CAS 80 - TV Antenna KATHREIN - Free user manual and instructions

Product Type	Offset parabolic satellite antenna
Order Numbers	CAS 80ws (20010029) white, CAS 80gr (20010027) graphite, CAS 80ro (20010028) red brown
Reflector Material	Aluminium, powder coated
Feed System Support Material	Galvanised sheet steel, powder coated
Mast Clamp Material	Sheet steel, hot-dip galvanised
Reception Range	10.70 – 12.75 GHz
Antenna Gain (dB)	36.8 (10.70-11.70 GHz) / 37.3 (11.70-12.50 GHz) / 37.7 (12.50-12.75 GHz)
Half-Power Beam Width	< 2.2°
Figure of Merit (G/T, middle feed)	16.9/17.9 dB/K (with UAS 571/572/582/584/585)
Cross-Polarisation Decoupling	> 26 dB
Wind Area	0.47 m²
Wind Load (up to 20 m height)	450 N (130 km/h, 800 N/m²)
Maximum Load	980 N (190 km/h, 1740 N/m²)
Mast Clamp Range	38 - 90 mm
Elevation Setting Range	Mast-side: 5° - 48°; Mast-top: 5° - 90°
Azimuth Setting Range	360°
Multi-feed Adapter Plate Tilt Range	±15°
Weight (net/gross)	6.7 kg / 8.0 kg
Packing Dimensions (W x D x H)	1100 x 800 x 180 mm
Optional Accessories	ZAS 90 (multi-feed adapter plate, order 218684), ZAS 1218 (multi-feed adapter plate, order 204500011)
Included Items	Reflector with pre-assembled mast and feed system support, user manual

Frequently Asked Questions - CAS 80 KATHREIN

What tools are needed to install the CAS 80 antenna?

You will need a hexagon key (SW5, supplied) for the elevation bolts and an open-ended spanner (13 AF) for the wing nuts. A torque wrench (4-5 Nm) is recommended for final tightening.

How do I choose the installation site for the antenna?

Choose a location with an unobstructed view of the south (±20°) at an elevation of about 30°. Avoid obstacles like trees, roofs, or other antennas. The roof is not mandatory; a garden, terrace, or garage wall may be suitable.

What is the maximum mast length allowed for the CAS 80?

According to DIN 4131, a domestic antenna must have no more than 6 m free mast length and a fixed-end moment up to 1650 Nm.

How do I align the antenna to a satellite?

Set the elevation angle according to your location (refer to the LNB manual). Loosen the wing nuts on the mast clamp, twist the antenna roughly south, then slowly adjust left/right until the best signal is found. Tighten the clamp and fine-tune tilt and azimuth alternately for optimal reception.

Can I use the CAS 80 for multi-feed reception?

Yes. The antenna supports two universal feed systems for satellites 3°-4° or 6° apart. Use the multi-feed adapter plate markings (positions 1/5 for 6°, 2/4 for 3°-4°, and 3 for single feed). For three feeds, use optional adapter plates ZAS 90 or ZAS 1218.

Is grounding required for the antenna?

Grounding is mandatory unless the antenna is more than 2 m below the roof edge and less than 1.5 m from the building. The mast must be connected to the building's lightning protection system via a ground conductor (min. 16 mm² copper). Only qualified electricians should perform grounding work.

What safety precautions should I take during installation?

Never install near overhead power cables (maintain at least 1 m distance). Avoid working during thunderstorms. Use a safety harness when on the roof, and close off the area below to prevent injury from falling parts. Ensure the roof can bear your weight.

How do I maintain the antenna's corrosion resistance?

Do not modify the antenna (e.g., drilling). Avoid mechanical damage like scratches or abrasion of the powder coating. Use only original Kathrein accessories. Exposure to chemicals (solvents, detergents) or harsh weather (sandstorms) may void the warranty.

What is the maximum wind speed the antenna can withstand?

The antenna is designed for wind loads up to 450 N (130 km/h) for installation heights up to 20 m, and 620 N (150 km/h) for heights above 20 m. The maximum static load is 980 N at 190 km/h.

Where can I find the elevation angle for my location?

The exact elevation angle for your location is provided in the manual of the feed system (LNB). Additionally, the CAS 80 manual includes tables for multi-feed tilt angle 'V' based on satellite positions and city/region.

USER MANUAL CAS 80 KATHREIN

■ Reflector made of aluminium, powder coated
■ Feed system support made of galvanised sheet steel, powder coated
■ Mast clamp made of sheet steel, hot-dip galvanised
■ Optimal electrical data in lowest mechanical dimensions due to off set-feed
■ Available in graphite, white or red brown
■ Items supplied: Reflector with pre-assembled mast and feed system support, user manual
■ Patented tilt facility at the multi-feed adaptor plate, allows optimisation of the LNB positions for multi-feed reception
■ The optimum performance of the satellite antennas is only given in conjunction with the original Kathrein LNBs.

Printing may differ

■ Without additional components, two universal feed systems to receive the signals of satellites 3° or 4° (e.g. ASTRA 19.2°/23.5°) or 6° apart (e.g. ASTRA/EUTELSAT-HOTBIRD) can be mounted on the boom.

For other satellite spacings, the multifeed adapter plates ZAS 90 (Order no: 218684) and ZAS 1218 (Order no: 204500011) are available (see "Optional Accessories" on page 1).

Intended Use

The CAS 80 parabolic antenna is intended solely for the reception of satellite signals and for use only as a domestic antenna.

DIN 4131 specifi es that a domestic antenna has no more than 6 m free mast length and a fi xed-end moment up to 1650 Nm.

It is unsuitable for mounting on structures that are liable to vibration.

Make absolutely sure that the values for the maximum load listed in the Technical Data (on the last page) are complied with. If this load is exceeded, parts could break away!

The CAS 80 parabolic antenna is designed for use with a feed system (LNB) for reception of the signals from one satellite position, or two feed systems for multi-feed applications for reception of the signals from two satellite positions with 3° - 4° or 6° satellite spacing.

When the additional ZAS 90 or ZAS 1218 multi-feed adapter plate is used, the parabolic antenna is also suitable for three feed systems. The feed systems and instructions for their installation are not included in the scope of supply of the parabolic antenna.

Do not use the parabolic antenna for purposes other than those listed in this manual! Any use other than that specified above will void the warranty or guarantee.

In particular, never modify any of its components or fit any components other than those expressly intended by the manufacturer for use with the antenna.

Breach of these rules may lead to the antenna no longer being sufficiently stable and safe!

OptionalAccessories

■ ZAS 90, order no. 218684 multi-feed adapter plate

Installation items 2 and 3 cannot be mounted at the same time.

■ ZAS 1218, order no. 204500011 multi-feed adapter plate Without notches for any satellite spacing

Basic Safety Instructions

Before you install, connect or use the parabolic antenna, make sure that you comply with the instructions in this manual! If you disregard these instructions,

• malfunctions may arise, creating risks to your life and health,
  • defects in the installation or the connection may cause damage to the antenna or to the attachment point,
• the manufacturer will not accept liability for malfunctions and damage arising!

- Under no circumstances install antennas in the vicinity of overhead power cables, otherwise the absolutely essential clearance requirements may no longer be satisfied. Maintain a clearance of at least 1 m from all other electrical devices in all directions!

If you or metal parts of the antenna touch any electrical device there is a serious risk of a fatal electric shock!

• Never work on antenna systems during a thunderstorm or when a thunderstorm is approaching. There is a risk of a fatal electric shock!
• Never install antennas on buildings with easily flammable roof coverings such as straw, reeds or similar materials! Otherwise there is a risk of fi re due to atmospheric over-voltages (static charges) or lightning discharges (e.g. during thunderstorms).
• The installation operations described here assume good craftsmanship capabilities and knowledge of the behaviour of materials under the effects of wind. Therefore if you do not possess the required skills, have this work performed by a specialist.
• The person doing the work must wear strong non-slip footwear, must not be liable to dizziness, must be able to move around safely on the roof and have a secure standing and attachment position (if necessary, wear a safety harness when on the roof).
• Make sure that the roof is able to bear your weight. Never walk on fragile or unstable surfaces! In case of doubt, contact a qualified specialist dealer or specialist roofing contractor to find an appropriate installation location.
• Do not go on to roofs or other high places without a correctly attached safety harness that is in good condition. Otherwise use a work platform.
• Ladders or other means of climbing must be in faultless condition (dry, clean and non-slip). Never build any irresponsible “scrambling towers”!
• If there is a risk that passers-by may be injured by items falling from above during installation, you must close off the risk area using barriers! Make sure that no-one is underneath the installation location.

Risk of death or injury due to falling from the roof, falling through the roof and falling parts, plus the possibility of damage to the roof.

• The respective national safety regulations and current standards such as DIN EN 60728-11 should be complied with.
• Any other use or failure to comply with these instructions will result in voiding of warranty coverage.

- Do not undo the cable tie on the carrier arm until you have swung out the boom and secured it using the two M6 bolts (see section "Installing the antenna" item c "Installing the carrier arm"). This is so as to prevent the boom swinging out during transport of the carrier arm. For this reason, always carry the carrier arm as show in the illustration on the right.

This is to avoid the risk of injury by pinching!

When working on antenna systems, please remember your duty of care towards your fellow human beings!

Keep the manual for any questions that arise later, and if the building passes to another owner, pass it on to the new owner!

Selecting the Installation Site

It is essential to select the correct installation site. This determines whether your parabolic antenna can be erected safely and perform to its optimum capabilities.

When selecting the installation site, take account of special features of the structure of the building. If the installation is at the edge of the roof or the building or on a cylindrical structure, DIN 1055, parts 4 and 4131 specifies the increased wind and vibration loadings that should be allowed for. The dynamic properties of the antenna and the structure can mutually influence each other and cause detrimental changes.

When installing (e.g. under eaves), due to the offset angle of the antenna, there must be a clear view to the satellite at an angle of approx. 60° above the top edge of the reflector in relation to the horizontal.

Disregarding these considerations can lead to the maximum load or vibration fatigue stress listed in the Technical Data being exceeded. The parabolic antenna need not necessarily be mounted on the roof, since the requirement is not height as such but an unobstructed "view" of the satellite. For this reason, an appropriate installation site might also be found for instance in the garden, on the terrace, on the face of the building or on a garage.

In fact if other sites are possible, it is better to avoid the roof. This will result in less work for you and will reduce the hazards associated with installation work on the roof!

- For good reception, an unobstructed "view" to the south (±20°) must be ensured, at an elevation of about 30°. The following satellites are then available for selection:

1 TÜRKSAT*)

42° East 6 EUTELSAT

13° East

HOTBIRD

2 ASTRA 2 group ^* 28.2° East 7 EUTELSAT W 1 10° East

3 ASTRA 3 group 23.5° East 8 HISPA-Sat 30° West

4 ASTRA 1 group 19.2° East

5 EUTELSAT W 2 16° East

- Do make sure that there are no obstacles between the parabolic antenna and the respective satellite (such as trees, roofs, house eaves or other antennas). Such items can impair reception to the extent that during unfavourable stormy weather the signal is lost altogether.

*) The reception is dependent upon the respective location and the satellite coverage zone

Installing the Antenna

When installing the antenna carrier (mast or wall boom), ensure that it is standing upright. Otherwise, there may be problems with the alignment of the antenna to the satellites.

a. Requirements on the antenna carrier

• Use only masts or support tubes that are specially designed for installation of antennas. Other tubes generally do not have the strength required to withstand the forces of wind and weather.
• For mast installation, select a tube diameter between 48 and 90 mm , with a wall thickness at least 2mm . For wall installation, Kathrein recommends the use of ZAS 60 or ZAS 61 wall supports.
• For mast installation on a roof, the mast must be clamped for at least 1/6 of its free length (in the example bottom right this is 0.7m ).

b. Several antennas on a single antenna carrier

• Install the parabolic antenna as far down the mast as possible, so as to minimise the bending moment at the clamping point.
• Under no circumstances exceed the maximum value for the loading on the mast or mast support, as stated in the Technical Data. Sufficient cognizance of the maximum loading is achieved if you arrange your antenna system as shown in example bottom right and use conventional

domestic antennas together with mast components from a specialist supplier (tube in steel grade St 52 with outside diameter 60 mm and wall thickness 2.5 mm at the mast clamping point – e.g. ZSH 59 from Kathrein).

If you arrange the structure differently you must calculate wind loading and bending moment at the clamping point as specified in DIN EN 60728-11 (or have a specialist do the calculation for you).

c. Installing the carrier arm

• Slacken the four bolts on the elevation scale, using the hexagon key supplied with the parabolic antenna.
• Now set the elevation value to suit the satellite(s) to be received and your actual location (see LNB manual). If you have no data relating to your location, set an elevation value of approx. 35° for the carrier arm. The desired scale value must be in the centre of the notch.
• Then use the hexagon key to tighten any two of the four bolts finger-tight.

(The fi ne adjustment of the elevation will be performed later; see the section Aligning the Antenna on p. 6.)

- Now secure the carrier arm to the mast tube/boom by tightening the wing nuts. Tighten the nuts initially only finger-tight and check that the alignment of the carrier arm is generally towards the south.

- Now hold the boom of the carrier arm firmly and remove the cable tie (see dashed circle in the diagram on the right).

- Swing the carrier arm boom out and use the hexagon key to tighten the two M6 bolts at the "wrist" of the carrier arm to 4 - 5 Nm (see arrow in the diagram on the right).

d. Installation of the parabolic antenna

• Now hang the parabolic refl ector from the four securing bolts on the carrier arm (see arrows in the diagram on the right).
• Now lightly tighten the four bolts using a hexagon key SW5 (do this by holding the hexagon key by the short end, see diagram on the right).
• Now turn the hexagon key round. If you now swing the long end of the hexagon key (see diagram on the right) through about a quarter of a turn, the bolts will be tight. If you have a torque wrench available, tighten the bolts to about 4 - 5 Nm.

e. Feed system (LNB)

Tip

For multi-feed applications the antenna should be aligned towards the satellite which is transmitting the weakest signal level.

Tip

The optimum performance of the satellite antennas is only given in conjunction with the original Kathrein LNBs, because this is the only way to ensure optimum illumination of the reflector.

The feed system(s) and instructions for their installation are not included in the scope of supply of the parabolic antenna. For more detailed information on their correct installation please refer to the manuals supplied with the respective feed system.

Using the multi-feed adapter plate on the carrier arm you can install one or two Kathrein universal feed systems. The markings on the adapter plate are as follows:

• 3 the installation position for one single feed system,
• 2 and 4 the installation positions for two multi-feed feed systems at 3° - 4° satellite spacing,
• 1 and 5 the installation positions for two multi-feed feed systems at 6° satellite spacing.

- Example for the installation positions for a multi-feed application with 3°-4° satellite spacing:

Position 2 Position 4

ASTRA 19.2° East EUTELSAT 16° East ASTRA 23.5° East ASTRA 19.2° East EUTELSAT 16° East EUTELSAT 13° East EUTELSAT 13° East EUTELSAT 10° East EUTELSAT 10° East EUTELSAT 7° East

- Example for the installation positions for a multi-feed application with 6° satellite spacing:

Position 1 Position 5

ASTRA 19.2° East EUTELSAT 13° East

EUTELSAT 16° East EUTELSAT 10° East

EUTELSAT 13° East EUTELSAT 7° East

f. Polarisation pre-setting

• One feed system (monofeed)

Set the polarisation angle on the feed system according to the value in the table for your location and the position of the satellite from which the signal is to be received (see LNB user instructions). For this the tiltable adapter plate remains in the zero position (see diagram on the right).

• Multiple feed systems (multi-feed)

To optimise the multi-feed reception, the tiltable support "H" should be tilted to the angle "V" according to the table attached to this document.

The polarisation angle on the respective feed system must be set according to the following formula.

PW _ NEW = PW _ TAB - V

PW_NEW = polarisation angle to be set

PW_TAB = polarisation angle of the selected satellite according to the table in the LNB user instructions

V = setting angle of the support according to the selected satellite combination of the attached table

With the settings and the calculation, pay attention to preceding signs!

In order to be able to tilt the support you must first use the hexagon key to slacken the bolt shown arrowed in the illustration on the right.

Aligning the Antenna

The antenna must be exactly aligned towards the satellite in respect of both the direction (azimuth) and also the inclination (elevation). For multi-feed applications the antenna should be aligned towards the satellite which is transmitting the weakest signal level.

a. Setting the inclination (elevation) (if not already set under "Installing the carrier arm")

• Use a hexagon key SW5 with the parabolic antenna to slacken the two screws on each side of the inclination scale (elevation) on the left and right of the support.
• Then adjust the inclination (elevation) – the exact elevation angle for your location can be found in the manual for the feed system (LNB).
• When doing this, retighten first just one of the bolts on the inclination scale finger-tight.

b. Setting the direction (azimuth)

If you yourself are unable whilst performing the adjustments to read the results of the alignment work on an antenna meter or screen connected to the satellite receiver, you may need an assistant for the following steps. The precise alignment of the antenna can be achieved only if a digital antenna meter is used. Ask your dealer about this.

• Set the satellite receiver to a known channel so that you can check that you have really "locked on" to the desired satellite.
• Now slightly loosen the wing nuts on the mast clamp.
• Twist the antenna so that it faces roughly south. Then slowly twist the antenna about its central axis to left and right until the best reception is obtained for the selected channel.
• Then tighten the wing nuts initially just enough to prevent the antenna turning.

c. Fineadjustment

• Once again slacken the bolt on the inclination scale and tilt the antenna lightly upwards and downwards until either the antenna meter shows the strongest antenna signal or visual assessment is judged to achieve the best picture: To do this, tilt the antenna far enough upwards and downwards to get to the limits when the fi rst "little fi sh" (analogue) or "little blocks" (digital) appear on the screen. Position the antenna midway between the two limit points.
• Now alternately correct the direction (azimuth) and inclination (elevation) until the measured results or the picture quality show no further improvement.

Note: Tightening the nuts at the clamping piece can cause the antenna to turn slightly! You should allow for this at the fi ne adjustment stage (and if necessary make use of it when starting the adjustment operation all over again).

d. Finally tightening the antenna clamps

• Then tighten the nuts at the clamping piece by hand, working across diagonals. Then use a 13 AF open-ended spanner to tighten up each of the wing nuts one turn.
• After this, tighten the bolts on the left and right of the clamp of the inclination scale, using the hexagon key first with the short end to tighten them finger-tight and then with the long end tighten them a further 1/4 - 1/2 turn (torque wrench: 4 - 5 Nm).
• Finally check once again that the bolted connections are secure.
• Attach the cables to the carrier arm by clipping them into the cable clips within the carrier arm and use cable ties to secure them all along the antenna carrier, so that they cannot chafe and suffer damage in the wind.

Tighten finger-tight Fully tighten: 1 turn

Antenna Grounding/Lightning Protection

Because of the serious consequences if the work is not done properly, grounding and lightning protection work may be performed only by specially trained electricians!

Never perform grounding and lightning protection work if you are not a specialist with the appropriate skills!

The instructions printed here are not an invitation to non-specialists to perform grounding and lightning protection work on their own account; they are meant solely as additional information for the specialists whom you employ!

The antenna must be erected to DIN EN 60728-11 and grounded as specified. The grounding requirement is inapplicable only to those antennas:

• more than 2 m below the edge of the roof
• and at the same time less than 1.5 m from buildings.

For grounding, the mast must be connected by means of a suitable ground conductor to the lightning protection system of the building, using the shortest route. If no lightning protection system is available: to the building's ground conductor.

Connection to the lightning protection system may be made only by a qualified lightning protection system installation engineer.

a. Suitable as ground conductors are

- a single solid wire with a cross-section of at least 16 mm² copper, at least 25 mm² aluminium or at least 50 mm² steel.

b. Unsuitable as ground conductors are

• the outer conductor of the antenna cable
• metallic domestic installations (such as the metal pipework of a water or heating system), since the permanence of the electrical connection cannot be guaranteed
• or the shielding conductor or neutral conductor of the mains power supply.

c. Routing of ground conductors

• Antenna cables and grounding conductors must not be routed through rooms used for storing easily fl ammable substances (such as hay or straw) or in which an explosive atmosphere can develop (such as gases, vapours).
• If the parabolic antenna is used in an integrated antenna system (e.g. a distribution system), the grounding measures must also be designed in such a way that grounding protection is still maintained if individual units are removed or replaced.

The standard says that within the hatched area antenna grounding is not compulsory.

Hazards may be caused not only by thunderstorms (lightning), but also by static charges and short circuits in the connected units.

For safety reasons therefore in general for all antenna systems an equipotential bonding conductor of 4 mm ² copper should be provided.

The cable screens of all coaxial antenna downlink cables must be connected to the mast with an equipotential bonding conductor.

Technical Data (typical values)

Type CAS 80ws CAS 80gr CAS 80ro
Order no.			20010029 20010027 20010028
Colour			White (RAL 9002) Graphite (RAL 7012) Red brown (RAL 8012)
Reception range		GHz	10.70-12.75
Antenna gain at 10.70-11.70 GHz/11.70-12.50 GHz/12.50-12.75 GHz		dBi	36.8/37.3/37.7
Half-power beam width 1)		°	< 2.2
Figure of merit 2)feed system in the middle;	UAS 571/572/582/584/585	dB/K	16.9/17.916.2/17.2
Figure of merit 2)feed system spacing 3° - 4°;	UAS 571/572/582/584/585	dB/K	16.6/17.415.8/16.8
Figure of merit 2)feed system spacing 6°;	UAS 571/572/582/584/585	dB/K	16.3/17.115.5/15.8
Cross-polarisation decoupling (in main beam direction)		dB	>26
Wind area		m2	0.47
Vibration fatigue stress ETS 300019-2-4 (12.94)/IEC Class 4 M 5
Wind load 1:		N	450
for installation height up to 20 m above ground
at wind speed		km/h	up to 130
at dynamic pressure		N/m2	800
Wind load 2:		N	620
for installation height more than 20 m above ground (factor 1.37)
at wind speed:		km/h	up to 150
Maximum load		N	980
at dynamic pressure		N/m2	1740 (190 km/h)
Mast clamp range		mm	38 - 90
Setting range Elevation/Azimuth		°	Mast-side mounting: 5-48/360Mast-top mounting: 5-90/360
Multi-feed adaptor plate adjustment range (tiltable)		°	±15
Packing unit dimensions		mm	1100 x 800 x 180
Weight approx. net/gross		kg	6.7/8.0

1) At mid-band
2) G/T at 11.3/12.5 GHz under standard ambient conditions (clear sky)

If the maximum load is exceeded, parts could break away!

See dimensions on the next page

Dimensions in mm

Warranty Conditions for the Antenna Corrosion Resistance

Important instructions relating to the warranty conditions for the corrosion resistance of Kathrein offset parabolic antennas:

• The antenna must be assembled and mounted professionally, following the steps described in the enclosed instruction sheet.
• The antenna must not be modified (e.g. by drilling).
• The antenna must not be damaged mechanically (e.g. deformation, deep or extensive damage, or abrasion of the powder coating and surface coating).
• The antenna must not be damaged due to exposure to chemicals (e.g. solvents, lacquers, detergents or the like).
• Only genuine Kathrein accessories may be used for the antenna.

These warranty conditions are effective from the date of purchase.

Only the original sales slip is acceptable as proof of purchase for warranty claims.

Furthermore, corrosion resistance is not warranted for the consequences of force majeure, e.g. lightning strike, or if the antenna is used in regions where frequently occurring, abrasive weather conditions may wear off the protective coating within a short period of time (e.g. sandstorms).

Disposal

Electronic equipment

Electronic equipment is not domestic waste – in accordance with directive 2012/19/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL dated 4th July 2012 concerning used electrical and electronic appliances, it must be disposed of properly. At the end of its service life, take this unit for disposal at a designated public collection point.

Table for Angle V of the Tiltable Multi-feed Adaptor Plate
Multi-feed Application 3° Orbital Spacing

Satellite		ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 19,2°/16,0°	Eutelsat W2/Hotbird 16°/13°	Hotbird/Eutelsat W2A 13°/10°	Eutelsat W2A/W3A 10°/7°	Atlantik Bird 3/2 -5,0°/-8,0°	ASTRA/ASTRA 23,5°/19,2°
■ Germany
Bad Reichenhall	Latitude: 47,72°	-4,2° -1,4°	1,3° 4,0° 16,5°	-7,5°
	Longitude 12,90°
Berlin	Latitude: 52,50°	-3,2° -0,8°	1,5° 3,7° 14,4°	-6°
	Longitude 13,42°
Bremen	Latitude: 53,07°	-6,5° -4,2°	-2,0° 0,2° 11,1°	-9,2°
	Longitude 8,83°
Cottbus	Latitude: 51,75°	-2,6° -0,1°	2,2° 4,5° 15,4°	-5,5°
	Longitude 14,33°
Dortmund	Latitude: 51,50°	-7,9° -5,5°	-3,2° -0,8° 10,7°	-10,7°
	Longitude 7,47°
Dresden	Latitude: 51,05°	-3,1° -0,6°	1,8° 4,2° 15,3°	-6,1°
	Longitude 13,73°
Emden	Latitude: 53,35°	-7,6° -5,3°	-3,2° -1,0° 9,9°	-10,2°
	Longitude 7,20°
Erfurt	Latitude: 50,97°	-5,3° -2,8°	-0,4° 2,0° 13,5°	-8,2°
	Longitude 11,03°
Flensburg	Latitude: 54,78°	-5,7° -3,5°	-1,4° 0,7° 10,8°	-8,2°
	Longitude 9,45°
Frankfurt/Main	Latitude: 50,12°	-7,3° -4,8°	-2,3° 0,1° 12,2°	-10,3°
	Longitude 8,68°
Freiburg/Brsg.	Latitude: 48,00°	-8,6° -5,9°	-3,3° -0,6° 12,4°	-11,8°
	Longitude 7,83°
Greifswald	Latitude: 54,08°	-3,0° -0,8°	1,3° 3,5° 13,6°	-5,7°
	Longitude 13,38°
Hamburg	Latitude: 53,55°	-5,5° -3,3°	-1,1°	1,1°	11,7° -8,2°
	Longitude 9,98°
Hannover	Latitude: 52,37°	-5,9° -3,6°	-1,3° 1,0° 12,0°	-8,7°
	Longitude 9,77°
Kassel	Latitude: 51,30°	-6,4° -4,0°	-1,6° 0,7°	12,2° -9,3°
	Longitude 9,43°
Kiel	Latitude: 54,32°	-5,3° -3,1°	-1,0°	1,2° 11,5° -7,9°
	Longitude 10,13°
Koblenz	Latitude: 50,33°	-8,2°	-5,7°	-3,3° -0,8°	11,2°	-11,1°
	Longitude 7,50°
Leipzig	Latitude: 51,30°	-4,1°	-1,7° 0,7°	3,1°	14,3° -7,1°
	Longitude 12,37°
Magdeburg	Latitude: 52,12°	-4,6° -2,2°	0,1° 2,4° 13,4°	-7,4°
	Longitude 11,63°
Mönchengladbach	Latitude: 51,18°	-8,7° -6,4°	-4,0°	-1,6° 10,1° -11,6°
	Longitude 6,45°
München	Latitude: 48,13°	-5,3° -2,6°	0,1° 2,7° 15,3°	-8,6°
	Longitude 11,57°
Neubrandenburg	Latitude: 53,55°	-3,2° -0,9°	1,3° 3,5° 13,8°	-5,9°
	Longitude 13,25°
Nürnberg	Latitude: 49,45°	-5,5° -2,9°	-0,4° 2,2° 14,2°	-8,6°
	Longitude 11,05°
Osnabrück	Latitude: 52,28°	-7,2° -4,9°	-2,6° -0,3° 10,9°	-10°
	Longitude 8,05°
■ Germany (continued)
Passau	Latitude: 48,57°	-3,6° -0,9°	1,7° 4,3° 16,5°	-6,8°
	Longitude 13,47°
Pirmasens	Latitude: 49,20°	-8,4° -5,9°	-3,3° -0,8° 11,7°	-11,5°
	Longitude 7,60°
Plauen	Latitude: 50,50°	-4,5° -1,9°	0,5° 3,0° 14,5°	-7,5°
	Longitude 12,13°
Ravensburg	Latitude: 47,77°	-7,1° -4,4°	-1,7° 1,0° 13,9°	-10,4°
	Longitude 9,60°
Regensburg	Latitude: 49,02°	-4,7° -2,1°	0,5° 3,1° 15,2°	-7,9°
	Longitude 12,10°
Rostock	Latitude: 54,08°	-3,9° -1,7°	0,5° 2,6° 12,8°	-6,6°
	Longitude 12,13°
Stuttgart	Latitude: 48,80°	-7,2° -4,6°	-2,0° 0,6° 13,1°	-10,4°
	Longitude 9,18°
Trier	Latitude: 49,75°	-9,1° -6,5°	-4,1° 1,6° 10,8°	-12°
	Longitude 6,63°
Ulm	Latitude: 48,38°	-6,7° -4,0°	-1,3°	1,3° 13,9° -9,9°
	Longitude 9,97°
■ Austria
Bregenz	Latitude: 47,50°	-7,1° -4,3°	-1,6° 1,1° 14,2°	-10,4°
	Longitude 9,75°
Graz	Latitude: 47,07°	-2,0° 0,9°	3,6° 6,4° 18,8°	-5,4°
	Longitude 15,45°
Innsbruck	Latitude: 47,27°	-5,7° -2,9°	-0,1° 2,6° 15,6°	-9°
	Longitude 11,38°
Klagenfurt	Latitude: 46,63°	-3,1° -0,2°	2,7° 5,4° 18,4°	-6,5°
	Longitude 14,33°
Lienz	Latitude: 46,83°	-4,5° -1,6°	1,2° 4,0° 16,9°	-7,9°
	Longitude 12,77°
Linz	Latitude: 48,30°	-2,9° -0,2°	2,5° 5,1° 17,2°	-6,2°
	Longitude 14,30°
Salzburg	Latitude: 47,80°	-4,1° -1,3°	1,4° 4,1° 16,6°	-7,4°
	Longitude 13,03°
Wien	Latitude: 48,20°	-1,1° 1,7° 4,	3° 6,9° 18,8°	-4,4°
	Longitude 16,37°
■ Switzerland
Bern	Latitude: 46,95°	-9,2° -6,5°	-3,7° -1,0° 12,5°	-10,8°
	Longitude 9,50°
Genf	Latitude: 46,20°	-10,7° -7,9°	-5,1° -2,2° 11,7°	-14°
	Longitude 6,15°
Locarno	Latitude: 46,17°	-8,3° -5,4°	-2,6° 0,3° 14,0°	-11,7°
	Longitude 8,78°
Zürich	Latitude: 47,37°	-8,2° -5,4°	-2,7° 0,0° 13,2°	-11,5°
	Longitude 8,53°

Satellite

ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 19,2°/16,0°

Eutelsat W2/Hotbird 16°/13°

Hotbird/Eutelsat W2A 13°/10°

Eutelsat W2A/W3A 10°/7°

Atlantik Bird 3/2 -5,0°/-8,0°

ASTRA/ASTRA 23,5°/19,2°

Benelux Countries

Brügge (B)	Latitude: 51,22°		-11,1° -8,8°	-6,5° -4,2° 7,6°	-13,9°
	Longitude 3,22°
Brüssel (B)	Latitude: 50,85°		-10,4° -8,1°	-5,7° -3,3° 8,6°	-13,3°
	Longitude 4,35°
Den Haag (NL)	Latitude: 52,12°		-10,0° -7,8°	-5,5° -3,2° 8,2°	-12,8°
	Longitude 4,28°
Eindhoven (NL)	Latitude: 51,43°		-9,4° -7,1°	-4,7° -2,4° 9,3°	-12,2°
	Longitude 5,47°
Enschede (NL)	Latitude: 52,22°		-8,1° -5,8°	-3,5° -1,2° 10,0°	-10,9°
	Longitude 6,88°
Groningen (NL)	Latitude: 53,25°		-8,0° -5,8°	-3,6° -1,4° 9,5°	-10,7°
	Longitude 6,58°
Luxemburg (L)	Latitude: 49,62°		-9,5° -7,0°	-4,5° -2,0° 10,4°	-12,5°
	Longitude 6,15°
Maastricht (NL)	Latitude: 50,83°		-9,4° -7,1°	-4,7° -2,3° 9,6°	-12,3°
	Longitude 5,67°

France

Bastia	Latitude: 42,67°		-8,6° -5,4°	-2,2° 1,1° 16,4°	-12,5°
	Longitude 9,50°
Bayonne	Latitude: 43,50°		-18,6° -15,9°	-13,1° -10,2°	5,2° -19,6°
	Longitude -1,47°
Bordeaux	Latitude: 44,83°		-17,1° -14,5°	-11,8° -8,9° 5,9°	-20,5°
	Longitude -0,60°
Brest	Latitude: 48,40°		-18,1° -15,9°	-13,6° -11,2° 1,7°	-21°
	Longitude -4,52°
Calais	Latitude: 50,95°		-12,2°	-9,9° -7,6°	-5,3° 6,7°	-15°
	Longitude 1,93°
Clermont-Ferrand	Latitude: 45,77°		-13,5° -10,8°	-8,0°	-5,2°	9,1° -16,9°
	Longitude 3,07°
Dijon	Latitude: 47,33°		-11,2° -8,5°	-5,9° -3,2° 10,3°	-14,4°
	Longitude 5,05°
Le Havre	Latitude: 49,50°		-14,2° -11,8°	-9,5° -7,1°	5,5° -17,1°
	Longitude 0,08°
Limoges	Latitude: 45,83°		-15,1° -12,4°	-9,7° -6,9° 7,4°	-18,3°
	Longitude 1,25°
Lyon	Latitude: 45,77°		-12,0°	-9,2° -6,4°	-3,5° 10,7°	-15,4°
	Longitude 4,83°
Marseille	Latitude: 43,30°		-12,5° -9,5°	-6,4° -3,3° 12,2°	-16,2°
	Longitude 5,38°
Metz	Latitude: 49,13°		-9,6° -7,1°	-4,6° -2,0° 10,6°	-12,7°
	Longitude 6,17°
Nantes	Latitude: 47,20°		-16,6° -14,1°	-11,7°	-9,1°	4,5° -19,7°
	Longitude -1,55°

Satellite

ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 19,2°/16,0°

Eutelsat W2/Hotbird 16°/13°

Hotbird/Eutelsat W2A 13°/10°

Eutelsat W2A/W3A 10°/7°

Atlantik Bird 3/2 -5,0°/-8,0°

ASTRA/ASTRA 23,5°/19,2°

■ France (continued)

Nizza	Latitude: 43,70°		-10,6° -7,5°	-4,4° -1,3° 13,8°	-14,2°
	Longitude 7,23°
Orleans	Latitude: 47,90°		-13,6° -11,0°	-8,5° -5,9° 7,4°	-16,7°
	Longitude 1,87°
Paris	Latitude: 48,83°		-12,8° -10,3°	-7,9° -5,3° 7,6°	-15,8°
	Longitude 2,33°
Reims	Latitude: 49,25°		-11,3° -8,8°	-6,3° -3,8° 8,8°	-14,3°
	Longitude 4,02°
Rennes	Latitude: 48,12°		-16,2° -13,8°	-11,4° -8,9° 4,3°	-19,2°
	Longitude -1,68°
Toulouse	Latitude: 43,62°		-16,0° -13,2°	-10,3° -7,3° 8,2°	-19,5°
	Longitude 1,45°
Tours	Latitude: 47,37°		-14,8° -12,2°	-9,7° -7,1° 6,5°	-17,9°
	Longitude 0,67°

■ Unigted Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Aberdeen	Latitude: 57,15°		-12,1° -10,3°	-8,5° -6,7° 2,8°	-14,3°
	Longitude	-2,10°
Belfast	Latitude: 54,58°		-15,6° -13,7°	-11,9° -9,9° 0,4°	-17,9°
	Longitude	-5,93°
Birmingham	Latitude: 52,50°		-14,1° -12,1°	-10,0° -7,8° 3,5°	-16,7°
	Longitude	-1,92°
Bristol	Latitude: 51,43°		-15,1° -13,0°	-10,8° -8,6° 3,1°	-17,8°
	Longitude	-2,58°
Glasgow	Latitude: 55,87°		-13,9° -12,1°	-10,3°	-8,4° 1,5° -16,2°
	Longitude	-4,23°
London	Latitude: 51,50°		-13,4° -11,2°	-9,0° -6,7° 5,0°	-16,1°
	Longitude	-0,08°
Manchester	Latitude: 53,50°		-13,9° -11,9°	-9,9° -7,8° 3,1°	-16,4°
	Longitude	-2,25°
Newcastle	Latitude: 54,22°		-15,7° -13,9°	-12,0° -10,0° 0,4°	-18,1°
	Longitude	-5,90°
Norwich	Latitude: 52,63°		-11,9° -9,8°	-7,6° -5,4° 5,8°	-14,6°
	Longitude	1,28°
Plymouth	Latitude: 50,38°		-16,7° -14,6°	-12,4°		-10,2°	1,9° -19,5°
	Longitude	-4,15°

Italy

Ancona	Latitude: 43,62°		-4,3° -1,0°	2,1°	5,2°	19,3° -8,1°
	Longitude 13,50°
Bari	Latitude: 41,10°		-0,8° 2,7°	6,1°	9,4°	23,7° -5,1°
	Longitude 16,87°
Bologna	Latitude: 44,50°		-6,3° -3,2°	-0,2° 2,9° 17,0°	-10°
	Longitude 11,33°
Bozen	Latitude: 46,50°		-5,9° -3,0°	-0,2° 2,7° 15,9°	-9,3°
	Longitude 11,33°

Satellite		ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 19,2°/16,0°	Eutelsat W2/Hotbird 16°/13°	Hotbird/Eutelsat W2A 13°/10°	Eutelsat W2A/W3A 10°/7°	Atlantik Bird 3/2 -5,0°/-8,0°	ASTRA/ASTRA 23,5°/19,2°
■ Italy (continued)
Cagliari	Latitude: 39,25°	-10,2° -6,5°	-2,9° 0,7° 17,9°	-14,5°
	Longitude 9,10°
Catania	Latitude: 37,52°	-3,3° 0,7°	4,6° 8,4° 24,8°	-8,1°
	Longitude 15,07°
Cosenza	Latitude: 39,28°	-1,7° 2,1° 5	7,9° 9,3° 24,5°	-6,2°
	Longitude 16,23°
Florenz	Latitude: 43,78°	-6,5° -3,4°	-0,3° 2,8° 17,3°	-10,3°
	Longitude 11,25°
Foggia	Latitude: 41,47°	-2,3° 1,1° 4	5° 7,8° 22,4°	-6,5°
	Longitude 15,52°
Genua	Latitude: 44,40°	-8,7° -5,6°	-2,6° 0,4° 15,0°	-12,3°
	Longitude 8,93°
Mailand	Latitude: 45,47°	-8,1° -5,2°	-2,3° 0,7° 14,7°	-11,6°
	Longitude 9,17°
Neapel	Latitude: 40,83°	-3,8° -0,3°	3,2° 6,6° 21,8°	-8,1°
	Longitude 14,28°
Palermo	Latitude: 38,13°	-5,4° -1,5°	2,3° 6,1° 22,8°	-10°
	Longitude 13,33°
Pescara	Latitude: 42,47°	-3,7° -0,3°	2,9° 6,2° 20,6°	-7,7°
	Longitude 14,22°
Rimini	Latitude: 44,05°	-5,2° -2,0°	1,1°	4,1° 18,3°	-8,9°
	Longitude 12,55°
Rom	Latitude: 41,90°	-5,6° -2,2°	1,1° 4,4° 19,5°	-9,7°
	Longitude 12,50°
Sassari	Latitude: 40,73°	-10,2° -6,8°	-3,4° 0,1° 16,5°	-14,3°
	Longitude 8,55°
Taranto	Latitude: 40,50°	-0,5°	3,1° 6,6°	9,9° 24,4° -4,8°
	Longitude 17,18°
Turin	Latitude: 45,07°	-9,7° -6,7°	-3,8° -0,8°	13,5° -13,2°
	Longitude 7,67°
Trieste	Latitude: 45,65°	-3,7° -0,7°	2,2° 5,1° 18,3°	-7,3°
	Longitude 13,75°
Venedig	Latitude: 45,45°	-5,1° -2,1°	0,8°	3,7° 17,3° -8,7°
	Longitude 12,33°
Verona	Latitude: 45,45°	-6,4°	-3,4° -0,5°	2,4° 16,2° -10°
	Longitude 11,00°
■ Spain
Albacete	Latitude: 39,00°	-21,8°	-18,8°	-15,6°	-12,3°	5,7°	-25,3°
	Longitude -1,83°
Algeciras	Latitude: 36,15°	-27,2°	-24,3°	-21,3°	-18,0° 1,4°	-31,5°
	Longitude -5,47°
Alicante	Latitude: 38,38°	-20,9°	-17,8°	-14,5° -11,1°	7,5° -25°
	Longitude -0,50°

Satellite

ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 19,2°/16,0°

Eutelsat W2/Hotbird 16°/13°

Hotbird/Eutelsat W2A 13°/10°

Eutelsat W2A/W3A 10°/7°

Atlantik Bird 3/2 -5,0°/-8,0°

ASTRA/ASTRA 23,5°/19,2°

■ Spain (continued)

Almeria	Latitude: 36,87°		-23,9° -20,8°	-17,5° -14,0°	5,3° -28,1°
	Longitude -2,45°
Avila	Latitude: 40,65°		-23,2° -20,5°	-17,7° -14,7°	2,1° -26,9°
	Longitude -4,72°
Badajoz	Latitude: 38,83°		-26,4° -23,8°	-21,0° -18,0°	-0,6° -30,3°
	Longitude -6,98°
Barcelona	Latitude: 41,35°		-16,5° -13,5°	-10,3° 7,1° 9,6°	-29,3°
	Longitude 2,17°
Burgos	Latitude: 42,35°		-21,2° -18,5°	-15,8° -12,9°	3,1° -24,7°
	Longitude -3,68°
Cadiz	Latitude: 36,50°		-27,7° -24,9°	-21,9° -18,7°	0,2° -31,9°
	Longitude -6,33°
Cartagena	Latitude: 37,63°		-21,9° -18,7°	-15,4° -11,9°	7,1° -26,1°
	Longitude -0,98°
Cordoba	Latitude: 37,83°		-25,3° -22,5°	-19,5° -16,3°	2,1° -29,4°
	Longitude -4,83°
Gijon	Latitude: 43,53°		-22,0° -19,5°	-17,0° -14,3°	0,8° -25,4°
	Longitude -5,70°
Granada	Latitude: 37,17°		-24,7° -21,7°	-18,6° -15,2°	3,8° -28,9°
	Longitude -3,58°
Ibiza	Latitude: 38,90°		-18,7° -15,4°	-12,1° -8,6°	9,6° -22,7°
	Longitude 1,43°
La Coruna	Latitude: 43,33°		-24,2° -21,9°	-19,4° -16,8°	-2,0°	-27,6°
	Longitude -8,42°
Madrid	Latitude: 40,42°		-22,5° -19,8°	-16,9° -13,8°	3,2° -26,3°
	Longitude -3,75°
Malaga	Latitude: 36,72°		-25,8° -22,8°	-19,7° -16,4°	2,8°	-30°
	Longitude -4,38°
Palma de Mallorca	Latitude: 39,58°		-17,0° -13,8°	-10,4° -7,0°	10,8° -21,1°
	Longitude 2,65°
Salamanca	Latitude: 40,97°		-23,7° -21,1°	-18,4° -15,5°	1,0°	-27,4°
	Longitude -5,65
San Sebastian	Latitude: 43,28°		-19,2° -16,5°	-13,7° -10,8°	4,8° -22,6°
	Longitude -1,97°
Santa Cruz del Retamar	Latitude: 41,33°		-22,3° -19,6°	-16,8° -13,9°	2,6°	-26°
	Longitude -4,23°
Santander	Latitude: 43,45°		-20,6° -18,0°	-15,4° -12,6°	2,8°	-24°
	Longitude -3,85°
Sevilla	Latitude: 37,38°		-26,7°	-23,9° -21,0°	-17,8° 0,7°	-30,8°
	Longitude -6,00°
Valencia	Latitude: 39,45°		-20,1° -17,0°	-13,9° -10,5°	7,3° -24,1°
	Longitude -0,38°
Valladolid	Latitude: 41,63°		-22,5°	-19,9°	-17,1°	-14,2°	2,0°	-26,1°
	Longitude -4,72°

Satellite		ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 19,2°/16,0°	Eutelsat W2/Hotbird 16°/13°	Hotbird/Eutelsat W2A 13°/10°	Eutelsat W2A/W3A 10°/7°	Atlantik Bird 3/2 -5,0°/-8,0°	ASTRA/ASTRA 23,5°/19,2°
■ Spain (continued)
Vigo	Latitude: 42,20°	-25,2° -22,8°	-20,4° -17,7°	-2,4° -28,7°
	Longitude -8,68°
Zaragoza	Latitude: 41,65°	-19,2° -16,3°	-13,4° -10,3°	6,2° -22,9°
	Longitude -0,88°
■ Portugal
Beja	Latitude: 38,03°	-27,7° -25,1°	-22,4° -19,4°	-1,8° -31,8°
	Longitude -7,88°
Braganca	Latitude: 41,80°	-24,1° -21,6°	-19,0° -16,2°	-0,4° -27,7°
	Longitude -6,83°
Coimbra	Latitude: 40,25°	-26,5° -24,0°	-21,4° -18,6°	-2,3° -30,2°
	Longitude -8,45°
Faro	Latitude: 37,03°	-28,6° -25,9°	-23,1° -20,1°	-1,9° -32,8°
	Longitude -7,92°
Lissabon	Latitude: 38,70°	-28,2° -25,7°	-23,1° -20,3°	-3,3° -32,2°
	Longitude -9,17°
Porto	Latitude: 41,13°	-26,0° -23,6°	-21,0° -18,3°	-2,5° -29,6°
	Longitude -8,67°
■ Slovenia
Bled	Latitude: 46,40°	-3,3° -0,4°	2,5° 5,3°	18,1°	-6,8°
	Longitude 14,10°
Ljubljana	Latitude: 46,10°	-3,0° 0,0°	2,9°	5,7° 18,6°	-6,5°
	Longitude 14,50°
Maribor	Latitude: 46,60°	-1,9° 1,0°	3,8°	6,6°	19,2°	-5,4°
	Longitude 15,60°
■ Croatia
Dubrovnik	Latitude: 42,60°	0,5° 3,9°	7,1°	10,2° 23,6° -3,5°
	Longitude 18,10°
Koper	Latitude: 45,50°	-3,8° -0,8°	2,1°	5,0°	18,4°	-7,4°
	Longitude 13,70°
Osijek	Latitude: 45,50°	1,1°	4,1°	7,0°	9,8°	22,1°	-2,6°
	Longitude 18,70°
Pula	Latitude: 44,80°	-3,8°	-0,7°	2,3° 5,3°	8,9° -7,5°
	Longitude 13,80°
Rijeka	Latitude: 14,40°	-3,1° -0,1°	2,8°	5,8°	19,0° -6,8°
	Longitude 13,80°
Split	Latitude: 43,50°	-1,3°	2,0°	5,1°	8,2°	21,7°	-5,2°
	Longitude 16,40°
Zadar	Latitude: 44,10°	-2,5°	0,7°	3,8° 6,8°	20,4° -6,3°
	Longitude 15,20°
Zagreb	Latitude: 45,80°	-1,5°	1,4°	4,3°	7,2°	19,9°	-5,1°
	Longitude 16,00°
■ Serbia
Belgrad	Latitude: 44,80°	2,9° 6,0°	8,9°	11,7°	23,8° -0,8°
	Longitude 20,50°
Novisad	Latitude: 45,20°	2,2°	5,2°	8,1°	10,9°	23,1°	-1,5°
	Longitude 19,80°
■ Montenegro
Podgorica	Latitude: 42,40°	1,8° 5,2°	8,4° 11,5° 24,7°	-2,2°
	Longitude 19,30°
■ Macedonia
Skopje	Latitude: 42,00°	4,4° 7,7°	10,9° 13,9° 26,6°	-0,3°
	Longitude 21,60°
■ Bosnia-Herzegovina
Sarajevo	Latitude: 43,80°	0,8° 4,0°	7,1° 10,1° 23,0°	-3°
	Longitude 18,40°
■ Hungary
Budapest	Latitude: 47,50°	1,4° 4,2°	6,8° 9,5° 21,1°	-2°
	Longitude 19,10°
Debrecen	Latitude: 47,50°	3,6° 6,4°	9,0° 11,6° 22,7°	+0,2°
	Longitude 21,60°
Pecs	Latitude: 46,10°	0,6° 3,5°	6,4° 9,1° 21,4°	-3°
	Longitude 18,20°
Györ	Latitude: 47,70°	0,0° 2,8°	5,5° 8,1° 19,9°	-3,4°
	Longitude 17,60°
Szeged	Latitude: 46,20°	2,4° 5,3°	8,1° 10,8° 22,6°	-1,2°
	Longitude 20,10°
Szekesfehevar	Latitude: 47,10°	0,7° 3,6°	6,3° 9,0° 20,8°	-2,7°
	Longitude 18,40°
■ Czech Republic
Brno	Latitude: 49,10°	-0,9° 1,8°	4,4° 6,9° 18,4°	-4,1°
	Longitude 16,60°
Budweis	Latitude: 49,00°	-2,7° 0,0°	2,6° 5,1° 17,0°	-5,9°
	Longitude 14,50°
Cheb	Latitude: 50,10°	-4,3° -1,7°	0,7° 3,2° 14,9°	-7,4°
	Longitude 12,40°
Karlsbad	Latitude: 50,20°	-3,9° -1,3°	1,2° 3,6° 15,2°	-6,9°
	Longitude 12,90°
Ostrau	Latitude: 49,80°	0,6° 3,2°	5,7° 8,1° 19,1°	-2,6°
	Longitude 18,30°
Pilzen	Latitude: 49,80°	-3,5° -0,9°	1,6° 4,1° 15,8°	-6,6°
	Longitude 13,40°
Prag	Latitude: 50,10°	-2,7° -0,1°	2,4° 4,9° 16,3°	-5,7°
	Longitude 14,40°
■ Slovakia
Pressburg	Latitude: 48,20°	-0,5° 2,2°	4,9°	7,5° 19,2°	-3,8°
	Longitude 17,00°
Kosice	Latitude: 48,70°	3,2° 5,9°	8,4° 10,9° 21,7°	0°
	Longitude 21,30°

Multi-feed Application 6° Orbital Spacing

Satellite		ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 23,5°/16,0°	ASTRA/Hotbird 19,2°/13°	Eutelsat W2/Eutelsat W2A 16°/10°	Hotbird/Eutelsat W3A 13°/7°
■ Germany
Bad Reichenhall	Latitude: 47,72°	-6,1° -2,9° -0,1°	2,6°
	Longitude 12,90°
Berlin	Latitude: 52,50°	-4,8° -2,0° 0,3°	2,6°
	Longitude 13,42°
Bremen	Latitude: 53,07°	-8,0° -5,4° -3,1°	-0,9°
	Longitude 8,83°
Cottbus	Latitude: 51,75°	-4,2° -1,4° 1,0°	3,4°
	Longitude 14,33°
Dortmund	Latitude: 51,50°	-9,5° -6,7° -4,3°	-2,0°
	Longitude 7,47°
Dresden	Latitude: 51,05°	-4,8° -1,9° 0,6°	3,0°
	Longitude 13,73°
Emden	Latitude: 53,35°	-9,1° -6,5° -4,3°	-2,1°
	Longitude 7,20°
Erfurt	Latitude: 50,97°	-6,9° -4,1° -1,6°	0,8°
	Longitude 11,03°
Flensburg	Latitude: 54,78°	-7,1° -4,6° -2,5°	-0,4°
	Longitude 9,45°
Frankfurt/Main	Latitude: 50,12°	-9,0° -6,1° -3,6°	-1,1°
	Longitude 8,68°
Freiburg/Brsg.	Latitude: 48,00°	-10,4° -7,3° -4,6°	-1,9°
	Longitude 7,83°
Greifswald	Latitude: 54,08°	-4,6° -2,0° 0,3°	2,4°
	Longitude 13,38°
Hamburg	Latitude: 53,55°	-7,1° -4,5° -2,2°	0,0°
	Longitude 9,98°
Hannover	Latitude: 52,37°	-7,5° -4,8° -2,5°	-0,2°
	Longitude 9,77°
Kassel	Latitude: 51,30°	-8,1° -5,3° -2,8°	-0,5°
	Longitude 9,43°
Kiel	Latitude: 54,32°	-6,8° -4,2° -2,0°	0,1°
	Longitude 10,13°
Koblenz	Latitude: 50,33°	-9,9° -7,0° -4,5°	-2,1°
	Longitude 7,50°
Leipzig	Latitude: 51,30°	-5,8° -3,0° -0,5°	1,9°
	Longitude 12,37°
Magdeburg	Latitude: 52,12°	-6,2° -3,4° -1,1°	1,3°
	Longitude 11,63°
Mönchengladbach	Latitude: 51,18°	-10,4° -7,6° -5,2°	-2,8°
	Longitude 6,45°
München	Latitude: 48,13°	-7,2° -4,0° -1,3°	1,4°
	Longitude 11,57°
Neubrandenburg	Latitude: 53,55°	-4,7° -2,1° 0,2°	2,4°
	Longitude 13,25°
Nürnberg	Latitude: 49,45°	-7,3° -4,3° -1,7°	0,9°
	Longitude 11,05°
Osnabrück	Latitude: 52,28°	-8,8° -6,1° -3,8°	-1,5°
	Longitude 8,05°
■ Germany (continued)
Passau	Latitude: 48,57°	-5,5° -2,3° 0,4°	3,0°
	Longitude 13,47°
Pirmasens	Latitude: 49,20°	-10,2° -7,2° -4,6°	-2,1°
	Longitude 7,60°
Plauen	Latitude: 50,50°	-6,2° -3,2° -0,7°	1,7°
	Longitude 12,13°
Ravensburg	Latitude: 47,77°	-9,0° -5,8° -3,1°	-0,4°
	Longitude 9,60°
Regensburg	Latitude: 49,02°	-6,5° -3,4° -0,8°	1,8°
	Longitude 12,10°
Rostock	Latitude: 54,08°	-5,4° -2,8° -0,6°	1,5°
	Longitude 12,13°
Stuttgart	Latitude: 48,80°	-9,0° -6,0° -3,3°	-0,7°
	Longitude 9,18°
Trier	Latitude: 49,75°	-10,8° -7,9° -5,3°	-2,8°
	Longitude 6,63°
Ulm	Latitude: 48,38°	-8,5° -5,4° -2,7°	0,0°
	Longitude 9,97°
■ Austria
Bregenz	Latitude: 47,50°	-9,0° -5,7° -3,0°	-0,2°
	Longitude 9,75°
Graz	Latitude: 47,07°	-4,0° -0,6° 2,3°	5,0°
	Longitude 15,45°
Innsbruck	Latitude: 47,27°	-7,6° -4,3° -1,5°	1,3°
	Longitude 11,38°
Klagenfurt	Latitude: 46,63°	-5,1° -1,7° 1,2°	4,0°
	Longitude 14,33°
Lienz	Latitude: 46,83°	-6,4° -3,1° -0,2°	2,6°
	Longitude 12,77°
Linz	Latitude: 48,30°	-4,8° -1,6° 1,1°	3,8°
	Longitude 14,30°
Salzburg	Latitude: 47,80°	-6,0° -2,8° 0,0°	2,7°
	Longitude 13,03°
Wien	Latitude: 48,20°	-3,0° 0,2° 3,0°	5,6°
	Longitude 16,37°
■ Switzerland
Bern	Latitude: 46,95°	-11,1° -7,9° -5,1°	-2,3°
	Longitude 7,47°
Genf	Latitude: 46,20°	-12,5°	-9,3° -6,5° -3,7°
	Longitude 6,15°
Locarno	Latitude: 46,17°	-10,2°	-6,9° -4,0° -1,2°
	Longitude 8,78°
Zürich	Latitude: 47,37°	-10,0°	-6,9° -4,1° -1,3°
	Longitude 8,53°
■ Benelux countries
Brügge (B)	Latitude: 51,22°	-12,7° -10,0° -7	7° -5,4°
	Longitude 3,22°
Brüssel (B)	Latitude: 50,85°	-12,0° -9,3° -6,9°	-4,5°
	Longitude 4,35°
Den Haag (NL)	Latitude: 52,12°	-11,6° -9,0° -6,7°	-4,4°
	Longitude 4,28°
Eindhoven (NL)	Latitude: 51,43°	-11,0° -8,3° -5,9°	-3,6°
	Longitude 5,47°
Enschede (NL)	Latitude: 52,22°	-9,7° -7,0° -4,7°	-2,4°
	Longitude 6,88°
Groningen (NL)	Latitude: 53,25°	-9,6° -7,0° -4,7°	-2,5°
	Longitude 6,58°
Luxemburg (L)	Latitude: 49,62°	-11,2° -8,3° -5,7°	-3,2°
	Longitude 6,15°
Maastricht (NL)	Latitude: 50,83°	-11,1° -8,3° -5,9°	-3,5°
	Longitude 5,67°
■ France
Bastia	Latitude: 42,67°	-10,8° -7,0° -3,8°	-0,5°
	Longitude 9,50°
Bayonne	Latitude: 43,50°	-20,4° -17,3° -14,5°	-11,7°
	Longitude -1,47°
Bordeaux	Latitude: 44,83°	-18,9° -15,9° -13,1°	-10,4°
	Longitude -0,60°
Brest	Latitude: 48,40°	-19,6° -17,0° -14,7°	-12,4°
	Longitude -4,52°
Calais	Latitude: 50,95°	-13,7° -11,1° -8,8°	-6,4°
	Longitude 1,93°
Clermont-Ferrand	Latitude: 45,77°	-15,4° -12,2° -9,4°	-6,6°
	Longitude 3,07°
Dijon	Latitude: 47,33°	-13,0° -9,9° -7,2°	-4,5°
	Longitude 5,05°
Le Havre	Latitude: 49,50°	-15,8° -13,1° -10,7°	-8,3°
	Longitude 0,08°
Limoges	Latitude: 45,83°	-16,8° -13,8° -11,1°	-8,3°
	Longitude 1,25°
Lyon	Latitude: 45,77°	-13,9° -10,7° -7,8°	-5,0°
	Longitude 4,83°
Marseille	Latitude: 43,30°	-14,5° -11,0° -7,9°	-4,8°
	Longitude 5,38°
Metz	Latitude: 49,13°	-11,3° -8,4° -5,8°	-3,3°
	Longitude 6,17°
Nantes	Latitude: 47,20°	-18,2° -15,4° -12,9°	-10,4°
	Longitude -1,55°

Satellite

ASTRA/Eutelsat W223,5°/16,0°

ASTRA/Hotbird 19,2°/13°

Eutelsat W2/Eutelsat W2A 16°/10°

Hotbird/Eutelsat W3A 13°/7°

■ France (continued)

Nizza	Latitude: 43,70°	-12,6° -9,1° -6,0° -2,9°
	Longitude 7,23°
Orleans	Latitude: 47,90°	-15,3° -12,4° -9,8° -7,2°
	Longitude 1,87°
Paris	Latitude: 48,83	-14,5° -11,6° -9,1° -6,6°
	Longitude 2,33
Reims	Latitude: 49,25°	-13,0° -10,1° -7,6° -5,1°
	Longitude 4,02°
Rennes	Latitude: 48,12°	-17,8° -15,1° -12,6° -10,2°
	Longitude -1,68°
Toulouse	Latitude: 43,62°	-17,9° -14,6° -11,7° -8,8°
	Longitude 1,45°
Tours	Latitude: 47,37°	-16,5° -13,6° -11,0° -8,4°
	Longitude 0,67°

■ Unigted Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Aberdeen	Latitude: 57,15°	-13,3° -11,3° -9,4° -7,6°
	Longitude -2,10°
Belfast	Latitude: 54,58°	-16,8° -14,7° -12,8° -10,9°
	Longitude -5,93°
Birmingham	Latitude: 52,50°	-15,6° -13,2° -11,0° -8,9°
	Longitude -1,92°
Bristol	Latitude: 51,43°	-16,6° -14,1° -11,9° -9,7°
	Longitude -2,58°
Glasgow	Latitude: 55,87°	-15,1° -13,1° -11,2° -9,4°
	Longitude -4,23°
London	Latitude: 51,50°	-14,9° -12,3° -10,1° -7,8°
	Longitude -0,08°
Manchester	Latitude: 53,50°	-15,2° -12,9° -10,9° -8,8°
	Longitude -2,25°
Newcastle	Latitude: 54,22°	-17,0° -14,9° -13,0° -11,0°
	Longitude -5,90°
Norwich	Latitude: 52,63°	-13,4° -10,9° -8,7° -6,5°
	Longitude 1,28°
Plymouth	Latitude: 50,38°	-18,2° -15,7° -13,5° -11,3°
	Longitude -4,15°

Italy

Ancona	Latitude: 43,62°		-6,5° -2,7°	0,5°	3,6°
	Longitude 13,50°
Bari	Latitude: 41,10°		-3,3°	0,9°	4,4°	7,7°
	Longitude 16,87°
Bologna	Latitude: 44,50°		-8,4° -4,8° -1,7°	1,3°
	Longitude 11,33°
Bozen	Latitude: 46,50°		-7,8° -4,5° -1,6°	1,3°
	Longitude 11,33°

Satellite		ASTRA/Eutelsat W2 23,5°/16,0°	ASTRA/Hotbird 19,2°/13°	Eutelsat W2/ Eutelsat W2A 16°/10°	Hotbird/Eutelsat W3A 13°/7°
■ Italy (continued)
Cagliari	Latitude: 39,25°	-12,6° -8,4° -4,7° -1,1°
	Longitude 9,10°
Catania	Latitude: 37,52°	-6,0° -1,3° 2,7°	6,5°
	Longitude 15,07°
Cosenza	Latitude: 39,28°	-4,3° 0,2° 3,9°	7,5°
	Longitude 16,23°
Florenz	Latitude: 43,78°	-8,7° -5,0° -1,8°	1,3°
	Longitude 11,25°
Foggia	Latitude: 41,47°	-4,7° -0,7° 2,8°	6,2°
	Longitude 15,52°
Genua	Latitude: 44,40°	-10,7° -7,2° -4,1°	-1,1°
	Longitude 8,93°
Mailand	Latitude: 45,47°	-10,1° -6,7° -3,7°	-0,8°
	Longitude 9,17°
Neapel	Latitude: 40,83°	-6,2° -2,1° 1,5°	4,9°
	Longitude 14,28°
Palermo	Latitude: 38,13°	-8,0° -3,5° 0,4°	4,2°
	Longitude 13,33°
Pescara	Latitude: 42,47°	-6,0° -2,0° 1,3°	4,6°
	Longitude 14,22°
Rimini	Latitude: 44,05°	-7,3° -3,6° -0,5°	2,6°
	Longitude 12,55°
Rom	Latitude: 41,90°	-7,9° -4,0° -0,6°	2,8°
	Longitude 12,50°
Sassari	Latitude: 40,73°	-12,6° -8,6° -5,1°	-1,7°
	Longitude 8,55°
Taranto	Latitude: 40,50°	-3,0° 1,3° 4,8°	8,3°
	Longitude 17,18°
Turin	Latitude: 45,07°	-11,7° -8,2° -5,3°	-2,3°
	Longitude 7,67°
Trieste	Latitude: 45,65°	-5,8° -2,3° 0,7°	3,6°
	Longitude 13,75°
Venedig	Latitude: 45,45°	-7,2° -3,7° -0,7°	2,3°
	Longitude 12,33°
Verona	Latitude: 45,45°	-8,4° -5,0° -2,0°	1,0°
	Longitude 11,00°
■ Spain
Albacete	Latitude: 39,00°	-23,7°	-20,4°	-17,2°	-14,0°
	Longitude -1,83°
Algeciras	Latitude: 36,15°	-29,1°	-25,9°	-22,8°	-19,6°
	Longitude -5,47°
Alicante	Latitude: 38,38°	-23,0°	-19,4°	-0,7°	-12,8°
	Longitude -0,50°
■ Spain (continued)
Almeria	Latitude: 36,87°	-25,9° -22,4° -19,2° -15,8°
	Longitude -2,45°
Avila	Latitude: 40,65°	-25,0° -21,9° -19,1° -16,2°
	Longitude -4,72°
Badajoz	Latitude: 38,83°	-28,1° -25,2° -22,4° -19,5°
	Longitude -6,98°
Barcelona	Latitude: 41,35°	-18,6° -15,1° -11,9° -8,7°
	Longitude 2,17°
Burgos	Latitude: 42,35°	-22,9° -19,9° -17,2° -14,3°
	Longitude -3,68°
Cadiz	Latitude: 36,50°	-29,5° -26,4° -23,4° -20,4°
	Longitude -6,33°
Cartagena	Latitude: 37,63°	-24,0° -20,4° -17,1° -13,7°
	Longitude -0,98°
Cordoba	Latitude: 37,83°	-27,2° -24,0° -21,0° -17,9°
	Longitude -4,83°
Gijon	Latitude: 43,53°	-23,7° -20,9° -18,3° -15,6°
	Longitude -5,70°
Granada	Latitude: 37,17°	-26,6° -23,3° -20,2° -16,9°
	Longitude -3,58°
Ibiza	Latitude: 38,90°	-20,8° -17,1° -13,8° -10,4°
	Longitude 1,43°
La Coruna	Latitude: 43,33°	-25,7° -23,1° -20,7° -18,2°
	Longitude -8,42°
Madrid	Latitude: 40,42°	-24,4° -21,2° -18,3° -15,4°
	Longitude -3,75°
Malaga	Latitude: 36,72°	-27,7° -24,4° -21,3° -18,1°
	Longitude -4,38°
Palma de Mallorca	Latitude: 39,58°	-19,2° -15,5° -12,1° -8,7°
	Longitude 2,65°
Salamanca	Latitude: 40,97°	-25,5° -22,5° -19,8° -17,0°
	Longitude -5,65
San Sebastian	Latitude: 43,28°	-21,0° -17,9° -15,1° -12,3°
	Longitude -1,97°
Santa Cruz del Retamar	Latitude: 41,33°	-24,1° -21,1° -18,3° -15,4°
	Longitude -4,23°
Santander	Latitude: 43,45°	-22,3° -19,4° -16,7° -14,0°
	Longitude -3,85°
Sevilla	Latitude: 37,38°	-28,5° -25,4° 22,5° -19,4°
	Longitude -6,00°
Valencia	Latitude: 39,45°	-22,1° -18,7° -15,5° -12,2°
	Longitude -0,38°
Valladolid	Latitude: 41,63°	-24,3° -21,3° -18,5° -15,7°
	Longitude -4,72°
Vigo	Latitude: 42,20°	-26,7° -24,1° -21,6° -19,1°
	Longitude -8,68°
Zaragoza	Latitude: 41,65°	-21,1° -17,8° -14,9° -11,8°
	Longitude -0,88°
■ Portugal
Beja	Latitude: 38,03°	-29,4° -26,5° -23,8° -20,9°
	Longitude -7,88°
Braganca	Latitude: 41,80°	-25,7° -22,9° -20,3° -17,6°
	Longitude -6,83°
Coimbra	Latitude: 40,25°	-28,1° -25,3° -22,7° -20,1°
	Longitude -8,45°
Faro	Latitude: 37,03°	-30,3° -27,3° -24,6° -21,7°
	Longitude -7,92°
Lissabon	Latitude: 38,70°	-29,8° -27,1° -24,5° -21,7°
	Longitude -9,17°
Porto	Latitude: 41,13°	-27,6° -24,8° -22,3° -19,7°
	Longitude -8,67°
■ Slovenia
Bled	Latitude: 46,40°	-5,3° -1,9° 1,0°	3,9°
	Longitude 14,10°
Ljubljana	Latitude: 46,10°	-5,0° -1,5° 1,4°	4,3°
	Longitude 14,50°
Maribor	Latitude: 46,60°	-3,9° -0,5° 2,4°	5,2°
	Longitude 15,60°
■ Croatia
Dubrovnik	Latitude: 42,60°	-1,8° 2,2° 5,5°	8,6°
	Longitude 18,10°
Koper	Latitude: 45,50°	-5,9° -2,3°	0,7°	3,6°
	Longitude 13,70°
Osijek	Latitude: 45,50°	-1,0°	2,5° 5,5° 8,4°
	Longitude 18,70°
Pula	Latitude: 44,80°	-5,9° -2,3°	0,8° 3,8°
	Longitude 13,80°
Rijeka	Latitude: 45,30°	-5,2° -1,7°	1,4° 4,3°
	Longitude 14,40°
Split	Latitude: 43,50°	-3,5° 0,3° 3,6°	6,6°
	Longitude 16,40°
Zadar	Latitude: 44,10°	-4,6°	-0,9°	2,3° 5,3°
	Longitude 15,20°
Zagreb	Latitude: 45,80°	-3,6° -0,1°	2,9° 5,8°
	Longitude 16,00°
■ Serbia
Belgrad	Latitude: 44,80°	0,8° 4,4° 7,4°	10,3°
	Longitude 20,50°
Novisad	Latitude: 45,20°	0,0° 3,6° 6,6°	9,5°
	Longitude 19,80°
■ Montenegro
Podgorica	Latitude: 42,40°	-0,5° 3,5° 6,8°	9,9°
	Longitude 19,30°
■ Macedonia
Skopje	Latitude: 42,00°	2,0° 6,0° 9,3°	12,4°
	Longitude 21,60°
■ Bosnia-Herzegovina
Sarajevo	Latitude: 43,80°	-1,4° 2,4° 5,6°	8,6°
	Longitude 18,40°
■ Hungary
Budapest	Latitude: 47,50°	-0,6° 2,7° 5,5°	8,2°
	Longitude 19,10°
Debrecen	Latitude: 47,50°	1,7° 5,0° 7,7°	0,3°
	Longitude 21,60°
Pecs	Latitude: 46,10°	-1,5° 2,0° 4,9°	7,7°
	Longitude 18,20°
Györ	Latitude: 47,70°	-1,9° 1,4° 4,1°	6,8°
	Longitude 17,60°
Szeged	Latitude: 46,20°	0,3° 3,8° 6,7°	9,4°
	Longitude 20,10°
Szekesfehevar	Latitude: 47,10°	-1,2° 2,1° 5,0°	7,7°
	Longitude 18,40°
■ Czech Republic
Brno	Latitude: 49,10°	-2,7° 0,4° 3,1°	5,6°
	Longitude 16,60°
Budweis	Latitude: 49,00°	-4,5° -1,4° 1,3°	3,9°
	Longitude 14,50°
Cheb	Latitude: 50,10°	-6,1° -3,1° -0,5°	2,0°
	Longitude 12,40°
Karlsbad	Latitude: 50,20°	-5,6° -2,6° -0,1°	2,4°
	Longitude 12,90°
Ostrau	Latitude: 49,80°	-1,2° 1,8° 4,4°	6,9°
	Longitude 18,30°
Pilzen	Latitude: 49,80°	-5,3° -2,3° 0,3°	2,8°
	Longitude 13,40°
Prag	Latitude: 50,10°	-4,4° -1,4° 1,2°	3,6°
	Longitude 14,40°
■ Slovakia
Pressburg	Latitude: 48,20°	-2,4° 0,8° 3,5°	6,2°
	Longitude 17,00°
Kosice	Latitude: 48,70°	1,4° 4,5° 7,2°	9,7°
	Longitude 21,30°