammable liquids, gases or dust. The equipment may create sparks or heat that may ignite flammable substances.
• Keep clear of moving parts.
• Equipment may be a potential source of electric shock or injury if misused.
• Do NOT operate the equipment if it is damaged, malfunctioning or is in an excessively worn state.
• Do NOT allow others to use the equipment unless they have read this manual and are adequately trained.
• Keep packaging away from children - risk of suffocation! Operators must use the equipment correctly. When using the equipment, consider conditions and pay due care to persons and property.

General Work Area Safety

• Work areas should be clean and well it.
- Do not operate the equipment if bystanders, animals etc are within operating range of the equipment or the general work area.
- If devices are provided for connecting dust extraction / collection facilities, ensure these are connected and used properly. Dust collection can reduce dust-related hazards.

General Personal Safety

• Wear appropriate protective equipment when operating, servicing, or when in the operating area of the equipment to help protect from eye and ear injury, poisoning, burns, cutting and crush injuries. Protective equipment such as safety goggles, respirators, non-slip safety footwear, hard hat, hearing protection etc should be used for appropriate equipment / conditions. Other people nearby should also wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery, which can be caught in moving parts. Keep hair and clothing away from the equipment.
• Stay alert and use common sense when operating the equipment. Do not over-reach. Always maintain secure footing and balance.
• Do not use the equipment if tired or under the influence of drugs, alcohol or medication.
• This equipment is not intended for use by persons with reduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities.

General Fuel Safety

• Petrol/fuel/gasoline is extremely flammable – keep clear of naked flames or other ignition sources.
• Do not spill fuel. If you spill fuel, wipe it off the equipment immediately – if fuel gets on your clothing, change clothing.
• Do NOT smoke near fuel or when refuelling.
• Always shut off the engine before refuelling.
• Do NOT refuel a hot engine.
• Open the fuel cap carefully to allow any pressure build-up in the tank to release slowly.
  • Always refuel in well ventilated areas.
• Always check for fuel leakage. If fuel leakage is found, do not start or run the engine until all leaks are fixed.

General Carbon-Monoxide Safety

• Using a combustion engine indoors CAN KILL IN MINUTES. Engine exhaust contains carbon-monoxide – a poison you cannot smell or see.
• Use combustion engines OUTSIDE only, and far away from windows, doors and vents.

General Equipment Use and Care

• The equipment is designed for domestic use only.
• Handle the equipment safely and carefully.
• Before use, inspect the equipment for misalignment or binding of moving parts, loose components, damage or any other condition that may affect its operation. If damaged, have the equipment repaired by an authorised service centre or technician before use.
• Prevent unintentional starting of the equipment - ensure equipment and power switches are in the OFF position before connecting or moving equipment. Do not carry equipment with hands or fingers touching any controls. Remove any tools or other items that are not a part of the equipment from it before starting or switching on.
• Do not force the equipment. Use the correct equipment for your application. Equipment will perform better and be safer when used within its design and usage parameters.
• Use the equipment and accessories etc. in accordance with these instructions, considering working conditions and the work to be performed. Using the equipment for operations different from those intended could result in hazardous situations.
• Always keep equipment components (engines, hoses, handles, controls, frames, housings, guards etc) and accessories (cutting tools, nozzles, bits etc) properly maintained. Keep the equipment clean and, where applicable, properly lubricated.
• Store the equipment out of reach of children or untrained persons. To avoid burns or fire hazards, let the equipment cool completely before transporting or storing. Never place or store the equipment near flammable materials, combustible gases or liquids etc.
• The equipment is not weather-proof, and should not be stored in direct sunlight, at high ambient temperatures or locations that are damp or humid.
• Do not clean equipment with solvents, flammable liquids or harsh abrasives.
• For specific equipment safety use and care, see Equipment Safety.

General Electrical Safety

• Inspect electrical equipment, extension cords, power bars, and electrical fittings for damage or wear before each use. Repair or replace damaged equipment immediately.
• Ensure all power sources conform to equipment voltage requirements and are disconnected before connecting or disconnecting equipment.
• When wiring electrically powered equipment, follow all electrical and safety codes.
• Wherever possible, use a residual current device (RCD).
• High voltage / high current power lines may be present. Use extreme caution to avoid contact or interference with power lines. Electrical shock can be fatal.

General Electrical Safety

• Electrically grounded equipment must have an approved cord and plug and be connected to a grounded electrical outlet.
• Do NOT bypass the ON/OFF switch and operate equipment by connecting and disconnecting the electrical cord.
• Do NOT use equipment that has exposed wiring, damaged switches, covers or guards.
• Do NOT use electrical equipment in wet conditions or in damp locations.
• Do NOT use electrical cords to lift, move or carry equipment.
• Do NOT coil or knot electrical cords, and ensure electrical cords are not trip hazards.

General Service Information

• The equipment must be serviced or repaired at authorised service centres by qualified personnel only.
• Replacement parts must be original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to ensure equipment safety is maintained.
• Do NOT attempt any maintenance or repair work not described in this manual.
• After use, the equipment and components may still be hot – allow the equipment to cool and disconnect spark plugs and/or electrical power sources and/or batteries from it before making adjustments, changing accessories or performing repair or maintenance.
• Do NOT make adjustments while the equipment is running.
• Perform service related activities in suitable conditions, such as a workshop.
• Replace worn, damaged or missing warning/safety labels immediately.

Safety Symbols

The product may have safety warning labels attached to it, explained below. Understand the symbols on your product and their meanings. If any stickers become unreadable, unattached etc, replace them.

Flammable Material HazardFlammable liquids, gases or substances etc may present.Avoid ignition sources and open flames. Danger of fire.	Read User ManualRead and fully understand product safety warnings, operation, procedures etc before using the product.	Use Hand ProtectionWear appropriate hand protection and take due care as the product or use of the product may present hand hazards.	Carbon-Monoxide HazardDo not use the product in confined areas or without adequate ventilation. Carbon-monoxide poisoning can be fatal.
Electrocution / Electrical Shock HazardHigh voltage or high current electricity may be present or required by the product. Take due care when handling electrical products, cables, plugs and leads. Electrical shock can be fatal.	Toxic Fumes / Dust HazardUsing the product or by-products from use may produce fumes, smoke or particles that could be harmful if inhaled. Wear appropriate breathing protection and have adequate ventilation.	Explosive Material HazardCombustible liquids, gases or substances etc may be present. Avoid ignition sources and open flames. Danger of explosion.	Cutting / Amputation HazardThe product may have blades, edges or mechanical devices that can cause severe cut injury to fingers, limbs etc. Take due care when handling and using the product.
Crush HazardThe product may have blades, edges or mechanical devices that can cause severe crush injury to fingers, limbs etc. Take due care when handling and using the product.	Single Operator OnlyThe product must be operated by a single person only. More than one person operating the product may introduce additional hazards.	Use Face ProtectionWear appropriate full-face protection and take due care as the product or use of the product may present face and eye hazards.	Use Foot ProtectionWear appropriate foot protection and take due care as the product or use of the product may present foot hazards.
Use Eye / Ear / Head ProtectionWear appropriate eye and / or ear and / or head protection and take due care as the product or use of the product may present eye, hearing and head hazards.	Running HazardDo not run on or near the product as doing so may present a fall hazard.	Diving HazardDo not dive into the product as doing so may present a neck / head injury hazard.	Adult Supervision RequiredAlways supervise children and other users of a product to prevent drowning or injury.
Skin Penetration / Puncture HazardThe product may produce pressure, emit liquids or objects that can cause severe injury to fingers, limbs, blood etc. Take due care when handling and using the product.	Hot Surface HazardBe aware that the product may produce high temperatures and hot surfaces that can cause burn injuries.	Flying Debris HazardBe aware that the product or use of the product may present hazards produced by flying debris. Wear appropriate clothing and protectiove devices.	Moving Parts HazardBe aware that the product contains or uses mechanical devices that move or rotate. Always wait for moving parts to stop fully before handling the product, adjusting, maintenance etc.
Carbon-Monoxide HazardDo not use the product in confined areas or without adequate ventilation. Carbon-monoxide poisoning can be fatal.	Pull HazardBe aware that the product contains or uses mechanical devices that can pull in objects and can cause severe injury to fingers, limbs etc. Take due care when handling and using the product.	Slope / Fall Injury HazardBe aware that using the product on sloping surfaces or in slippery conditions may present additional dangers from falls and contact with blades, moving parts, hot surfaces etc.	"Slam Dunk" WarningDo NOT attempt "slam dunk" manoeuvres as this may result in severe injury due to falling, product breakage or collapse etc.
Electrocution / Electrical Shock Hazard - OutdoorHigh voltage or high current electricity may be present or required by the product. Do NOT use in rain, damp or wet conditions. Electrical shock can be fatal.	Electrocution / Electrical Shock Hazard - DisconnectHigh voltage or high current electricity may be present or required by the product.Always disconnect the product from the electrical supply before handling the product, adjusting, maintenance etc.	Power Line Electrocution HazardHigh voltage / high current power lines may be present. Use extreme caution to avoid contact or interference with power lines. Electrical shock can be fatal.	"Kick-Back" HazardHigh level of "kick-back" hazard that can cause the machine to suddenly rotate towards operator. Kick-back injury can be fatal.
Winch Operator Position HazardDo NOT stand between winch and load. Do NOT use winch to move people.	Winch Lift HazardDo NOT LIFT load vertically. Use machine to PULL only.	Cable HazardEnsure that load bearing cable is not kinked or knotted.	Winch Cable HazardEnsure that there is a minimum number of cable coils on winching mechanism.
Winch Hook HazardCarry hook to load – do NOT throw or run.	Flash / Blinding HazardWear appropriate eye protection for welding. Dorect exposure to weld arcs may cause permanent eye injury.	Laser HazardLaser may be in use – do NOT look directly at laser, or allow others to.

Table of Contents

Safety....2

Safety Symbols....4

Parts Identification....7

Spare Parts 8

Assembly and Setup....9

Operation 11

Handle Control Functions....11

Timer and Distance Functions....11

Cruising and Braking Functions....11

Operating your Golf Buggy....12

Charging the Battery 12

Lead-Acid Battery Care and Maintenance 13

Top 2 Battery Care Requirements ....13

Maintenance ....14

Troubleshooting....15

Specifications....16

Parts Identification

No.	Name	No.	Name
1	Speed knob	9	Lower bag strap
2	Upper holder	10	Front wheel
3	Upper bag strap	11	Upper holding fixed knob
4	Battery	12	Handle IC Controller
5	Rear wheel	13	Battery plug
6	Wheel hub cap	14	Front wheel Adjust bolt
7	Wheel spring	15	Hcore Holder
8	Motor	16	Lower Folding Fixed Knob

Spare Parts

Spare parts available for purchase, scan QR codes below:

Assembly and Setup

1. Identify the Left and Right wheels by locating the L and R sticker on the inside of the wheels. To identify which side to place the wheels, stand behind the buggy, the right wheel is needs to be installed on your right and the left on your left.

2. Attach the wheels to the axles by pushing the wheel locking button (E) on the outside of the wheel and inserting the axle extension into the wheel.

Ensure to keep the locking button on the outside of the wheel pushed in during this process. This is in order to enable the axle extensions, including the two pins, to be inserted all the way into the wheel.

If not locked in, the wheel will not be connected to the clutch and cannot be moved. Test the lock by trying to pull the wheel out.

Close-up of a car wheel with labeled component E, showing hub and spokes (no text or symbols beyond label)

1. Tighten the lower and the upper pellet.

Close-up of a small wheeled bicycle with visible wheels and sensor components, no text or symbols present.

1. Place the battery pack (F) on the battery tray (G) and fasten the hook and eye strap (H) around the battery and fasten it tightly. Ensure that the power switch on the caddy handle is off. Insert the battery plug (I) into the golf buggy's outlet (J).

Operation

Handle Control Functions

Timer and Distance Functions

Press once.

• The golf buggy will automatically move forward by 10m and will stop by itself afterwards.

Press twice.

• The golf buggy will automatically move forward by 20m and will stop by itself afterwards.

Press thrice.

• The golf buggy will automatically move forward by 30m and will stop by itself afterwards.

*To add another 10m, just press the timer once again while it is operational.

Cruising and Braking Functions

ON/OFF button

- Controls the golf buggy's power supply. Press for about 3 seconds to toggle the unit ON/OFF.

Go/Stop button

- Press this button while the golf buggy is operational, and it will stop. Press this button while the golf buggy is turned OFF, and it will start-up.

Timer and Go/Stop button

- When the golf buggy goes through different speed levels, the Timer function is automatically activated. If the Go/Stop button is pressed, the Timer function will immediately be cancelled and the digital display will revert back to the previously set speed level. Pressing the Go/Stop button again will return to the previously set speed setting.

Operating your Golf Buggy

1. To turn the golf buggy ON, hold down the ON/OFF button for about 2 seconds. The battery charge LED should light up. A battery indicator with green or red color LEDs on the handle shows the battery charge at any time.
2. While holding on to the handle, press the Timer button to set your distance. The golf buggy will start moving forward.
3. To stop or slow down the golf buggy, press the ON/OFF buttons.

Charging the Battery

1. Charge the battery by plugging-in the charger into the battery first, then plug the charger into the mains electrical supply. Ensure that the battery gets charged after each round of golf. Charging is complete when the charger light changes colour. Battery charging takes anywhere between 5-12 hours.
2. Once the battery is fully-charged, disconnect the battery from the charger, then the charger from the mains electrical supply. There are two types of indicator lights. The changes in LED colours for these different charging statuses are as follows:

a. The LED will turn green when connecting the battery and changes to red once connected to an outlet, indicating that the battery is being charged. The LED will revert to green once the battery is fully charged.
b. The LED light will start as a steady green. If the battery requires charging or while charging the battery, the LED light will revert to a flashing green. When the battery is fully charged, the LED will stop flashing and revert to a steady green.

Lead-Acid Battery Care and Maintenance

Top 2 Battery Care Requirements

1. Charge battery before first use. The battery may arrive with some charge, regardless of this the battery must be charged for 12 hours on the initial charge and 5 – 12 for each subsequent charge.
2. Charge battery immediately when it is depleted. Do not store a depleted battery. This will permanently impact the life of the battery. If the battery is going to be stored for a period of time, fully charge the battery before storing.
3. Disconnect battery when not in use. To prolong the life of a battery, disconnect it from the unit when not in use. Disconnect chargers from the battery once charged.

To ensure the battery maintains optimum performance, follow the guidelines outlined below.

• For best results, charge batteries in temperatures between 10°C and 30°C
• When battery is charged, disconnect the charger from the power supply and remove the battery from the charger.
• Inspect the terminals, screws, clamps and cables for breakage, damage or loose connections. These should be clean, tight and free of corrosion.
• Use only with the battery charger specified by the manufacturer.
• Ensure that the battery charger electrical cord is not subjected to damage or stress. Do not operate the battery charger if it has a damaged electrical cord or plug.
• Do not use the charger in wet areas or expose it to rain or water.
• Keep the battery clean, dry, free of dirt and grime. A dirty battery can discharge across the grime on top of the battery casing.
• Apply a thin coating of high temperature grease to posts and cable connections for added protection.
• Inspect the battery case for obvious signs of physical damage or warpage. This usually indicates the battery has been overheated or has been overcharged.
• Batteries can explode in the presence of an ignition source, such as a pilot light. To reduce the risk of serious personal injury, never use any cordless product in the presence of open flame. Exploding batteries can propel debris and chemicals.
• Do not open the battery – danger of short-circuiting and/or explosion.
• Do not attempt to destroy or disassemble the battery pack or remove any of its components.
• Do not touch the battery terminals with metal objects and/or body parts as short-circuit and/or personal injury may result.
• Explosion hazard – protect the battery against heat; for example, direct sunlight and fire. Do not store batteries in vehicles or locations subject to heat.
• Explosion hazard – do not open and/or short-circuit the battery.
• Poison hazard – battery leakage (liquid ejection). Under extreme conditions, liquid may be ejected from the battery – avoid contact. If contact accidentally occurs, immediately seek medical attention, and flush with water. If liquid contacts eyes, immediately seek medical attention, flush with clean water for at least 10 minutes. Liquid ejected from the battery may cause irritation or burns.
• Dispose of non-serviceable batteries in an environmentally responsible manner and according to local regulations.

Failure to adhere to the requirements above may result in the battery becoming inoperative or battery life being reduced. In extreme cases or abuse, battery overheating or fire may result.

Maintenance

The steps below will ensure that you get a prolonged and reliable life out of your golf buggy.

• The golf buggy has been designed so that the user can concentrate on playing golf, while the golf buggy does the work of carrying your bag. In order to keep your golf buggy looking at its best, wipe away any mud or grass from the frame, wheels and chassis after every round of golf with a damp cloth or paper towel.
• DO NOT use any high-pressure jet washers to prevent moisture from entering into the electronic systems, motors and/or gear boxes of the golf buggy.
• Remove the rear wheels every few weeks and remove any debris that might cause the wheels to stop rotating and drag itself across the ground. You could also apply some lubricant, such WD-40 to ensure moving parts run smoothly.
• A 4/5-hour round of golf played once a week for 12 months is equivalent to around 4 years use of a lawnmower, so please inspect your golf buggy at least once a year thoroughly. If you notice any symptoms of wear-and-tear, contact an authorised service centre.
• Always disconnect the battery whenever you put the golf buggy in storage, and always assemble the golf buggy together first before re-connecting the battery. If you are not planning to play for at least a month, store the battery in a cool, dry location (not on concrete floor).

All these recommendations will help keep your golf buggy in good, working condition and ensure that it remains your reliable partner, both on and off the links.

Troubleshooting

Symptoms Resolutions
Golf buggy does not have any power.	Check the fuse in the battery case.Check all wiring connections and plugs.Check if the battery has any charge left.Check if wheels & clutches are in order.
Motor is running, but wheels won't turn.	Check if the wheels are properly secured to the axle with a split pin.Check the positions of the right and left wheels. Adjust the wheels, if needed.
Golf buggy moves to the left or right.	Check if the wheel is properly fitted over the clutch and latched to the axle.Check if clutch pin is visible at both sides of the axleCheck clutch turn freely in one direction only
Battery lacks power.	Check cable connections.Check if fuse is 30A.Check charger function.
Problems attaching the wheels.	Remove the outer cap and adjust the quick release catch.
Golf buggy will not turn ON.	ON/OFF button needs to be held down for about 2 seconds for the golf buggy to turn ON.

Specifications

E4000

Model	E4000
Material	Aluminum alloy
Motor power	250W
Max speed	8km/h
Max load capacity	30kg
Distance per charge	20 km
Battery	12V, 33Ah
Charger	240V AC (input), DC 12V
Power Plug	Australian Standard

E4000S

Model	E4000s
Material	Aluminum alloy
Motor power	500W
Max speed	8km/h
Max load capacity	30kg
Distance per charge	20 km
Battery	12V, 33Ah
Charger	240V AC (input), DC 12V
Power Plug	Australian Standard

Note: Assembly Required

Some experts believe that the incorrect or prolonged use of almost any product may cause serious injury or death. To help reduce your risk of serious injury or death, refer to the information below. For more information, see www.datastreamserver.com/safety

• Consult all documentation, packaging and product labelling before use. Note that some products feature documentation available online. It is recommended to print and retain the documentation.
  ■ Before each use, check the product for loose/broken/damaged/missing parts, wear or leaks (if applicable). Never use a product with loose/broken/damaged/missing parts, wear or leaks.
  ■ Products must be inspected and serviced (if applicable) by a qualified technician every 6 months. This is based on average residential use by persons of average size and strength, and on a property of average metropolitan size. Use beyond these recommendations may require more frequent inspections/servicing.
  ■ Ensure that all users of the product have completed a suitable industry recognised training course before being allowed access to the product.

■ The product has been supplied by a general merchandise retailer that may not be familiar with your specific application or description of application. Be sure to attain third-party approval from a qualified specialist for your application before use, regardless of any assurances from the retailer or its representatives.
This product is not intended for use where fail-safe operation is required. As with any product (for example, automobile, computer, toaster), there is the possibility of technical issues that may require the repair or replacement of parts, or the product itself. If the possibility of such failure and the associated time it may take to rectify could in any way inconvenience the user, business or employee, or financially affect the user, business or employee, then the product is not suitable for your requirements. This product is not intended for use where incorrect operation or a failure of any kind, including but not limited to, a condition requiring product return, replacement, parts replacement or service by a technician may cause financial loss, loss of employee time or an inconvenience requiring compensation.
If this product has been purchased in error when considering the information presented here, contact the retailer directly for details of their returns policy, if required.

©2022 Thomson. All rights reserved. No part of this document, including descriptive content, concepts, ideas, diagrams or images may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning or recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without express permission or consent from the publisher.