NSA210-1T - Server ZYXEL - Free user manual and instructions

Product Type	Network Attached Storage (NAS) Server
Brand	ZyXEL
Model	NSA210-1T
Processor	Marvell 88F6281 1.2 GHz
Memory	128 MB DDR2
Storage	1 x 3.5" SATA (drive not included)
Network Interface	Gigabit Ethernet (10/100/1000)
USB Ports	2 x USB 2.0
Dimensions (W x D x H)	157 x 105 x 30 mm
Weight	Approximately 300 g (without hard drive)
Power Supply	12 V DC, 2 A (external adapter)
Power Consumption	Typical 15 W
Cooling	Passive (fanless)
Main Functions	File sharing, backup, FTP server, media server, printer sharing, download manager
Supported File Systems	EXT3, EXT4, FAT32, NTFS (via USB)
Security	User/group management, folder permissions, HTTPS, FTP over SSL
Protection	Power loss protection: shutdown on low battery via UPS monitoring
Cleaning	Wipe with a dry soft cloth; avoid liquids and solvents
Operating Environment	Temperature: 0°C to 40°C; Humidity: 20% to 80% non-condensing
Mounting	Desktop or wall-mountable (screws not included)
Spare Parts / Repairability	Power adapter available as spare; hard drive user-replaceable; other components not user-serviceable
General Information	Manufacturer: ZyXEL Communications Corp. Package includes NSA210 unit, power adapter, Ethernet cable, Quick Start Guide, CD with utility software

Frequently Asked Questions - NSA210-1T ZYXEL

What is the ZyXEL NSA210-1T?

The ZyXEL NSA210-1T is a single-bay NAS server designed for home or small office use, providing centralized file storage, backup, and media streaming.

How do I access the NSA210-1T from my computer?

Connect the NSA210 to your network via Ethernet. Use the ZyXEL Storage Manager utility or enter the device's IP address in a web browser to access the web-based management interface.

What hard drives are compatible with the NSA210-1T?

The NSA210-1T supports any 3.5-inch SATA hard drive up to 2 TB (or larger depending on firmware). The drive is not included and must be installed by the user.

Can I use the NSA210-1T as a media server?

Yes, the NSA210-1T can act as a DLNA/UPnP media server, streaming photos, music, and videos to compatible devices like smart TVs, game consoles, and media players.

How do I reset the NSA210-1T to factory default?

Use a paperclip to press and hold the Reset button on the back panel for about 10 seconds until the power LED blinks. Release the button; the device will reboot with factory settings.

What security features does the NSA210-1T offer?

It provides user and group management, folder-level permissions, encrypted access via HTTPS, and FTP over SSL. It also supports scheduled power on/off and UPS monitoring.

Can I access my files remotely?

Yes, the NSA210-1T supports FTP and web-based file access. You can also set up a dynamic DNS for remote access over the internet.

How do I back up my computer to the NSA210-1T?

Use the bundled ZyXEL Backup Wizard or configure rsync or Time Machine (for macOS) to schedule automatic backups to a shared folder on the NAS.

What should I do if the NSA210-1T overheats?

Ensure the device is placed in a well-ventilated area away from heat sources. The unit is fanless, so avoid blocking the ventilation slots. If overheating persists, reduce workload or move to a cooler location.

How do I update the firmware on the NSA210-1T?

Download the latest firmware from the ZyXEL support website. In the web interface, go to Maintenance > Firmware Update, select the file, and click Upload. Do not power off during the update.

USER MANUAL NSA210-1T ZYXEL

About This User's Guide

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NSA using the Web Configurator.

Tips for Reading User's Guides On-Screen

When reading a ZyXEL User's Guide On-Screen, keep the following in mind:

• If you don't already have the latest version of Adobe Reader, you can download it from http://www.adobe.com.
• Use the PDF's bookmarks to quickly navigate to the areas that interest you. Adobe Reader's bookmarks pane opens by default in all ZyXEL User's Guide PDFs.
• If you know the page number or know vaguely which page-range you want to view, you can enter a number in the toolbar in Reader, then press [ENTER] to jump directly to that page.
• Type [CTRL]+[F] to open the Adobe Reader search utility and enter a word or phrase. This can help you quickly pinpoint the information you require. You can also enter text directly into the toolbar in Reader.
• To quickly move around within a page, press the [SPACE] bar. This turns your cursor into a "hand" with which you can grab the page and move it around freely on your screen.
• Embedded hyperlinks are actually cross-references to related text. Click them to jump to the corresponding section of the User's Guide PDF.

Related Documentation

- Quick Start Guide

The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get your NSA up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.

• Web Configurator Online Help

The embedded Web Help contains descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information.

Note: It is recommended you use the Web Configurator to configure the NSA.

- Support Disc

Refer to the included CD for support documents.

Documentation Feedback

Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: [e-mail]

Thank you!

The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp.,

6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.

Need More Help?

More help is available at www.zyxel.com.

- Download Library

Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better understand how to use your product.

- Knowledge Base

If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here. This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products.

- Forum

This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL products and share your experiences as well.

Customer Support

Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device.

See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.

• Product model and serial number.
- Warranty Information.
- Date that you received your device.

Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.

Document Conventions

Warnings and Notes

These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User's Guide.

Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.

Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.

Syntax Conventions

• The NSA may be referred to as the “NSA”, the “device” or the “system” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.

- “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.

- A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.

- Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.

- “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.

Icons Used in Figures

Figures in this User's Guide may use the following generic icons. The NSA icon is not an exact representation of your device.

Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.

NSA Computer Notebook computer
Server Television Firewall
Router Switch Wireless Access Point
Internet

Safety Warnings

• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
  • Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• CAUTION: RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY (on the motherboard) IS REPLACED BY AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS. Dispose them at the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. For detailed information about recycling of this product, please contact your local city office, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased the product.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.

Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately.

Contents Overview

User's Guide 21

Getting to Know Your NSA 23

NAS Starter Utility 29

Web Configurator Basics 53

Tutorials 77

Technical Reference 159

Status Screen 161

System Setting 165

Storage 171

Network 185

Applications 197

Package Management 247

Auto Upload 305

Users 321

Groups 329

Shares 333

Maintenance Screens 343

Protecting Your Data 367

Using Time Machine with the NSA 373

Troubleshooting 385

Product Specifications 409

Table of Contents

About This User's Guide....3

Document Conventions....6

Safety Warnings....8

Contents Overview 9

Table of Contents......11

Part I: User's Guide.... 21

Chapter 1

Getting to Know Your NSA....23

1.1 Overview 23
1.2 Firmware 25
1.3 Hard Disk 25
1.4 LEDs 26

1.4.1 COPY/SYNC Button 27

1.4.2 RESET Button 27

Chapter 2

NAS Starter Utility 29

2.1 Overview ...... 29
2.2 Starting the NAS Starter Utility 30
2.3 NAS Discovery Screen 31
2.4 Main NAS Starter Utility Screen 32
2.5 Initialization Wizard 33

2.5.1 Default Configuration 35
2.5.2 Manual Configuration 38
2.5.3 Directory of the NAS 44

2.6 Import Files or Folders with zPilot 45
2.7 Add a Network Drive to My Computer 46
2.8 Manage the Device 47
2.9 Configure Network Setting 47
2.10 NAS Starter Utility Icon Menu (Windows) 49
2.11 NAS Starter Utility Icon Menu (Mac) 50

Chapter 3

Web Configurator Basics....53

3.1 Overview 53
3.2 Accessing the NSA Web Configurator 53

3.2.1 Access the NSA Via NAS Starter Utility 53
3.2.2 Web Browser Access 54

3.3 Login 54

3.4 Home Screens 56

3.4.1 Now Playing (Music) 59
3.4.2 Video Playback 60
3.4.3 Exif and Google Maps (Photos) 61
3.4.4 Slideshow and CoolIris (Photos) 62
3.4.5 Favorite 62
3.4.6 File Browser 63
3.4.7 Share and Folder Names 67
3.4.8 Application Zone 68
3.4.9 System Settings 69

3.5 Administration Screens 71

3.5.1 Global Administration Icons 71
3.5.2 Navigation Panel 72
3.5.3 Main Window 74
3.5.4 Status Messages 74
3.5.5 Common Screen Icons 74
3.5.6 Session Example (Windows) 75

Chapter 4

Tutorials 77

4.1 Overview 77
4.2 Windows 7 Network ...... 77

4.2.1 If the NSA Icon Does Not Display 79
4.2.2 NSA Icon Right-click Options 80

4.3 Windows 7 Network Map 81
4.4 Playing Media Files in Windows 7 83
4.5 Windows 7 Devices and Printers 83

4.5.1 Windows 7 Desktop Shortcut 85

4.6 Creating a Volume 86

4.6.1 Creating a RAID 1 Volume 86
4.6.2 Migrate Button 87
4.6.3 Create a SATA Volume Button 87
4.6.4 Creating a PC Compatible Volume 89

4.7 Deleting a Volume 92

4.8 File Sharing Tutorials 93

4.8.1 Creating a User Account 93

4.8.2 Creating a Share 96
4.8.3 Creating a Group 97
4.8.4 Accessing a Share From Windows Explorer 98
4.8.5 Accessing a Share Using FTP 100
4.8.6 Accessing a Share Through the Web Configurator 102

4.9 Download Service Tutorial 103

4.9.1 Copying/Pasting a Download Link 103
4.9.2 Installing the Link Capture Browser Plugin 106
4.9.3 Using the Link Capture Browser Plugin 111
4.9.4 Configuring the Download Service Preferences 113
4.9.5 Using Download Service Notification 115

4.10 Broadcasting Tutorial 119
4.11 Printer Server Tutorial 122
4.12 Copy and Flickr Auto Upload Tutorial 124
4.13 FTP Uploadr Tutorial 125
4.14 Web Configurator's Security Sessions 130

4.14.1 Customizing the NSA's Certificate 130
4.14.2 Downloading and Installing Customized Certificate 132
4.14.3 Turn on the NSA's Web Security 136

4.15 Using FTPES to Connect to the NSA 142

4.16 Using a Mac to Access the NSA 143

4.16.1 Finder 144
4.16.2 Go Menu 145

4.17 How to Use BackupPlanner 146

4.17.1 Creating an Archive Backup 147
4.17.2 Creating a Synchronization Backup 150
4.17.3 Restoring Archived Files by Backup Job 153
4.17.4 Restoring by Backup Files 155

Part II: Technical Reference 159

Chapter 5 Status Screen....161

5.1 Overview 161
5.2 The Status Screen 161

Chapter 6 System Setting....165

6.1 Overview 165
6.2 What You Can Do 165
6.3 What You Need to Know 165

6.4 The Server Name Screen 166
6.5 The Date/Time Screen 167

Chapter 7

Storage....171

7.1 Overview 171
7.2 What You Can Do 171
7.3 What You Need to Know 171
7.4 The Storage Screen 173

7.4.1 Creating a SATA Volume 174
7.4.2 Editing a Volume 177
7.4.3 Creating a USB Volume 178

7.5 Storage Technical Reference 179

7.5.1 Choosing a Storage Method for a Volume 179
7.5.2 Storage Methods 180
7.5.3 Volume Status 181
7.5.4 Volumes and RAID 182
7.5.5 Disk Replacement Restrictions 182
7.5.6 External Disks 183

Chapter 8

Network 185

8.1 Overview 185
8.2 What You Can Do 185
8.3 What You Need to Know 185
8.4 The TCP/IP Screen 187
8.5 UPnP Port Mapping Screen 190

8.5.1 UPnP and the NSA's IP Address 191
8.5.2 UPnP and Security 191
8.5.3 The NSA's Services and UPnP 191
8.5.4 Configuring UPnP Port Mapping 192

8.6 The PPPoE Screen 194

Chapter 9

Applications 197

9.1 Overview 197
9.2 What You Can Do 197
9.3 What You Need to Know 198
9.4 FTP Server 200
9.5 The Media Server Screen 202

9.5.1 The Media Server Share Publish Screen 203
9.5.2 The Media Server ID3 Tag Decoding Screen 203
9.5.3 The Media Server iTunes Server Screen 205

9.5.4 The Media Server SqueezeCenter Screen 205

9.6 The Download Service Screen 206

9.6.1 Adding a Download Task 209

9.6.2 Configuring General Settings 212

9.6.3 Configuring the BitTorrent Settings 215

9.6.4 Edit IP Filter 216

9.6.5 Displaying the Task Information 218

9.7 The Web Publishing Screen 219

9.8 The Broadcatching Screen 221

9.8.1 Adding a Broadcatching Channel 223

9.8.2 Editing a Broadcasting Channel 227

9.9 The Print Server Screen 229

9.9.1 Print Server Rename 230

9.10 The Copy/Sync Button Screen 231

9.11 Technical Reference 232

9.11.1 Sharing Media Files on Your Network 232

9.11.2 Download Service 234

9.11.3 Link Capture Browser Plugin 234

9.11.4 Download Service Notification 235

9.11.5 BitTorrent Security 236

9.11.6 Web Publishing Example 238

9.11.7 Web Publishing 240

9.11.8 Channel Guides for Broadcasting 241

9.11.9 Printer Sharing 242

9.11.10 Copying Files 243

9.11.11 Synchronizing Files 244

Chapter 10

Package Management 247

10.1 Overview 247

10.2 What You Can Do 247

10.3 What You Need to Know 247

10.4 Package Management Screen 248

10.4.1 Displaying Package Information 251

10.5 eMule Screens 252

10.5.1 eMule Server Screen 252

10.5.2 Add Server 253

10.5.3 Edit Server 254

10.5.4 My Info 255

10.5.5 eMule Task Screen 256

10.5.6 Add Task 258

10.5.7 Preferences 260

10.5.8 Edit IP Filter 263

10.5.9 Share Browsing 264
10.5.10 Task Info 265
10.5.11 eMule Search Screen 267

10.6 DyDNS Screen 268

10.7 NFS Screen 269

10.7.1 Add/Edit NFS Share 271
10.7.2 NFS Session 272

10.8 SMART Screen 273

10.8.1 SMART Brief Summary 274
10.8.2 SMART Full Summary 275

10.9 Protect Screens 277

10.10 Backup Screens 277

10.10.1 Backup: Step 1 279
10.10.2 Backup: Step 2 281
10.10.3 Backup: Step 3 284
10.10.4 Backup: Step 4 285
10.10.5 Edit Job Screen 286
10.10.6 Edit Job: Step 1 287
10.10.7 Edit Job: Step 2 288
10.10.8 Restore Archive Screen 289
10.10.9 Restore Archive: Step 1 290
10.10.10 Restore Archive: Step 2 291
10.10.11 Restore Archive: Step 3 292

12.2 What You Can Do .... 321

12.3 The Users Screen 322

12.3.1 User Icons 323

12.3.2 Adding or Editing General Account Settings 324

12.3.3 Usernames 325

12.3.4 Account Quota Per Volume 326

12.3.5 Account Group Membership 327

12.4 Displaying User Info 328

Chapter 13

Groups 329

13.1 Overview 329

13.2 What You Can Do 329

13.3 The Groups Screen 329

13.3.1 Adding or Editing a Group 331

13.3.2 Group Names 332

Chapter 14

Shares 333

14.1 Overview 333

14.2 What You Can Do 333

14.3 The Shares Screen 334

14.3.1 Adding or Editing Share 336

14.3.2 Configuring Advanced Share Access 337

14.3.3 Public and ANONYMOUS Share Access Rights 338

14.4 The Recycle Bin Configuration Screen 339

14.4.1 Recycle Bins 339

14.4.2 Configuring Recycle Bins 339

14.5 The Share Browser Screen 340

14.5.1 Moving or Copying Files 342

Chapter 15

Maintenance Screens 343

15.1 Overview 343

15.2 What You Can Do 343

15.3 The Power Screen 344

15.3.1 Editing the Power Control Schedule Screen 346

15.4 The Log Screen 348

15.4.1 Report Config Screen 349
15.4.2 Email Setting 349
15.4.3 Report Setting 350
15.4.4 Syslog Server Setting 351

15.5 The Configuration Screen 352
15.6 SSL Certification 353
15.6.1 Modifying or Creating a Certificate 355
15.7 The Firmware Upgrade Screen 356
15.8 The Shutdown Screen 357
15.9 Technical Reference 358

15.9.1 Log Classes 358
15.9.2 Log Severity Levels 358
15.9.3 Log Messages 359

Chapter 16

Protecting Your Data....367

16.1 Overview 367
16.2 Protection Methods ...... 367
16.3 Configuration File Backup and Restoration 368
16.4 Memeo Autobackup 368

16.4.1 Memeo Autobackup Installation and Setup 368
16.4.2 Using Memeo Autobackup After the Initial Setup 371

Chapter 17

Using Time Machine with the NSA....373

17.1 Overview 373
17.2 Create an Account and a Share on the NSA 373
17.3 Set Time Machine to Support Network Volume 375
17.4 Mounting the NSA on the Mac 377
17.5 Creating a Sparse Bundle File for the NSA 378

17.5.1 Finding out Computer Name and MAC Address 378
17.5.2 Creating a Sparse Bundle File 379
17.5.3 Mounting the Sparse Bundle to the NSA 382

17.6 Using Time Machine 382

Chapter 18

Troubleshooting....385

18.1 Troubleshooting Overview 385
18.2 Power, Hardware, Connections, and LEDs 386
18.3 NAS Starter Utility 389
18.4 NSA Login and Access 390

18.4.1 Reset the NSA 392

18.4.2 Enabling Scripting of Safe ActiveX Controls 392

18.5 I Cannot Access The NSA 394

18.6 Users Cannot Access the NSA 395

18.7 Storage Volumes 397

18.8 External USB Drives 398

18.9 Firmware 398

18.10 File Transfer 398

18.11 Networking 399

18.12 Some Features' Screens Do Not Display 400

18.13 Media Server Functions 401

18.14 Download Service and Broadcasting Functions 404

18.15 Web Publishing 405

18.16 Auto Upload 406

18.17 Package Management 407

18.18 Backups 408

Chapter 19

Product Specifications 409

19.1 Physical Features 409

19.2 Firmware Features 410

19.3 Specification Tables 412

19.4 Supported Media Server Content Formats 416

19.5 Supported iTunes Server Content Formats 417

19.6 Power Consumption 417

Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer's IP Address....419

Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions....447

Appendix C Common Services 459

Appendix D Importing Certificates 463

Appendix E Open Source Licences....489

Appendix F Legal Information 639

Index......643

PART I

User's Guide

Getting to Know Your NSA

1.1 Overview

This chapter covers the main features and applications of the NSA.

Use the NSA210 to do the following.

• Share files between computers on your network.
• Back up files from your computers to the NSA.
• Use the COPY/ SYNC button to copy or synchronize files between the NSA and USB devices like card readers, MP3 players, mass storage devices, and digital cameras without using a computer.
• Have the NSA handle large file downloads.
• Automatically download files from website feeds for convenient viewing.
• Play the NSA's video, music and photo files on your computers using the included media client software.
• Play the NSA's video, music and photo files on hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500.
• Use the NSA's website to share files with remote users.
• Use iTunes on your computer to play video and music files stored on the NSA.
• Share printers.
• Automatically upload photo and video files to your FTP server, Flickr and YouTube accounts.

Figure 1 Example of the NSA in a Home Network

graph TD
    A["Internet"] --> B["Router"]
    C["Internet"] --> D["Computer"]
    E["Internet"] --> F["Desktop"]
    G["Internet"] --> H["RAM-2500"]
    I["Internet"] --> J["Computer"]
    K["USB HDD"] --> L["Server"]
    M["USB"] --> N["Server"]
    O["NSA"] --> P["Server"]

Above is the NSA in a home network. Users back up and share data on the NSA. The DMA-2500 plays the NSA's media files on the TV. A USB hard drive provides extra storage space and files are copied directly from the USB mass storage device to the NSA.

Place the NSA behind a firewall and/or IDP (Intrusion Detection and Prevention) device to protect it from attacks from the Internet.

Note: See Chapter 19 on page 409 for a more detailed list of NSA features and lists of compatible hard drives and USB devices.

Refer to the Quick Start Guide for hardware connections and how to install and remove hard drives from the disk trays.

Note: Turn off and disconnect the NSA before you install or remove the internal hard disk.

1.2 Firmware

Before you can start using your NSA, you have to install the firmware on the hard disk. Use the NAS Starter Utility to do this. See Chapter 2 on page 29 for more information on the NAS Starter Utility.

Figure 2 NSA210 Hard Disk Partition

The firmware includes the features mentioned in Section 3.5.2 on page 72. You can use the Package Management screen (Chapter 10 on page 247) to install more applications from a web location (specified in the firmware) to your NSA.

1.3 Hard Disk

Your NSA has one internal hard disk bay and one external SATA (eSATA) port. This allows you to connect one internal SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) hard disk and one eSATA hard disk (optional).

After installing the firmware on the internal hard disk, it is configured as a JBOD volume by default. JBOD stands for Just a Bunch Of Disk and in this storage method, all disk space is used for your data - none is used for backup. If you are not using an eSATA hard disk, JBOD is the only storage method you can use.

If you attach an eSATA (external SATA) hard disk, you can create a RAID 1 volume. RAID 1 allows data recovery in case your hard disk fails. To create a RAID 1 volume on the NSA, you must delete the JBOD volume created by the firmware. Refer to Section 7.4 on page 173 for the Storage screen where you can create the RAID 1 volume.

The eSATA hard disk can also be configured as a JBOD or a PC Compatible Volume. See Section 7.5.2 on page 180 for more information on these storage methods.

Note that both SATA and eSATA hard disks are treated as internal or SATA volumes in the Storage screen (Section 7.4 on page 173). Any hard disk connected to the USB port(s) is considered an external or USB volume.

1.4 LEDs

The NSA LEDs (lights) tell you important information.

Figure 3 NSA Front Panel

This table describes the NSA's LEDs.

Table 1 LEDs

LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
POWER Blue On The	Blue On The	NSA is turned on and receiving power.
		Off The NSA is turned off.
SYSTEM Green On The	Green On The	The NSA has fully started and is operating normally.
		Blinking The NSA is starting up or upgrading the firmware.
	Red On The	The NSA has failed.
HDD Green On The	On The	hard disk drive is connected properly to the NSA.
		Blinking The NSA is saving data to the hard disk drive.
	Red On The	the hard disk drive has failed and the NSA can no longer detect it.
USB Green	On The hard disk drive is connected properly to the NSA.
	Red On The hard disk drive has failed and the NSA can no longer detect it.
eSATA Green On The hard disk drive is connected properly to the NSA.
COPY Green On A USB device is connected to the NSA.

1.4.1 COPY/SYNC Button

Use the COPY/ SYNC button on the front panel to copy or synchronize files between a connected USB device and the NSA. See Section 9.10 on page 231 for more details on how to configure the copy/sync settings.

1.4.2 RESET Button

Use the RESET button on the rear panel to restore the NSA's default settings.

Figure 4 The RESET Button

graph LR
    A["Press"] --> B["1 Beep"]
    B --> C["2 Beeps"]
    C --> D["5 more seconds"]
    D --> E["Release to Clear All Settings"]
    B --> F["Release to Reset IP Address Password"]

- Press the RESET button until you hear one beep (after about two seconds), then release it. You will hear one more beep after you release the button. This resets the NSA's IP address and password to the default values.

- Press the RESET button until you hear two beeps. After the second beep, continue pressing the button for five more seconds, then release it. You will hear three quick beeps after you release the button.

This resets the NSA to the factory default configuration. All settings you have configured on the NSA, including IP address, password, user accounts, groups, and so on will be reset to the factory defaults.

The reset process does NOT affect the volume settings, nor data stored on the NSA.

You should periodically back up your configuration file to your computer (see Section 15.5 on page 352 for details about managing the NSA's configuration file). You could then restore your configuration in the event that you or someone else reset the NSA to the factory defaults.

Note: You should keep the NSA in a secure location in order to prevent unauthorized reset of the device.

NAS Starter Utility

2.1 Overview

The NAS Starter Utility descriptions are divided into the following sections:

• Starting the NAS Starter Utility on page 30
• NAS Discovery Screen on page 31
• Main NAS Starter Utility Screen on page 32
- Initialization Wizard on page 33
- Import Files or Folders with zPilot on page 45
- Add a Network Drive to My Computer on page 46
- Manage the Device on page 47
- Configure Network Setting on page 47
• NAS Starter Utility Icon Menu (Windows) on page 49
• NAS Starter Utility Icon Menu (Mac) on page 50

You must use the NAS Starter Utility each time you install a new hard disk on the NSA. The NAS Starter Utility:

• Discovers and accesses the NSA's Web Configurator when you connect the NSA for the first time to your computer or your network.
• Initializes the hard disk, which includes formatting it.
  • Installs the firmware on the hard disk in your NSA so you can start configuring the NSA.

The NAS Starter Utility formats the hard disk so that it installs the firmware on one partition and your data on another, as described in the following figure.

Figure 5 NSA210 Hard Disk Partition

Make sure you have a backup of any existing data in the hard disk before installing it in the NSA. The NSA reformats the hard disk so any data is lost.

The Windows version of the NAS Starter Utility works with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7. The Mac OS version works with Mac OS X 10.4 and later versions.

Note: Refer to the Quick Start Guide for your NSA's hardware connections and the steps for installing the NAS Starter Utility.

2.2 Starting the NAS Starter Utility

• The NAS Starter Utility broadcasts a request packet when you first run it. Each NSA has an NAS Starter Utility Agent that always listens and responds to requests from the NAS Starter Utility. The NAS Starter Utility receives the response packet that contains information, such as host name, IP, and so on.
• If you plan to use more than one NSA in your network, configure them with unique server names. This enables you to identify each NSA in the NAS Starter Utility screens.
• The NAS Starter Utility checks whether a hard disk is initialized or uninitialized. An initialized hard disk has the NSA firmware installed and can be used readily. An uninitialized hard disk can be a new hard disk or a used hard disk that has a different format than the NSA. In this case, the NSA has to initialize the hard disk by formatting it and installing the NSA firmware. All previous data is deleted so back up any files in the hard disk before installing it in the NSA.

2.3 NAS Discovery Screen

Use this screen to view the NSAs in your network. The NSA's default name is based on it's model name. See Section 2.9 on page 47 for how to change it to a more recognizable one in your network.

Start the NAS Starter Utility (click the icon in your Desktop or in Start > Programs > ZyXEL > NAS Starter Utility). The first time you open the NAS Starter Utility the discovery screen appears as follows.

Figure 6 NAS Discovery

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 2 NAS Discovery

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Click this	to refresh the screen. The NAS Starter Utility does not automatically refresh.
Hostname This is	the server name you configured for the NSA. If you have more than one NSA in your network, it is recommended that you give each one a unique name for identification purposes.If you have several NSAs connected to your computer/network, hover your mouse over the host name to view the details of each device. A box pops up containing details about the NSA.Hostname shows the NSA's configured server name.IP shows the NSA's current IP address.MAC Address shows the NSA's unique physical hardware address (MAC).Model ID shows the NSA's model name.Firmware Version shows the version of firmware the NSA is currently using.Status shows whether the NSA is Online, Unreachable, Configuring, or Config Failed.

2.4 Main NAS Starter Utility Screen

The main NAS Starter Utility screen displays after you select a NSA in the NSA Discovery screen. Run the Initialization Wizard is the only link that appears if you have not yet initialized the hard disk.

Figure 7 NAS Starter Utility Main Screen

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 3 NAS Starter Utility Main Screen

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Discovery	Click this to use the NSA Discovery screen (Section 2.3 on page 31) to find and select the NSA on your network to which you want to connect.
bar The bar shows	the NSA's in-use and remaining storage capacity.
Name This is the server name you configured for the NSA. If you have more than one NSA in your network, it is recommended that you give each one a unique name for identification purposes.
Firmware	This shows the version of firmware the NSA is currently using.
IP address This is	the current IP address of the NSA.
Status	This shows whether the NSA is Uninitialized, Online, Unreachable, Configuring, or Config Failed.
NAS Discovery	Click this to use the NSA Discovery screen (Section 2.3 on page 31) to find and select the NSA on your network to which you want to connect.
Import files or folders with zPilot	Click this to launch zPilot to drag and drop files onto the NSA.
Add a network drive to My Computer	This is available in Windows. Click this to add the NSA as a network drive in your computer's Windows Explorer.
Manage the device	Click this to log into the advanced administration screens. See Section 3.5 on page 71 for details on the administration screens.
Play Media Files from Home Screen	Click this to enjoy your media files though your web browser. See Section 3.4 on page 56 for details on the Home screen.
Show the directory of the NSA	This is available in Windows. Click this to open the NSA's file directory in Windows Explorer. See Section 2.5.3 on page 44 for details.
Run the Initialization Wizard	Click this to set up the NSA for the first time. See Section 2.5 on page 33 for details.
Configure network setting	Click this to change the NSA network settings such as the NSA's name, IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS, or PPPoE. See Section 2.9 on page 47 for details.

2.5 Initialization Wizard

Use these screens to set up the NSA for the first time. They will install the NSA's firmware and configure its basic settings.

Click Run the Initialization Wizard in the main utility screen to display the following screen. You must log in using an admin account. The default

administrator username is 'admin' and the default password is '1234' and click Next.

Figure 8 Initialization Wizard Welcome

Choose Default Configuration (recommended) or manual configuration. Use the manual option if you need to name the NSA to configure specific network settings. Click Next.

Figure 9 Initialization Wizard: Wizard Type

2.5.1 Default Configuration

1 The NAS Starter Utility checks the Internet connection.

Figure 10 Check Network Connection

2 Type a new administrator password (and retype it to confirm). If you do not want to change the administrator password, you can leave the fields blank and just click Next.

Figure 11 Change Admin Password

3 Specify usernames and passwords for the individuals you want to be able to access the NSA.

Figure 12 Create User Accounts

4 Check your settings. If they are OK, click Next. Otherwise click Back. If you want to change anything other than the user accounts, keep clicking Back until you can change the wizard type to manual.

Figure 13 Confirm Settings

5 Wait while the NAS Starter Utility configures the NSA.

Figure 14 Setting the NAS

After the NAS Starter Utility finishes configuring the NSA, you can click Show the directory of the NAS to see the NSA's shares (see Section 2.5.3 on page 44) or click Finish to return to the main NAS Starter Utility screen (see Section 2.4 on page 32).

Figure 15 Setting the NAS

2.5.2 Manual Configuration

1 Set up the NSA's basic network configuration first.

Figure 16 Setup Network

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 4 NAS Starter Utility > Config

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Get IP automatically from DHCP server	Select this if the NSA is automatically assigned an IP address from the ISP or a DHCP server in your network.
Assign IP Manually	Select this if you want to assign the NSA a fixed IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.Note: Do not configure an IP address that is already in use in your network. This results to a network IP address conflict and makes the NSA inaccessible.
Use DNS server from DHCP server	Domain Name System (DNS) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. Select this if the NSA is automatically given DNS information from the ISP or a DHCP server in your network.
Assign DNS server manually	If you were given specific IP address(es) of the DNS server(s), select this and enter the primary and secondary DNS in the corresponding fields.

2 If your Internet connection requires you to enter a user name and password to connect to the Internet, enter them here and click Next. If you do not need to enter a user name and password to connect to the Internet, click Skip.

Figure 17 PPPoE

3 The NAS Starter Utility checks the Internet connection.

Figure 18 Check Network Connection

4 Type a new administrator password (and retype it to confirm) and click Next. If you do not want to change the administrator password, you can leave the fields blank and just click Next.

Figure 19 Change Admin Password

5 Specify a name to uniquely identify the NSA on your network. Choose the time zone of your location. This sets the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

Figure 20 Create User Accounts

6 Select how to configure the hard disks.

Figure 21 Create User Accounts

With only one hard disk installed, just click Next. If you have two hard disks installed choose one of the following:

• RAID 1: Use this to mirror all data on one disk to the other disk to protect against data loss.
• Individual Disks: Use this if you want maximum storage capacity and/or you have other means of protecting your data. This creates two JBOD volumes (with one disk in each), a failure of one disk (volume) should not affect the other volume (disk).
• JBOD: Use this if you want maximum storage capacity and/or you have other means of protecting your data. This combines the two physical disks into a single virtual one, so they appear as a single large disk.
• RAID 0: Use this if you want maximum speed for your disks, and/or you have other means of protecting your data. RAID 0 has the fastest read and write performance but if one disk fails you lose all your data from both disks.

7 This screen is available in Windows and lists the shares the NAS Starter Utility creates on the NSA by default. Select the ones you want to use as network drives in Windows Explorer.

Figure 22 Connect Network Drives

8 Specify usernames and passwords for the individuals you want to be able to access the NSA and click Next.

Figure 23 Create User Accounts

9 If the settings are OK, click Next. Otherwise click Back. If you want to change anything other than the user accounts, keep clicking Back until you can change the wizard type to manual.

Figure 24 Confirm Settings

10 Wait while the NAS Starter Utility configures the NSA.

Figure 25 Setting the NAS

After the NAS Starter Utility finishes configuring the NSA, you can click Show the directory of the NAS to see the NSA's shares (see Section 2.5.3 on page 44) or

click Finish to return to the main NAS Starter Utility screen (see Section 2.4 on page 32).

Figure 26 Setting the NAS

2.5.3 Directory of the NAS

Clear the Guest option and enter the administrator user name and password and click Login to be able to view the NSA's shares to which you have access. Otherwise select Guest and click Login to be able to view the NSA's public shares.

Figure 27 Login

The utility opens the NSA's directory in Windows Explorer.

Figure 28 Directory

2.6 Import Files or Folders with zPilot

In the main NAS Starter Utility screen click Import files or folders with zPilot to be able to drag and drop files from your computer to the NSA.

Enter the administrator user name and password and click Login.

Figure 29 Login

The zPilot icon displays.

Figure 30 zPilot

Drag files onto the zPilot icon to move them to the NSA. zPilot automatically sorts music, photo, and video files into the Music, Photo, and Video folders. zPilot can automatically sort the types of media files listed in Table 127 on page 416 (except for the subtitles). Other types of files go to the Public folder. For folders of files

you are prompted to choose the target destination. The zPilot icon shows the transfer rate.

Figure 31 zPilot Showing Transfer Rate

Double-click the zPilot icon to display the NAS Starter Utility screen with status details about the file transfers. Click the "x" button next to a file entry to stop transferring the file. Click Clean Up to clear completed transfers from the list.

Figure 32 zPilot Showing Transfer Rate

2.7 Add a Network Drive to My Computer

This is available in Windows. In the main NAS Starter Utility screen click Add a network drive to My Computer to add the NSA as a network drive in your computer's Windows Explorer.

Clear the Guest option and enter the administrator user name and password and click Login to be able to add the NSA's shares to which you have access as network drives. Otherwise select Guest and click Login to be able to add the NSA's public shares as network drives.

Figure 33 Login

Select a share on the NSA and the drive letter on your computer to which you want to map it. The shares that each user can select to map depends on the user's

permissions. For example, if share1 is private to user1, then only user1 is allowed to map share1. The table displays the NSA shares that are already mapped to drive letters on your computer. After you click OK you can see the new drive in Windows Explorer (My Computer) where you can access and use it like your computer's other drives.

Figure 34 Network Drive Mapping

2.8 Manage the Device

In the main NAS Starter Utility screen click Manage the Device to log into the NSA's administration screens where you can manage the NSA.

Enter the administrator user name and password and click Login.

Figure 35 Login

See Section 3.5 on page 71 for more on the administration screens.

2.9 Configure Network Setting

Use these screens to change the NSA network settings such as the NSA's name, IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS, or PPPoE.

Click Configure network setting in the main utility screen to display the following screen.

Figure 36 NAS Starter Utility > Configure network setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 5 NAS Starter Utility > Config

LABEL DESCRIPTION
NAS Name Specify	a name to uniquely identify the NSA on your network. You can enter up to 15 alphanumeric characters with minus signs allowed but not as the last character. The name must begin with an alphabetic character (a-z) and is case sensitive.
Get IP automatically from DHCP server	Select this if the NSA is automatically assigned an IP address from the ISP or a DHCP server in your network.
Assign IP Manually	Select this if you want to assign the NSA a fixed IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.Note: Do not configure an IP address that is already in use in your network. This results to a network IP address conflict and makes the NSA inaccessible.
Use DNS server from DHCP server	Domain Name System (DNS) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. Select this if the NSA is automatically given DNS information from the ISP or a DHCP server in your network.
Assign DNS server manually	If you were given specific IP address(es) of the DNS server(s), select this and enter the primary and secondary DNS in the corresponding fields.
PPPoE Click this if	your Internet connection requires you to enter a user name and password to connect to the Internet.

If your Internet connection requires you to enter a user name and password to connect to the Internet, select Enable PPPoE Connection and enter your user name and password.

Figure 37 PPPoE

2.10 NAS Starter Utility Icon Menu (Windows)

To open the NSU Starter Utility icon's menu on a Windows computer, right-click the NSU system tray icon. See Section 2.6 on page 45 for details about the zPilot.

Figure 38 Windows NSU Icon Menu

• If the NAS Starter Utility can connect to the NSA to which you last connected in the NAS Starter Utility, its hostname appears in the first row.
• Show Main Screen displays the main NAS Starter Utility screen. This option is available when the main screen is not displayed.
• Show File Importer Status displays the NAS Starter Utility file importer status screen. This is available when the NAS Starter Utility can connect to the NSA, you have logged into the zPilot, and the NAS Starter Utility main screen and file importer status screens are not displayed.

• Hide NSA Starter Utility hides the NAS Starter Utility screen but does not close the utility. This option is available when the NAS Starter Utility is displayed.

• Enable zPilot when system starts up has your computer automatically start the zPilot file transfer tool at startup. This is available when the NAS Starter Utility can connect to the NSA.

• zPilot stays on top keeps the zPilot icon on top of any other open screens so it is easy to locate. This is available when the NAS Starter Utility can connect to the NSA and you have previously logged into the zPilot. You also have to open the zPilot to have it stay on top.
• About displays the version of the NAS Starter Utility.
• Exit closes the NAS Starter Utility, including the zPilot.

2.11 NAS Starter Utility Icon Menu (Mac)

To open the NSU Starter Utility icon's menu on a Mac, hold down [CTRL] and click the NSU dock icon. See Section 2.6 on page 45 for details about the zPilot.

Figure 39 Mac NSU Icon Menu

• If the NAS Starter Utility can connect to the NSA to which you last connected in the NAS Starter Utility, its hostname appears in the first row.
• Show Main Screen displays the main NAS Starter Utility screen. This option is available when the main screen is not displayed.
• Hide NSA Starter Utility hides the NAS Starter Utility screen but does not close the utility. This option is available when the NAS Starter Utility is displayed.
• zPilot stays on top keeps the zPilot icon on top of any other open screens so it is easy to locate. This is available when the NAS Starter Utility can connect to the NSA and you have previously logged into the zPilot. You need to exit the NAS Starter Utility, restart it, and open the zPilot to have it stay on top.
• About displays the version of the NAS Starter Utility.
• Options offers the standard Keep in Dock, Open at Login, and Show in Finder Mac functions.
• Hide hides the NAS Starter Utility screen but does not close the utility. This option is available when the NAS Starter Utility is displayed.
• Quit closes the NAS Starter Utility, including the zPilot.

Web Configurator Basics

3.1 Overview

This chapter describes how to access the NSA Web Configurator and provides an overview of its screens.

The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy NSA setup and management using an Internet browser.

Use Internet Explorer 6.0, Mozilla Firefox 2.00, or Safari 4.04 or later versions of these browsers. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels or higher.

In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).

3.2 Accessing the NSA Web Configurator

Make sure your NSA is properly connected and that your computer is in the same subnet as the NSA (refer to the Quick Start Guide or the appendices).

3.2.1 Access the NSA Via NAS Starter Utility

If you don't know the IP address of the NSA, use the NAS Starter Utility's Play Media Files from Home Screen link to find it. Refer to the Quick Start Guide for

how to install and run the NAS Starter Utility. See Chapter 2 on page 29 for more information on the NAS Starter Utility.

Figure 40 NAS Starter Utility Main Screen

3.2.2 Web Browser Access

Configure the server name of your NSA using the Network Configuration screen (Section 2.9 on page 47) of the NAS Starter Utility. Open your browser and type in the server name of the NSA ("nsa210" by default).

Figure 41 NSA URL

3.3 Login

The default username and password are 'admin' and '1234' respectively. Enter your username and password. If you use the option to stay logged in for two weeks (assuming you do not log out), make sure you keep your computer secure.

Then click Login. See Chapter 12 on page 321 for how to create other user accounts.

Figure 42 NSA Login Screen

If you have not done so yet, you should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown next. Type a new password (and retype it to confirm) and click Apply or click Ignore.

Figure 43 Change Password Screen

3.4 Home Screens

All users (including the administrator) first see the Home screen after logging in.

Figure 44 Home

Note: If you did not select the option to stay logged in for two weeks when you logged in, the Web Configurator management session automatically times out if it is left idle for 15 minutes. Simply log back into the NSA if this happens to you.

The main Home screen displays icons for the various features you can access.

Table 6 Main Home Screen Icons

ICON DESCRIPTION
	Use Music, Photo, and Video to play your music, picture, and video files.
	Use Favorite to create and edit playlists.
	Use File Browser to see your files in a tree-folder structure.
	Administrators can useApplication Zoneto install, access, and manage the NSA’s applications.
	UseSystemto edit general system settings or log into the administrator advanced configuration screens.

Note: For Windows computers your browser may need VLC and Windows Media Player installed to play music and video files. For Mac your browser may need VLC and QuickTime. To get the VLC plugins, you have to download and install VLC (use the .exe file) and select the Mozilla plugin option. To display your photos as a 3-D wall for quick browsing, install the CoolIris plugin.

The icons at the top-right of the screen are visible from most screens. Use them to navigate between the screens and menus. The following table describes the icons.

Table 7 Global Home Labels and Icons

LABEL/ICON DESCRIPTION

Home Click this to return to the Home screen.

Help Click this to open a web help page specific to the screen you are currently configuring.

Logout Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator.

Here are some Home screen descriptions. A music screen is shown here as an example. Other screens work in a similar way.

Figure 45 Music Screen

This table describes common labels in the Home media screens. Not every item displays in every screen.

Table 8 Home Media Screens

LABEL DESCRIPTION

A Click a letter to go to the first item starting with that letter.

B View files. Double-click an item to play it.

C Shows which page is displaying and the total number of pages of entries.Click an arrow or type a number to go to another page of entries.

Table 8 Home Media Screens

LABEL DESCRIPTION
D Select the sorting criteria:
	Artist - Sort music by artist.All - All of the menu's files display here.Genre - Sort music by category.Folder - List the folders containing music files.Album - List the identified music albums.Current Playlist - Show the playing and queued songs.The NSA categorizes files into genres and albums according to the information stored in your files. Files may not appear in the proper folders if they have missing, incorrect or incomplete information.
Thumbnail Click	this to view the files as thumbnails.
List Click this to	view the files as a list.
Play Click this to	play the currently selected file. You can also double-click a file to play it.
Delete Select an item and click Delete to remove it.
Rename	Select an item and click Rename to change its name.Note: When you change a file name, make sure you keep the file extension unchanged.
Add to Current Playlist	Click this to add the selected music file to the currently playing playlist.
Add to Playlist Click this to add the selected music file to a playlist.
Search Click this to look for a file or folder by name.
Refresh Click this to update the display in the screen.
Now Playing This link is available when a song is playing. Click it to see details about the song that is currently playing.

3.4.1 Now Playing (Music)

A Now Playing link displays when a song is playing. Click it to display a panel like the following. This screen displays the name of the current song and it's play progress and lets you control the playback.

Figure 46 Now Playing

3.4.2 Video Playback

While playing a video through the Web Configurator Home screens, besides the usual reverse, play, pause, stop, full screen, and volume options, Windows computers also display an option to switch between VLC Player and Windows Media Player (WMP). See the button circled below. If your video is not playing back properly you can try using this option to change to the other media player.

Figure 47 Video Playback

3.4.3 Exif and Google Maps (Photos)

Click a photo's EXIF button to display or hide the photo's Exchangeable image file format (Exif) data.

Figure 48 Exif Information

If a photo's Exif data includes GPS location data, click the latitude or longitude link to display the location in Google Maps. Click Clear to delete the markers of other photos and only display the current photo's marker.

Figure 49 Google Maps

In a Photo menu click the SlideShow button to display the menu's files as a slideshow. Move your cursor over the slideshow's screen to display full screen, previous, pause, and next buttons for controlling the slideshow.

Figure 50 Slideshow

Duck standing on a green grassy field, no visible text or symbols

When the CoolIris plugin is installed in your browser, click the Launch CoolIris button to display your photos as a 3-D wall for quick browsing.

3.4.5 Favorite

Use the Favorite menu to manage your playlists.

3.4.5.1 Shared Playlist

Use Favorite > Shared Playlist to view and play playlists that you created externally (in iTunes, Windows Media Player, VLC media player, or Winamp for example) and saved to the NSA. When using zPilot to move files to the NSA, playlists are automatically put into the music share.

3.4.5.2 My Favorite

Use Favorite > My Favorite to create, edit, and play playlists. These playlists are specific to the NSA and cannot be used in external music players.

Figure 51 Favorite > My Favorite

This table describes labels in this menu.

Table 9 Favorite > My Favorite

LABEL DESCRIPTION
New Click this to create a new playlist.
Edit	Double-click a playlist or select it and click Edit to go to a screen where you can remove songs from the playlist.
Delete All	Within a playlist click Delete All to remove all of the playlist's songs.

3.4.6 File Browser

Click File Browser to open the following screen. Use the file browsing screens to play, open, upload, and download files. A share is a set of user access permissions for a specific folder on a volume (gives someone access to a folder). It is equivalent to the Windows concept of a shared folder, but the access rights are independent of the folder (you configure the share and the folder separately). You

can map a share to a network drive for easy and familiar file transfer for Windows users.

• A folder icon with a hand indicates a share.
• The administrator owns and manages the public shares.
• Double-click a media file to open it. Double-click other types of files to be able to save them.
• Click to the right of a file or folder name to select it.
• Use the [SHIFT] key to select a range of entries. Hold down the [CTRL] key to select multiple individual entries.
• Drag and drop files to open a screen that lets you choose whether to copy or move them.
• You can upload files of up to 2 GB in size.
• You can download individual files of up to 4 GB in size with Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer 7 and later or up to 2 GB in size with Internet Explorer 6.

Figure 52 File Browser

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Up	Click this to go to the next higher layer in the share's folder tree.
Name This column identifies the names of folders and files in the share. Click a file's file name to open the file or save it to your computer. Click a folder's name to display the folder's contents.
Size This column displays a file's size in bytes.
Last Modified This column	n displays the last time the file or folder was changed (in year-month-day hour:minute:second format).
Create New Folder Click	this to open the following screen where you can create a new folder within the share.Specify a name to identify the folder. See Section 3.4.7 on page 67 for more information on folder names. ClickApplyto create a folder or clickCancelto exit this screen.
Configure Share Select a	share and click this link to open a screen where you can see and configure share management details.
Upload Click this to open	the following screen where you can add files to the share.Use theBrowsebutton to locate your file/s and clickApplyto upload the file. ClickCancelto close this screen.Note: Do not refresh the screen while an upload is going on.
Download Select a file and click this to save the file to your computer.Note: Do not refresh the screen while a download is going on.
Restore When you are in a recycle bin folder, select a folder or file and click this to restore it.

3.4.6.1 Configure Share Screen

In the File Browser screen, select a share and click Configure Share to open the following screen where you can see and configure share management details.

Figure 53 File Browser > Configure Share

The following table describes the labels in the this screen.

Table 11 File Browser > Configure Share

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Share Name Configure a name to identify this share. Type a share name from 1 to 239 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing local share. See Section 3.4.7 on page 67 for more information on share names. This is not configurable for the NSA's default admin, music, photo, public, and video shares.
Volume This shows the volume the share is on. It is read-only.
Make this share owned by	Select the administrator or user account that is to own (manage) this share. The share owner controls access rights to the share. This is not configurable for the NSA's default admin and public shares.
Enable This Share	Select this option to allow users to access this share. When this option is not selected, you cannot see and access this share.
Enable Recycle Bin	Select this option to keep deleted items in a recycle bin. When you delete an item, a recycle folder is created within the share, and the deleted item is stored in the recycle bin. Later if you want to retrieve a deleted item, you can select the item from the recycle folder and move/copy the item to another share.
Publish this share to Media Server	Select this option to make the share's files available to media clients. You can also select whether to share music, photo, and video files.
Publish this share to Web	Select this option to let people use a web browser to access this share's files without logging into the Home screens.
Share Access Select	who can access the files in the share and how much access they are to be given. If you publish the share to the media server or the web, all users will have at least read-only access to the share, regardless of what you configure here.SelectKeep it private to ownerto allow only the share owner to read files in the share, delete files in the share and save files to the share.SelectMake it publicto allow anyone (with or without a user account on the NSA) to read files in the share, delete files in the share and save files to the share.SelectAdvancedto select which individual users can read the share’s files, which users can delete the share’s files, and which users are blocked from doing either.
Apply Click this to	save your changes.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

3.4.7 Share and Folder Names

The name can only contain the following characters:

- Alphanumeric (A-z, 0-9) and Unicode.

The NSA allows FTP access to shares, folders or files with names encoded in the UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) format. So your FTP client must support UTF-8 in order to access shares, folders or files on the NSA with Unicode names.

• Spaces
• _ [underscores]
  • . [ periods ]
• [dashes]

Other limitations include:

• All leading and trailing spaces are removed automatically.
• Multiple spaces within names are converted to a single space.
• Share names must be unique (they cannot be the same as other share names).
• The NSA creates automatic volume names for external (USB) disk volumes. These are a type of share, so the share name you configure cannot conflict with the external (USB) disk volume names. "ExtVol1" or "ExtVol2" are examples of external (USB) disk volume names.
• Folder names must be unique (they cannot be the same as other folder names).
• The minimum character length of a name is one character, that is a name cannot be blank.
• The maximum character length of share name is 239 characters.

- Unicode is supported for share names, although your FTP client must support UTF-8. Full support should be available in all Windows versions after Windows 2000.

3.4.8 Application Zone

Administrators can click Application Zone to go to a screen where you can enable or disable various applications for file sharing and downloading.

Figure 54 Application Zone

The following table describes the labels in the this screen.

Table 12 Application Zone

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name This is the	name of the application.
Description	This is a brief description of the application. See Chapter 9 on page 197 for more information.
Management Page	Click this link to go the application's management page where you can configure settings for it. See Chapter 9 on page 197 for more information.
Enable Select a	disabled application and click this to turn on the application. Some applications are always enabled and cannot be disabled.
Disable Select an	enabled application and click this to turn off the application.Select the Flickr or Youtube Uploadr entry and click this to cancel all uploading. Some applications are always enabled and cannot be disabled.
Pause Select the	Flickr or Youtube Uploadr entry and click this to pause current uploading. Resume will resume current uploading.
Resume Select the	Flickr or Youtube Uploadr entry and click this to resume current uploading.

3.4.9 System Settings

Click System > Settings to open the following screen. Use this screen to change general settings and an account password.

Figure 55 System > Settings

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 13 System > Settings

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Player For Windows com	puters your browser may need VLC andWindows Media Player installed to play music and video files. ForMac your browser may need VLC and QuickTime.This field shows whether or not the plugins are installed. If youneed to install either, click the related link.To get the VLC plugins, you have to download and install VLC(use the .exe file) and select the Mozilla plugin option.
Double Click BehaviorSetting	SelectReplace current playlist and start to playto havedouble clicking a song cause the NSA to immediately stop anycurrently playing song and start playing the double-clicked song.SelectAppend to current playlistto have double clicking asong add a song to the end of the current playlist.
Slide Effect Enable the	Ken Burns effect to have the NSA automatically panand zoom photos in slideshows. Disable it to display photos inslideshows normally.
Slide Interval Select how	long to display each image in a slideshow beforechanging to the next.
Video Playback	SelectPlay Nextto play the rest of the video files in a folder. Sofor example, a folder has video files 1~10 and you play video 3.When video 3 finishes the device continues playing the rest ofthe videos in the folder (4~10). It does not loop back and playvideos 1 and 2.
Account Name Type the	user name of the account for which you want to changethe password.
Old Password Type the	user's current password.
New Password Create a	new password for the user. You can type from one to 14single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCIIcharacters.
Password (Confirm) You	must type the exact same password that you just typed inthe above field.
Language Select the Web	Configurator language from the drop-down listbox.
Go to systemadministration page	This link appears when you are logged in as the administrator.Click it to open the advanced administration screens. SeeSection 3.5 on page 71for more on the advanced administrationscreens.
Apply Click this to save	your changes.
Reset Click this to refresh	the screen.
Cancel Click this to exit	the screen without saving your changes.

3.5 Administration Screens

The System > Administration link displays when you log in as the administrator. Click System > Administration in the Home screen to open the advanced administration screens.

The Status screen is the first advanced administration screen that displays.

Figure 56 Status

3.5.1 Global Administration Icons

The icons and language label at the top-right of the screen (1) are visible from most of the administration screens. The following table describes the 'global' icons and labels.

Table 14 Global Labels and Icons

LABEL/ICON DESCRIPTION

Language Select the Web Configurator language from the drop-down list box.

Help Click this to open web help specific to the screen you are in.

About Click this to view the model name, firmware version and copyright.

Home Click this to return to the Home screens.

Logout Click this at any time to exit the Web Configurator. This is the same as clicking the Logout link at the bottom of the navigation panel.

3.5.2 Navigation Panel

The navigation panel on the left of the Web Configurator screen (2) contains screen links. Click a link to display sub-links. There are no sub-links for the Status screen. Certain screens also contain hyper links that allow you to jump to another screen.

The following table describes the navigation panel screens.

Table 15 Screens Summary

LINK SCREEN FUNCTION
Status This screen shows system information, the status of the volumes, and the users who are currently using the NSA.
System Setting	Server Name Specify the NSA's server name and workgroup name.
	Date & Time Chose a time zone and/or allow the NSA to synchronize with a time server.
Storage	Volume	View volume and disk information and create and edit volumes. A volume is a storage area that can span one or more internal disks or a single external (USB) disk.
Network	TCP/IP	Assign the NSA a dynamic or static IP address and DNS information.
	UPnP Port Mapping	Configure your Internet gateway to allow access from the WAN (Internet) to services on the NSA.
	PPPoE Configure	PPPoE settings for a direct Internet connection.
LINK	SCREEN	FUNCTION
Applications	FTP Server	Enable FTP file transfer to/from the NSA, set the number of FTP connections allowed, an FTP idle timeout, and the character set.
	Media Server Enable or disable the sharing of media files and select which shares to share.
	Download Service	Have the NSA handle large file downloads.
	Web Publishing Let people use a web browser to access files in shares without logging into the Home screens.
	Broadcasting Subscribe the NSA to feeds to download frequently updated digital content like TV programs, radio talk shows, Podcasts (audio files), YouTube videos, or even BitTorrents.
	Print Server View and manage the NSA's list of printers and print jobs.
	Copy/Sync Button	Copy or synchronize files between a USB device and the NSA.
	Package Set up more useful applications in your NSA. The NSA can download multiple packages/files at once and automatically goes through all the installation steps.
	Auto Upload - Flickr/YouTube	Upload files in selected shares to your Flickr and/or YouTube accounts.
	Auto Upload - FTP Uploadr	Upload files in selected shares to FTP servers.
Sharing	Users	View, create and edit administrator and user accounts to let people use the NSA.
	Groups View, create and edit groups. Groups allow you to organize users into specific groups. You can create shares accessible only by the group members.
	Shares View, create and edit shares. Shares are shared folders to which you can allow specific users read/write access rights.
Maintenance	Power	Configure power saving settings for the NSA and have the NSA turn itself off and on or reboot according to the schedules you configure.
	Log	View the NSA's logs and configure how you want to receive the log reports.
	Configuration	Back up and/or restore the NSA configuration file.
	SSL	Configure HTTPS and the NSA's SSL certificate.
	FW Upgrade	Upload/upgrade new firmware to your NSA.
	Shutdown	Restart the NSA or shut it down.
Logout		Click this to exit the Web Configurator. This is recommended to prevent unauthorized administrator access to the NSA.

3.5.3 Main Window

The main window (3) shows the screen you select in the navigation panel. It is discussed in the rest of this document.

The Status screen is the first administration screen to display. See Chapter 5 on page 161 for more information about the Status screen.

3.5.4 Status Messages

The message text box at the bottom of the screen (4) displays status messages as you configure the NSA.

3.5.5 Common Screen Icons

The following table explains some icons that appear in several configuration screens.

Table 16 Common Configuration Screen Icons

ICON DESCRIPTION
[ICZWG]	EditClick this to go to a screen where you can change the configuration settings of an entry.
	DeleteClick this to delete an entry from the list.
	EditClick this to jump to related item's configuration screen.
	RefreshClick this to refresh the data for the field or value with which it is associated.
	UserSee the chapter on user accounts for detailed information on variants of this icon.
	ShareSee the chapter on shares for detailed information on variants of this icon.
[Y680]	HealthyThis represents a healthy volume.
[24XD]	DegradedThis represents a degraded RAID 1 volume. Replace the faulty disk. If the replacement disk does not contain any partition, the NSA automatically restores the volume. If the replacement disk already contains a volume, you need to delete the volume and then click the Repair icon to fix the degraded RAID volume.
[K028]	DownThis represents a down volume.
	Scan DiskClick this to scan a hard disk for file system errors.
	EjectClick this before you remove an external hard drive so that you do not lose data that is being transferred to or from that hard drive.
	LocateClick this to cause the LED on the external storage device to blink.
	RepairIf you replace a faulty disk with a disk that contains a volume, you need to delete the volume and then click this to fix the degraded RAID volume.

3.5.6 Session Example (Windows)

Open Windows Explorer and type two back slashes followed by the NSA name or IP address. Initially you can only read and write to the Public, Video, Music, and Photo folders until you create other shares on the NSA. This session is then displayed as shown in the following figure.

Tutorials

4.1 Overview

This chapter provides tutorials that show how to use the NSA.

• Windows 7 Network, see page 77
• Windows 7 Network Map, see page 81
- Playing Media Files in Windows 7, see page 83
• Windows 7 Devices and Printers, see page 83
- Creating a Volume, see page 86
- Deleting a Volume, see page 92
• File Sharing Tutorials, see page 93
- Download Service Tutorial, see page 103
- Broadcatching Tutorial, see page 119
• Copy and Flickr Auto Upload Tutorial, see page 124
• FTP Uploadr Tutorial, see page 125
- Web Configurator's Security Sessions, see page 130
• Using FTPES to Connect to the NSA, see page 142
• Using a Mac to Access the NSA, see page 143
• How to Use BackupPlanner, see page 146

4.2 Windows 7 Network

To see your NSA in a Windows 7 home or work network:

1 Click Start > Control Panel. Set View by to Category and click Network and Internet.

2 Click View network computers and devices.

3 The NSA icon displays twice because the NSA is both a media server and a storage device. Double-click either NSA icon to open the Web Configurator login screen.

4.2.1 If the NSA Icon Does Not Display

The network containing the NSA must be set as a home or work network in order for the NSA icons to display. If the network containing the NSA displays as "Public":

1 Click Network and Sharing Center and then the network's link (circled in the figure).

2 Use the Set Network Location screen to set the network's location to home or work.

4.2.2 NSA Icon Right-click Options

Right-click the NSA's icon to see these options:

• Install/ Uninstall: Click Install to add the NSA as a device in your computer. After you install the NSA you can see it in the computer's list of devices (see Section 4.5 on page 83. Click Uninstall to remove the NSA from the list of devices installed in your computer.
  • View device web page opens the Web Configurator login screen.
• Create shortcut adds a desktop shortcut to the Web Configurator login screen.

- Properties opens a window of NSA details and troubleshooting information.

• Manufacturer identifies the company that produced the NSA.
• Model identifies the NSA model.
• Model number identifies the NSA model number.
  • Device webpage shows the IP address for accessing the Web Configurator.
• Serial number is unavailable because the NSA does not have one.
• MAC address is the NSA's unique physical hardware address (MAC). You need the MAC address to register the product at myZyXEL.com. Customer support may also request it for troubleshooting purposes.
• Unique identifier is a unique UPnP ID that the NSA generated.
• IP address is the NSA's IP address. It is also the IP address for accessing the Web Configurator.

4.3 Windows 7 Network Map

To see your NSA in a Windows 7 home or work network map:

1 Click Start > Control Panel > View network status and tasks (or Network and Sharing Center if you view the Control Panel by icons).

2 Click See full map (1 in the figure).

The network containing the NSA must be set as a home or work network in order to use the full map feature. If the network containing the NSA displays as "Public", click the network's link (2 in the figure, although it is already set to home here) and use the Set Network Location screen to set the network's location to home or work (see page 80).

3 Double-click the NSA's icon to open the Web Configurator login screen. See Section 4.2.2 on page 80 for the NSA icon's right-click options.

graph TD
    A["ZY32-PC"] --> B["nsa210"]
    B --> C["Switch"]
    C --> D["Gateway"]
    D --> E[" globe "]

4.4 Playing Media Files in Windows 7

In Windows 7, the NSA automatically displays as a library in Windows Media Player.

Figure 57 NSA in Windows Media Player

4.5 Windows 7 Devices and Printers

After you use the NSA's network icon's install option you can manage the NSA from the Windows 7 Devices and Printers folder.

Click Start > Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Devices and Printers. Select the NSA icon to display information about the NSA. Double-click the NSA

icon to open a properties window (see page 81). Right-click the icon to display these options:

• Create shortcut has Windows make a desktop shortcut to this screen.
• Troubleshoot opens Windows' device troubleshooting wizard.
• Remove device removes the NSA from the Windows 7 Devices and Printers folder.
• Properties opens a window of NSA details and troubleshooting information (see page 81).

4.5.1 Windows 7 Desktop Shortcut

This is the NSA's desktop shortcut. Double-click it to open a properties window (see page 81). Right-click it to display the options shown here.

1 About the right-click options:

• Open file location takes you to the Windows 7 Devices and Printers folder.
• Restore previous versions is the Windows 7 option for restoring a file or folder. It does not apply to this shortcut.
• Send to give you options for copying the shortcut to another location.
• Cut removes this shortcut so you can paste it somewhere else.
• Copy copies the shortcut so you can paste it somewhere else.
• Create shortcut has Windows make a desktop shortcut to this icon.
• Delete sends the shortcut to the recycle bin.
• Rename lets you change the name of the shortcut.
• Troubleshoot opens Windows' device troubleshooting wizard.
• Remove device removes the NSA from the Windows 7 Devices and Printers folder.
• Properties opens a window of details about the shortcut.

4.6 Creating a Volume

This section shows you how to create a volume on your NSA.

Creating a volume deletes all existing data in the SATA or eSATA hard disk. Make sure you have a backup of your existing data before following the steps in this section.

Your NSA has a single bay for a SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) hard disk. The firmware installed during hard disk initialization (Chapter 2 on page 29) automatically creates a JBOD volume on your SATA hard disk. JBOD is the default storage method if you are using a single hard disk for your NSA.

This JBOD volume shows up in the Storage > Volume screen (Section 7.4 on page 173) as follows.

When you attach an eSATA hard disk to your NSA, you can configure this volume as: 1) a backup to your SATA hard disk (RAID 1); or 2) as a separate storage drive (either another JBOD or a PC Compatible Volume).

4.6.1 Creating a RAID 1 Volume

This storage method allows recovery of data if your hard disk fails. To create a RAID 1 volume, you must connect an eSATA hard disk to your NSA. There are two ways to create a RAID 1 volume:

• Click the Migrate button - This is a quick way to create a RAID 1 volume. Use this to automatically synchronize data in the internal hard disk to the eSATA hard disk.
• Click the Create a SATA volume button - Use this if there are no existing volumes in your NSA.

4.6.2 Migrate Button

Do the following steps to create a RAID 1 volume.

1 Once you attach the eSATA hard disk to the NSA, the Storage > Volume screen shows the Migrate button.

2 Click the Migrate button and you can see the following progress bar. Wait for up to 10 minutes for the RAID 1 volume to be created.

4.6.3 Create a SATA Volume Button

If you do not have an existing volume in the Storage > Volume screen, do the following steps to create a RAID 1 volume.

1 In the Storage > Volume screen, click Create a SATA Volume.

2 In the Disk Configuration screen, you can select the storage method.

- Type in the Volume Name for your RAID 1 volume. The volume name can be 1 to 31 characters (a-z, 0-9, " [spaces], "_", and ".").

- Choose RAID 1 and click Apply.

This deletes all existing data in the eSATA hard disk. Make sure you have a backup of any existing data in the hard disk.

The NSA starts creating the volume and you can see the following progress bar. Wait for 2 minutes for the RAID 1 volume to be created.

3 The Storage > Volume screen displays with your RAID 1 volume.

4.6.4 Creating a PC Compatible Volume

You can use your eSATA hard disk as a separate storage volume. The following section shows you how to create a PC Compatible Volume. Use this storage method if you have an eSATA hard disk that will be connected to a Windows computer when it is not connected to the NSA. However, the computer's platform (for example, Windows XP SP2) should support the file system you selected for the eSATA hard disk.

1 Connect the eSATA hard disk to your NSA and go to the Storage > Volume screen. Click Create a SATA Volume.

2 In the Disk Configuration screen, you can select the storage method.

• Type in the Volume Name for your PC Compatible volume. The volume name can be 1 to 31 characters (a-z, 0-9, " " [spaces], "_", and ".").
• Choose PC Compatible Volume.
• Select the File System you want to use (NTFS in this example). Make sure this file system is supported by the Windows platform you are using in your computer. Refer to Section 7.5.6 on page 183 for file systems supported by your NSA. Click Apply.

This deletes all existing data in the eSATA hard disk. Make sure you have a backup of any existing data in the hard disk.

The NSA starts creating the volume and you can see the following progress bar. Wait for 2 minutes for the volume to be created.

3 The Storage > Volume screen displays with your PC Compatible Volume.

4.6.4.1 Checking Your PC Compatible Volume

The files in the eSATA hard disk that you configured as a PC Compatible Volume should be accessible when you connect the eSATA hard disk to your computer.

You can configure the features of your NSA to save files to your eSATA hard disk. For example, you can refer to Section 4.10 on page 119 to use the

Broadcasting feature of your NSA to download files to your eSATA disk.

1 When asked for the Location of Downloaded Files, make sure you save the completed files to the eSATA hard disk (Volume 2 in this example).

2 The files downloaded by the NSA should be in the Volume 2 folder. You can check this when you access the Volume 2 folder from My NSA > Share Browser screen as follows.

3 Disconnect the eSATA hard disk from the NSA. Connect the eSATA hard disk to your computer. On some systems, you can see the following notification.

4 The computer assigns a letter to the eSATA hard disk (drive F in this example) that is accessible from the My Computer screen. Double click the eSATA drive and check your files. They should be the same files that are in the My NSA > Share Browser screen.

4.7 Deleting a Volume

Delete an existing volume in your NSA by doing the following steps.

1 In the Storage > Volume screen, select the volume you want to delete and click the delete icon.

2 A confirmation window appears as follows. Click Yes.

This deletes all existing data in the volume. Make sure you have a backup of any existing data in the hard disk.

4.8 File Sharing Tutorials

The following sections cover using the NSA for file sharing. This chapter assumes you have already followed the Quick Start Guide instructions to perform initial setup and configuration (so you have a working volume). See the rest of this User's Guide for details on configuring the NSA's various screens.

4.8.1 Creating a User Account

Bob wants to create accounts for his sons Jimmy and Kevin. This is how he would do it.

1 Log into the NSA Web Configurator (see Section 3.3 on page 54) and click System > Administration to go to the configuration screens.

1 Click Sharing > Users to open the Users screen. Then click Add User.

2 Configure the screen as follows and write down the username and password to give to Jimmy. If the username and password are the same as Jimmy's Windows login, Jimmy will not need to enter a username and password when he logs into his share from his computer. Set the Account Type to User so Jimmy doesn't get to configure the whole NSA. Click Apply to create the account.

3 The account now displays in the Users screen.

Now that Bob has created Jimmy's account, he can go through the steps again to create another account for Kevin. After both accounts are created, he can go to Section 4.8.2 on page 96 to create shares for Jimmy and Kevin.

4.8.2 Creating a Share

Suppose Bob has already created separate accounts for his sons Jimmy and Kevin. Now Bob wants to create a share for each son. He also wants to make sure that each son can only access his own share (to keep them from deleting each other's files). This is how he would do it.

1 In the NSA's administration Web Configurator screens, click Shares > Add Share. Click Add Share to create a new share.

2 Specify a name for the share and select which volume it should be on. Configure the screen as follows. Then click Edit.

3 Configure the screen as follows to give Jimmy full access right to the share. Then click Apply to create the share.

Now that Bob has created Jimmy's share, he can go through the steps again to create another share for Kevin.

4.8.3 Creating a Group

After creating user accounts for Jimmy and Kevin, Bob wants to create a group for his sons and another one for the parents. Bob can assign access rights to his sons' group for certain shares such as a cartoons share and allow only the parents' group to access the scary movie share. This is how he would create the group.

1 In the NSA's administration Web Configurator screen, click Groups > Add Group.

2 Specify a name for the group. Select the user(s) you want to add to the group from the Available User(s) list and click Add Selected User(s). Configure the screen as follows. Then click Apply to create the group.

Now that Bob has created a group for Jimmy and Kevin, he can go through the steps again to create another group for the parents. Then he can see the rest of the tutorials for how to use the groups in assigning access rights to shares.

4.8.4 Accessing a Share From Windows Explorer

If you map a NSA share (where data is stored) to a Windows network drive, you can use Windows Explorer to transfer files to and from the NSA as if it was another folder on your computer. Here he maps Jimmy's share to Jimmy's computer.

1 Start Windows Explorer and go to the NSA's server name ("nsa210" is the default) or IP address.
2 Click Tools > Map Network Drive.

3 Select the network drive that you want to map the NSA to from the Drive list box. This example uses I. Then browse to and select the share on the NSA. Click Finish.

4 Enter the username and password for Jimmy's account and click OK. You do not need to do this if the username and password are the same as Jimmy's Windows login.

5 After the mapping is done, you can then simply copy and paste or drag and drop files from/to your local computer's drives to or from this network folder. Just like the NSA's share was another folder on your computer.

Now that Bob has mapped Jimmy's share to Jimmy's computer, he can go through the steps again to map Kevin's share to Kevin's computer.

4.8.5 Accessing a Share Using FTP

You can also use FTP to access the NSA. Suppose Jimmy is temporarily using a different computer and wants to access his share without mapping it to the computer. This is how he would do it.

1 Open the FTP client (Windows Explorer is used here) and type "ftp://username@server" where "username" is the account's username and "server" is the NSA's IP address or server name.

2 Enter your password and click Login.

3 Now you can access files and copy files from/to your local computer's drives to or from this network folder.

4.8.6 Accessing a Share Through the Web Configurator

You can browse and access files through the Web Configurator.

1 Log into the NSA Web Configurator (see Section 3.3 on page 54) using the appropriate user name and password (this example uses Jimmy's) and click File Browser. Click a share (the Jimmy share in this example) to see the top level of the share's contents.

2 Click a folder's file name to browse the folder. You can open files or copy them to your computer. You can also create new folders and upload additional files to the share.

3 Click the logout icon when your are done.

4.9 Download Service Tutorial

This tutorial covers using the NSA to download a file from the Internet. Use this same procedure for BitTorrent downloads as well as regular HTTP (web) and FTP downloads. See Section 9.11.2 on page 234 for more on the download service.

4.9.1 Copying/Pasting a Download Link

1 Open your Internet browser (this example uses Internet Explorer).
2 Find a download link for the file you want. In this example, www.zyxel.com has a Download Now link for downloading a datasheet for ZyXEL's GS-2024 (an Ethernet switch).

Note: Make sure the link opens either the file you want or a pop-up window about how to handle the file.

Note: It is also OK for the link to open a .torrent file. If you are redirected to a screen that says the download should start in a few seconds, there may be a link to click if the download does not start automatically. See if that link opens the file or the pop-up window.

3 Right-click the download link and select Copy Shortcut in Internet Explorer (or Copy Link Location in Firefox).

4 Log into the NSA Web Configurator (see Section 3.3 on page 54) using the administrator account and click Application Zone and the Application Zone > Download Service link.

5 Click Add.

6 Right-click the URL field and select Paste.

7 The URL displays in the URL field. Click Apply.

8 After a few moments, the download task appears in the Download Service screen's Active tab.

The download appears in the Completed tab when it is done. By default the NSA stores all downloads in the admin share's download folder. See Section 4.8.4 on page 98, Section 4.8.5 on page 100, or Section 4.8.6 on page 102 for how to access a share.

4.9.2 Installing the Link Capture Browser Plugin

In addition to copying and pasting a download link to the Download Service screen, you can also install a link capture browser plugin in your web browser. Use the plugin to easily add a download link to the NSA's download service. See Section 9.11.3 on page 234 for more on the link capture browser plugin.

Internet Explorer

1 Open the folder containing the link capture browser plugin.
2 Double-click on the plugin to display the following screen. Click I Agree to begin installation.

3 Select a location to save the plugin and click Install. Close the screen once the installation is complete.

4 Open Internet Explorer and locate a download link. In this example, www.zyxel.com has a Download Now link for downloading a user's guide for ZyXEL's NBG410W3G (a 3G wireless router). Right-click on the download link and select NSA Setting.

5 Enter the NSA's web address (nsa210 by default) and click Apply. A warning message displays asking for confirmation. Click OK to apply the setting.

Firefox

1 Open Firefox.
2 Open the folder containing the link capture browser plugin.
3 To install the plugin, drag and drop the plugin to Firefox.

4 The following screen displays. Click Install Now.

5 You need to restart Firefox after the installation.

6 When Firefox restarts, a message displays to show the installation succeeded. The plugin is installed as an extension in Add-ons. Click Options to configure the NSA's web address.

7 Enter the NSA's web address (nsa210 by default) and click OK.

4.9.3 Using the Link Capture Browser Plugin

Once you install the plugin, you may begin sending download links to the NSA from your web browser. This example shows how to send a download link to the NSA's download service using the link capture browser plugin.

1 Open your Internet browser (this example uses Firefox).
2 Find a download link for the file you want. In this example, www.zyxel.com has a Download Now link for downloading a user's guide for ZyXEL's P-660W-T1 (an ADSL router).

3 Right-click on the download link and select Send to NSA.

4 The login screen shows up. Enter your NSA's login information and click Login to send the link to the download service. A confirmation message displays.

5 Log into the NSA Web Configurator (see Section 3.3 on page 54) using the administrator account and click Application Zone and the Application Zone > Download Service link.

6 The download task appears in the Download Service screen's Active or Queue tab. It may appear in the Completed tab if the NSA already finished downloading the file or it may appear in the Error tab if the NSA failed to download the file.

By default the NSA stores all downloads in the admin share's download folder. See Section 4.8.4 on page 98, Section 4.8.5 on page 100, or Section 4.8.6 on page 102 for how to access a share.

4.9.4 Configuring the Download Service Preferences

Once you added a list of download tasks to the NSA (see Section 4.9.1 on page 103 and Section 4.9.3 on page 111), you can have the NSA download files during a specific time period of the day. You can also configure the BitTorrent settings to control bandwidth and optimize download efficiency.

Say you have the NSA turned on all the time, but you only want the NSA download files at night. Here is how you use the download period control feature to set the time range.

1 Click Applications > Download Service > Preferences to open the General Settings screen.
2 Select Enable Download Period Control and use the arrows to adjust the time period from 23:30 to 09:00. Click Apply to save your changes. The NSA only downloads files within this 9.5-hour period every day.

Note: If you configure the Power On/Off Schedule feature in the Power Management screen, make sure your active download period does not conflict with the power-off period.

Note: If power failure occurs during the active download period, the NSA will verify whether the downloaded files were damaged. If a file is corrupted, the NSA will download the file again. If the file is intact but not completely downloaded, the NSA will resume the download task after it restarts.

3 When it is not the download time, you see a message in the Download Service screen, indicating the active download period.

Click Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent to open the following screen. Enter the information below and then click Apply.

Here is a list of BitTorrent settings you want to configure for your NSA:

- Limit the maximum upload rate to 20 KB/s.

Enter this value in the Max. upload rate field.

- Actively download three torrent files but only upload one at a time.

Enter 3 in the Maximum Number of Active Torrents field and enter 1 in the Maximum Number of Seeding Jobs field.

- Keep sharing until the NSA has shared equal or greater amount of the downloaded files.

Select the check box and enter 100 in the Upload/ Download Ratio field.

- Click Edit IP Filter. Use an online IP filter table from http://www.bluetack.co.uk/config/level1.gz for example to protect BitTorrent downloads.

Enter the URL in the Update IP Filter from the Internet Every Week field.

4.9.5 Using Download Service Notification

Use an RSS feed reader on your computer to keep track of files the NSA has downloaded. The following examples show how to subscribe to the NSA's download service notifications. See Section 9.11.4 on page 235 for more on download service notifications.

Some RSS readers may not support the NSA's download service notifications. For example, Google Reader cannot support this feature if the NSA has a private IP address.

Note: It is recommended to subscribe to the download service notifications using the built-in reader in Internet Explorer 7 or higher, or Firefox.

You have to activate this feature in the Download Service screen. Click Applications > Download Service to open the following screen. Select Enable Download Notify and click Apply.

Internet Explorer 7 Example

1 After you activate download service notification, click the RSS feed icon.

2 The following screen displays. Select Subscribe to this feed.

3 The following screen displays. Click Subscribe.

4 Click the Favorite icon on your browser and select the Feeds tab to check the updates of your NSA's download list.

Firefox Example

1 After you activate download service notification, click the RSS feed icon.

2 The following screen displays. Select LiveBookmarks from the drop-down list and click Subscribe Now.

3 The following screen displays. Select Bookmarks Menu and click Add.

4 From the Firefox's Bookmarks Menu, select Download Notify to check the updates of your NSA's download list.

4.10 Broadcasting Tutorial

Use broadcatching to have the NSA download frequently updated digital content like TV programs, radio talk shows, Podcasts (audio files), and blogs. This example shows how to subscribe the NSA to the CNET TV Internet television channel. See Section 9.8 on page 221 for more on the broadcatching service.

1 Open your Internet browser (this example uses Firefox).
2 Find the link for the RSS feed containing the channel you want to add. In this example, http://reviews.cnet.com/4520-11455_7-6333605-1.html has an RSS link for subscribing to the CNET Live podcast. However this is not the link for the actual RSS feed. Click the link to go to another screen that has RSS feed links.

Note: Make sure the link goes to the actual RSS feed instead of to another list of links or information about the channel.

One way to test this is by clicking the link. Clicking an actual RSS feed link opens a screen of XML code (in browsers without an RSS feed aggregator) or a window where you can add the RSS feed (in browsers with an RSS feed aggregator).

3 Right-click the download link and select Copy Link Location in Firefox (or Copy Shortcut in Internet Explorer).

4 Log into the NSA Web Configurator (see Section 3.3 on page 54) using the administrator account and click Administration > Applications > Broadcatching.

5 Click Add Channel.

6 Right-click the URL field and select Paste.

7 The URL displays in the URL field.

8 Select a policy for what items to download. This example uses Manually Choose Items for Download so you will be able to select individual items to download later.

9 Select a policy for what items to delete. This example keeps the most recent 10 items.

10 Click Apply.

11 After a few moments, the channel appears in the Broadcasting screen where you can select items you want to download. The NSA saves the items you download in a folder named after the channel. By default, the channel folders are created in the admin share's download folder. The NSA's media server feature makes it easy for users on your network to play the broadcasting files you download. See Section 9.11.1 on page 232 for more on the media server.

4.11 Printer Server Tutorial

Do the following to have the NSA let computers on your network share a printer. See www.zyxel.com for a list of compatible printers.

1 Make sure the NSA is on and the SYS light is on steady (not blinking).

2 Use a USB cable to connect the printer's USB port to one of the NSA's USB ports. Make sure the printer is also connected to an appropriate power source.

graph TD
    A["Desktop Computer"] --> B["Switch"]
    C["Desktop Computer"] --> B
    D["Desktop Computer"] --> B
    B --> E["USB PRINTER"]
    E --> F["Printer"]
    G["NSA"] --> E

3 Turn on the printer.

4 The NSA detects the printer after a few moments.

5 On your computer, open your CIFS file sharing program (Windows Explorer for example) and browse to the NSA. Double-click the printer's icon.

6 If you get a warning screen, click the option that lets you continue (Yes in this example).

7 If your computer does not already have the printer's driver installed, you will need to install it. In this example, click OK.

8 Use the wizard screens to install the printer driver on the computer. You may need to get the file from the printer's CD or the printer manufacturer's website (the driver is not installed on the NSA).

Note: You must install the printer driver on each computer that will use the printer.

After the driver installation finishes, the computer is ready to use the printer. Select the printer in an application to use it to print. Browse to the NSA using a CIFS program (like Windows Explorer) and double-click the printer's icon to open the printer's queue of print jobs.

Note: Repeat steps 5 to 8 on your other computers so they can also use the printer.

4.12 Copy and Flickr Auto Upload Tutorial

Amy received some photos taken during her best friend's wedding and saved the files on a USB disk. She wants to save a copy of the photos in the NSA and upload the photos to her Flickr account.

Amy has to activate the NSA's auto upload feature. See Section 11.4 on page 306 for more details on setting up a Flickr account for auto upload. In this example Amy select the NSA's photo share for auto upload.

This is how Amy would transfer the files from her USB disk to the NSA.

1 Click Applications > Copy/ Sync Button in the navigation panel to open the screen.
2 Configure the copy settings as shown and click Apply.

3 Press and release the COPY/ SYNC button on the NSA's front panel to start copying files.
4 The copied files can be found in a new folder in the photo share. The name of this folder is the date (yyyy-mm-dd) and time (hh:mm:ss) when the folder is created.

5 The NSA also automatically uploads the copied files to Flickr.

4.13 FTP Uploadr Tutorial

FTP Uploadr can automatically upload files saved on the NSA to a remote FTP server. Amy wants to share files on her NSA with Susan. They each have an NSA

at home, so Susan has to set her NSA as an FTP server for Amy to automatically send files using FTP Uploadr.

graph LR
    A["Amy's NSA"] --> B["File Exchange"]
    B --> C["Susan's NSA"]

To set the NSA as an FTP server, click Applications > FTP to open the FTP screen. Select Enable FTP and click Apply.

Susan also has to create a user account and share on her NSA for Amy to upload files. The share is used for files uploaded from Amy's NSA. Amy will then use the following information to configure FTP Uploadr on her NSA.

Table 17 FTP Uploadr Tutorial: FTP Server Information

FTP Domain Name or IP Address	example2.com
FTP User Name Amy
FTP Password xxxxx
Share (Remote Path) Amy

This is how Amy would set up the NSA's FTP Uploadr.

1 Click Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr to open the FTP Uploadr screen. Select Enable FTP Uploadr and click Apply to turn on FTP Uploadr.

2 Click Add Server.

3 Enter the information as describe in Table 17 on page 126. Click Apply to add the server.

4 In the FTP Uploadr screen, click Preferences to configure the auto upload settings.

5 Amy wants to share video files with Susan. In the Preferences screen, click the Add button and select video from the Shares drop-down list box, enter a forward slash in the Path field and click Apply to add the share to the Folder Watch List.

6 Amy also set the Bandwidth Limit to 20KB/s so that the upload doesn't slow down her Internet connection.

Now Amy has set up FTP Uploadr to send files to Susan's NSA. Every time Amy adds new files or renames files in the video share, these new or modified files will be uploaded automatically to the Amy share on Susan's NSA.

Similarly, Susan can go through the steps described above to configure FTP Uploadr on her NSA. Once Susan completes the setup, Amy can also receive files from Susan's NSA.

graph TD
    A["Amy's NSA"] --> B["Document"]
    B --> C["Susan's NSA"]
    C --> A
    A --> D["Document"]
    D --> E["Document"]
    E --> C

4.14 Web Configurator's Security Sessions

These tutorials show you how to configure security for the NSA's Web Configurator sessions. You will customize the NSA's self-signed SSL certificate and distribute it to your users.

4.14.1 Customizing the NSA's Certificate

1 Click Maintenance > SSL and then select Edit a self-signed CA certificate and click Edit.

2 Next, let's modify the certificate by changing the Common Name to this NSA's host name of "nsa210", the Organization to "Test" and the Key Length to 2048.

3 The NSA restarts its network services and returns you to the login screen.

4.14.2 Downloading and Installing Customized Certificate

1 Log in and return to Maintenance > SSL. Under Modify the Existing Certificate, click Download.

2 Save the file to your computer.

3 Find the certificate file on your computer and double-click it.

4 Install the certificate. The rest of the steps in this section are an example of installing a certificate in Windows. See Appendix D on page 463 for other examples. In the Certificate dialog box, click Install Certificate.

5 In the Certificate Import Wizard, click Next.

6 Leave Automatically select certificate store based on the type of certificate selected and click Next.

7 In the Completing the Certificate Import Wizard screen, click Finish.

8 If you are presented with another Security Warning, click Yes.

9 Finally, click OK when presented with the successful certificate installation message.

4.14.3 Turn on the NSA's Web Security

Now that you have customized the NSA's certificate and installed it in your computer, you can turn on security for your Web Configurator sessions. This example uses Firefox 3.0. See Appendix D on page 463 for more information on browsers and certificates.

1 Close your web browser and open it again to reset its session with the NSA. Log in and click Maintenance > SSL. Select Force HTTPS and click Apply.

2 A warning screen pops up if applying your change may disconnect some users. Click Apply to continue.

3 The NSA logs you out and automatically redirects your formerly non-secure (HTTP) connection to a secure (HTTPS) connection. Your browser may give you a warning about the device's public key certificate. Add an exception to allow your browser to bypass the warning.

4 Click Add Exception.

Secure Connection Failed

1. uses an invalid security certificate.

The certificate is not trusted because it is self signed.

The certificate is only valid for nsa210

(Error code: sec_error_untrusted_issuer)

• This could be a problem with the server's configuration, or it could be someone trying to impersonate the server.
• If you have connected to this server successfully in the past, the error may be temporary, and you can try again later.

You should not add an exception if you are using an internet connection that you do not trust completely or if you are not used to seeing a warning for this server.

Get me out of here!

Add Exception...

5 Click Get Certificate.

6 Before you add an exception, verify that the device to which you are trying to connect is providing the correct certificate. Click View.

7 The SHA1 fingerprint must match the NSA's certificate you downloaded from the NSA to your computer. (Double-click the NSA's certificate file and then click Details and look at the Thumbprint). Click Close.

8 If the certificate fingerprints match, click Confirm Security Exception, otherwise click Cancel.

9 The login screen displays.

Now, anyone who connects to the NSA's Web Configurator screens will automatically do so by HTTPS. Use a secure method to let your users know the correct fingerprint for the NSA's certificate so they can check it before adding a security exception (as in steps 6 to 7 on pages 139 to 140). See the next section for how to use FTPES with the NSA for secure FTP transfers.

4.15 Using FTPES to Connect to the NSA

This section covers how to use FTP over Explicit TLS/SSL with the NSA for secure FTP transfers. Before you go through this section, read Section 4.14 on page 130 to configure HTTPS. This example uses FileZilla.

1 Open FileZilla and click File > Site Manager > New Site.

• Configure the Host field with the NSA's address.
• Set the Servertype to FTPES - FTP over explicit TLS/ SSL.
• Configure the account name and password.
• Click Connect.

2 A security warning screen displays. The SHA1 fingerprint must match the NSA's certificate you downloaded from the NSA to your computer. (Double-click the NSA's certificate file and then click Details and look at the Thumbprint). If they match, click OK.

The shares and folders to which Gonzo has access display. Now you can use FTP to securely transfer files to or from the NSA. Use a secure method to let your users know the correct fingerprint for the NSA's certificate so they can check it before adding a security exception.

4.16 Using a Mac to Access the NSA

This tutorial shows you how to find the NSA on Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).

You can access the NSA in two ways:

• Use the Finder to browse for the NSA, or
- Use the Finder > Go option to connect to the NSA.

4.16.1 Finder

1 Open a new Finder window.

2 Select All under the SHARED sidebar. Look for the NSA from the Network list.

3 Expand the NSA to display the shares you may access.

4.16.2 Go Menu

4 In the Finder, click Go > Connect to Server.

5 When the Connect to Server dialog box opens, enter smb:// and the NSA's IP address in the Server Address field. You may also click Browse to have the Mac search for the NSA. Click Connect.

6 Once you establish the connection, you can access the NSA from the Finder or directly from the desktop.

4.17 How to Use BackupPlanner

Note: The screens and links in this section appear only after you have installed and enabled BackupPlanner. BackupPlanner is an application that you can install using Package Management (see Chapter 10 on page 247.)

Use the NSA's BackupPlanner to have a backup of your files and folders.

Schedule backups for times when the network is not busy (like at night or on weekends). For example, you might do daily backups of important individual files or folders and a weekly general archive. You can save backups to another location so your files can survive even if the original RAID or NSA fails.

4.17.1 Creating an Archive Backup

To backup the NSA every week to a remote NSA:

1 Click Protect > Backup > Add Job.

Figure 58 Protect > Backup

2 Identify the backup job and select Archive.

New files are often added to the shares that you need to back up and existing files are not frequently changed so select Incremental. The NSA does a full backup first and later only copies source files that are new and/or modified since the last backup. This example sets the NSA to do another full backup after every four incremental backups.

Figure 59 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 1

3 Select the volume1 check box to select all the folders and files.

Select Remote and enter the other NSA's address, username, password, and share name.

If you want to make sure the remote NSA is reachable, click Test Connection.

Figure 60 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 2

4 In this example, the target NSA is on the LAN so leave the compression off.

Security is already configured on the target NSA so you can leave the encryption off, too.

Have the NSA keep 3 backups.

Figure 61 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 3

5 Set the frequency to Weekly. Schedule the backup for 5:00 every Saturday morning.

Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 4

4.17.2 Creating a Synchronization Backup

To create a synchronization backup:

1 Click Protect > Backup > Add Job.

Figure 62 Protect > Backup

Name the backup job and select Synchronization.

You want only your current set of files in the remote NSA's folder, so you select Mirror to make the target folder identical to the source folder. The NSA deletes any other files in the target folder.

Figure 63 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 1

2 Select the folder that needs to be mirrored (your Private folder in this example) and Remote.

• Enter the other NSA's address and administrator password.
• Click Show target content to display the remote NSA's contents.
• Select the destination on the remote NSA (Backups in this example).
• Click Next.

Figure 64 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 2

3 Click OK in the warning dialog box.

Figure 65 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 3

4 For this example, assume the connection to the German branch office is a good one and not many files need to be backed up so leave the compression off.

• Turn on the encryption to protect these sensitive files during the transfer. The final files stored on the remote NSA will be unencrypted (usable).
• Restrict the bandwidth usage to 256 KB/s to stop the archives from using all of your network connection's available bandwidth.
• You don't have to configure a purge policy for a synchronization backup.
• Click Next.

Figure 66 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 3

5 Schedule the backup to occur every morning at 3:00 and click Done.

Figure 67 Protect > Backup > Add Job: Step 4

You do not need to use a special restore process to use the files a synchronization backup creates. The copy of files that the NSA creates on the other NSA's Backups share can be used directly by anyone with access to that share.

4.17.3 Restoring Archived Files by Backup Job

If you have backup jobs for which the NSA has already performed backups, you can restore the files based on the backup job. Do the following:

1 Click Protect > Backup screen, select a backup job and click Restore Archive.

Figure 68 Protect > Backup

2 Select which backup to use and click Next.

Figure 69 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 1

3 Select the share where you have stored your the backup you want to restore and click Next.

Figure 70 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 2

4 Select the original location and click Done.

Figure 71 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 3

5 The NSA restores the files into the share. When it finishes you can access the files.

Figure 72 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Progress

4.17.4 Restoring by Backup Files

If you deleted an archive backup job or the NSA or the RAID array containing the backup job failed you cannot restore archived files by the backup job. In this example, the NSA's RAID array failed. You've replaced the hard drives and reconfigured the RAID. To restore by backup files:

1 Click Protect > Restore. Specify where the archive files are located. In this example, enter "192.168.3.2" as the IP address, "admin" as the account name, "1234" as the password, and "Backups" as the share name. Click Test Connection. Click Next.

Figure 73 Protect >Restore: Step 1

2 Select the backup job and backup time and click Next.

Figure 74 Protect >Restore: Step 2

3 Select everything in the share except the recycle folder. Click Next.

Figure 75 Protect > Restore: Step 3

4 Browse to the folder where you want to put the files. Click Done.

Figure 76 Protect > Restore: Step 4

5 The NSA restores the files and you can use them again.

PART II

Technical Reference

Status Screen

5.1 Overview

This chapter describes the Status screen, which is the first advanced administration screen that displays.

5.2 The Status Screen

Click Administration in the Home screens (Section 3.5 on page 71) to open the Web Configurator. You can also view the status screen, by clicking Status on the top-left of the navigation panel.

Figure 77 Status

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 18 Status

LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Information
Server Name This displays the name which helps you find the NSA on the network. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can configure this.
Model Name This displays which model this NSA device is.
Firmware Version	This is the NSA firmware version. Click the Edit icon to go to the Maintenance > FW Upgrade screen from which you can upload/upgrade new firmware.
MAC Address This displays the NSA's unique physical hardware address (MAC). You need the MAC address to register the product at myZyXEL.com. Customer support may also request it for troubleshooting purposes.
Media Server Status	This shows whether the media server function is enabled or disabled. It must be enabled for media clients to play content files stored on the NSA. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can configure this.
FTP Server Status This shows whether the FTP server function is enabled or disabled. It must be enabled to use FTP file transfer to/from the NSA. Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can configure this.
Web Publishing Status	This shows whether the Web server function is enabled or disabled. It must be enabled to use HTTP to access shares on the NSA. Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can configure this.
UPS This shows the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) capacity.Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can configure this.
CPU Usage This displays a summary of CPU usage by all current processes.Click the Refresh icon to update this display. It also automatically updates itself every 10 seconds.Note: If too many users are using the NSA then the NSA may appear sluggish.
CPU Temperature This displays the current temperature near the NSA's CPU. The NSA generates an emergency log if the temperature goes out of the normal operating range. If the temperature goes even higher, the NSA shuts down automatically to avoid damage from overheating. If the NSA overheats, make sure the fans are working and it is in a well ventilated place.Click the Refresh icon to update this display. It also automatically updates itself every 60 seconds.
Fan Speed This is the RPM (Rotations Per Minute) of the NSA's fans.Click the Refresh icon to update this display. It also automatically updates itself every 60 seconds.
Memory Usage This shows how much of the NSA's total memory is being used.Click the Refresh icon to update this display. It also automatically updates itself every 10 seconds.
Volume Status A volume is a storage area on a single disk or spread across a number of disks within a single file system.
SATA Volume This displays the volumes created on the hard drives installed in the NSA.Click the Edit icon to open the Storage screen. You can create and edit the NSA's internal volume. See Chapter 7 on page 171 for more details.
USB Volume This displays the volumes created on USB hard drives connected to the NSA. USB disks are numbered in the order that you insert USB devices.Click the Edit icon to open the Storage screen. You can create and edit the external volume. See Chapter 7 on page 171 for more details.
Status This icon indicates whether the volume is healthy, degraded, or down.
Name This field shows the name for the volume.
Configuration	This field (also known as Type) shows what type of data storage system (a RAID type or JBOD) an internal volume is using.
File System This field	shows what file system an external (USB) volume is using.
Disk(s) For internal drives, this shows which hard drive bays are included in the volume. For external drives, this field shows Front USB for the front USB port and Rear USB for the rear USB port.
Disk Usage This field	shows total disk size, the percentage of the disk being used and the percentage that is available.
Active Sessions This shows how many users are currently connected to the NSA.
Type This shows whether it's a Windows/CIFS, web (Web Configurator), or FTP connection to the NSA.
Share Name This displays the shared folder name on the NSA that the user is connected to for CIFS sessions and is blank for FTP and web sessions.
Username This displays the name of the user connected to the NSA if one is defined. ANONYMOUS FTP displays if a username is not defined for the user's connection.
Connected At This displays the date and time the user last connected to the NSA in year, month, day, hour, minute, second format.
IP Address	This displays the IP address of the computer connected to the NSA.

System Setting

6.1 Overview

This chapter gives an overview of the various features included in the system setting screens. You can identify your NSA on the network and set the time that the NSA follows for its scheduled tasks/logs.

6.2 What You Can Do

- Use the Server Name screen (Section 6.4 on page 166) to specify the NSA's server and workgroup names.

- Use the Date/ Time screen (Section 6.5 on page 167) to set up date/time and choose a time zone for the NSA.

6.3 What You Need to Know

Windows/CIFS

Common Internet File System (CIFS) is a standard protocol supported by most operating systems in order to share files across the network.

• CIFS is included by default in Windows operating systems.
• You can use Samba with Linux to use CIFS.
  • CIFS transfers use security.

Time Lag

Time lag occurs when the time on the NSA falls behind the time on the time server. This may happen if:

• the time server is no longer reachable
- if the NSA is shut down often (the NSA internal battery keeps time when the NSA is shut down and this may cause possible variance)

• power surges occur.

The NSA gives no warning if time lag occurs. You should resynchronize the time after a power surge or after you have shut down the NSA several times.

6.4 The Server Name Screen

Click System Setting > Server Name to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure your CIFS settings. In this screen you can set your server name and specify if your NSA is a part of a workgroup.

Note: CIFS cannot be disabled on the NSA.

Figure 78 System Setting > Server Name

The following table describes the labels in these screens.

Table 19 System Setting > Server Name

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Name Enter a name to identify your NSA on the network in this field.You can enter up to 15 alphanumeric characters with minus signs allowed but not as the last character. The name must begin with an alphabet (a-z) and is NOT case sensitive.
Description	Add text here to describe the NSA if the Server Name field is not enough. Use up to 61 characters. You can use all characters except the following: /\:|[]<>+;,?=*~.
Workgroup Name Type	your workgroup name in this field. A workgroup is a group of computers on a network that can share files. These user accounts are maintained on the NSA.You can enter up to 15 alphanumeric characters with minus signs allowed but not as the last character. The name must begin with an alphabet (a-z) and is NOT case sensitive.
Prevent NSA From Being Master Browser	Select this option if computers in your workgroup are named with non-English characters (such as Chinese and Russian). When you perform a search in the workgroup, this option allows you to locate computers named with non-English characters.
Apply Click this to save	your changes.
Reset Click this to restore	previously saved settings.

6.5 The Date/Time Screen

Use this screen to select a time zone and a time server from which your NSA can get the time and date. This time is then used in NSA logs and alerts.

Click the System Setting link in the navigation panel and then click the Date/Time link to access the Date/Time screen.

Figure 79 System Setting > Date/Time

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 20 System Setting > Date/Time

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current System Date Time Setting
Current Time This field displays the time used by your NSA for its logs and alerts.
Current Date This field displays the date used by your NSA for its logs and alerts.
Date Time Setup
Manual Select this radio	button to enter the time and date manually.When you enter the time settings manually, the NSA uses the new setting once you clickApply.Note: If you enter time settings manually, they revert to their defaults when power is lost.
New Date (yyyyMMdd)-mm-dd)	This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the last date configured manually.When you setTime and Date Setupto Manual, enter the new date in this field and then clickApply.
New Time(hh:mm:ss)	This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the last time configured manually.When you setTime and Date Setupto Manual, enter the new time in this field and then clickApply.
Get from Time Server Select this check box to have the NSA get the time and date from the time server you select in theTime Server Address field.
Time Server Address	Select a time server from the drop-down list box or selectSpecify my own time serverand enter the time server you wish to use in the field below. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this information.
Synchronize Now Click this for the NSA to retrieve the correct time from the configured time server right away.
Time Zone
Time Zone Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Manual Daylight Saving	Daylight saving is a period from late spring to fall when many countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.Select this option to manually enter Daylight Saving Time settings. Clear this option to have the NSA automatically retrieve Daylight Saving Time settings from the Internet. The NSA will download a new daylight saving resource file from the Internet every month.
Start Date	Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Enable Daylight Saving. The hour field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the second Sunday of March. Each time zone in the United States starts using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would use March, Second, Sunday, at 2:00.Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select March, Last, Sunday. The time you specify depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
End Date	Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you selected Enable Daylight Saving. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Here are a couple of examples:Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the first Sunday of November. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would select November, First, Sunday, at 2:00.Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So in the European Union you would select October, Last, Sunday. The time you specify depends on your time zone. In Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Offset Specify by how m	any hours to change the time for Daylight Saving Time.
Apply Click this to save	your changes. If you configured a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the same time, all of the settings take affect.
Reset Click this to restore	previously saved settings.

Storage

7.1 Overview

Several NSA features require a valid internal volume. This chapter covers the management of volumes and disks (both internal and external).

7.2 What You Can Do

Use the Storage screen (Section 7.4 on page 173) to create and edit volumes in the NSA. You can view information on all volumes, create internal and external volumes, and configure the volume's properties.

7.3 What You Need to Know

Disk

The NSA requires an initialized SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) hard disk to function. Refer to the Quick Start Guide for steps on how to initialize the hard disk.

SATA or Serial ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) is a computer bus technology that allows high-speed data transfer to and from hard disks.

An eSATA (external SATA) hard disk has the same specifications as a SATA hard disk but is attached to the NSA using a cable. It can be used either to expand storage or backup data. The eSATA hard disk is optional.

You can attach one SATA and one eSATA to the NSA hard disk tray. Both SATA and eSATA hard disks are treated by the NSA as internal disks/volumes (refer to Section 7.4.1 on page 174).

The NSA can work with up to two USB hard disks. The USB-attached storage disks are treated by NSA as external disks/volumes (refer to Section 7.4.3 on page 178).

Volume

A volume is a storage area on a disk or disks. You can create volumes on the internal disks and external disks attached to the USB port(s). You can spread a volume across internal disks but not between internal and external disks.

An internal disk/volume is the disk/volume that is physically installed in the NSA hard disk tray. The external disk/volume refers to disk drive(s) attached to NSA's USB port(s).

Storage Methods

The NSA uses the following storage methods:

• RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
  • PC Compatible Volume
  • JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks)

The storage method you use depends on how many disks you have and how many volumes you want to create. It's important that you consider this carefully as all data is deleted when you re-create a volume. See Figure 7.5.1 on page 179 for details on choosing a storage method.

Note: By default, the internal hard disk (SATA) you attach to the NSA is configured as JBOD and cannot be modified. You can attach a second internal hard disk (an eSATA hard disk) and configure the storage method of the internal hard disks (both SATA and eSATA).

Finding Out More

See Section 7.5 on page 179 for more technical background information on storage.

7.4 The Storage Screen

The Storage screen allows you to create and edit volumes in the NSA.

Click Storage > Volume in the navigation panel to display the following screen. Use this screen to display SATA (internal) and USB (external) volumes on the NSA.

Note: It is recommended to scan the volume every three months or 32 reboots.

Figure 80 Storage > Volume

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 21 Storage > Volume

LABEL DESCRIPTION
SATA/USB Volume These tables display information on all internal SATA volumes (created on NSA internal disk drives) and external volumes (created on external disk drives attached to the NSA USB ports).
Create a SATA Volume	Click this to format internal hard drives and create a new volume. All data on the disk(s) will be lost.
Create a USB Volume Click this to format an external hard drive and create a new volume. All data on the disk will be lost.
Status This field shows whether the volume is Healthy, Resync, Recovering, Degraded, or Down. See Section 7.5.3 on page 181 for details on a volume's status.
Volume The NSA creates the volume name automatically. You can edit it.
Disk Configuration This field shows which disks and data storage system the volume is using.
File System This field displays the file system that an external (USB) volume is using.
Disk(s) Click or roll your	mouse over a link in this column to display the following details about the hard drive located in the corresponding hard drive bay.Type: Whether it is an internal or external (USB) hard drive.Model Name: This is the hard disk number that identifies the disk.File System: The file system that an external volume is using Capacity: The total storage space on the disk.
Capacity This field shows	total disk size, the percentage of the volume being used and the percentage that is available.
Actions This field displays	icons allowing you to edit, scan, repair or delete a volume. You can also locate or eject an external volume.Note: If you delete a volume, all data in the volume disk(s) is erased.

You see a warning screen before you delete a volume.

Figure 81 Delete a Volume Warning Screen

7.4.1 Creating a SATA Volume

Note: An eSATA hard disk is required in order to create a SATA volume. Otherwise, the NSA shows an error "No disk is available for creating new volume." The SATA hard disk is configured as a JBOD volume by default.

Click the Create a SATA Volume button in the Storage > Volume screen as shown in Section 7.4 on page 173 to open the following screen. Use this screen to create a new NSA internal disk drive volume.

Note: Creating a volume formats the hard drive. All data on the disk will be lost.

Figure 82 Storage > Volume > Create a SATA Volume

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 22 Storage > Volume > Create a SATA Volume

Volume Name Type	a volume name from 1 to 31 characters. To avoid confusion, it is highly recommended that each volume use a unique name.Acceptable characters are all alphanumeric characters, " " [spaces], "_" [underscores], and "." [periods].The first character must be alphanumeric (A-Z 0-9).The last character cannot be a space " ".For an external volume, type a volume name from 1 to 32 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing external volume.
JBOD Use this if you want maximum storage capacity and/or you have other means of protecting your data. JBOD is the only option if you only have one disk installed.Select which disks should make up this volume. A disk can only belong to one volume. You do not need to select anything if only one hard disk is installed.•Internal Disk- This refers to the hard disk you installed inside the NSA.•External Disk- This refers to the eSATA hard disk that you can attach as a second drive to your NSA.
PC Compatible Volume	This type is only available if you have attached an eSATA hard disk to your NSA.A primary partition is created on the eSATA hard disk.Use this to make your eSATA hard disk readable by other computer systems. However, the computer's platform (for example, Windows XP SP2) should support the file system you selected for the eSATA hard disk.•External Disk- This is checked automatically. It refers to the eSATA hard disk that you can attach as a second drive to your NSA.•File System- Select the file system you want the new volume to use.Windows file systems include:NTFS: Recommended for volumes greater than 40 GB.FAT32: Newer, and more efficient than FAT16. Supports a volume size of up to 32 GB (Giga Bytes) and individual file sizes of up to 4 GB.FAT16: Compatible with older Windows operating systems.Supports volume and file sizes of up to 2 GB.Linux file systems include:EXT2: Most commonly used on Linux platforms.EXT3: The same as EXT2, but adds a journaled file system and is more robust.ReiserFS: Offers better performance for small files.XFS: Allows expansion for mounted volumes.
RAID 1 Use this if	you want to mirror all data on one disk to the other disk.This is only available when you have two hard disks installed (that is, the hard disk inside the NSA and an eSATA hard disk attached to the NSA.The External Disk and Internal Disk boxes are automatically checked.
Apply Click this to	save your changes and create the volume.
Cancel Click this to	exit this screen without saving your changes or creating a volume.

Note: Once you create the first volume on the NSA, it is recommended to restart the NSA for better performance.

7.4.2 Editing a Volume

Click an internal volume's Edit icon in the Storage > Volume screen as shown in Section 7.4 on page 173 to open the following screen. Use this screen to change the volume's name.

Figure 83 Storage > Volume > Edit

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 23 Storage > Volume > Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Volume Name For an internal volume, type a volume name from 1 to 31 characters. To avoid confusion, it is highly recommended that each volume use a unique name.Acceptable characters are all alphanumeric characters and " " [spaces], "_" [underscores], and "." [periods].The first character must be alphanumeric (A-Z, 0-9).The last character cannot be a space " ".For an external volume, type a volume name from 1 to 32 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing external volume.
Apply Click this to save your changes and rename the volume.
Cancel Click this to close this screen without saving your changes.

7.4.3 Creating a USB Volume

Click the Create a USB Volume button in the Storage > Volume screen as shown in Section 7.4 on page 173 to open the following screen. Use this screen to create a new NSA external disk drive volume.

Note: Creating a volume formats the drive. All data on the disk will be lost.

Figure 84 Storage > Volume > Create a USB Volume

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 24 Storage > Volume > Create a USB Volume

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Volume Name Type	a volume name from 1 to 31 characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing external volume.Acceptable characters are all alphanumeric characters and " " [spaces], "_" [underscores], and "." [periods].The first character must be alphanumeric (A-Z 0-9).The last character cannot be a space " ".
Available Disk(s)	Select the external (USB) device upon which you want to create the volume.
File System Select	the file system you want the new volume to use.Windows file systemsNTFS:Recommended for volumes greater than 40 GB.FAT32:Newer, and more efficient than FAT16. Supports a volume size of up to 2 TB (Tera Bytes) and individual file sizes of up to 4 GB.FAT16:Compatible with older Windows operating systems. Supports volume and file sizes of up to 2 GB.Linux file systemsEXT2:Most commonly used on Linux platforms.EXT3: The same as EXT2, but adds a journaled file system and is more robust.ReiserFS: Offers better performance for small files.XFS: Allows expansion for mounted volumes.
Apply Click this to save your changes and create the volume.
Cancel Click this to exit this screen without saving changes.

7.5 Storage Technical Reference

This section provides some background information about the topics covered in this chapter.

7.5.1 Choosing a Storage Method for a Volume

The following is a guide to help you choose a storage method for the various number of disks supported on the NSA. See Section 7.5.2 on page 180 for theoretical background on JBOD and the RAID levels used on the NSA. Typical applications for each method are also shown there.

One Disk

If you only have one disk, you must use JBOD. All disk space is used for your data - none is used for backup. If the disk fails, then you lose all the data on that volume (disk). You can add another disk to your one-disk JBOD volume later without having to re-create shares, access rights, and so on. Alternatively, you could create a different JBOD volume if you install a second disk. (and create new shares, access rights and so on).

Two Disks:

You may choose JBOD, PC Compatible Volume or RAID 1. With two disks you could create:

• up to two JBOD volumes
  • one PC Compatible volume + one JBOD
  • one RAID 1 volume

- Choose JBOD for flexibility and maximum usage of disk space for data.

- Choose RAID 1 if data security is more important than performance. Since RAID 1 mirrors data onto a second disk, you can recover all data even if one disk fails.

7.5.2 Storage Methods

This section contains theoretical background on JBOD, PC Compatible Volume and the RAID levels used on the NSA. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a method of storing data on multiple disks to provide a combination of greater capacity, reliability, and/or speed.

These are some terms that you need to know in order to understand storage systems.

- Mirroring

In a RAID system using mirroring, all data in the system is written simultaneously to two hard disks instead of one. This provides 100% data redundancy as if one disk fails the other has the duplicated data. Mirroring setups always require an even number of drives.

- Duplexing

Like in mirroring, all data is duplicated onto two distinct physical hard drives but in addition it also duplicates the hardware that controls the two hard drives (one of the drives would be connected to one adapter and the other to a second adapter).

RAID 1

RAID 1 creates an exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on another disk. This is useful when data backup is more important than data capacity. The following figure shows two disks in a single RAID 1 volume with mirrored data. Data is duplicated across two disks, so if one disk fails, there is still a copy of the data.

Table 25 RAID 1

A1 A1
A2 A2
A3 A3
A4 A4
DISK 1 DISK 2

As RAID 1 uses mirroring and duplexing, a RAID 1 volume needs an even number of disks (two or four for the NSA).

RAID 1 capacity is limited to the size of the smallest disk in the RAID array. For example, if you have two disks of sizes 150 GB and 200 GB respectively in one RAID 1 volume, then the maximum capacity is 150 GB and the remaining space (50 GB) is unused.

Typical applications for RAID 1 are those requiring high fault tolerance without need of large amounts of storage capacity or top performance, for example, accounting and financial data, small database systems, and enterprise servers.

RAID 1 and Data Protection

If a hard disk fails and you're using a RAID 1 volume, then your data will still be available (but at degraded speeds until you replace the hard disk that failed and resynchronize the volume). However, RAID cannot protect against file corruption, virus attacks, files incorrectly deleted or modified, or the NSA malfunctioning. Here are some suggestions for helping to protect your data.

• Place the NSA behind a hardware-based firewall. It should have stateful packet inspection, IDP (Intrusion Detection and Prevention), and anti-virus (like ZyXEL's ZyWALL UTM products for example).
• Use anti-virus software on your computer to scan files from others before saving the files on the NSA.

Keep another copy of important files (preferably in another location).

7.5.3 Volume Status

You (the administrator) can see the status of a volume in the Status or Storage screens.

The NSA has the following classifications for the status of a volume:

• Healthy if all disks in the volume are OK and the file system is functioning properly.
• OK means the USB connected device is functioning properly.
• Resync when you create a RAID 1 volume.
• Recovering appears when repairing a RAID 1 volume. (A RAID 1 volume was once degraded, but you have installed a new disk and the NSA is restoring the RAID 1 volume to a healthy state.)
• Degraded when a volume is currently down, but can be fixed. Data access may be slower from a degraded volume, so it's recommended that you replace the faulty disk and repair the volume as soon as you can.
• Inactive when a disk is missing from a two-disk JBOD volume. The volume is unusable. If you removed one of the disks you should be able to re-install it and use the volume again (as long as you did not change anything on the disk). If a disk has failed, you need to replace it and re-create the whole volume. All data will be lost. See page 387 for how to install or replace a hard drive.
• Down when a volume is down and can not be fixed.

A down RAID volume cannot be used until you repair or replace the faulty disk(s) in the volume. Degraded means one of the disks in the RAID volume is not

available but the volume can still be used. For a degraded volume, you should replace the faulty disk as soon as possible to obtain previous performance. See your Quick Start Guide for more information on replacing a disk.

If it's down, then the only indication is that you can no longer transfer files to/from the shares in the down volume.

Note: There is no explicit message from CIFS that tells users their volume is degraded or down.

7.5.4 Volumes and RAID

Note: Back up your data before deleting or re-creating a volume!

If you originally have one disk configured as JBOD, and you then install another disk and want to configure the two disks to use RAID 1, you should first back up all your data on the two disks (see the Memeo Autobackup utility on the included CD) and then restore your data later after you create the new volume type.

Below is a table that summarizes some attributes of RAID 1 as supported on the NSA. For capacity and storage efficiency, "S" is the size of the smallest drive in the array, and "N" is the number of drives in the array.

Performance rankings are approximations.

Table 26 RAID 1 Quick Overview

RAID Level 1
Number of Disks 2
Capacity S* N/2
Storage Efficiency	50%
Fault Tolerance YYYY
Availability YYYY
Read Performance	YYY
Write Performance	YYY

7.5.5 Disk Replacement Restrictions

Note: If you're using RAID 1 and the hard disk inside the NSA fails but the eSATA hard disk is still working, you can remove the hard disk inside the NSA and install the eSATA hard disk inside the NSA. Your NSA runs normally again, but you will need to have another eSATA hard disk attached to the NSA in order to employ RAID 1.

See the Quick Start Guide for information on replacing disks in the NSA. When replacing a disk in a degraded or down RAID volume, the new disk must be at least the same size or bigger than the other disks that are already in the RAID volume, so as all data in the volume can be restored.

For example, if you have RAID with 250 GB disks, you must put in a 250 GB or bigger disk as a replacement in order to restore all original data in that volume. If you put a bigger disk, the extra space on the disk will not be used.

Note: The NSA automatically repairs a degraded RAID if you insert an empty disk without an existing file system. Otherwise, when you replace a disk you must go to the Storage > Internal Volume > RAID screen, select the degraded array, and click Repair.

Resynchronizing or Recovering a RAID 1 Volume

Resynchronizing or recovering a RAID 1 volume that was down is done block-by-block, so the time it takes depends more on the size of your hard drive(s) than the amount of data you have on them.

Note: Do not restart the NSA while the NSA is resynchronizing or recovering a volume as this will cause the synchronization to begin again after the NSA fully reboots.

You can access data on a RAID volume while it is resynchronizing or recovering, but it is not recommended.

7.5.6 External Disks

You may connect USB storage devices that support the following file systems to the NSA.

• Windows File Systems: NTFS, FAT32 and FAT16.
• Linux File Systems: ReiserFS, EXT2, EXT3, and XFS.

Network

8.1 Overview

This chapter discusses the network configuration screens. The Network screens allow you to configure TCP/IP and PPPoE settings for the NSA.

8.2 What You Can Do

- Use the TCP/IP screen (Section 8.4 on page 187) to assign the NSA a dynamic or static IP address and DNS information.

- Use UPnP port mapping (Section 8.5 on page 190) to automatically configure your Internet gateway's firewall and Network Address Translation (NAT) to allow access to the NSA from the Internet.

- Use the PPPoE screen (Section 8.6 on page 194) to configure PPPoE settings for a direct Internet connection.

8.3 What You Need to Know

IP Address

The NSA needs an IP address to communicate with other devices on your network. The NSA can get an IP address automatically if you have a device on your network that gives them out. Or you can assign the NSA a static (fixed) IP address.

DNS Server Address

A DNS (Domain Name System) server maps domain names (like www.zyxel.com) to their corresponding numerical IP addresses. This lets you use domain names to access web sites without having to know their IP addresses. The NSA can receive the IP address of a DNS server automatically (along with the NSA's own IP address). You can also manually enter a DNS server IP address in the NSA.

PPPoE

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) allows the NSA to establish a direct Internet connection if you do not have a router. PPPoE is a dial-up connection. You need a username and password from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to set up the connection.

Jumbo Frames

Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames larger than 1500 bytes. They enable data transfer with less overhead. The bigger the frame, the better the network performance. Your network equipment such as computers, switches and routers must be capable of supporting jumbo frames. You also need to enable jumbo frames in all related network devices.

To use jumbo frames, your LAN must support 1 Gbps transmissions (Gigabit Ethernet). All of your network devices (computer Ethernet cards and switches, hubs, or routers) must also support the same size of jumbo frames that you specify in the NSA.

Note: If you enable jumbo frames on the NSA in a network that does not support them, you will lose access to the NSA. If this occurs, you will have to restore the factory default configuration. Push the RESET button on the NSA's rear panel and release it after you hear a beep.

In the following example, the NSA has jumbo frames enabled and set to 8KB frames. This means the computer, notebook computer, and switch must also have jumbo frames enabled and be capable of supporting 8KB frames.

Figure 85 Jumbo Frames

graph TD
    A["Desktop 1"] -->|8KB| B["Router"]
    C["Desktop 2"] -->|8KB| B
    B -->|8KB| D["Stacked Database"]

8.4 The TCP/IP Screen

Use the TCP/IP screen to have the NSA use a dynamic or static IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS servers.

Click Network > TCP/IP in the navigation panel to open the following screen.

Note: If you change the NSA's IP address, you need to log in again after you apply changes.

Figure 86 Network > TCP/IP

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 27 Network > TCP/IP

LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Dynamic Select this	option to have the NSA get IP address information automatically.If no IP address information is assigned, the NSA uses Auto-IP to assign itself an IP address and subnet mask. For example, you could connect the NSA directly to your computer. If the computer is also set to get an IP address automatically, the computer and the NSA will choose addresses for themselves and be able to communicate.
Static Select this option for the NSA to use fixed TCP/IP information. You must fill in the following fields.
IP Address Type	an IP address in this field.
IP Subnet Mask	Type an IP subnet mask in this field.
Default Gateway	Type a default gateway address in this field.
DNS DNS (Domain	Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. If you have the IP address(es) of the DNS server(s), enter them.
Dynamic Select the	option to have the NSA get a DNS server address automatically.
Static Select this option to choose a static DNS server address. Type the DNS server IP address(es) into the fields below.
Primary DNS Server	Type a primary DNS server IP address.
Secondary DNS Server	Type a secondary DNS server IP address.
HTTP (Web Configurator)
Enable Another Web Configuration Port	Select this to configure an additional HTTP port for accessing the Web Configurator. Specify a number in the Port Number field.
Jumbo Frames Jumbo frames improve network performance. You must have a 1 Gbps (Gigabit Ethernet) network that supports jumbo frames. Select the largest size of frame that all of your network devices (including computer Ethernet cards and switches, hubs, or routers) support.When enabled, you can choose between 4 KB, 8 KB, and 9 KB frame sizes.Note: If you enable jumbo frames on the NSA in a network that does not support them, you will lose access to the NSA. If this occurs, you will have to restore the factory default configuration. Push the RESET button on the NSA's rear panel and release it after you hear a beep.
Network Diagnostic Tool	Use this section to test the network connection to a particular IP address or domain name. Select an address or type it into the field. Then click Ping to have the NSA send a packet to test the network connection.Successfully pinged host - The NSA is able to "ping" the host, the network connection is OK.Unable to ping host - The NSA is able to "ping" the selected host.
Apply	Click this to save your TCP/IP configurations. After you click Apply, the NSA restarts. Wait until you see the Login screen or until the NSA fully boots and then use the NAS Starter Utility to rediscover it.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

8.5 UPnP Port Mapping Screen

Use UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) port mapping to allow access from the WAN to services you select on the NSA. It is recommended that you place the NSA behind an Internet gateway firewall device to protect the NSA from attacks from the Internet (see RAID 1 and Data Protection on page 181 for firewall type suggestions). Many such Internet gateways use UPnP to simplify peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. UPnP can automatically configure the Internet gateway's firewall and Network Address Translation (NAT) to allow access to the NSA from the Internet.

Figure 87 UPnP for FTP Access

graph LR
    A["192.168.1.20"] -->|TCP: 21| B["Router"]
    B -->|TCP: 21| C["INTERNET"]
    C --> D["Computer"]

In the above example, UPnP creates a firewall rule and NAT port forwarding mapping to send FTP traffic (using TCP port number 21) from the public IP address a.b.c.d to the NSA's private IP address of 192.168.1.20.

Use the NSA's UPnP Port Mapping screen to configure the UPnP settings your Internet gateway uses to allow access from the WAN (Internet) to services you select on the NSA. You can also set which port Internet users need to use in order to access a specific service on the NSA.

Note: To use UPnP port mapping, your Internet gateway must have UPnP enabled.

If your Internet gateway supports Port Address Translation (PAT is sometimes included with a port forwarding feature), you can have the Internet users use a different TCP port number from the one the NSA uses for the service.

Figure 88 UPnP Port Address Translation for FTP Example

graph LR
    A["192.168.1.20"] -->|TCP: 21| B["a.b.c.d"]
    B -->|TCP: 2100| C["INTERNET"]
    C --> D["Computer"]

In the above example, the Internet gateway uses PAT to accept Internet user FTP sessions on port 2100, translate them to port 21, and forward them to the NSA.

8.5.1 UPnP and the NSA's IP Address

It is recommended that the NSA use a static IP address (or a static DHCP IP address) if you will allow access to the NSA from the Internet. The UPnP-created NAT mappings keep the IP address the NSA had when you applied your settings in the UPnP Port Mapping screen. They do not automatically update if the NSA's IP address changes.

Note: WAN access stops working if the NSA's IP address changes.

For example, if the NSA's IP address was 192.168.1.33 when you applied the UPnP Port Mapping screen's settings and the NSA later gets a new IP address of 192.168.1.34 through DHCP, WAN access stops working because the Internet gateway still tries to forward traffic to IP address 192.168.1.33. Since you can no longer access the NSA from the WAN, you would have to access the NSA from the LAN and re-apply your UPnP Port Mapping screen settings to update the Internet gateway's UPnP port mappings.

Figure 89 UPnP Using the Wrong IP Address

graph LR
    A["192.168.1.34"] --> B["192.168.1.33"]
    B --> C["Router"]
    C --> D["INTERNET"]
    D --> E["Computer"]

8.5.2 UPnP and Security

UPnP's automated nature makes it easier to use than manually configuring firewall and NAT rules, but it is also less secure. Using UPnP may make your network more susceptible to snooping and hacking attacks.

8.5.3 The NSA's Services and UPnP

This section introduces the NSA's services which an Internet gateway can use UPnP to allow access to from the Internet.

BitTorrent

BitTorrent is a distributed peer-to-peer file-sharing protocol that the NSA's download service can use. Using UPnP port mapping for BitTorrent lets BitTorrent work faster.

CIFS (Windows File Sharing)

Common Internet File System (CIFS) is a standard protocol supported by most operating systems in order to share files across the network. Using UPnP port mapping for CIFS allows users to connect from the Internet and use programs like Windows Explorer to access the NSA's shares to copy files from the NSA, delete files on the NSA, or upload files to the NSA from the Internet.

If you configure UPnP port mapping to allow CIFS access from the WAN but cannot get it to work, you may also have to configure the Internet gateway to also allow NetBIOS traffic. See Section 6.3 on page 165 for more on CIFS.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol is a standard file transfer service used on the Internet. Using UPnP port mapping for FTP allows remote users to use FTP from the Internet to access the NSA's shares. A user with read and write access to a share can copy files from the share, delete files from the share, or upload files to the share. See Section 9.4 on page 200 for more on FTP. If you use UPnP to allow FTP access from the WAN, you may want to use a different WAN port number (instead of the default of port 21) to make it more secure. Remember to tell the remote users to use the custom port number when using FTP to access the NSA.

HTTP (Web Configurator)

You can use UPnP port mapping to allow access to the NSA's management screens. If you use UPnP to allow Web Configurator access from the WAN, you may want to use a different WAN port number (instead of the default of port 80) to make it more secure. Remember to use the custom port number when accessing the NSA's Web Configurator from the Internet.

HTTP (Web Published Shares)

This is the NSA's web publishing feature that lets people access files using a web browser without having to log into the Home screens. Use UPnP port mapping to allow access to these files from the Internet without having to enter a user name or password. See Section 9.7 on page 219 for more on web publishing.

8.5.4 Configuring UPnP Port Mapping

Click Network > UPnP > Port Mapping to display the UPnP Port Mapping screen.

Use this screen to set how the Internet gateway's UPnP feature configure's the Internet gateway's NAT IP address mapping and port mapping settings. These settings allow Internet users connected to the Internet gateway's WAN interface to

access services on the NSA. You can set which port Internet users need to use to access a specific service on the NSA.

Note: Some Internet gateways will delete all UPnP mappings after reboot. So if the Internet gateway reboots, you may need to use this screen again to re-apply the UPnP port mapping.

Figure 90 Network > UPnP > Port Mapping

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 28 Network > UPnP > Port Mapping

LABEL DESCRIPTION
LAN Use these fields to specify what port the Internet gateway uses to connect from its LAN port to the service on the NSA.
Service Name This is read-only field identifies a service on the NSA.
LAN Port	Specify the port number (1~65,536) the Internet gateway needs to use to connect from its LAN port to the service on the NSA. This is the NSA's internal port number for the service. Changing a service's port number in this screen also changes it in other NSA screens that display it. Similarly, changing a service's port number in another NSA screen also changes it here.
	The number below this icon is your Internet gateway's WAN IP address (the IP address your Internet gateway uses for connecting to the Internet).
WAN Use these fields to specify what port Internet users must use to connect to the Internet gateway's WAN port in order to connect to the service on the NSA.
Service Name This is read-only field identifies a service on the NSA.
Enable WAN Access	Select this check box to have UPnP configure your Internet gateway to allow access from the Internet to the NSA's service.If you clear this check box, people will not be able to access the NSA's service from the Internet unless you manually configure the Internet gateway's firewall and NAT rules to allow access.
WAN Port When you enable WAN access for one of the NSA's services, specify the port number (1~65,536) Internet uses need to use to connect to the Internet gateway's WAN port in order to access the service on the NSA. Whoever wants to access a service on the NSA from the Internet must use this port number.BitTorrent's WAN port must be the same as the LAN port.Make sure there is not another service using TCP protocol with the same port number. SeeAppendix C on page 459for a list of common services and their associated protocols and port numbers.If another device is using the same port (the Internet gateway has the same port number mapped to another LAN IP address), the NSA overwrites it when you apply the setting and WAN users can no longer access the other device.
	This icon means the service's LAN and WAN port numbers must be the same.
	This icon means another service is using the same port number as this service. Change the port number of one of the services so they use different port numbers.
	This icon means another service is using the listed port, but the port the other service is using will be replaced if you apply the setting. The other service will no longer be accessible from the listed port.
Apply	ClickApplyto save your changes back to the NSA.
Reset	ClickResetto begin configuring this screen afresh.

8.6 The PPPoE Screen

Use this screen to configure PPPoE settings for a direct Internet connection.

Click Network > PPPoE in the navigation panel to open the following screen.

Figure 91 Network > PPPoE

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 29 Network > PPPoE

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status
Status This field displays the status of PPPoE connection.
IP Address This field displays the IP address of your PPPoE connection.
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the IP subnet mask of your PPPoE connection.
Configuration
Enable PPPoE Connection	Select this option to establish a direct Internet connection for the NSA. You need to enter the username and password as given by your ISP.
Username Enter the username exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
Password Enter the password associated with the username above.
Password (Confirm)	Retype the password for confirmation.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore previously saved settings.

Applications

9.1 Overview

This chapter discusses the features in the Application screens. The NSA contains various applications for file sharing and downloading.

9.2 What You Can Do

- Use the FTP Server screen (Section 9.4 on page 200) to configure settings for FTP file transfers to/from the NSA.

- Use the Media Server screen (Section 9.5 on page 202) to share files with media clients.

- Use the Download Service screen (Section 9.6 on page 206) to download files from the Internet.

- Use the Web Publishing screen (Section 9.7 on page 219) to publish shares for people to access files using a web browser.

- Use the Broadcatching screen (Section 9.8 on page 221) to download frequently updated digital content like TV programs, radio talk shows, Podcasts (audio files), and blogs.

- Use the Print Server screen (Section 9.9 on page 229) to share a printer.

- Use the Copy/ Sync Button screen (Section 9.10 on page 231) to transfer files between a USB device and the NSA.

- Use the Package screen (Chapter 10 on page 247) to set up additional applications in your NSA. The NSA can download multiple packages/files at once and automatically goes through all the installation steps.

- Use the Auto Upload screens (Chapter 11 on page 305) to upload files in selected shares to your Flickr and/or YouTube accounts.

9.3 What You Need to Know

FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a file transfer service that operates on the Internet. A system running the FTP server accepts commands from a system running an FTP client. FTP is not a secure protocol. Your file transfers could be subject to snooping.

FTPES (File Transfer Protocol over Explicit TLS/SSL)

File Transfer Protocol over Explicit TLS/SSL (FTPES) is a file transfer service that uses either TLS (Transport Layer Security) or SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) for secure transfers across the Internet. It requests for a mutual method of encryption from the FTP server for its file transfer sessions. Your FTP client must be set to use FTPES as in the following example.

Figure 92 FTP Client Example

Media Server

The media server feature lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from the NSA (without having to copy them to another computer). The NSA can function as a DLNA-compliant media server and/or an iTunes server. The NSA streams files to DLNA-compliant media clients or computers using iTunes. The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a group of personal computer and electronics companies that works to make products compatible in a home network.

iTunes Server

The NSA iTunes server feature lets you use Apple's iTunes software on a computer to play music and video files stored on the NSA. You can download iTunes from www.apple.com.

Download Service

The NSA's download service downloads files from the Internet directly to the NSA. You do not have to download to your computer and then copy to the NSA. This can free up your computer's system resources.

The NSA can download using these protocols.

• HTTP: The standard protocol for web pages.
• FTP: A standard Internet file transfer service.

- BitTorrent: A popular distributed peer-to-peer files sharing protocol.

BitTorrent

The NSA includes a BitTorrent client for fast downloading and sharing of large files (such as educational public domain videos). With BitTorrent, you share while you're downloading the file. BitTorrent breaks up the file and distributes it in hundreds of chunks. You start sharing the file as soon as you have downloaded a single chunk.

Web Publishing

Web publishing lets you "publish" shares (containing folders and files) on the NSA so people can access the files using a web browser without having to log into the Home screens. This way you can share files with others without them having to know and enter a username and password.

For example, if you want to share photos in a FamilyPhotos share, you could "web publish" it and others could use a web browser to access the photos at http://my-NSA's-IP-Address/MyWeb/FamilyPhotos.

Broadcatching

Broadcasting is the downloading of digital content from Internet feeds. Use broadcatching to have the NSA download frequently updated digital content like TV programs, radio shows, podcasts (audio files), and blogs.

RSS

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a format for delivering frequently updated digital content. A channel uses a feed to deliver its contents (items). Subscribe the NSA to a feed to be able to download the contents.

9.4 FTP Server

Use FTP or FTPES (FTP over Explicit TTL/SSL) to upload files to the NSA and download files from the NSA. Click Applications > FTP to open the following screen.

Figure 93 Applications > FTP

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 30 Applications > FTP

LABEL DESCRIPTION
FTP
Enable FTP You can	use FTP to send files to the NSA or get files from the NSA.Select this check box to allow users to connect to the NSA via FTP;otherwise clear the check box.

Table 30 Applications > FTP

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Connection Limit	Enter the maximum number of concurrent FTP connections allowed on the NSA in this field. The connection limit is 20.
Idle Timeout Enter	ter the length of time that an FTP connection can be idle before timing out. The timeout limit is 300 minutes.
Port Number This is the port number used by the NSA for FTP traffic.
Enable Anonymous FTP Access	Select this check box to allow any user to log into the NSA using ‘FTP’ or ‘anonymous’ as a username and no password. Any other name is considered a username, so must be valid and have a corresponding correct password.
Customize the port range for data transfer	Select this check box to assign a port range for FTP clients to use when downloading files from the NSA using passive mode.The connection limit is restricted to half of the port numbers within the range if this value is smaller than the one configured in the Connection Limit field. For example, you specified a port range from 1024 to 1029 and configured 10 in the Connection Limit field. The FTP connection limit will only be 3 (6 ports in the range divided by 2) because it is the smaller value.
Starting Port Enter the first port number in the range. Choose from 1024 to 65535.
Ending Port Enter the last port number in the range. Choose from 1024 to 65535.
Download/Upload Rate For All Users (include admin)	Select this if you want to limit the download/upload bandwidth for all users who are logged into the NSA, including the administrator.Max. Download Rate - Enter the download speed (in kilobytes/s) that the NSA allows for users who are logged into the NSA.Max. Upload Rate - Enter the upload speed (in kilobytes/s) that the NSA allows for users who are logged into the NSA.
Download/Upload Rate For Anonymous Users	Select this if you want to limit the download/upload bandwidth for users who log into the NSA using ‘FTP’ or ‘anonymous’ as a username and no password.Max. Download Rate - Enter the download speed (in kilobytes/s) that the NSA allows for users who are logged into the NSA.Max. Upload Rate - Enter the upload speed (in kilobytes/s) that the NSA allows for users who are logged into the NSA.
Character Set The	NSA uses UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) format for FTP by default. If the NSA’s folders, or file names do not display correctly in your FTP client, select the appropriate language encoding here.This setting applies to all FTP client connections to the NSA. It does not affect your Windows/CIFS connections (it will not correct the character display in Windows Explorer).
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

9.5 The Media Server Screen

The media server application allows you to share files with media clients.

Click Applications > Media Server to open the following screen. Use this screen to view the media server's status and rebuild the media server database.

Figure 94 Applications > Media Server > Media Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 31 Applications > Media Server > Media Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status This shows the media server's current state of activity. Synchronizing displays while the NSA is building the media database. Ready means the NSA has finished building the database. Stopped displays when the media server is dead and for a short time while the media server is restarted before rebuilding the database.
Number of Music Tracks	This is how many music files the media server has to share out to media clients.
Number of Photos	This is how many photo files the media server has to share out to media clients.
Number of Videos	This is how many video files the media server has to share out to media clients.
Refresh	Click this to update the information in the Status field.
Rebuild Database Click this if the media clients cannot see the files in the media server.

9.5.1 The Media Server Share Publish Screen

Click Applications > Media Server > Share Publish to open the following screen. Use this screen to select shares to publish (share with media clients like the DMA-2500 and iTunes).

Figure 95 Applications > Media Server > Share Publish

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 32 Applications > Media Server > Share Publish

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Publish Select this to have the media server share a share's media files with media clients.
Share Name This column lists names of shares on the NSA.
Publish Music Tracks	Select this to give media clients access to the share's music files.
Publish Photos Select this to give media clients access to the share's photo files.
Publish Videos Select this to give media clients access to the share's video files.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

9.5.2 The Media Server ID3 Tag Decoding Screen

Click Applications > Media Server > ID3 Tag Decoding to open the following screen. ID3 tags store information about a media file such as the title, artist, album, and genre in the file itself. To help the NSA find the correct character set to decode these tags, use this screen to select which character sets the NSA attempts to use and the order the NSA tries them in.

Note: It may take some time for the media server to rebuild the database after you change the ID3 tag character set settings. How long it takes depends on how many media files you have. Some of the media files may not appear in the Home screens until the rebuilding finishes.

Figure 96 Applications > Media Server > ID3 Tag Decoding

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 33 Applications > Media Server > ID3 Tag Decoding

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Media Server
Available Character Sets	This list box displays the language character sets the NSA can perform.
Add Selected Character Sets	Select types of character set in the Available Character Sets box and click this to add them to the list of character sets that the NSA should attempt to use to decode ID3 tags in your media files. Use the [SHIFT] key to select a range of entries. Hold down the [CTRL] key to select multiple individual entries.If the NSA is not able to decode a file's ID3 tags using the selected character sets, it attempts to auto-detect their encoding type.
Selected Character Sets	This list box displays the character sets the NSA can use to decode ID3 tags in your media files. The NSA attempts to use them in the order listed so select character sets and use the up or down arrow to change their order to match the types of files you have. So if most of your files are German, move the French, German and Italian (ISO-8859-15) selection to the top of the list.If the NSA cannot find a match among your selected character sets (or you have not selected any character sets) it tries to auto-detect which character set the tags are encoded with.
Remove Selected Character Sets	Select character sets in the Selected Character Sets box and click this to have the NSA not attempt to use them to decode ID3 tags in your media files. Use the [SHIFT] key to select a range of entries. Hold down the [CTRL] key to select multiple individual entries.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

9.5.3 The Media Server iTunes Server Screen

Click Applications > Media Server > iTunes Server to open the following screen. Use this screen to turn the iTunes server on or off.

Figure 97 Applications > Media Server > iTunes Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 34 Applications > Media Server > iTunes Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable iTunes Server	Check this to let anyone on your network use iTunes to play music files in the published shares.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

9.5.4 The Media Server SqueezeCenter Screen

SqueezeCenter enables you to manage a Logitech's Squeezebox device connected to the NSA.

Click Applications > Media Server > SqueezeCenter to open the following screen. This screen is available when the SqueezeCenter application is installed using Package Management (see Section 10.4 on page 248). Use this screen to turn the SqueezeCenter application on or off.

Figure 98 Applications > Media Server > SqueezeCenter

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 35 Applications > Media Server > SqueezeCenter

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable SqueezeCenter	Check this to enable SqueezeCenter.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

9.6 The Download Service Screen

The Download Service screen allows you to download files from the Internet.

Click Applications > Download Service to open the following screen. Use this screen to manage the NSA's file downloads.

Note: By default, the NSA saves downloads in the admin share's download folder.

Figure 99 Applications > Download Service

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 36 Applications > Download Service

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Download Service	Use this option (and click theApplybutton) to turn the download service off or on. If you turn off the service, all downloads are paused. Files currently downloading are queued. Turning on the download service resumes downloads (or restarts them if they are not able to resume).
Enable Download Notify	Use this option (and click theApplybutton) to turn the download service notification off or on. SeeSection 9.11.4 on page 235 for more details about this feature.
	This RSS feed icon displays when you select and apply theEnable Download Notifyoption. At the time of writing, the NSA supports RSS 2.0 feeds.Click this to get and subscribe to the NSA channel feed. This enables you to keep track and download the NSA's new contents (items).
Add After you find	a file to download, copy the file's URL. Then log into the NSA Web Configurator and go to theApplications > Download Server screen and click this button. A screen opens where you create a new download task. You can paste the file's URL or use a BitTorrent file.
Preferences Click this to open a screen where you can set the default location for saving downloads and configure your BitTorrent settings.
Refresh Click this to update the information displayed on the screen.
Delete To delete download tasks (or manually clear out completed download tasks), select a download task and click this to remove it from the list. A pop-up screen asks you to confirm. Click Apply to delete or Cancel to quit. When you delete a download task, you are given the option to delete the associated files. Selecting this option deletes a downloaded file and in the case of a BitTorrent download task, also deletes the related .torrent file.Use your keyboard's [SHIFT] key to select a range of download tasks. Use the [CTRL] key and click individual download tasks to select multiple individual download tasks.
Pause	Select a downloading item and click this to temporarily stop the download. Paused downloads appear in the Download Service screen's Inactive tab.Use your keyboard's [SHIFT] key to select a range of download tasks. Use the [CTRL] key and click individual download tasks to select multiple individual download tasks.
Resume	Select a paused item and click this to continue downloading the file.Select a completed item and click this to re-seed a torrent file or download a file again. If you want to re-seed a BitTorrent task, keep the torrent file and the completed file in their original locations.
Task Info Select an item on the list and click this to display information about the download task. See Section 9.6.5 on page 218 for more details.
The table lists your downloads. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.
Active Click this to see the list of files the NSA is currently downloading or sharing with other BitTorrent users. The NSA handles a maximum of 10 active tasks at a time (or fewer depending on how much of the NSA's system memory is available). If you add more, they appear in the Inactive tab.BitTorrent downloads may appear in the Inactive tab for a while before showing in the Downloading tab. The NSA automatically moves completed tasks to the Completed tab.
Inactive Click this to see the list of files that are queued (waiting in line) for the NSA to download or the downloads that have been manually paused.
Completed Click this to see the list of files that the NSA has finished downloading.The Location column shows where a downloaded file is saved on the NSA. Click on the location link to open the share browser and access the file.
Error Click this to see the list of files that the NSA was not able to download. The NSA automatically retries unsuccessful download attempts. The download displays in the error tab when the re-attempts are also unsuccessful and the NSA stops trying to download the file. To try the download again, use the Add button to create a new download task.
Status The following icons show the download's status.
	Completed: The NSA has downloaded the whole file.Seeding: The download is finished and the NSA is allowing other BitTorrent users to download it.Downloading: The NSA is getting the file.Queued: The download is waiting in line for the NSA to download it.Pause: The download has been manually stopped. Select it and click Resume to continue it.Error: The NSA was not able to complete the download. Select it and click Resume to reattempt the download.
Name This identifies the download file. A “...” indicates an abbreviated name. Hold your cursor over the name to display the full name.
Complete (%)	This is the percentage of the file that the NSA has downloaded.
Location	This appears in the Completed tab.It displays the path for where the file is saved. Click on the location link to open the share browser and access the file.
Seeds Seeds apply to BitTorrent downloads. This is the number of computers that are sharing the complete file that you are downloading.This value is in the format “Leeches(Seeds)” where Leeches refer to peers that do not have a complete copy of the file yet and are still downloading; Seeds refer to peers that have the complete file.
Peers Peers apply to BitTorrent downloads. This is the number of other computers that are also downloading (and sharing) the file you are downloading.This value is in the format “ConnectedPeers(AllPeers)[Health]” where Connected Peers is the number of computers to which the NSA is connected in order to download the file; AllPeers refer to the total number of computers to which the NSA can connect in order to download the file; Health indicates the availability of the file.
Download Speed	This is how fast the NSA is getting the file.It is normal for a BitTorrent download to start out with a slow download speed since it has to set up numerous connections. The speed should increase as the download progresses and decrease near the end of the download.
Upload Speed	This is how fast the NSA is sending the file to other BitTorrent users.
Time Left This is	how much longer (in hours, minutes, and seconds) it should take to finish the download at the current download speed.
Priority This is	the download's priority on the NSA. You can set a currently downloading or queued download to high or automatic priority. You can set a download to high priority to have the NSA try to download it before the other files. However the actual download speed depends more on factors like the speed of you Internet connection, the speed of the download source's Internet connection, how many others are trying to download at the same time, the peers and seeds available and general network conditions.
Error Code	This appears in the Error tab.This shows the tag for the error that occurred.
Error Message	This appears in the Error tab.This message states what went wrong with the download.

9.6.1 Adding a Download Task

Click Applications > Download Service > Add to open the following screen. Use this screen to specify a file for the NSA to download. Section 4.9 on page 103 provides a tutorial on adding a download task.

Figure 100 Applications > Download Service > Add

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 37 Applications > Download Service > Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Source
URL Paste the URL	of the file you want to download into this field. The URL can be for an HTTP, FTP, or BitTorrent download.For a BitTorrent download, you can copy and paste the URL of the .torrent file. The NSA will automatically download the .torrent file and use it. You do not have to manually download the .torrent file or save it to your computer.Note: Make sure the link opens either the file you want or a pop-up window about how to handle the file.It is also OK for the link to open a .torrent file. If you are redirected to a screen that says the download should start in a few seconds, there may be a link to click if the download does not start automatically.See if that link opens the file or the pop-up window.
Torrent File A “torrent” file has information the NSA uses to do a BitTorrent download. A torrent file uses a .torrent extension. If you already have a torrent file saved on your computer, select the Torrent File option and specify its path or click Browse and look for its location.
Location of Downloaded Files	This shows where the NSA stores new downloads (Put incomplete downloads in) and where the NSA moves completed downloads (Move completed downloads to).The Share column shows the name of the share where the file is downloaded.The Path column points to the location in the share where the NSA will save the downloaded files.BitTorrent jobs are stored in /*/incoming (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)HTTP/FTP jobs are stored in /* (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)All jobs triggered by RSS channels create the subfolder in /* using the channel name where it store all files downloaded from that channel (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)

Table 37 Applications > Download Service > Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Edit Click this to open the following screen where you can set the default folder location where you “Put incomplete downloads in” and “Move complete downloads to”:Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or clickBrowse to open the following screen and navigate to the file’s location.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📄 to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a folder or file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don’t select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.

Apply Click this to save your changes.

Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

9.6.2 Configuring General Settings

Click Applications > Download Service > Preferences to open the following screen. Use this screen to set the default location for saving downloads and configure the download period.

Figure 101 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > General Settings

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 38 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > General Settings

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Location of Downloaded Files	This shows where the NSA stores new downloads (Put incomplete downloads in) and where the NSA moves completed downloads (Move completed downloads to).The Share column shows the name of the share where the file is downloaded.The Path column points to the location in the share where the NSA will save the downloaded files.BitTorrent jobs are stored in */incoming (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)HTTP/FTP jobs are stored in /* (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)All jobs triggered by RSS channels create the subfolder in /* using the channel name where it store all files downloaded from that channel (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)
Edit Click this to open the following screen where you can set the default folder location where you “Put incomplete downloads in” and “Move complete downloads to”:Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or click Browse to open the following screen and navigate to the file’s location.

Table 38 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > General Settings

LABEL DESCRIPTION
	Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a file or folder.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don't select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.
Download Period Control	This feature sets the NSA to download files only within a specified time period.
Enable Download Period Control	Use the check box to turn the download period control on or off.
Download Service is active in the time period (hh:mm - hh:mm)	Specify the time period for the NSA to download files.Note: If you also configured the Power On/Off Schedule feature in the Power Management screen, make sure your active download period does not conflict with the power-off period.
Apply Click this to	save your changes.
Reset Click this to	restore your previously saved settings.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

9.6.3 Configuring the BitTorrent Settings

Click Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure BitTorrent settings.

Figure 102 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 39 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Number Assign	a port number for BitTorrent downloads. You can select a number from 2 to 65536. It is recommended to use a port number greater than 1025.
Max. download rate	You may need to limit the bandwidth the NSA uses for BitTorrent downloads if your network's other Internet applications are not getting enough downstream bandwidth. 0 has the NSA impose no restriction.
Max. upload rate	You may need to limit the bandwidth the NSA uses to share files through BitTorrent if your network's other Internet applications are not getting enough upstream bandwidth. 0 has the NSA impose no restriction.If you do not allow any uploads, (for example, you set a limit of 1 KB/s) you will not have a good standing in the BitTorrent community.Note: The settings for maximum download/upload rates would not affect peers accessing the NSA from the same LAN.
Maximum Number of Active Torrents	Specify how many simultaneous BitTorrent downloads are allowed on the NSA. You can enter a number from 1 to 10.
Maximum Number of Seeding Jobs	Specify how many simultaneous seeds are allowed on the NSA. Enter a number from 1 to 10. This value cannot exceed the one you configured in the Maximum Number of Active Torrents field.

Table 39 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Maximum Number of Active Connections	Specify how many active connections are allowed on the NSA. Enter a number from 1 to 500. This specifies the number of computers that can connect to the NSA to download files being shared by the NSA.
Keep Sharing While	With BitTorrent, the NSA starts sharing a file while you are downloading it. Set how long to continue sharing a file after the NSA finishes the download.SelectUpload/Download Ratioto keep sharing a file until the NSA has uploaded a specific percent compared to the download.SelectSeeding Timeto keep sharing a file for a specific number of minutes after the download finishes.Continuing to share a file helps other BitTorrent users finish downloading it. Sharing out at least as much as you download helps keep you in good standing in the BitTorrent community.Enter -1 to share a file indefinitely. Leave both check boxes blank to have the NSA stop sharing the file as soon as the download finishes.If you select both options, the NSA keeps sharing a file until both conditions exceed the values you configure. For example, you entered 150% in theUpload/Download Ratiofield and 120 minutes in theSeeding Timefield. The NSA keeps sharing a file until it has shared 1.5 times the size of the file and has passed 120 minutes.
Edit IP Filter Click th	this to enable or disable IP filtering for BitTorrent downloads.Refer toSection 9.6.4 on page 216for information about the fields in this screen.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

9.6.4 Edit IP Filter

Use this screen to enable or disable IP filtering for BitTorrent downloads. IP filtering blocks IP addresses known to share fake files. You can either get an IP filter table from a website or use your own table.

Click Edit IP Filter in the Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent screen.

Figure 103 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent > Edit IP Filter

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 40 Applications > Download Service > Preferences > BitTorrent > Edit IP Filter

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable IP Filter Click this to enable or disable IP filtering for BitTorrent downloads.
Update IPFilter Table Filefrom theInternet EveryWeek	Select this option and enter a URL to use an online IP filter table. Youcan find an online IP filter table in websites such as http://www.bluetack.co.uk/config/level1.gz.When you change the URL of the online IP filter table, the NSA alsoperforms an update after you clickApply.
Upload IPFilter Table	Select this option to upload your own IP filter table. Use theBrowsebutton to locate the file and clickUploadto save it on the NSA.The NSA supports .txt, .dat, .gz, .tgz, and .tar.gz file extensions. TheNSA saves the IP filter table as /admin/ download/ ipfilter.dat.
Download CurrentIP Filter Table	Click this to save a copy of the IP filter table on your computer.
Apply	ClickApplyto update the IP filter table from the specified URL.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

9.6.5 Displaying the Task Information

Select an item on the list and click Task Info. Use this screen to check detailed information about the task.

Figure 104 Applications > Download Service > Task Info

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 41 Applications > Download Service > Task Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status This is the current status of the task.
Name This is the name of the task.
Size This is the size of the file to be downloaded.
Uploaded/Downloaded Ratio	This is the ratio of total uploaded data to downloaded data.
Complete(%) This field displays how much has been downloaded to the NSA.
Seeds This is the number of computers that are sharing the complete file that you are downloading.
Peers This is the number of other computers that are also downloading (and sharing) the file you are downloading.
Download Speed This field displays how fast the NSA downloads the file.
Upload Speed This field displays how fast the NSA uploads the file.
Health This field displays how many full copies of the file are available for this task. The NSA can download a file with a higher health value more efficiently. If the health value is less than 1 (0.65 for example), there is no full copy of the file, and the NSA may not be able to complete downloading the file.

Table 41 Applications > Download Service > Task Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Time Left This is the time remaining to complete the task.
Priority Use this field to set the priority for downloading the task.Select Auto to have the NSA automatically determine the task's priority.Select High to have the NSA download this file before the other files.
Comment	Enter a description for this task. Click Apply to save the description.
Start Time This field displays when the NSA started to download files.
Completed on This field displays when the file was successfully downloaded to the NSA.
Info-Hash This information is used to verify the torrent file.
Tracker This field displays the tracker that NSA is currently connected to. A tracker is a server used for finding peers sharing the file.
Close Click this to close the screen.

9.7 The Web Publishing Screen

Use this screen to turn web publishing on or off and select shares to publish. Click Applications > Web Publishing to open the following screen.

Figure 105 Applications > Web Publishing

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 42 Applications > Web Publishing

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Web Publishing
Disable / Enable Web Publishing	Turn on web publishing to let people access files in the published shares using a web browser, without having to log into theHome screens.
Support HTTPS Select this to allow users to use web browser security for connections to the web-published shares. In order to use secured connections users must use “https://” in the NSA’s web address and install the NSA’s public key certificate.
Port Number Specify a port number for accessing the published share websites hosted on the NSA. If you enter a number other than 80, make sure you include it when telling others how to access the web-published share. For example, say you specified port 8080, the NSA’s IP address is 192.168.1.23, and the name of the web-published share is FamilyPhotos. You would have to enter “http://192.168.1.23:8080/MyWeb/FamilyPhotos/” in your browser’s address bar to access the share’s web page.
Unpublished Shares	This list box displays the shares that the NSA does not publish for web browser access.
Publish Selected Share(s)	Select shares in theUnpublished Sharesbox and click this to let people access files in the published shares using a web browser, without logging into theHome screens. Use the [SHIFT] key to select a range of entries. Hold down the [CTRL] key to select multiple individual entries.
Published Shares This list box displays the shares people can access using a web browser, without logging into theHome screens.
Unpublish Selected Share(s)	Select shares in thePublished Sharesbox and click this to not let people access using a web browser without logging into theHome screens. Use the [SHIFT] key to select a range of entries. Hold down the [CTRL] key to select multiple individual entries.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Note: If you installed php-MySQL-phpMyAdmin through the Package Management screen (Section 10.4 on page 248) and enable it, you can use PHP and MySQL in your published web page.

9.8 The Broadcatching Screen

This screen displays the NSA's subscribed channels and the associated contents.

• The NSA saves a channel's downloaded items in a folder named after the channel.
• The NSA creates the channel folders in the same destination as the download service. See Section 9.6.2 on page 212 to change the destination for saving downloads.
• The NSA's media server feature makes it easy for users on your network to play the broadcasting files you download. See Section 9.11.1 on page 232 for more on the media server.
• If you add a channel that contains a torrent file, the NSA downloads the torrent file (.torrent) and transfers it to Download Service (Section 9.6 on page 206) and start the BitTorrent download task accordingly.

Click Applications > Broadcasting to open the following screen.

Figure 106 Applications > Broadcasting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 43 Applications > Broadcasting

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Channel When	you find a channel to subscribe to, copy the URL of the channel's feed and click this button. A screen opens for you to subscribe to the feed. When you are done, the feed's channel and contents display in theApplications > Broadcatchingscreen.
Delete Channel	Select a channel and clickDelete Channelto remove the channel from the NSA. Any of the channel's items that you have already downloaded stay in the channel's folder (in theadminshare'sdownloadfolder).
Refresh Channel	Select a channel and clickRefresh Channelto check for new files.
Edit Channel	Select a channel and clickEdit Channelto open a screen where you can set the channel's download and delete policies.
	The table lists channels and their files. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.
Channel Name	This identifies the channel. A channel displays in red if there was an error the last time the NSA attempted to connect to it. When this happens, you can select the channel and clickRefresh Channelto have the NSA reattempt to connect to it. Select a channel to see its available files. A “...” indicates an abbreviated name. Hold your cursor over the name to display the full name.
Item Name Theseare the downloadable files. The following icons show the file's status in the NSA.Completed: The NSA has downloaded the whole file. Double-click the item to go to theDownload Servicescreen where you can see the file's name and location.Seeding: The NSA downloaded the complete file and NSA is sharing it with other BitTorrent users. Double-click the item to go to theDownload Servicescreen.Downloading: The NSA is downloading the file. Double-click the item to go to theDownload Servicescreen.Queued: The file is waiting in line for the NSA to download it. Double-click the item to go to theDownload Servicescreen.Pause: The download has been manually stopped. Double-click the item to go to theDownload Servicescreen.Missing File: The NSA could not find the file.Error: The NSA automatically retries unsuccessful download attempts. The status displays as error when the re-attempts are also unsuccessful and the NSA stops trying to download the file. To try the download again, use theAddbutton to create a new task.Note: A ... indicates an abbreviated file name. Hold your cursor over the name to display the full name.

Table 43 Applications > Broadcasting

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Published Date	This is when the file was made available for download.
Description This	is the publishers introduction for the file.
Actions	Start Downloading: Click this to add the file to the NSA's download queue or check the file's status in the NSA's download service.Click the Delete icon to remove the file from the channel's list.

9.8.1 Adding a Broadcatching Channel

At the time of writing, the NSA supports RSS 2.0 feeds. Websites with a feed usually display a feed icon (shown next). Copy and paste the feed's URL into the Applications > Broadcasting > Add Channel screen and you can download new files as they are added.

Figure 107 Feed Icon

A channel uses a feed to deliver its contents (items). Subscribe the NSA to a feed to be able to download the contents.

Click Applications > Broadcasting > Add Channel to open the following screen. Use the Add Channel screen to subscribe the NSA to a channel's feed so you can view the channel. You also select policies for downloading and deleting the channel's items. Section 4.10 on page 119 provides a tutorial on adding a broadcasting channel.

Figure 108 Applications > Broadcasting > Add Channel

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 44 Applications > Broadcasting > Add Channel

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Subscribe to Channel Feed	Paste (or type) the URL of the feed for the channel to which you want to subscribe into this field. This is read-only in the Preferences screen.Note: Make sure the link goes to the actual RSS feed instead of to another list of links or information about the channel.One way to test this is by clicking the link. Clicking an actual RSS feed link opens a screen of XML code (in browsers without an RSS feed aggregator) or a window where you can add the RSS feed (in browsers with an RSS feed aggregator).
Download Policy Set which of the channel's items the NSA downloads.	Download All Items: Download every file in the feed.Download Only New Items: Download new files from today on.Manually Choose Items for Download: Only download individual files you select later in the Broadcatching screen.

Table 44 Applications > Broadcasting > Add Channel

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Delete Policy Set how the NSA handles deleting the items downloaded from the channel.Manual: Only delete individual files you select later in the Broadcasting screen.Keep last N of items: Select this to set the NSA to only keep a number of the channel's most recent files. When this number has been reached, if the NSA downloads another file from the channel, it deletes the oldest file from the NSA.
Location of Downloaded Files	This shows where the NSA stores new downloads (Put incomplete downloads in) and where the NSA moves completed downloads (Move completed downloads to).The Share column shows the name of the share where the file is downloaded.The Path column points to the location in the share where the NSA will save the downloaded files.BitTorrent jobs are stored in */incoming (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)HTTP/FTP jobs are stored in /* (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)All jobs triggered by RSS channels create the subfolder in /* using the channel name where it store all files downloaded from that channel (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)

Table 44 Applications > Broadcasting > Add Channel

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Edit Click this to open the following screen where you can set the default folder location where you “Put incomplete downloads in” and “Move complete downloads to”:Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or clickBrowse to open the following screen and navigate to the file’s location.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📄 to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a file or folder.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don’t select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.ClickApplyto save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.

Apply Click this to save your changes.

Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

9.8.2 Editing a Broadcatching Channel

Click Applications > Broadcasting, then select a channel and click Edit Channel to open a similar Edit screen. Use the Edit Channel screen to change the download or delete policies.

Figure 109 Applications > Broadcasting > Edit Channel

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 45 Applications > Broadcasting > Edit Channel

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Channel Name This is the name of the feed for the channel to which you want to subscribe into this field. This is read-only.

URL This is the address of the channel.

Download Policy Set which of the channel's items the NSA downloads.

Delete Policy Set how the NSA handles deleting the items downloaded from the channel.

Table 45 Applications > Broadcasting > Edit Channel

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Location of Downloaded Files	This shows where the NSA stores new downloads (Put incomplete downloads in) and where the NSA moves completed downloads (Move completed downloads to).The Share column shows the name of the share where the file is downloaded.The Path column points to the location in the share where the NSA will save the downloaded files.BitTorrent jobs are stored in */incoming (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)HTTP/FTP jobs are stored in /* (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)All jobs triggered by RSS channels create the subfolder in /* using the channel name where it store all files downloaded from that channel (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)
Edit Click this to open the following screen where you can set the default folder location where you “Put incomplete downloads in” and “Move complete downloads to”:.Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or clickBrowse to open the following screen and navigate to the file’s location.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click [IMAGE] to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a file or folder.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don’t select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.ClickApplyto save your settings and Cancelto close the screen.

Table 45 Applications > Broadcasting > Edit Channel

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Apply Click this to save your changes.

Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

9.9 The Print Server Screen

Use the Print Server screen to view and manage the NSA's list of printers and print jobs.

Click Applications > Print Server to open the following screen.

Figure 110 Applications > Print Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 46 Applications > Print Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Click this to update the list of printers and print jobs.
	The table lists printers and their queued print jobs. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.
Status This fields shows whether the printer is connected and turned on (on-line) or not (off-line).
Name This identifies the printer. Each printer connected to the NSA must use a unique name.
Actions	Rename: Click this to change the name the NSA uses for the printer.Cancel Job: Click this to remove all print jobs from the NSA queue for a particular printer. However, since the NSA sends print jobs to the printer as soon as it can, this button may only have an effect if there are very large or many print jobs in the queue. To stop a print job that has already started, you may have to turn off the printer.Delete: Click this to remove a printer from the NSA's printer list. To add the printer back into the list, disconnect the printer from the NSA's USB port and reconnect it. If that does not work, disconnect the USB port and turn off the printer's power. Then reconnect the printer and turn it back on.

9.9.1 Print Server Rename

Click Applications > Print Server and a printer's Rename icon to open the following screen. Use this screen to change the name the NSA uses for the printer.

Figure 111 Applications > Print Server > Rename

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 47 Applications > Print Server > Rename

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Name Type	a new name to identify the printer. The name must be unique from all the other names of printers connected to the NSA.
Apply Click	this to save your changes.
Cancel Click	this to return to the previous screen without saving.

9.10 The Copy/Sync Button Screen

The Copy/ Sync button on the front panel allows you to copy or synchronize files between a connected USB device and the NSA.

Click Applications > Copy/ Sync Button to open the following screen.

Figure 112 Applications > Copy/Sync Button

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 48 Applications > Copy/Sync Button

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Copy Settings
NSA Copy Target Select the NSA share to use with the copy function.
USB Volume If your USB device has multiple partitions, select which partition to use with the copy function.
Copy Direction	Select USB -> NSA to copy files from your USB device to the NSA.Select NSA -> USB to copy files from the NSA to your USB device.
Create a New Folder for Copied Files	Select this option to place the copied files in a new folder.The name of the folder created for the copied files consists of the date and time of the copy in year_month_day_hour_minute_second format.
Backup Files to be Replaced	This option is only available if you do not select Create a New Folder for Copied Files. Select this option to save the files that will be replaced by the source files.

Table 48 Applications > Copy/Sync Button

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup Target Set	Select a share in which to save the backup files.Note: The NSA will not create a new folder to store the backup files. It is recommended to create a specific share (such as “backup”) for backup purposes.
Sync Settings
NSA Sync Target Set	Select the NSA share to use with the synchronization function.
USB Volume If your	USB device has multiple partitions, select which partition to use with the synchronization function.
Sync Direction	Select USB -> NSA to synchronize files from your USB device to the NSA.Select NSA -> USB to synchronize files from the NSA to your USB device.Select NSA <-> USB to synchronize files in both directions simultaneously.
Backup Files to be Replaced or Removed	Select this option to save the files that will be replaced by the source files.
Backup Target Set	Select a share in which to save the backup files.Note: The NSA will not create a new folder to store the backup files. It is recommended to create a specific share (such as “backup”) for backup purposes.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset	Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

9.11 Technical Reference

This section provides technical background information on the topics discussed in this chapter.

9.11.1 Sharing Media Files on Your Network

The media server feature lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from the NSA (without having to copy them to another computer). The NSA can function as a DLNA-compliant media server and/or an iTunes server. The NSA streams files to DLNA-compliant media clients or computers using iTunes. The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a group of personal computer and

electronics companies that works to make products compatible in a home network.

• Publish shares to let others play the contained media files.
• The media server is a convenient way to share files you download using the broadcatching service (see Section 9.8 on page 221).
• Hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500 can also play the files. See Section 19.4 on page 416 for the supported multimedia file formats.

Note: Anyone on your network can play the media files in the published shares. No user name and password or other form of security is used. The media server is enabled by default with the video, photo, and music shares published.

Songs from the iTunes Store

After using iTunes on your computer to download songs from Apple's iTunes Store, you can copy them to the NSA. Many of these songs have DRM (Digital Rights Management). At the time of writing, you can use your Apple account ID and password to authorize up to a total of five computers to play the files. To authorize a computer, open iTunes and click Store > Authorize Computer.

A link for the NSA in iTunes under SHARED. Click it to display the NSA's published media files as shown next.

Figure 113 NSA link in iTunes

9.11.2 Download Service

The NSA's download service downloads files from the Internet directly to the NSA. You do not have to download to your computer and then copy to the NSA. This can free up your computer's system resources. The download service also handles your broadcatching downloads. See Section 9.8 on page 221 for information on broadcatching.

The NSA can download using these protocols.

• HTTP: The standard protocol for web pages.
• FTP: A standard Internet file transfer service.

- BitTorrent: A popular distributed peer-to-peer files sharing protocol.

Note: Do not use the NSA for illegal purposes. Illegal downloading or sharing of files can result in severe civil and criminal penalties. You are subject to the restrictions of copyright laws and any other applicable laws and will bear the consequences of any infringements thereof. ZyXEL bears NO responsibility or liability for your use of the download service feature.

Torrent Files

The NSA needs a ".torrent" file for BitTorrent to download a file. The torrent file gives the NSA information about the file to be downloaded (and shared) and the tracker(s) (computers) that coordinates the distribution of the file.

When you add a BitTorrent download task in the NSA's Web Configurator screens, you can copy and paste the URL of the torrent file. The NSA automatically downloads the torrent file and saves it in a torrent folder within the folder where the NSA stores downloaded files (the admin share's download folder by default).

If you already have the torrent file saved on your computer, you can just specify its location when adding a download task through the Web Configurator. Another method is to use FTP or a CIFS program (Windows Explorer for example) to copy the torrent file into the torrent folder. The NSA automatically uses the torrent file.

After your BitTorrent download and sharing are finished, you can go to the incoming folder within the destination share or folder and delete the .torrent file if you need to free up hard disk space.

9.11.3 Link Capture Browser Plugin

The link capture browser plugin is an add-on feature for your web browser. Use the plugin to directly add a file's URL to the NSA's download service.

Note: The link capture browser plugin is located in the included CD.

The following screen displays how the plugin works.

Figure 114 Link Capture Browser Plugin

Instead of copying and pasting a file's URL to the NSA's download service, you can right-click on the URL in the web browser and select Send to NSA. The URL is then added to the NSA's download service list.

See Section 4.9.2 on page 106 and Section 4.9.3 on page 111 for tutorials about installing and using the link capture browser plugin.

Note: At the time of writing the plugin supports Internet Explorer 6.0/7.0/8.0 and Mozilla Firefox 2.0/3.0.

9.11.4 Download Service Notification

Use the download service notification to keep track of downloaded files on the NSA. You can subscribe to the NSA's download list on your computer. When the NSA finishes downloading new files, your RSS reader displays the information and links for the files. You can also download the files from the RSS reader to your computer.

See Section 4.9.5 on page 115 for a tutorial about using the download service notification.

In the Download Service screen, select Enable Download Notify and click Apply. An RSS feed icon appears. Click the icon to subscribe to the NSA's download list.

Note: The download service notification only keeps track of files downloaded via BitTorrent.

Figure 115 Download Service Notification

9.11.5 BitTorrent Security

When you download using BitTorrent, you reveal your IP address. This increases the risk of hacking attacks, which can be protected against by a good firewall.

Use a Hardware-based Firewall

Place a hardware-based firewall between your network and the Internet (a software-based firewall on your computer would just protect the computer itself, not the NSA since your computer is not between your NSA and the Internet).

Figure 116 Firewall

graph LR
    A["Router"] --> B["Switch"]
    C["Server"] --> B
    D["Server"] --> B
    E["Server"] --> B
    B --> F["Internet"]
    G["Hackers"] --> H["Malicious Packets"]
    I["Viruses"] --> H
    H --> J["Internet"]

Ideally your firewall should have the following:

• Stateful packet inspection to control access between the Internet and your network and protect your NSA (and computers) from hacking attacks.
• IDP (Intrusion Detection and Prevention) to detect malicious packets within normal network traffic and take immediate action against them.
• Anti-virus to check files you download for computer viruses.

BitTorrent and Your Firewall

The anti-virus feature on a firewall probably cannot check BitTorrent downloads for viruses, so use anti-virus software on your computer to scan the NSA for viruses.

When you download using BitTorrent, many other BitTorrent users are also trying to download the file from you. The firewall slows this down because by default, it only allows traffic from the Internet in response to a request that originated on the LAN (it lets you get files from the Internet and blocks those on the Internet from getting files from you).

Figure 117 Firewall Blocking Incoming BitTorrent Requests

graph TD
    A["Incoming BitTorrent requests blocked"] --> B["Router"]
    C["Outgoing BitTorrent request allowed"] --> B
    D["Corresponding BitTorrent reply allowed"] --> B
    B --> E["INTERNET"]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style C fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style D fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style E fill:#ccf,stroke:#333

To speed up BitTorrent file transfers, configure your firewall's port forwarding to send incoming TCP port 9090 and UDP port 9089 connections to the NSA. You probably need to use your firewall's HTML (web-based) configuration interface to

set this up (see the firewall's manual for details). You may also have to configure a corresponding firewall rule.

Figure 118 Firewall Configured to Allow Incoming BitTorrent Requests

graph TD
    A["Computer"] --> B["Router"]
    C["Computer"] --> B
    D["Server"] --> B
    E["Stacked Server"] --> B
    B --> F["Internet"]
    G["Incoming BitTorrent requests allowed"] --> H["-->"]
    I["Other incoming traffic blocked"] --> J["-->"]

9.11.6 Web Publishing Example

This example covers how to configure the Web Publishing screen to let people use a web browser to access a share named FamilyPhotos without logging into the Home screens and shows how to access the share through the Internet.

1 Click Applications > Web Publishing and configure the screen as shown (enable the web publishing and move FamilyPhotos over to Published Shares) and click Apply.

Figure 119 Applications > Web Publishing (Example)

2 Now open your web browser and type in the address of the NSA's FamilyPhotos web page. In this example, the NSA's IP address is 192.168.1.33, and the name of the web-published share is FamilyPhotos. So you would enter "http://192.168.1.33/MyWeb/FamilyPhotos/" in your browser's address bar. Then press [ENTER] or click Go. A screen displays listing the share's files.

Figure 120 Browsing to an NSA Share Example

• Click a file's link to open the file.
• Right-click a file's link and select Save Target As.. (in Internet Explorer) to save a copy of the file.
• Click a label in the heading row to sort the files by that criteria.
• To customize how the page looks and works, create an index.html or index.htm file and store it in the share.

9.11.7 Web Publishing

Web publishing lets you "publish" shares (containing folders and files) on the NSA so people can access the files using a web browser without having to log into the Home screens. This way you can share files with others without them having to know and enter a user name and password.

For example, if you want to share photos in a FamilyPhotos share, you could "web publish" it and others could use a web browser to access the photos at http://my-NSA's-IP-Address/MyWeb/FamilyPhotos.

Note: The NSA does not use any security for the files in the published folders. It is not recommended to publish shares if you do not have the NSA behind a good hardware-based firewall. See page 236 for more on firewalls.

Additionally, you can use HTML editing software (not included) to create an index.html or index.htm file to define and customize how your website works and looks.

Accessing Web-published Shares from the Internet

You need to use a public address to access the NSA's web-published shares from the Internet. If your NSA uses a private IP address, you may need to use the public IP address of your Internet gateway and configure NAT or port forwarding on your Internet gateway and possibly firewall rules in order to let people access the NSA's web-published shares from the Internet.

Web Publishing Port Number

If the web-published shares use a port number other than 80 (the normal port for web traffic), users must include it after the NSA's IP address in order to access the NSA's web-published shares. For example, say you specified port 8080, the NSA's IP address is 192.168.1.23, and the name of the web-published share is FamilyPhotos. You would have to enter "http://192.168.1.23:8080/MyWeb/FamilyPhotos/" in your browser's address bar to access the share's web page.

The NSA's Web Configurator uses port 80. To make the Web Configurator more secure, you can have the web-published shares use another port number. Then you can configure one set of firewall rules and NAT or port forwarding settings on

your Internet gateway specifically for allowing access to the web-published shares and another separate set of rules for accessing the NSA's Web Configurator.

9.11.8 Channel Guides for Broadcasting

Here are some popular broadcatching channel guide web sites.

Note: ZyXEL does not endorse these web sites and is not responsible for any of their contents. Use these or any other web sites at your own risk and discretion.

• http://www.zencast.com/
• http://www.miroguide.com/
• http://www.vuze.com/
• http://www.mefeedia.com/
• http://www.vodstock.com/
• http://www.mininova.org

In the following example, the Internet gateway's firewall is configured to allow anyone to access the NSA's web-published screens using port 8080. Web configurator access (port 80) however, is only allowed from IP address a.b.c.d.

Figure 121 Web Publishing Port Number Example

graph TD
    A["Server"] --> B["Router"]
    B --> C["Internet"]
    C --> D["Cloud"]
    D --> E["Server"]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style B fill:#ccf,stroke:#333
    style C fill:#cfc,stroke:#333
    style D fill:#fcc,stroke:#333
    style E fill:#cff,stroke:#333

9.11.9 Printer Sharing

The NSA can act as a print server. A print server lets multiple computers share a printer. Connect a printer to the NSA's USB port to let multiple computers on your network use it. See www.zyxel.com for a list of compatible printers.

You can copy files from a USB device to the NSA or from the NSA to a USB device. Simply press and release the COPY/ SYNC button to start copying files. See Section 9.10 on page 231 for details about configuring the copy settings.

The following figure illustrates how copying files works when you copy files from a USB device to the NSA. The same concept applies when you copy files from the NSA to a USB device.

Figure 123 Copying Files Example
Before Copy

Both storage devices contain file A.

• A copy of files A and B from the USB device is transferred to the NSA.
• File A from the USB device replaces file A on the NSA.

9.11.11 Synchronizing Files

Synchronization makes the contents on the target device identical to the ones on the source device. You can synchronize files from a USB device to the NSA or from the NSA to a USB device. In addition, you may also synchronize files in both directions simultaneously.

Press and hold the COPY/ SYNC button until you hear a beep to synchronize files. See Section 9.10 on page 231 for details about configuring the synchronization settings.

USB -> NSA or USB <- NSA

When you synchronize files in one direction, contents on the source device replace the files on the target device.

The following figure illustrates how synchronization works when you synchronize files from a USB device to the NSA. The same concept applies when you synchronize files from the NSA to a USB device.

Figure 124 Synchronizing Files Example 1
Before Sync

graph LR
    A["USB"] --> B["NSA"]
    A --> C["Document A"]
    A --> D["Document B"]
    B --> E["Document A"]
    B --> F["Document C"]

After Sync

Both storage devices contain A.

• A copy of files A and B from the USB device is transferred to the NSA.
- File A from the USB device replaces file A on the NSA.
- File C on the NSA is deleted.

USB <-> NSA

When you synchronize files in both directions simultaneously, both storage devices transfer unique files to one another. Files with the same file name are synchronized according to their modification date/time. The difference in modification time between the two files has to be greater than five minutes. More recently modified files overwrite the older ones during synchronization.

The following figure illustrates how synchronization works when you synchronize files in both directions simultaneously.

Figure 125 Synchronizing Files Example 2
Before Sync

graph LR
    USB["USB"] -->|new| NSA["NSA"]
    NSA -->|new| USB

After Sync

A on the USB device and B on the NSA are modified more recently.

• File A from the USB device replaces file A on the NSA.
• File B from the NSA replaces file B on the USB device.
• A copy of file C from the USB device is transferred to the NSA.
• A copy of file D from the NSA is transferred to the USB device.

Package Management

10.1 Overview

Package Management can be used to set up more useful applications in your NSA. The NSA can download multiple packages/files at once and automatically goes through all the installation steps.

10.2 What You Can Do

• Use the Package Management screen (Section 10.4 on page 248) to download and install applications from the web.
• Use the eMule screens (Section 10.5 on page 252) to configure the server, task and search settings for the eMule application.
• Use the DyDNS screen (Section 10.6 on page 268) to configure the domain name settings of your NSA.
• Use the NFS screen (Section 10.7 on page 269) to configure the Network File System (NFS) settings of your NSA.
• Use the SMART screens (Section 10.8 on page 273) to view your NSA hard disk(s) statistics and monitor their performance.
• Use the Protect screens (Section 10.9 on page 277) to configure and schedule the backup and restore jobs of your NSA.
• Use the Syslog Server screen (Section 10.12 on page 297) to configure the NSA to accept syslog logs from syslog clients.
• Use the TFTP Server screen (Section 10.13 on page 299) to configure the NSA to accept log files from TFTP clients.

10.3 What You Need to Know

This feature enables you to use the following applications:

- eMule - eMule is an open-source peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing application similar to eDonkey, which can be used to download files from the Internet. It uses the Kad protocol.

• D y D N S - This gives your NSA a domain name with a dynamic IP address. At the time of writing, this package supports accounts from the following service providers: DynDNS, NoIP, 3322, ZoneEdit, and DHS.
• Gallery - This web-based application allows your NSA to host pictures. You can upload images in your local computer or shares to this application. Use the administrator account of your NSA to log in to the Gallery console. The administrator can then create accounts for other users.
• NFS - NFS (Network File System) is a file-sharing protocol most commonly implemented on Unix-like systems.
• PHP-MySQL-phpMyAdmin - This tool can be used to manage MySQL through the web. Enter 'root' as the username and '1234' as the password to log in. This includes MySQL 5.1.30, PHP 5.2.8 and phpMyAdmin 3.1.1.
• SMART - Use S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) to monitor hard disks. It detects and reports the reliability of hard disks using standard indicators, enabling administrators to anticipate possible disk failures.
• SqueezeCenter - This enables you to manage a Logitech's Squeezebox device connected to the NSA.
• Wordpress - This allows you to create and manage a blog. Use the NSA administrator credentials to log in. The administrator can then create accounts for other users.
• BackupPlanner - Use this to schedule and run backup jobs for files stored in your NSA to an internal drive, external storage device or to another NSA in the network.
• Syslog Server - Use this to configure the NSA to accept syslog logs from syslog clients.
• TFTP Server - Use this to configure the NSA to accept log files from TFTP clients.

The following applications come with their own Web Configurator and documentation:

• Gallery
• PHP-MySQL-phpMyAdmin
• SqueezeCenter
• WordPress

10.4 Package Management Screen

Use this screen to download and install applications from the web.

Click Applications > Package Management to open the following screen.

Figure 126 Applications > Package Management

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 49 Applications > Package Management

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Package Management
Retrieve List From Internet	Click this to retrieve a list of available packages from the ZyXEL website.
Install/Upgrade Choose the item(s) on the list and click this to install the selected application(s) on your system or upgrade to the latest version if you have previously installed the application.
Uninstall/Cancel Installation	Choose the item(s) on the list and click this to uninstall the selected application(s) from your system or cancel their active download(s) or install process/es.This is only available if you have previously installed the package.
Enable This option	is only for non built-in packages.Choose the item(s) on the list and click this to enable the application(s) on your system.This is only available if you have previously installed the package.
Disable This option	is only for non built-in packages.Choose the item(s) on the list and click this to disable the application on your system. You have to enable the application again in order to use it.This is only available if you have previously installed the package.
Package Info Select	an item on the list and click this to display information about the package. See Section 10.4.1 on page 251 for more details.

Table 49 Applications > Package Management

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status This is the current status of the application. It shows:Not Installed- This displays for applications that have not been installed by the NSA.Installing (%) - This displays when the application is being installed. It also shows the percent of the package already installed.Built-in- This displays for applications installed by the NSA that you can configure in the NSA Web Configurator.Enabled- This displays for applications installed and enabled by the NSA that have their own Web Configurators.Disabled- This displays for applications installed and disabled by the NSA that have their own Web Configurators.Unknown- It is possible to get this status if the web location for the application is unavailable.
Package Name This is the name of the application.
Requires This shows the other packages required in order to run this application.Note: A package would be disabled/enabled simultaneously if its prerequisite package(s) has been disabled/enabled. For example, when you enable WordPress, this also enables PHP-MySQL-phpMyAdmin automatically. However when you enable PHP-MySQL-phpMyAdmin, this does not automatically enable WordPress.
Version This is the version number of the item.The icon indicates that the application has a newer version available. Move your mouse over this icon to see the latest version number. Choose this item and click Install/ Upgrade.
Description This shows a brief description of the application.
Management Page	This shows the location of the screens or Web Configurator where you can manage the application (after the package has been installed on the system).

Note: Once you install an application and enable it, additional links show up in the navigation panel. This applies to eMule, DyDNS, NFS, SMART, BackupPlanner, Syslog Server, and TFTP Server. For Gallery, PHP-MySQL-phpMyAdmin, SqueezeCenter and WordPress, you can access the applications' Web Configurators through the Package Management screen.

10.4.1 Displaying Package Information

Select an installed package from the list and click Package Info. Use this screen to check detailed information about the application.

Figure 127 Applications > Package Management > Package Info

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 50 Applications > Package Management > Package Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status This is the current status of the application. It shows:Not Installed- This displays for applications that have not been installed by the NSA.Installing (%) - This displays when the application is being installed. It also shows the percent of the package already installed.Built-in- This displays for applications installed by the NSA that you can configure in the NSA Web Configurator.Enabled- This displays for applications installed and enabled by the NSA that have their own Web Configurators.Disabled- This displays for applications installed and disabled by the NSA that have their own Web Configurators.
Name This is the name of the application.
Size This is the size of the application at initial download.
Needed Space This is the needed space to complete the installation of the application.
Version This is the version number of the application.
Requires This shows other package/s required to run this application.
Required By This shows which other packages require this application in order to be usable.
Management Page	This shows the location of the screens, console or Web Configurator where you can manage the application (after the package has been installed on the system).
Source This shows the location of the installed files of the application.

Table 50 Applications > Package Management > Package Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Description This shows a brief description of the item.

Close Click this to close the screen.

10.5 eMule Screens

Use these screens to manage the eMule application in your NSA. eMule is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing console that lets you download files from the Internet. It works with eDonkey and Kad networks.

10.5.1 eMule Server Screen

Use this screen to configure the eMule server.

Click Applications > eMule > Server to open the following screen.

Figure 128 Applications > eMule > Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 51 Applications > eMule > Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server - You can add multiple servers in this screen. However, the NSA can only connect to one eMule server at a time.
Enable eMule	Check this and clickApplyto enable the eMule application.
Add Server Click this	is to add an eMule server. A server provides a list of available files for download, users sharing them and other information.Refer toSection 10.5.2 on page 253for theAdd Serverscreen.

Table 51 Applications > eMule > Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
My Info Select a server from the list and click this to view the details and connection status of the server.Refer to Section 10.5.4 on page 255 for the My Info screen.
Connect Click this to connect to the selected server or a random server if no server is selected.
Disconnect Select a server from the list and click this to disconnect from the server.
Edit Server Select a server from the list and click this to edit the server's information, including the server name and IP address.Refer to Section 10.5.3 on page 254 for the Edit Server screen.
Delete Selected Server(s)	Select the server(s) from the list and click this to delete the server(s) from the list.
The table lists your servers. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.
Status This shows the status of the NSA's connection to the server:Connected, Connecting or Not Connected.
IP Address This shows the IP address of the server.
Port Number This shows the port number used by the server for file-sharing.
Name This shows the name of the server.
Response This shows the length of time (in milliseconds) that the server took to reply to the NSA.
Number of Current Users	This shows the number of users currently connected to the server.
Max. User Number	This shows the total number of users that can connect to the server at the same time.
Number of Files This shows the number of files available for download in the server.

You see a warning screen before you delete a server.

Figure 129 Delete a Server

10.5.2 Add Server

Use this screen to add a server for the eMule application.

Click Add in the Applications > eMule > Server screen to add a server.

Figure 130 Applications > eMule > Server: Add

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 52 Applications > eMule > Server: Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server IP Select this	is if you know the server name, IP address and port number of the eMule server you want to add.
Server Name Enter	the server name.
IP Address Enter the	IP address of the server.
Port Number Enter	the port number used by the server for file-sharing.
ED2K Link Select this	is and enter the ED2K link for the eMule server you want to add.The ED2K link is used within the eMule network and contains information about the server.
Insert server.met from URL	Select this and enter the URL from which you want to download the server list that you want the NSA to use.
Apply Click this to apply your changes.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

10.5.3 Edit Server

Use this screen to edit a server for the eMule application.

Click Edit in the Applications > eMule > Server screen to edit a server.

Figure 131 Applications > eMule > Server: Edit

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 53 Applications > eMule > Server: Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Server Name Enter	the server name.
IP Address Enter the	the IP address of the server.
Port Number Enter	the port number of the server.
Apply Click this to apply your changes.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

10.5.4 My Info

Use this screen to view the server details, including the status, IP address and download/upload speeds.

Click MyInfo in the Applications > eMule > Server screen to view the server details.

Figure 132 Applications > eMule > Server: MyInfo

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 54 Applications > eMule > Server: MyInfo

LABEL DESCRIPTION
ED2k Status This shows the status of the NSA's connection to the server: Connected, Connecting or Not Connected.
ED2k ID This is the identification given to the NSA by the eMule server. The ID comes in two types:High ID - The NSA connects to the server directly.Low ID - The NSA connects to the server from behind a firewall.
ED2k IP This is the IP address of the eMule server to which the connected.	NSA is
ED2k Port This is the port number of the eMule server to which the connected.	NSA is

Table 54 Applications > eMule > Server: MyInfo

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Kad This shows the status of the NSA's connection to the Kad network: Connected or Not Connected.Kad is a shortcut for Kademlia network, which does not use servers to store files or user information in order to run a peer-to-peer network. Instead it employs peers/clients as small “servers” and runs queries through these peers.

Download Speed This shows the current download speed of the eMule client.

Upload Speed This shows the current upload speed of the eMule client.

Client in Queue This shows the number of peers waiting to connect to the NSA to download its file (s).

Sources This shows the total number of peers that can share the required files to the NSA eMule client.

Close Click this to exit the screen.

10.5.5 eMule Task Screen

Use this screen to view tasks, including completed, downloading, uploading and shared tasks, that are being handled by the NSA.

Click Applications > eMule > Task screen to view the task details.

Figure 133 Applications > eMule > Task

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 55 Applications > eMule > Task

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Task
Enable eMule	Check this and clickApplyto enable the eMule application.

Table 55 Applications > eMule > Task

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
Add Click this to add a download task (ED2K link) to the list.Refer to Section 10.5.6 on page 258 for the Add Task screen.
Preferences Click this to open a screen where you can set the default location for saving downloaded files. You can also configure your eMule download settings.Refer to Section 10.5.7 on page 260 for the Preferences screen.
Browse Incomplete Downloads	Click this to open a screen where you can see a list of *.part.met files that the NSA is still in the process of downloading.Refer to Section 10.5.9 on page 264 for the Share Browsing screen.
Clear All Completed	Click this to remove all completed downloads from the task list. This only removes the newly completed task(s) in this session.
Refresh Click this to refresh the task screen.
Delete Select an item from the list and click this to delete the task.
Pause Select an item from the list and click this to pause the task.
Resume Select a paused item from the list and click this to resume the task.
Task Info Select an item from the list and click this to view the details and status of the task.
The table lists your tasks. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.
Downloading This table shows a list of download tasks that are still in progress.
Newly Completed This table shows a list of tasks that have been completed but have not been cleared from the list.
Uploading This table shows a list of upload tasks that are still in progress.
Shared Files This table shows a list of files on the NSA that are available for download by other peers in the network.
Status	This shows the current status of the task: Waiting or Downloading.
Name/File Name	This shows the name of the file(s) associated to the task.
File Size/Size	This shows the size of the file(s) associated in the task.
Complete (%)	This shows the percentage of the file that has been downloaded by the NSA. It also indicates what percent of the file still needs to be downloaded.
Source	This shows the total number of peers that can share the required files to the NSA eMule client.
Download Speed	This shows the download speed of the NSA for the task.
Time Left	This shows how much more time the NSA needs to complete the file's download.
Priority	Use this field to set the priority for the task. Choose from Auto, Low, Normal or High.Select Auto to have the NSA automatically determine the task's priority.Select High to have the NSA complete this task before the others.

Table 55 Applications > eMule > Task

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Transferred This shows what percent of the file the NSA has uploaded to other peers.This column is available in the Uploading tab.
Upload Speed This shows the upload speed of the NSA.This column is available in the Uploading tab.
Requests This shows the number of requests for a shared file.This column is available in the Shared Files tab.
Accepted Requests	This shows the number of file requests granted by the NSA.This column is available in the Shared Files tab.

Note: Download tasks initially appear in the Downloading tab of the eMule Task screen. Depending on its status, it can eventually show up in the other tabs (Newly Completed, Uploading or Shared Files tabs).

You see a warning screen before you delete a task.

Figure 134 Delete a Task

10.5.6 Add Task

Use this to add a download task to the NSA.

Click Add in the Applications > eMule > Task screen to add a task.

Figure 135 Applications > eMule > Task: Add

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 56 Applications > eMule > Task: Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Source
ED2K Link Paste the	the ED2K link of the file you want to download into this field.The ED2K link identifies files in the eMule network. It starts with ed2k:// and may contain the name and size of the file you want to download.
Location of Downloaded Files	This shows where the NSA stores new downloads (Put incomplete downloads in) and where the NSA moves completed downloads (Move completed downloads to).The Share column shows the name of the share where the file is downloaded.The Path column points to the location in the share where the NSA will save the downloaded files.

Table 56 Applications > eMule > Task: Add

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Edit Click this to open the following screen where you can set the default folder location where you “Put incomplete downloads in” and “Move complete downloads to”:Share - Select the destination share from the drop-down list.Path - This field displays the share folder's path. You can useBrowse to find or create a folder on the NSA or type the location of the folder using forward slashes as branch separators.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📋 to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a folder or file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don't select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.

Apply Click this to save your changes.

Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

10.5.7 Preferences

Use this screen to configure your eMule settings, such as port numbers to use, its download/upload rates and the maximum number of peers allowed to connect to the NSA.

Click Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences to open the following screen.

Figure 136 Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 57 Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Username
Username Enter your user name that identifies the NSA in the eMule network.
Location of Downloaded Files	This shows where the NSA stores new downloads (Put incomplete downloads in) and where the NSA moves completed downloads (Move completed downloads to).The Share column shows the name of the share where the file is downloaded.The Path column points to the location in the share where the NSA will save the downloaded files.

Table 57 Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Edit Click this to open the following screen where you can set the default folder location where you “Put incomplete downloads in” and “Move complete downloads to”:.Share - Select the destination share from the drop-down list.Path - This field displays the share folder’s path. You can useBrowse to find or create a folder on the NSA or type the location of the folder using forward slashes as branch separators.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📋 to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a folder or file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don’t select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.
Port Number
UDP Port Enter the	UDP port number you want to use for file transfers.
TCP Port Enter the	TCP port number you want to use for file transfers.
Upload and Download Rate
Max. download rate	Enter the maximum download rate for download tasks.
Max. upload rate	Enter the maximum upload rate for upload tasks.
Connection
Maximum Number of Active Connections	Enter the maximum number of eMule peer-to-peer connections.
IP Filter

Table 57 Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Edit IP Filter Click	this to edit the IP Filter.IP filtering prevents your NSA from accessing certain networks and IP addresses that may be hosting malicious programs.Refer to Section 10.5.8 on page 263 to view and configure the Edit IP Filter screen.
Apply Click this to	save your changes.
Reset Click this to	clear the fields.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

10.5.8 Edit IP Filter

Use this screen to enable IP filtering which prevents your NSA from accessing certain networks and IP addresses that may be hosting malicious programs.

Figure 137 Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences: Edit IP Filter

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 58 Applications > eMule > Task > Preferences: Edit IP Filter

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable IP Filter Click	This to enable IP filtering. This prevents your NSA from accessing certain networks and IP addresses that may be hosting malicious programs.SelectUpdate IP Filter Table File from the Internet Every Week if you know the web location of the IP filter table you want to use.Enter the link where your NSA can acquire the list of networks and IP addresses. The NSA checks this link every week and uses the latest IP filter table available.SelectUpload IP Filter Tableif you want to use an IP filter table from your local computer.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

10.5.9 Share Browsing

Use this screen to view a list of files that are still being downloaded by the NSA. The files are located in the eMule\Temp folder in the Admin share by default.

Click Applications > eMule > Task > Browse Incomplete Downloads to open the following screen.

Figure 138 Applications > eMule > Task > Browse Incomplete Downloads

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 59 Sharing > Shares > Share Browser

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Create Folder	Type a folder name and clickApplyto make a new folder. The name can be 1 to 239 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing folder in the same path. SeeSection 3.4.7 on page 67for more information on folder names.
Upload	Click this to add files to the share. UseBrowseto locate a file and clickApplyto upload the file. Note that the size of each file should be less than 2 GB.
Rename Select	a folder or file and click this to open a screen. Enter the name you want and click OK to make the changes.Note: When you change a file name, make sure you keep the file extension.
Delete Select a	file/folder from the list and click this to open a warning screen.Click Yes to delete the file/folder, or click No to close the screen.
Move Select a	file/folder from the list and click this to relocate the file/folder to another share.
Copy Select a	file/folder from the list and click this to make a duplicate of the file/folder to another share.
Current location	This is the name of the share and folder path that you are in.
Type The icon	in this column identifies the entry as a folder or a file.The folder with an arrow pointing up is for the link that takes you to the next higher layer in the share's folder tree.
Name This section lists the share's existing folders or files. Click to the right of the file/folder name to select the file/folder. You can also click the folder's name to navigate to a sub-folder within the folder.
Size This field	displays size of the file.
Modified Date	This field displays a file's latest modification date.
Close Click this	to close the screen.

10.5.10 Task Info

Use this screen to view eMule task details, such as status, file name, file size and its download progress.

Click Task Info in Applications > eMule > Task screen to open the following.

Figure 139 Applications > eMule > Task: Task Info

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 60 Applications > eMule > Task: Task Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status	This shows the current status of the task - Waiting or Downloading.
Name This shows the file name of the file associated with the task.You can change this file name by entering the new name and clicking Apply.
part.met File This shows the temporary file name for an incomplete file.Files in peer-to-peer networks can be divided into several parts for easier download. Once all the parts have been downloaded, you can run one part and the file automatically rebuilds itself. If the download of the file(s) is not completed, the file parts cannot open on their own.
Hash This shows the hash value of the download file.This is a text string that can be interpreted by eMule to check the downloaded file's integrity.
ED2K Link This shows the ED2K link for this file.The ED2K link identifies files in the eMule network. It starts with ed2k:// and may contain the name and size of the file you want to download.
Size This shows the size of the file associated with the task.
Done Size This shows the size of the file that has been downloaded so far.
Complete (%) This shows what percent of the file has been downloaded so far.
Source This shows the total number of peers that can share the required files to the NSA eMule client.
Download Speed This shows the download speed for the task.
Time Left	This shows how much time is needed to complete the task.
Priority	This shows the priority of this task.You can set this in Section 10.5.5 on page 256.

Table 60 Applications > eMule > Task: Task Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Seen Complete This shows the last time a source with the complete file was online.

Close Click this to exit the screen.

10.5.11 eMule Search Screen

Use this screen to search for files available in an eMule server using keywords and other parameters, such as file type, file size and extension names.

Click Applications > eMule > Search to open the following screen.

Figure 140 Applications > eMule > Search

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 61 Applications > eMule > Search

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Search
Enable eMule	Check this and clickApplyto enable the eMule application.
Keyword(s) Enter words that are related to the file you want to download.
File Type Select the file type that you want to download.
Method Select the search method you want eMule to employ.
Min Size Enter the minimum file size you want included in the search results.
Max Size Enter the maximum file size you want included in the search results.
Min Sources Enter the minimum number of peers sharing the file you want to download.
Extension Enter the file extensions separated by commas of files you want included in the search results.
Search Click this to have the NSA search the eMule network for files that match the criteria you have set.
Clear Click this to clear the fields.

Table 61 Applications > eMule > Search

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Download Select a	file from the results and click this to start downloading the file.
This table shows the results of the search.
File Name This shows	ws the name of the file(s) that match the criteria you have set.
File Size This shows	s the size of the file(s) that match the criteria you have set.
Source This shows	how many peers are currently available to share this file so that the NSA can download it.

10.6 DyDNS Screen

Use this to enable and configure DyDNS.

Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with a dynamic DNS service so that anyone can contact you (such as through NetMeeting or CUSeeMe). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.

Click Network > DyDNS to open the following screen.

Figure 141 Network > DyDNS

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 62 Network > DyDNS

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Gateway Information
Internal Address This shows the IP address assigned to the NSA by the gateway in your local network.
External Address This shows the IP address of the NSA that can be accessed in the Wide Area Network (WAN). Note that this is not assigned by the DyDNS server.
Configuration
Enable DyDNS	Select this to use dynamic DNS.You need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with a service provider such as www.dyndns.org. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.
Service Provider Select your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Hostname Enter your host name provided by the Dynamic DNS service.
Username Enter your user name for your DNS account.
Password Enter the password assigned to your DNS account.
Password (Confirm)	Confirm the password you entered.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to clear the fields.

10.7 NFS Screen

Use this screen to enable and configure Network File System (NFS) settings on your NSA.

NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments. This allows shared folders in your NSA to be accessible like a local folder in a user's computer.

Click Network > NFS to open the following screen.

Figure 142 Network > NFS

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 63 Network > NFS

LABEL DESCRIPTION
NFS Service
Enable NFS Server	Click this to employ NFS in your NSA.
Disable NFS Server	Click this to stop using NFS.This makes all NFS shares unavailable.
Add NFS Share Click	this to add an NFS share.Refer to Section 10.7.1 on page 271 for the Add NFS Share screen.
NFS Session Click	this to view active NFS sessions. You can see the list of users who have access to the NFS shares.Refer to Section 10.7.2 on page 272 for the NFS Session screen.
Edit NFS Share Select	an NFS share from the list and click this to edit it.Refer to Section 10.7.1 on page 271 for the Edit NFS Share screen.
Delete NFS Share (s)	Select an NFS share from the list and click this to delete it.
The table lists your NFS shares. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.
Status This shows	whether the share is active or not.
NFS Share Path This	shows the location of the share in the NSA.
Volume Name This	shows the volume where the NFS share is located.
DN/IP Filter This shows	which domain name(s) or IP address(es) have read/write access to the NFS shares.Refer to Section 10.7.1 on page 271 for the screen where you can configure this.
Comment This shows	a short description of the share.

You see a warning screen before you delete a volume.

Figure 143 Delete an NFS Share

10.7.1 Add/Edit NFS Share

Use this screen to add or edit an NFS share.

Note: Some attributes of the NFS share cannot be edited.

Click Add or Edit in the Network > NFS screen to open the following:

Figure 144 Network > NFS: Add/Edit

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 64 Network > NFS: Add/Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Volume Name Select the volume where the folder you want to add as an NFS share is located.

NFS Share Name Enter the name you want to give to the NFS share.

Full Path This shows the location of the NFS share in the NSA.The NFS server assigns this path to the share folder you input.

Comment Enter a short description for the share.

Table 64 Network > NFS: Add/Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION
DN/IP Filter Enter t	the domain name(s) or IP address(es) that can have access to the NFS share.Enter ‘*’ to make the share available to all users in the network. You can also enter a wildcard, such as ‘*.domain.com’ to indicate that all users within that network have access to the share.Select the access rights you want to grant to each domain name or IP address you enter and click Add.Read Only- Users with this access right can only view and copy files in the NFS share but cannot modify or delete them.Read/Write- Users with this access right can view, edit or delete files in the NFS share.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

10.7.2 NFS Session

Use this screen to view a list of active NFS sessions. You can see which users are connected the NFS shares.

Click NFS Session in the Network > NFS screen to open the following.

Figure 145 Network > NFS: NFS Session

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 65 Network > NFS: NFS Session

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Type This shows if	the NFS share is active or not.
NFS Share Path This	is shows the location of the share in the NSA.
Username This shows	the username of the active user connected to the NFS share.
Connected At This	displays the date and time the user last connected to the NSA in year, month, day, hour, minute, second format.
IP Address This shows	the IP address of the user accessing the NFS share.
OK Click this to close the window.

10.8 SMART Screen

Use this screen to view indicators of your NSA's hard disk(s) health.

Self Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T) detects and reports the reliability of hard disks using standard indicators (called "attributes"), to help you anticipate possible disk failures.

Note: The fields included the screens may vary depending on the hard disk that you use.

Click Storage > S.M.A.R.T to open the following screen.

Figure 146 Storage > S.M.A.R.T

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 66 Storage > S.M.A.R.T

LABEL DESCRIPTION

S.M.A.R.T. Information

Brief Summary Select a hard disk volume from the list and click this to display information about the volume, such as the hard disk vendor, specific model, hard disk capacity and so on.See Section 10.8.1 on page 274 to view the Brief Summary screen.

Full Summary Select a volume and click this to display more detailed information about the volume.See Section 10.8.1 on page 274 to view the Full Summary screen.

The table lists your hard disks. Click a column's heading to sort the entries by that criteria.

Status This shows the condition of the hard disk volume. Go to Section 7.5.3 on page 181 for more information.

Name This shows the name assigned to the hard disk.

Temperature This shows the temperature of the hard disk in degrees celsius.

Table 66 Storage > S.M.A.R.T

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Performance This shows your hard disk's performance. Refer to Section 10.8.2 on page 275 for more information on how S.M.A.R.T determines your hard disk's condition. This displays:Good - This shows when you compare each Value with the Threshold Value and all the Value is greater than the Threshold Value.Bad - This shows when you compare each Value with the Threshold Value and at least one Value is less than or equal to the Threshold Value.

Type This shows volume type or file system that the hard disk is using, such as JBOD, PC Compatible Volume and RAID or FAT32, FAT16 and NTFS.See Section 7.5.2 on page 180 for descriptions of the volume types.

Volume Name This shows the name of the hard disk volume.

Model Name This shows the factory model of the hard disk.

Capacity This shows the total hard disk space of the hard disk volume.

10.8.1 SMART Brief Summary

Use this screen to display information about the volume, such as the hard disk vendor, specific model, hard disk capacity and so on.

Click Brief Summary in the Storage > S.M.A.R.T screen to display the following.

Figure 147 Storage > S.M.A.R.T: Brief Summary

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 67 Storage > S.M.A.R.T: Brief Summary

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Brief Summary

Temperature This shows the current temperature of the hard disk in degrees celsius.

Table 67 Storage > S.M.A.R.T: Brief Summary

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
Health This describes the overall health of the volume based on S.M.A.R.T diagnostics.
Performance This shows your hard disk's performance. Refer to Section 10.8.2 on page 275 for more information on how S.M.A.R.T determines your hard disk's condition. This displays:Good - This shows when you compare each Value with the Threshold Value and all the Value is greater than the Threshold Value.Bad - This shows when you compare each Value with the Threshold Value and at least one Value is less than or equal to the Threshold Value.
Detailed Information
Model Family This shows the vendor and product family of the hard disk.
Device Model This shows the factory model of the hard disk.
Serial Number This shows the serial number of the hard disk.
Firmware Version This shows the firmware version installed in the hard disk.
User Capacity This shows the total hard disk space of the hard disk volume.
ATA Version This shows the ATA version of the hard disk, which refers to an industry standard category for storage devices and connectors used.
ATA Standard This field displays the Advanced Technology Attachment standard the hard drive supports.
Local Time This field displays the local time that the hard drive is using.
SMART support	This field displays whether or not the hard drive is SMART-capable.
SMART support	This field displays whether or not the hard drive has SMART monitoring turned on.
OK	Click this to close the window.

10.8.2 SMART Full Summary

Use this screen to display more details information about the volume.

Click Full Summary in the Storage > S.M.A.R.T screen to display the following.

Figure 148 Storage > S.M.A.R.T: Full Summary

Full Summary
ID	Attribute Name	Flag	Value	Worst	Threshold	Type	Updated	When Failed
197	Current_Pending_Sector	0x0012	100	100	000	Old_age	Always	-
195	Hardware_ECC_Recovered	0x001a	063	045	000	Old_age	Always	-
200	Multi_Zone_Error_Rate	0x0000	100	253	000	Old_age	Offline	-
198	Offline_Uncorrectable	0x0010	100	100	000	Old_age	Offline	-
12	Power_Cycle_Count	0x0032	100	100	020	Old_age	Always	-
9	Power_On_Hours	0x0032	097	097	000	Old_age	Always	-
1	Raw_Read_Error_Rate	0x000f	063	045	006	Pre-fail	Always	-
5	Reallocated_Sector_Ct	0x0033	100	100	036	Pre-fail	Always	-
	Seek_Error_Rate	0x000f	082	060	030	Pre-fail	Always

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 68 Storage > S.M.A.R.T: Full Summary

LABEL DESCRIPTION
ID This is the identification number used to tag a hard disk attribute. This is standard across all S.M.A.R.T-enabled storage devices. However it depends on the storage vendor which attributes it will allow S.M.A.R.T to diagnose.
Attribute Name This refers to an attribute of the hard disk that S.M.A.R.T can assess. Attributes describe the hard disk's physical state, performance, wear-and-tear, and so on.
Flag This shows a code that S.M.A.R.T uses to determine the current state of the hard disk.
Value	This is a value that corresponds to the Raw Value. Compare this with the Threshold Value.S.M.A.R.T compresses the raw value(s) into a digit from 1 to 253, where 1 indicates the worst scenario while 253 indicates the best scenario.The values 100 or 200 usually represent the mean or normal value.
Worst This is the lowest value attained by the hard disk since S.M.A.R.T started its assessment of the hard disk.
Threshold This is the attribute's threshold value. If the attribute's current normalized value is less than or equal to the threshold, the attribute has failed. An attribute value close to or below the threshold indicates the hard drive is no longer reliable.
Type This shows S.M.A.R.T's assessment of the hard disk.Old_age indicates end-of-product life from old-age (normal wearing out) if the attribute value is less than or equal to the threshold.Pre-fail indicate imminent hard drive failure if the attribute value is less than or equal to the threshold.Note that just because an attribute is of the Pre-fail type does not mean your hard drive is ready to fail. It only means this if the current normalized value of the attribute is less than or equal to the threshold.
Updated This indicates when the hard drive updates the value for this attribute.Always means the hard drive updates this attribute during normal operation and during offline activities.Offline means the hard drive only updates this attribute when no one is accessing the hard drive.

Table 68 Storage > S.M.A.R.T: Full Summary

LABEL DESCRIPTION

When Failed This column indicates when (if ever) the attribute failed. An attribute has failed if the normalized value is less than or equal to the threshold.· -: This displays if the attribute is not failing now and has never failed in the past.· FAILING_NOW: This displays if the attribute's current normalized value is less than or equal to the threshold.· In_the_past: This displays if the attribute's current normalized value is greater than the threshold but the worst recorded value is less than or equal to the threshold.

Raw Value This is the attribute's unprocessed raw data. These values show exact amounts of time or numbers of attempts or errors. The meaning to the raw values is specific to the hard drive manufacturer. Table 42 on page 156 has some information about whether a higher or lower individual raw S.M.A.R.T. attribute value is better.

OK Click this to close this window.

10.9 Protect Screens

The Protect screens include:

• Backup screens - These include steps to create and customize backup jobs.
• Restore screens - These include steps to restore previous backups made with the NSA.

Use this screen to create and customize scheduled backup jobs for your files.

You can have several backup jobs for specific folders and time periods.

Click Protect > Backup to open the following screen.

Figure 149 Protect > Backup

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 69 Protect > Backup

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup
Add Job Click this to create and customize a backup job.
Edit Job Select a backup job in the list and click this to make some changes to it.
Delete Selected Job(s)	Select a backup job in the list and click this to delete it.
Execute Job Now Select a backup job in the list and click this to run the backup job immediately.
Restore Archive Select a backup job in the list and click this to restore the file(s) included in that backup job to the NSA.This applies to Archive backups only. Refer to Section 10.10.8 on page 289 to see the screens.
Abort Job Select a backup job in the list and click this to stop the process if the backup job is currently active.
Status This shows the current state of the backup job.Waiting means the backup job is not active but is scheduled to run at some time.Running indicates that the NSA is currently doing the backup job. When the backup job is running, you can also see a progress bar.
Job Name This identifies the backup job.
Job Description This is a short description of the backup job.
Backup Info This lists down the backup job details: type, source and target. Refer to Section 10.10.1 on page 279 and Section 10.10.2 on page 281.
Scheduler Info This shows the backup schedule, including the frequency, the time it was last run in (and whether or not it succeeded), and when it is scheduled to run again. The times use yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss format.Refer to Section 10.10.4 on page 285.

10.10.1 Backup: Step 1

Use this screen to specify the job information and back up type.

Click Add Job in the Protect > Backup screen to open the following:

Figure 150 Protect > Backup: Step 1

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 70 Protect > Backup: Step 1

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Job Information

Job Name Enter a name to identify the backup job.

Job Description Enter a short description (up to 100 keyboard characters) for the backup job.

Table 70 Protect > Backup: Step 1

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Backup Type Choose the backup type that you want the NSA to implement for the backup job.Archive- This is a backup of the source folder in an archive format.Once you backup your files in the target folder, you cannot access the files individually unless you have the extracting tool used by the NSA.If there are existing files in the target folder prior to the NSA’s backup job, the files remain undisturbed. You can also choose between the following types of archive:Full- The NSA does a fresh backup each time. This provides the most protection but also requires the most storage space.Incremental- The NSA backs up new or modified files from the source folder since the last backup. The first backup is a full backup. You can also do a full backup after several incremental backups. Enter how many incremental backups the NSA runs before it performs a full backup of the source folder. You must keep the latest full backup to be able to restore the files later.Synchronization- This does a backup of individual files. If you use this type, you cannot use theRestorefeature of the NSA. You can also choose between the following types of synchronization:Mirror- The NSA deletes all data in the target folder before running the backup. It makes the target folder identical to the source folder.Publish- The NSA does a backup of individual files to the target folder without overwriting existing files in that folder. It makes a copy of the source files.

Next Click this to go to the next step.

10.10.2 Backup: Step 2

Use this screen to specify where the files you want to backup are located and set where you want the backup to be stored.

Figure 151 Protect > Backup: Step 2

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 71 Protect > Backup: Step 2

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup Source Select an (internal) volume and the folders and files to back up using this tree interface.Click +to browse through folders, sub-folders and files.Click -to close a folder in the tree. This is useful if there are many folders or files that you wish to hide from view.Click to select a folder or file to back up. This also selects all sub-folders and files.Click to deselect the folder or file. This also deselects all sub-folders and files.More ... ▲ and More appear when there are too many folders/files to display. Click the arrows to scroll up or down through the folders/files.✓ for a folder means all sub-folders and files and new folders/files added later will be backed up.✓ for a file means the file will be backed up.✓ (a grayed out check box) for a folder means that only some sub-folders and files under the folder will be backed up. Newly added folders/files will NOT be backed up.○ means the file structure is still loading. Please wait for the folders/files to display.Note: If you select to back up an entire folder and then de-select a sub-folder or file within that folder, the main folder icon will turn and any new sub-folders and files added to this main folder after the initial backup configuration will NOT be backed up.A list of your select folders and files displays below the selection fields.
Selected Source Folders	This shows the path of the backup source folder you selected.
Backup Target Select the target folder where you want to place your backup.

Table 71 Protect > Backup: Step 2

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Remote Select this	to back up to another device.For Archives:The remote device can be another NSA in the network. Fill in the following fields in order to be able to access it.Remote NSA AddressU s e r n a m ePasswordShare N a m eClick Test Connection to see if your NSA can communicate with the remote device.For Synchronization:The remote device must be another NSA compatible with the NSA's synchronization feature. Fill in the following fields in order to be able to access it.Remote NSA AddressUsername (always “admin”)Remote Admin's PasswordClick Show target content to connect to the remote NSA so you can select the target share for the backup.
Local Select this if	you want to place your backup in another volume in the NSA. Select the folder where you want to place the backup.
External Select this	if you have a USB hard disk connected to the NSA that you want to use for your backup. Select the folder where you want to place the backup.
Previous Click this	to go back to the previous screen.
Next Click this to go to the next screen.

10.10.3 Backup: Step 3

Use this screen to specify compression, encryption and purge policies for the backup job. This step is only available if you are doing an archive backup or a synchronization backup to a remote target.

Figure 152 Protect > Backup: Step 3

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 72 Protect > Backup: Step 3

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Compression	Select Yes if you want NSA to compress the files for your backup. Otherwise, choose No.In an Archive backup, compression is a method of packing computing files in a way that saves hard disk space.For a Synchronization backup (to a remote target), the source data will be compressed before the transmission to reduce the transmission time. It is used in slow networks only.
Encryption	Select Yes if you want NSA to encrypt the files for your backup. Otherwise, choose No.In an Archive backup, this means using a password to secure files.For a Synchronization backup (to a remote target), this means securing the file transfer session. However the final file stored on the remote NSA is unencrypted. This takes a long time. Make sure you really need this feature before enabling it.
Bandwidth Restrict	the bandwidth of synchronization backups to help stop them from using all of your network connection's available bandwidth. This is more important when backing up to a remote NSA or computer through the Internet.

Table 72 Protect > Backup: Step 3

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Purge Policy The NSA	SA maintains the files that have been included in your backups.However to save hard disk space, you can choose to delete files that have been included in previous backups.SelectKeep All Old Backup filesto store all files that have been included in previous backups.If you want to store a certain number of backup files, selectKeep Only the last n backup files (1-30). Enter a value (n) from 1 to 30 to specify how many backups the NSA stores. All backup files older than the last one are deleted. You will not be able to recover files that existed (only) in those previous backups. Select this if backup space is limited and recovery of old files is not important.If you want to store all backups for a certain time period, selectKeep Backups for n day(s)(1-3650). Enter a value (n) from 1 to 3650 to specify how many days the NSA stores all backup files. After this day has expired, all backup files will be deleted.
Previous Click this	to go back to the previous screen.
Next Click this to go to the next screen.

10.10.4 Backup: Step 4

Click this to specify the schedule for the backup job. The backup job automatically runs according to the schedule that you set in this screen.

Figure 153 Protect > Backup: Step 4

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 73 Protect > Backup: Step 4

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Scheduler
Backup Frequency	Select from Hourly, Daily, Weekly and Monthly backup intervals. The screen changes depending on the item you select.

Table 73 Protect > Backup: Step 4

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Every how many hours?	This is only available if you selected Hourly as your backup frequency.Select every how many hours the NSA performs the backup job.
On which minute of the hour?	This is only available if you selected Hourly as your backup frequency.Select the minute (from 0 to 59) in an hour when the NSA performs the backup job.
Start Time (hh:mm)	This is available if you selected Daily, Weekly or Monthly as your backup frequency.Select the time in hour:minute format when you want the NSA to perform the backup job.
Every how many days?	This is only available if you selected Daily as your backup frequency.Enter the interval between days when the NSA performs the backup job.
Every how many weeks?	This is only available if you selected Weekly as your backup frequency.Enter the interval between weeks when NSA performs the backup job.
Step 1: Please select the month(s) of a year	This is only available if you selected Monthly as your backup frequency.Select the month(s) when you want the NSA to perform the backup job.
Step 2: Please select the day of the month	This is only available if you selected Monthly as your backup frequency.Select the day in a month when you want the NSA to perform the backup job.
Previous Click this	to go back to the previous screen.
Done Click this to close the screen.

10.10.5 Edit Job Screen

Use this screen to edit an existing backup job. Some attributes of the backup job cannot be changed, such as the name, backup type, source folder and so on.

10.10.6 Edit Job: Step 1

Click Protect > Backup. Select a backup job from the list and click Edit Job to open the following.

Figure 154 Protect > Backup > Edit: Step 1

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 74 Protect > Backup > Edit: Step 1

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Job Settings
Job Name This field	is read-only and shows the name of the backup job.
Job Description Enter	er a short description for the backup job.
Backup Type This field	is read-only and shows the backup type.
Source folder(s)/file(s)	This is read-only and shows the path of the source folder for backup.
Backup Target This field	is read-only and shows on which volume (whether internal or external) the backup files are stored. If the target location is a remote NSA, this shows the remote IP address.
Target Path This field	is read-only and shows the target folder for the backup files.

Table 74 Protect > Backup > Edit: Step 1

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Compression This field is read-only and shows whether the backup employs compression.Compression reduces the size of the file that you want to back up.Backup is then faster, but restoring may be slower, so if backup space is not a concern and recovery speed is, then turn off compression.

Encryption This field is read-only and shows whether the backup employs encryption.You can have the NSA use a password to encrypt the backup files.

Bandwidth For backups to a remote NSA, you can restrict the bandwidth to help prevent the backups from using all of your network connection's available bandwidth. This is more important when backing up to a remote NSA or computer through the Internet.

Purge Policy The NSA maintains the files that have been included in your backups.However to save hard disk space, you can choose to delete files that have been included in previous backups.SelectKeep All Old Backup filesto store all files that have been included in previous backups.If you want to store a certain number of backup files, selectKeep Only the last n backup files (1-30). Enter a value (n) from 1 to 30 to specify how many backups the NSA stores. All backup files older than the last one are deleted. You will not be able to recover files that existed (only) in those previous backups. Select this if backup space is limited and recovery of old files is not important.If you want to store all backups for a certain time period, selectKeep Backups for n day(s)(1-3650). Enter a value (n) from 1 to 3650 to specify how many days the NSA stores all backup files. After this day has expired, all backup files will be deleted.

Next Click this to go to the next screen.

10.10.7 Edit Job: Step 2

Use this screen to edit the schedule for the backup job.

Figure 155 Protect > Backup > Edit: Step 2

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 75 Protect > Backup > Edit: Step 2

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Scheduler Settings
Backup Frequency	Edit this by selecting from Hourly, Daily, Weekly and Monthly backup intervals. The screen changes depending on the item you select.
Every how many hours?	This is only available if you selected Hourly as your backup frequency.Select every how many hours the NSA performs the backup job.
On which minute of the hour?	This is only available if you selected Hourly as your backup frequency.Select the minute (from 0 to 59) in an hour when the NSA performs the backup job.
Start Time (hh:mm)	This is available if you selected Daily, Weekly or Monthly as your backup frequency.Select the time in hour:minute format when you want the NSA to perform the backup job.
Every how many days?	This is only available if you selected Daily as your backup frequency.Enter the interval between days when the NSA performs the backup job.
Every how many weeks?	This is only available if you selected Weekly as your backup frequency.Enter the interval between weeks when NSA performs the backup job.
Step 1: Please select the month(s) of a year	This is only available if you selected Monthly as your backup frequency.Select the month(s) when you want the NSA to perform the backup job.
Step 2: Please select the day of the month	This is only available if you selected Monthly as your backup frequency.Select the day in a month when you want the NSA to perform the backup job.
Previous Click this	to go back to the previous screen.
Done Click this to close the screen.

Use this screen to restore previous backups made with the NSA.

Click Protect > Backup screen (Section 10.10 on page 277). You can restore a previous backup job by selecting a backup job from the list and clicking Restore Archive.

Figure 156 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 1

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 76 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 1

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Step 1. Select Restore Source	Select a previous archive backup that you want to restore to the NSA.
Job Information
Job Name This is the name to identify the backup job.
Job Description This is a short description (up to 100 keyboard characters) for the backup job.
Backup Type This is the type of backup implemented for the backup job.
Scheduler Information	This field displays the backup's frequency.
Restored Time Select a previous backup in the list that you want to restore to your NSA.
Next Click this to go to the next screen.

Use this screen to select the folder where the archive you want to restore is located.

Figure 157 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 2

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 77 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 2

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Step 2. Please select which file(s)/folder(s) to restore.

Folder Chooser Select the folder where the backup you want to restore is located.

Selected Folder This shows the path of the folder you selected.

Previous Click this to go back to the previous screen.

Next Click this to go to the next screen.

Use this screen to select the location in the NSA where you want to restore your backup.

Figure 158 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 3

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 78 Protect > Backup > Restore Archive: Step 3

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Step 3. Set a restore target and start restoring
Original Location Select this to restore the files to their original location in the NSA.
Other Location Click this to select a folder where you want to place the restored files.ClickBrowse to open the following screen.Volume - Select a volume from the list.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Type - This identifies the item as a file or folder.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.ClickApply to save your settings andCancel to close the screen.
Previous Click this to go back to the previous screen.
Done	Click this to run the restore process and go back to theBackupscreen.

Use this screen to restore previous backups made with the NSA, including archives and folders from internal, external or remote NSAs to the NSA.

You can access this screen by clicking Protect > Restore.

Figure 159 Protect > Restore: Step 1

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 79 Protect >Restore: Step 1

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Step 1. Select Restore Source	Select a previous archive backup that you want to restore to the NSA.Select Remote NSA if the file is in another NSA in the network that you used for your backup. Fill in the fields below when you choose this option.Select Internal or External Volume if you want to use another volume in the NSA or an attached USB hard disk for your backup.Click Browse to select the backup file.
IP Address Enter the address of the NSA you want to use.
User Enter the user name you use to access the NSA.
Password Enter the password of your NSA account.
Share Name Enter the name of the share you want to use.
Test Connection Click this to test your connection to the remote NSA that you have specified in the fields above.

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Browse Click this to select where the previous backup that you want to restore is located.
	Volume - Select a volume from the list.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Type - This identifies the item as a file or folder.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.
Next Click this to go to the next screen.

Select a previous archive backup that you want to restore to the NSA.

Figure 160 Protect > Restore: Step 2

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 80 Protect >Restore: Step 2

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Step 2. Select Restore Point	If you selected Remote NSA for the backup you want to restore, you can see a list of all the backups you performed in the Job Name table.If you selected Internal or External Volume for the backup you want to restore, you can see a list of restore times for the backups you performed in the Restored Time table.
Job Name Select a	previous backup job in the list that you want to restore to your NSA. Once you choose a job name, all available restore times for that backup job shows in the Restored Time table.
Restored Time Select	a previous backup job in the list that you want to restore to your NSA.
Previous Click this	to go back to the previous screen.
Next Click this to go to the next screen.

Use this screen to select the folder where the archive you want to restore is located.

Figure 161 Protect > Restore: Step 3

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 81 Protect >Restore: Step 3

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Step 3. Please select which file(s)/folder(s) to restore.

Folder Chooser Select the folder where the backup you want to restore is located.

Selected Folder This shows the path of the folder you selected.

Previous Click this to go back to the previous screen.

Next Click this to go to the next screen.

Use this screen to select the location in the NSA where you want to restore your backup.

Figure 162 Protect > Restore: Step 4

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 82 Protect >Restore: Step 4

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Step 3. Set a restore target and start restoring
Browse Click this to	select a folder where you want to place the restored files.Volume - Select a volume from the list.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Type - This identifies the item as a file or folder.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.
Previous Click this	to go back to the previous screen.
Done	Click this to run the restore process and go back to the Backup screen.

10.12 Syslog Server Screen

Use this screen to configure the NSA to accept syslog logs from syslog clients such as ZyXEL's G-4100 v2.

Note: You may need to configure any firewalls between the NSA and the syslog clients in order to let the syslog traffic go to the NSA.

Click Applications > Syslog Server to open the following screen.

Figure 163 Applications > Syslog Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 83 Applications > Syslog Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Syslog Server	Select this to have the NSA accept syslog logs from syslog clients. Clear it to stop the NSA from accepting syslog logs from syslog clients.
Log Location	Click View Files to browse to where you want to store the syslog logs on the NSA.
Shares Select the share in which to store the syslog logs.
Path Use this if you want to further specify a folder within the share. This field displays the share folder's path. Type the location of the folder using forward slashes as branch separators or use Browse to find or create a folder on the NSA.After you click Apply in the Syslog Server screen the NSA creates a folder for the current month's logs. The folder's name uses the year and month in YYYYMM format.

Table 83 Applications > Syslog Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Purge Policy	Select Enable Purge Policy and set a number of months in the Log Deletion Interval field that displays to have the NSA delete the syslog messages after keeping them for the specified period of time.Regardless of how you set the purge policy, to save hard disk space the NSA archives the syslog logs in a .tgz file on the second day of each month and deletes the original folder and syslog files. The NSA creates a new folder for the syslog logs it receives after that. You can use a zip program such as 7-zip to open the archives.
Log Format Select	the format you want to use for recording the received logs.The Example item below the drop-down list boxes displays how the selected custom format looks. For example, if you select Full Date, the individual log entries would display with something like 2009 May 13 17:15:51 in front of them.
Apply Click this to	save your changes.
Reset Click this to	restore the screen's last-saved settings.

10.13 TFTP Server Screen

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP and often used for transmitting large numbers of small files. Use this screen to configure the NSA to accept log files from TFTP clients such as ZyXEL's G-4100 v2.

Note: You may need to configure any firewalls between the NSA and the TFTP clients in order to let the log files go to the NSA.

Click Applications > TFTP Server to open the following screen.

Figure 164 Applications > TFTP Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 84 Applications > TFTP Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable TFTP Server	Select this to have the NSA accept log files from TFTP clients. Clear it to stop the NSA from accepting log files from TFTP clients.
Upload / Download Directory Setting	Click View Files to browse to where you want to store the log files on the NSA.
Shares Select the share in which to store the log files.
Path Use this if you want to further specify a folder within the share This field displays the share folder's path. Type the location of the folder using forward slashes as branch separators or use Browse to find or create a folder on the NSA.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore the screen's last-saved settings.

10.14 Technical Reference

This section provides technical background information on the topics discussed in this chapter.

10.14.1 S.M.A.R.T Attributes

The following table describes some common S.M.A.R.T. attributes. If a higher or lower raw attribute value is better, it is indicated in the BETTER column. Since S.M.A.R.T. attributes and their definitions vary by manufacturer, refer to the hard drive manufacturer for details about the attributes your hard drive supports.

Table 85 S.M.A.R.T. Attributes

ID	ATTRIBUTE NAME	BETTER	DESCRIPTION
01	Read Error Rate	Low Shows the rate of hardware read errors. If this is not zero, there is a problem with the disk surface or the read/write heads.
02	Throughput Performance	High This is the hard drive's general (overall) throughput performance. A decreasing value indicates a problem.
03	Spin-Up Time Low	This is the	average number of milliseconds the hard drive took for spindle spin up (from zero RPM to fully operational).
04	Start/Stop Count		The total number of spindle start and stop cycles.
05	Reallocated Sectors Count	Low Total	number of reallocated sectors on the hard drive.When the hard drive detects a read/write/verification error, it marks the sector as “reallocated” and transfers the data to a specially reserved (spare) area. The process is also known as remapping with “reallocated” sectors known as remaps. The more sectors the hard drive has to reallocate, the slower read and write speeds become.
06	Read Channel Margin		This is the margin of a channel when it reads data.
07	Seek Error Rate	Low This	is the rate of the magnetic heads’ seek errors. A failure in the mechanical positioning system, such as servo damage or a thermal widening of the disk, results in seek errors. An increasing number of seek errors indicate the condition of the disk surface and the mechanical subsystem are worsening.
08	Seek Time Performance	High This	is an average performance indicator for the seek operations of the magnetic heads. Mechanical subsystem problems cause this value to decrease.
09	Power-On Hours (POH)	Low This	is how many hours the hard drive has been in a power-on state. The raw value lists the total number of hours (or minutes, or seconds depending on the manufacturer).
10	Spin Retry Count	Low This	is the total number of spin start retry attempts. This is the number of attempts to spin up to fully operational speed the hard drive has made when the first attempt did not succeed. An increase in this value is an indicator of hard disk mechanical subsystem problems.
11	Recalibration Retries	High This	is the number of times recalibration was requested when the first attempt did not succeed. A decrease in this value is an indicator of hard disk mechanical subsystem problems.
12	Device Power Cycle Count		This is the number of times the hard drive has gone through a full power on and power off.
13	Soft Read Error Rate	Low This	is the number of uncorrected read errors the hard drive has reported. If this is not zero, back up your data.
190	Airflow Temperature	Low This	indicates the temperature of the airflow measured by a Western Digital hard drive.
190	Temperature Difference from 100	High This	indicates the value of 100 - the temperature in degrees Celsius. Manufacturers can set a minimum threshold that corresponds to a maximum temperature.
191	G-sense error rate	Low This	is the number of mistakes caused by impact loads.
192	Power-off Retract Count	Low This	is how many times the heads are loaded off the media.
193	Load/Unload Cycle	Low This	is the number of load and unload cycles into head landing zone position.
194	Temperature Low This is	Low This is	the hard drive's internal temperature.
195	Hardware ECC Recovered	High This	is the time between ECC (Error Correction Code)-corrected errors.
196	Reallocation Event Count	Low This	is the total number of reallocation (remap) operations. The raw value is the total attempts to move data from reallocated sectors to a spare area. Successful and unsuccessful attempts are both included.
197	Current Pending Sector Count	Low This	is the number of unstable sectors awaiting reallocation. If the sector is later successfully written or read, this value decreases and reallocation is not performed. Only failed write attempts cause a reallocation, not read errors. This can be difficult to test since only direct I/O writes to the disk cause reallocations, not cached writes.
198	Uncorrectable Sector Count	Low This	is the number of errors reading or writing a sector that were not correctable. An increase in this value is an indicator of disk surface defects or mechanical subsystem problems.
199	UltraDMA CRC Error Count	Low This	is the number of data transfer errors through the interface cable according to the ICRC (Interface Cyclic Redundancy Check).
200	Write Error Rate / Multi-Zone Error Rate	Low This	is the total number of errors in writing sectors.
201	Soft Read Error Rate	Low This	is the number of read/write head off-track errors. If the value is not zero, make a backup.
202	Data Address Mark Errors	Low This	is the number of data address mark errors. This could also be a different, manufacturer-specific attribute.
203	Run Out Cancel	Low This	is the number of ECC (Error Correction Code) errors.
204	Soft ECC Correction	Low This	is the number of errors corrected by software ECC (Error Correction Code).
205	Thermal Asperity Rate (TAR)	Low This	is the number of thermal asperity errors. Thermal asperity is a read signal spike caused by sensor temperature rise due to touching the disk surface or contaminant particles.
206	Flying Height This is the height of the hard drive's read/write heads above the disk surface.
207	Spin High Current		This is the quantity of high current used to spin up the drive.
208	Spin Buzz This is the number of buzz routines to spin up the drive.When the arm holding the read/write heads is stuck, the motor driving it tries to oscillate the arm to free it. This causes an audible vibration.
209	Offline Seek Performance		This is the hard drive's seek performance during offline operations. Offline operations are tests the drive does itself as opposed to those that an external diagnostic tool has it do. Seek performance is how quickly the drive moves from track to track.
220	Disk Shift Low This is how far the disk has moved relative to the spindle (this kind of shift is usually due to shock).
221	G-Sense Error Rate	Low This is the number of errors that have resulted from external vibration and shock.
222	Loaded Hours This is how long the hard drive has operated under data load (this requires movement of the magnetic head armature).
223	Load/Unload Retry Count		This is how many time the magnetic head has changed position.
224	Load Friction Low This is resistance caused by friction in mechanical parts during operation.
225	Load/Unload Cycle Count	Low This is the total number of load cycles.
226	Load 'In'-time This is the total time that the magnetic heads actuator has had a load (not been in the parking area).
227	Torque Amplification Count	Low This is the number of attempts to compensate for variations in platter speed.
228	Power-Off Retract Cycle	Low This is how many times the magnetic armature was automatically retracted because the power was cut.
230	GMR Head Amplitude		This is the amplitude of thrashing (or the distance of repetitive forward and reverse head motion).
231	Temperature Low This is the hard drive's temperature.
240	Head Flying Hours		This is the total time that the head has been positioning.
250	Read Error Retry Rate	Low This is the number of errors in reading from the disk.

Auto Upload

11.1 Overview

This chapter discusses the features in the Auto Upload screens.

The auto upload feature uploads media files stored in the NSA to the Flickr and/or YouTube sharing websites. Besides web publishing and media server, auto upload is another convenient way to share media files with your friends and family. You can link the NSA to your Flickr and/or YouTube account and select shares for the NSA to upload. The NSA uploads the media files stored in the specified shares to your Flickr and/or YouTube account. When you add new files to the specified shares, the NSA also automatically uploads the new files to your Flickr and/or YouTube account.

11.2 What You Can Do

• Use the Flickr/ YouTube screen (Section 11.4 on page 306) to upload photos and videos to your Flickr and YouTube accounts.
• Use the FTP Uploadr screen (Section 11.5 on page 316) to upload files to FTP servers.

11.3 What You Need to Know

FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a file transfer service that operates on the Internet. A system running the FTP server accepts commands from a system running an FTP client. FTP is not a secure protocol. Your file transfers could be subject to snooping.

FTPES (File Transfer Protocol over Explicit TLS/SSL)

File Transfer Protocol over Explicit TLS/SSL (FTPES) is a file transfer service that uses TLS (Transport Layer Security) or Secure Socket Layer (SSL) for secure transfers across the Internet.

11.4 The Flickr/YouTube Screen

Use this screen to upload photos and videos to your Flickr and YouTube accounts.

Click Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/ YouTube to open the following screen.

Figure 165 Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/YouTube

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 86 Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/YouTube

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Flickr/YouTube
Disable/Enable Select a service from the list and click this to turn the service on or off.If you disable the service and add more files to the watch folder(s), the NSA will not auto upload these files. However, the NSA still uploads any files added before you turned off the service.
Pause/Resume Select a service from the list and click this to pause or resume the auto upload feature.
Config Select a service from the list and click this to manage the service's settings.
Status This field displays the service's status.The service may be Enabled, Disabled, Uploading or Paused.
Service Name This field displays the name of a sharing website to which the NSA can automatically upload files.
Account Information	This field displays the username and related information of the account to use with the auto upload feature.

11.4.1 Configuring the Flickr Settings

In the Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/ YouTube screen, select Flickr from the list and then click the Config button.

The following screen displays if you have not authorized the NSA to use a Flickr account. Click OK to continue the authorization process.

Figure 166 Linking NSA to Flickr

The web browser opens the Yahoo! Flickr login page. Enter your Yahoo account's information and click Sign In.

Figure 167 Yahoo! Flickr Login Page

The following page displays asking for your authorization. Click OK, I'LL ALLOW IT to establish a link between the NSA and your Flickr account.

Figure 168 Flickr Authorization

A confirmation page displays indicating successful authorization. Return to the NSA Web Configurator. Click Get Ready in the following screen to complete the authorization process.

Figure 169 Confirming Flickr Authorization

Once the NSA is associated with your Flickr account, you can configure auto upload settings in the following screen.

Figure 170 Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/YouTube > Config (Flickr)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 87 Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/YouTube > Config (Flickr)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Flickr Account Configuration
Username This field displays the Flickr account authorized for the auto upload feature.
Photo Space Usage	This shows how much storage space for photos (in size and percentage) you have used and how much space is still available on your Flickr account.
Video Files Usage This shows how many videos you have uploaded and how many videos you can still upload to your Flickr account.
Switch User Click this to use a different Flickr account for the auto upload feature.
Folder Selection
Folder Watch List This table displays a list of shares and folders selected for auto upload. Files stored in these locations are uploaded to your Flickr account.
Status This indicates whether the folder or share is available.represents a valid folder. The folder is available for auto upload.represents a missing folder. The share may be deleted from the NSA, or the hard disk was removed from the NSA.
Share Name This is the share selected for auto upload.
Path	This is the path of a folder selected for auto upload. The NSA only uploads files stored in the specified share or folder to your Flickr account.
Action	Use the Remove icon to remove a folder from the Folder Watch List.
Add Click this to open the following screen where you can set a folder that contains files you want the NSA to automatically upload.Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or clickBrowse to open the following screen and navigate to the folder's location.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click [IMAGE] to create it.Type - This is the type of the folder/file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don't select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in thePath field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.ClickApplyto save your settings andCancelto close the screen.
Grace Period
Grace Period N minutes	Specify how long the NSA should wait when you add a new file for auto upload. For example, if you set the grace period to 5 minutes, the NSA uploads a new file after it has been in a watched folder for 5 minutes. You can choose from a range of 1 to 10080 minutes (up to one week).
Default Privacy
Who can see your media files on Flickr?	Determine who has the right to see files uploaded to your Flickr account.SelectOnly Youif you do not want anyone else to see your files. You may also restrict the access toYour friendsand/orYour family. You can set up a friend/family list in your Flickr account.SelectAnyoneto allow everyone to see your files.
Hide from public site area	Check this option to prevent others from finding your files when they perform a search in the Flickr website.
Default Safety Level	Assign a safety level to your files.Select Safe if the contents of your files are suitable for the general public.Select Moderate if the contents of your files may be offensive to some people.Select Restricted if the contents of your files are not suitable for certain people, such as children or your colleagues.
Default Content Type	Select a content type for your files. You can choose Photo/ Video, Screenshots/ Screencasts, or Illustration/ Art/ Animation/ CGI .
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore previously saved settings.

11.4.2 Configuring the YouTube Settings

In the Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/ YouTube screen, select YouTube from the list and then click the Config button.

Note: Your YouTube account must be associated with a Google account.

Get a Google account and use it to log into YouTube. You can then merge the existing YouTube account to your Google account.

If you have not authorized a YouTube account on the NSA, the following screen displays. Enter your Google account's e-mail address and password in the fields and click OK to authorize the service.

Figure 171 YouTube Account Settings

Once the NSA is associated with your YouTube account, you can configure auto upload settings in the following screen.

Figure 172 Applications > Auto Upload > Flickr/YouTube > Config (YouTube)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 88 Applications > Auto Upload > Config (YouTube)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Youtube Account Configuration
Username This field	displays the Youtube account authorized for the auto upload feature.
Switch User Click	this to use a different YouTube account for the auto upload feature.
Folder Selection
Folder Watch List	This table displays a list of shares and folders selected for auto upload. Files stored in these locations are uploaded to your YouTube account.
Status This field indicates whether the share or folder is available.	represents a valid folder. The folder is available for auto upload.
	represents a missing folder. The share may be deleted from the NSA, or the hard disk was removed from the NSA.
Share Name This field displays the share selected for auto upload.
Path This field displays the path of a folder selected for auto upload. The NSA only uploads the files stored in the specified share or folder to your YouTube account.
Action	Use the Remove icon to delete a folder from the Folder Watch List.
Add Click this to open the following screen where you can set a folder that contains files you want the NSA to automatically upload.Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or clickBrowse to open the following screen and navigate to the folder's location.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📄 to create it.Type - This is the type of the folder/file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don't select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in thePath field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.ClickApplyto save your settings andCancelto close the screen.
Grace Period
Grace Period N minutes	Specify how long the NSA should wait when you add a new file for auto upload. For example, if you set the grace period to 5 minutes, the NSA uploads a new file after it has been in a watched folder for 5 minutes. You can choose from a range of 1 to 10080 minutes (up to one week).
Video Category Select the category that best describes the media files you want to upload.
Default Privacy
Who can see your media files on YouTube?	Determine who has the right to see files uploaded to your YouTube account.SelectOnly Youif you do not want anyone else to see your files.SelectAnyoneto allow everyone to see your files.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Reset Click this to restore your previously stored settings.

11.5 The FTP Uploadr Screen

The FTP Uploadr feature uploads files stored in the NSA to FTP servers. Besides web publishing and media server, auto upload is another convenient way to share media files with your friends and family. You can link the NSA to the FTP server or the FTP server on another NSA and select shares or folders for the NSA to upload. The NSA uploads the files stored in the specified shares to the FTP server. When you add new files to the specified shares, the NSA also automatically uploads the new files to the FTP server.

Use this screen to configure the FTP Uploadr.

Click Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr to open the screen shown next.

Figure 173 Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 89 Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable FTP Uploadr	Use the check box to enable or disable the FTP Uploadr. Click Apply to save your changes.When you disable the FTP Uploadr, a screen opens requesting confirmation. Select the check box to stop any current or queued uploads. If you do not select the check box, the FTP Uploadr will finish uploading the files that are already in the queue list. Clicking Yes will disable the FTP Uploadr.
Add Server Click this	is to add a target FTP server entry. See Section 11.5.1 on page 318 for more details.
Preferences Click this	is to manage the settings of the FTP Uploadr.
Edit Server Select a	server from the list and click this to edit the FTP server entry.
Delete Selected Server(s)	Select a server from the list and click this to remove the FTP server entry.
Server Information	Select a server from the list and click this to display the status and settings about the FTP server.
Domain Name/IP Address	This is the domain name or IP address of the FTP server.
Port Number This is	the port number used by the FTP server.
Remote Path The N	SA automatically uploads files to this location of the FTP server.
Account Name This	is the login account for the FTP server.
Description This is	the information related to the FTP server.

11.5.1 Adding or Editing an FTP Server Entry

Use this screen to add or edit an FTP server entry for auto upload.

In the FTP Uploadr screen, click the Add Server or Edit Server button to open the following screen.

Figure 174 Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr > Add or Edit a Server

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 90 Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr > Add or Edit a Server

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Domain Name/IP Address	Enter the domain name or IP address of the FTP server.
Account Name Enter	the account name used to access the FTP server.
Password Enter the	password associated with the account name.
Port Number Enter	the port number for the FTP server.
Remote Path Enter	the path of the FTP server where the NSA automatically uploads files.
Description Enter additional information about this FTP server.
Test Connection Click	this to test your settings and check whether you can use the settings to connect to the FTP server.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

11.5.2 The FTP Uploadr Preferences Screen

Use this screen to configure the general settings for the FTP Uploadr.

In the FTP Uploadr screen, click the Preferences icon to open the following screen.

Figure 175 Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr > Preferences

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 91 Applications > Auto Upload > FTP Uploadr > Preferences

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Folder Watch List
Status This field indicates whether the share or folder is available.represents a valid folder. The folder is available for auto upload.represents a missing folder. The share may be deleted from the NSA, or the hard disk was removed from the NSA.
Share Name This is the share selected for auto upload.
Path This is the path of a folder selected for auto upload. The NSA only uploads files stored in the specified share or folder to your FTP server.
Action	Use the Remove icon to delete a folder from the Folder Watch List.
Add Click this to open the following screen where you can set a folder that contains files you want the NSA to automatically upload.Share - Select the share from the list.Path - Type the folder location in the share directly or clickBrowse to open the following screen and navigate to the folder's location.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📋 to create it.Type - This is the type of the folder/file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don't select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.Click Apply to save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.
Settings
Grace Period Specify how long the NSA should wait when you add a new file for auto upload. For example, if you set the grace period to 5 minutes, the NSA uploads a new file after it has been in a watched folder for 5 minutes. You can choose from a range of 1 to 10080 minutes (up to one week).
Bandwidth Limit Enter the maximum upload rate for auto upload. You can choose from a range of 0 to 100,000 KB/s. Enter 0 if you do not want to set any limit.Use this to leave bandwidth on your network connection for other traffic, especially if your Internet connection has restricted upload speed.
Apply Click this to save your changes in this section.
Reset Click this to restore previously saved settings.
Close Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

12.1 Overview

This chapter introduces the Users screens of the NSA. Use the Users screens to create and manage administrator and user accounts.

Administrators can:

• Configure and manage the NSA.
• Create volumes, shares, and user accounts.
• Assign individual users specific access rights for specific shares.

Users are people who have access rights to the NSA and can store files there for later retrieval. A user can:

• Manage shares that he owns.
• Change his own password.
• Access the contents of other shares to which he is given access rights.

12.2 What You Can Do

• Use the main Users screen (Section 12.3 on page 322) to display a list of user accounts created on the NSA.
• Use the Add User screen (Section 12.3.2 on page 324) to create new user accounts.
• Use the Edit User screen (Section 12.3.2 on page 324) to edit the properties of an existing account.
• Use the User Info screen (Section 12.4 on page 328) to display the amount of volume space used by a selected account and the account's membership in any groups.

12.3 The Users Screen

Click Sharing > Users to display the screen shown next.

Use this screen to create and manage accounts for users who can store files on the NSA.

Figure 176 Sharing > Users

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 92 Sharing > Users

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add User Click this to open a screen where you can configure a new user account.Refer to Section 12.3.2 on page 324 to see the screen.
Search Click this to display a search field. Type in the name of an account and then click Search to look up the account you specified. Click Clear to close the search function.
Edit User Select an account and click this to open a screen where you can edit the properties of the account.Refer to Section 12.3.2 on page 324 to see the screen.
Delete Selected Users Select an account and click this to open a screen where you can delete the user account.
User Info Select an account and click this to open a screen displaying the amount of storage space used by the account. You can also check the account's membership in any groups.Refer to Section 12.4 on page 328 to see the screen.
Display Number Click the drop-down menu to set how many accounts you want to display in one screen.
Go to Page Click the drop-down menu to display and access more user accounts.
User Type This field displays whether the account is an administrator account or a user account.
Username This field displays the username of each account.

12.3.1 User Icons

The following table describes the user icons.

Table 93 User Icons

ICON DESCRIPTION
	The blue icon is for an administrator account.
	The green icon is for a user account.

12.3.2 Adding or Editing General Account Settings

Use this screen to create or edit a NSA user account with NSA access password.

Click the Add User button in the Users screen to open the following screen. Click the Edit User button in the screen shown previously to edit an existing account.

Figure 177 Sharing > Users > Add a User

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 94 Users > Add a User

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Username Type a name	from 1 to 32 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. See Section 12.3.3 on page 325 for more details on usernames.
New Password Create a	password associated with this user. You can type from one to 14 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters.
Password (Confirm) You	must type the exact same password that you just typed in the above field.
Account Type	Select Administrator to give the account full configuration and management access to the NSA.Select User to give the account basic access rights to the NSA and allow the user to manage his own shares, change his own password, and access the contents of other shares to which he is given access rights.
Apply Click this to save	your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

12.3.3 Usernames

Enter a username from one to 32 characters. The first character must be alphabetical (case insensitive, [A-Z a-z]); numeric characters are not allowed as the first character.

The username can only contain the following characters:

• Alphanumeric A-z 0-9. Unicode usernames are supported with CIFS logins, but not FTP or Web Configurator logins.
• Spaces
• [underscores]
  • . [ periods ]
• [dashes]

Other limitations on usernames are:

• All leading and trailing spaces are removed automatically.
• Multiple spaces within names are converted to a single space.
• Usernames are case insensitive. The username cannot be the same (no matter the letter case) as an existing user. For example, if a user exists with the name 'BOB', you cannot create a user named 'bob'. If you enter a user 'bob' but use 'BOB' when connecting via CIFS or FTP, it will use the account settings used for 'bob'.

- The username cannot be the same as a system username such as ANONYMOUS-FTP nor be the same as an existing user. Other reserved usernames that are not allowed are:

• bin
• daemon
• ftp
• anonymous - ftp
• anonymous
• nobody
• root
• pc - guest
• admin
• password

12.3.4 Account Quota Per Volume

Click Sharing > Users > Add User (or Edit User) > Quota (per volume) to open the following screen. Use this screen to set how much storage space the user can use in specific volumes.

Figure 178 Sharing > Users > Add User > Quota (per volume)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 95 Sharing > Users > Add User > Quota (per volume)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Volume Name This column lists the volumes configured on the NSA.
Quota (per volume) Enter how much of the volume's space (in megabytes) to allow for the user to store files.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

12.3.5 Account Group Membership

Click Sharing > Users > Add User (or Edit User) > Group Membership to open the following screen. Use this screen to set which groups the user accounts belongs.

Figure 179 Sharing > Users > Add User > Group Membership

graph TD
    A["Add User"] --> B["General Settings"]
    A --> C["Quota (per volume)"]
    A --> D["Group Membership"]
    E["Available Group(s)"] --> F["Add Selected Group(s) →"]
    G["Group Membership"] --> H["Remove Selected Group(s)"]
    I["Apply"] --> J["Cancel"]

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 96 Sharing > Users > Add User > Group Membership

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Available Group(s) This	field lists the groups created on the NSA to which the selected account does not belong.
Group Membership This	field lists the groups that the selected account belongs to.
Add Selected Group(s)	Select a group from the Available Groups list and click this to add the account to that group.
Remove Selected Group(s)	Select a group from the Group Membership list and click this to remove the account from that group.
Apply Click this to save	your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

12.4 Displaying User Info

Use this screen to display a user's information.

In the Users screen, select an account and click User Info to open the following screen.

Figure 180 Sharing > Users > User Info

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 97 Sharing > Users > User Info

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Username This field displays the selected username.
Space Usage Click	this to display the amount of volume space used by the selected account.
Group List Click this to display the selected user's group membership.
Volume Name This field displays the volume(s) created on the NSA.
Used Space This field displays how much storage space the selected account is currently using. This only applies for files that the user saved onto the NSA while logged in with that username.
Group Name	This shows when you click the Group List tab.This displays the list of groups to which the selected user belongs.
OK Click this to close the current screen.

Groups

13.1 Overview

This chapter introduces the Groups screens. Use the Groups screens to create and manage groups. You can assign users to groups and grant individual groups access rights to specific shares.

13.2 What You Can Do

• Use the main Groups screen (Section 13.3 on page 329) to display and manage a list of groups created on the NSA.
• Use the Add Group screen (Section 13.3.1 on page 331) to create new groups.
• Use the Edit Group screen (Section 13.3.1 on page 331) to edit the properties of an existing group.

13.3 The Groups Screen

Use this screen to create and manage groups.

Click Sharing > Groups to display the screen shown next.

Figure 181 Sharing > Groups

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 98 Sharing > Groups

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Group Click this to	open a screen where you can configure a new group.
Search Click this to display	ay a search field. Type the name of a group and then click Search to look up the group you specified. Click Clear to close the search function.
Edit Group Select a group	and click this to open a screen where you can edit the properties of the selected group.
Delete Selected Group(s)	Select a group and click this to open a screen where you can delete the group.
Display Number Click the	drop-down menu to set how many groups you want to display in one screen.
Go to Page Click the drop	drop-down menu to select a page number. Jump to a different page to display and access more groups.
Status This field displays the group icon.
Group Name This field displays the group names created on the NSA.

13.3.1 Adding or Editing a Group

Use this screen to create or edit a NSA group.

Click the Add Group button in the Groups screen to open the following screen. Click the Edit Group button in the screen shown previously to edit an existing group.

Figure 182 Sharing > Groups > Add or Edit a Group

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 99 Sharing > Groups > Add or Edit a Group

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Group Name Type a name from 1 to 32 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. See Section 13.3.2 on page 332 for more details on group names.
Group Membership Use this field to assign group membership to individual users.
Available User(s) This field lists the user accounts created on the NSA that are not members of the current group.
Group Membership This field lists the user accounts added to the group.
Add Selected User(s)	Select a user account from the Available Users list and click this to add the account to the group.
Remove Selected User(s)	Select a user account from the Group Membership list and click this to remove the account from the group.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

13.3.2 Group Names

Enter a group name from 1 to 32 characters. The first character must be alphabetical (case insensitive, [A-Z a-z]); numeric characters are not allowed as the first character.

The group name can only contain the following characters:

• Alphanumeric A-z 0-9. Unicode usernames are supported with CIFS logins, but not FTP or Web Configurator logins.
• Spaces
• _ [underscores]
  • . [ periods ]
• [dashes]

Other limitations on group names are:

• All leading and trailing spaces are removed automatically.
• Multiple spaces within names are converted to a single space.
• Group names are case insensitive. The group name cannot be the same (no matter the letter case) as an existing group. For example, if a group exists with the name 'FAMILY', you cannot create a group named 'family'.

• The group name cannot be the same as a system group name such as EVERYONE nor be the same as an existing group. Other reserved groups names that are not allowed are:

• nobody

• root
• everyone

Shares

14.1 Overview

A share is a set of access permissions mapped to a specific folder on a volume. It is equivalent to the Windows concept of a shared folder. You can map a share to a network drive for easy and familiar file transfer for Windows users.

14.2 What You Can Do

• Use the Shares screen (Section 14.3 on page 334) to navigate a list of shares created on the NSA.
• Use the Add Shares screen (Section 14.3.1 on page 336) to create additional shares on the NSA.
• Use the Recycle Bin screen (Section 14.4 on page 339) to configure and clean up the recycle bins.
• Use the Edit Share screen (Section 14.3.1 on page 336) to edit a share's properties.
• Use the Share Browser screen (Section 14.5 on page 340) to navigate, add and edit the contents in a share.

14.3 The Shares Screen

Click Sharing > Shares in the navigation panel to open the following screen. This screen lists all shares created on the NSA.

Figure 183 Sharing > Shares

Shares
	Add Share Recycle Bin	Edit Share Delete Share Browser
Status	Share Type	Share Name	Share Path	Share Owner	Permission Type
	Predefined	video	myNAS/video	admin	Public
	Predefined	photo	myNAS/photo	admin	Public
	Predefined	music	myNAS/music	admin	Public
	User-created	Bill	myNAS/Bill	admin	Private
	Built-in	public	myNAS/public	admin	Public
	Built-in	admin	myNAS/admin	admin	Private

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 100 Sharing > Shares

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add Share Click this to create a new share.
Recycle Bin Click this to configure recycle bins.
Edit Share Select a share and click this to edit the share.
Delete Share Select a share and click this to remove or restrict access to the share.
Disable Share "photo"I only want to disable this share so that no users are allowed access but the files continue to exist on the volume.I want to permanently delete all content associated with this share.Do you wish to proceed?
Share Browser Select a share and click this to browse the share's contents.
Status This field displays the share icons.	represents aBuilt-inshare on a volume on the internal hard drives.represents aPredefinedorUser-Createdshare on a volume on the internal hard drives.represents anAutoorUser-Createdshare on a volume on the external (USB) devices.represents a disabled share that no user can access.represents a missing share. The NSA cannot find the hard disk associated with the share (the disk may be removed from the NSA for example). You may install the disk back to the NSA to recover the share, or you may delete the share from the NSA.
Share Type	This field displaysBuilt-infor system shares. You cannot delete these shares (these are the public and admin shares).This field displaysPredefinedfor default shares. You cannot delete these shares (these are the video, music, and photo shares).This field displaysUser-createdfor shares that an administrator has created. You can delete these shares.This field displaysAutofor shares that are automatically created on an external (USB) device when a user plugs in the device.
Share Name This field displays the share's names.
Share Path This field displays the share's file path, for example, volume1/ music.
Share Owner This is the name of the user account to which this share belongs.
Permission Type This field displays the access permission of a share.	Everyone on the network can access aPublicshare.Only the share owner can access aPrivateshare.AnAdvancedshare allows you to assign specific access rights (read-only for example) to individual users/groups.

14.3.1 Adding or Editing Share

Click Add Share to create a new share. In the Shares screen, select a share and click Edit Share to open the following screen. Use this screen to create or edit a share.

Figure 184 Shares > Add Share (or Edit Share)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 101 Shares > Add Share (or Edit Share)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Share Name Type	a share name from 1 to 239 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example) ASCII characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing share. See Section 3.4.7 on page 67 for more information on share names.
Volume You should have already created volumes (a single accessible storage area with a single file system) on the NSA. Select the one that contains the folder that you want to share out.You cannot modify this when editing a share.
Make this share owned by	Select the administrator or user account that can own (manage) this share. The share owner controls access rights to the share.
Enable this share	Click this to allow access to this share.
Enable Recycle Bin	Click this to activate the recycle bin. When you delete a file from this share, a recycle folder is created to store the deleted item.
Publish this share to Media Server	This shows only when you enable the Media Server (Section 9.5 on page 202).Select this option to have the NSA share files in this folder with media clients. The media clients do not have to use a password to play the shares you publish.
Publish this share to Web	This shows only when you enable the Web Publish (Section 9.7 on page 219).Select this option to let people use a web browser to access this share's files without logging into the Home screens.
Share Access Assign access rights (full, read only or deny) to users or groups. If you publish the share to the media server or the web, all users will have at least read-only access to the share, regardless of what you configure here.Keep it private to owner means only the share owner (selected above) can access the share.Make it Public means every user (including people who do not have accounts on the NSA) can access the share.Advanced allows you to assign specific access rights (full, read only or deny) to individual users/groups.
Edit	This button is available only when you select Advanced share access. Click this to configure advanced share access rights.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

14.3.2 Configuring Advanced Share Access

In the Sharing > Shares > Add Share or Edit Share screen, select Advanced from the Share Access drop-down list. Click Edit to open the following screen. Use this screen to configure share access rights for individual users and groups.

Figure 185 Sharing > Shares > Add Share (or Edit Share) > Advanced

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 102 Sharing > Shares > Add Share (or Edit Share) > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Available Users/Groups	This field lists the users/groups to which you can assign access rights.
Authority Use this field to	to assign access rights to users/groups.Full Control gives users/groups full access (read, write and execute) to all files contained within this share.Read-Only gives users/groups read-only access (they cannot modify nor execute) to all files contained within this share.Deny blocks access (users/groups cannot read, modify, nor execute) to all files contained within this share.Among all access rights, Deny has the highest priority. For example, User A belongs to Group 1. You assign User A full access rights to the Music share but deny access rights to Group 1. Then User A cannot access the Music share.Note: If you deny access to all users, no-one can use the share, not even the administrator.
	Click an arrow button to move users/groups between the left and right fields. Use the arrow buttons to assign access rights to users/groups.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

14.3.3 Public and ANONYMOUS Share Access Rights

If you make a share public, users do not need to log in.

With ANONYMOUS FTP, you must enter either 'anonymous' or 'ftp' as the username. Any other name is considered a username, so must be valid and have a corresponding correct password.

14.4 The Recycle Bin Configuration Screen

Use this screen to periodically clean up items in all recycle bins.

14.4.1 Recycle Bins

Recycle bins in the NSA help users recover accidentally deleted files or folders in the shares. When you delete an item, a recycle folder is created within the share to hold the deleted item.

Every share can have its own recycle folder. You must enable the recycle-bin function to recycle deleted items. You can configure this setting when you add or edit a share. See Section 14.3.1 on page 336 for details on activating the recycle bin in a share.

Later if you want to retrieve a deleted item, you can locate the item in the recycle folder. You may move or copy the deleted item to another share.

14.4.2 Configuring Recycle Bins

In the Sharing > Shares screen, click Recycle Bin to open the following screen.

Figure 186 Sharing > Shares > Recycle Bin

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 103 Sharing > Shares > Recycle Bin

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Clean Recycle Bin every N days	Specify how often you want to clear the contents in all recycle bins. The specified days correspond to how long a file has been stored in a recycle bin. For example, if you set the interval to be 3 days, recycle bins will clean up items deleted or not accessed for 3 days.Note: Cleaning up recycle bins permanently removes the files from the NSA.
Clean all recycle bins now	Click this to immediately remove contents from all recycle bins.
Apply Click this to save	your changes.
Cancel Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

14.5 The Share Browser Screen

Use this screen to create folders, upload files, and edit files within the share.

Figure 187 Sharing > Shares > Share Browser

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 104 Sharing > Shares > Share Browser

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Create Folder	Type a folder name and clickApplyto make a new folder. The name can be 1 to 239 single-byte (no Chinese characters allowed for example)ASCII characters. The name cannot be the same as another existing folder in the same path. SeeSection 3.4.7 on page 67for more information on folder names.
Upload	Click this to add files to the share. UseBrowseto locate a file and clickApplyto upload the file. Note that the size of each file should be less than 2 GB.
Rename Select	a folder or file and click this to open a screen. Enter the name you want and click OK to make the changes.Note: When you change a file name, make sure you keep the file extension.
Delete Select a	file/folder from the list and click this to open a warning screen.Click Yes to delete the file/folder, or click No to close the screen.
Move Select a	file/folder from the list and click this to relocate the file/folder to another share.
Copy Select a	file/folder from the list and click this to make a duplicate of the file/folder to another share.
Current location	This is the name of the share and folder path that you are in.
Type The icon	in this column identifies the entry as a folder or a file. Click a music or video file's play icon to play the file.The folder with an arrow pointing up is for the link that takes you to the next higher layer in the share's folder tree.
Name This section lists the share's existing folders or files. Click to the right of the file/folder name to select the file/folder. You can also click the folder's name to navigate to a sub-folder within the folder.
Size This field displays size of the file.
Modified Date	This field displays a file's latest modification date.
Close Click this	to close the screen.

14.5.1 Moving or Copying Files

Use this screen to move or copy files to another share.

In the Share Browser screen, select a file or folder and click Move or Copy to open the following screen.

Figure 188 Sharing > Shares > Share Browser > Move (or Copy)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 105 Sharing > Shares > Share Browser > Move (or Copy)

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Shares Select the destination share from the drop-down list.
Path	This field displays the share folder's path. You can useBrowse to find or create a folder on the NSA or type the location of the folder using forward slashes as branch separators.
Browse Click this to open the following screen and navigate to the location of the file/folder.Current Location - This is the location of the selected folder.Folder Name - Enter a new folder name and click 📄 to create it.Type - This identifies the item as a folder or file.Name - This is the name of the folder/file.Select a folder. If you don't select a folder, a forward slash (/) displays in the Path field. All contents within the specified share are automatically selected.ClickApplyto save your settings and Cancel to close the screen.
Yes Click this to move or copy the file/folder to the designated share.
Close	Click this to return to theShare Browserscreen.

Maintenance Screens

15.1 Overview

This chapter discusses the Maintenance screens. The Maintenance screens allow you to manage system configurations.

15.2 What You Can Do

• Use the Power screen (Section 15.3 on page 344) to configure power settings for the NSA, including power saving, UPS, power on/off after power failure, and a power on/off schedule.
• Use the Log screen (Section 15.4 on page 348) to check the system's logs.
• Use the Configuration screen (Section 15.5 on page 352) to backup or restore the NSA configuration file.
• Use the SSL screen (Section 15.6 on page 353) to configure HTTPS and the NSA's SSL certificate.
• Use the Firmware Upgrade screen (Section 15.7 on page 356) to upload new firmware.
• Use the Shutdown screen (Section 15.8 on page 357) to restart or shut down your NSA.

15.3 The Power Screen

Use this screen to manage power settings for the NSA.

Click Maintenance > Power to display the following screen.

Figure 189 Maintenance > Power

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 106 Maintenance > Power

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Power Management
Turn off hard disk(s)	Enter the number of minutes the NSA will sit idle before spinning the hard disks down to sleep. The default power-off time is 15 minutes.
Minimum UPS Capacity
Minimum UPS Capacity	When you use an APC Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with a USB connection to the NSA, the NSA shuts itself down if the APC UPS's battery charge gets down to the percentage you specify in this field. This allows the NSA to shut down properly and avoid data loss caused by a power failure when the UPS stops supplying power.A setting around 50% is recommended. A setting close to 100% is not recommended since it would cause the NSA to shut down whenever the UPS is charging. A setting close to 0 is also not recommended since the UPS would not have enough power to allow the NSA to shutdown properly.
Power On After Power Failure	Select an option to set whether or not the NSA restarts when the power is restored after a power failure.
Keep Former Status	Select this option to have the NSA automatically restart only if it was operating when the power failed. The NSA remains off if it was already off when the power failed.
Always Power On	Select this option to keep the NSA operating as much of the time as possible. The NSA restarts automatically even if it was turned off when the power failed.
Always Power Off	Select this option to keep the NSA from automatically restarting when the power is restored after a power failure. This is a computer's “traditional” behavior. Select this if you have other servers such as a domain controller or DNS server that you want to start or check after a power failure before the NSA turns on.
Power On/Off Schedule
Enable Power Control Schedule	Select this option to have the NSA turn itself off and on or reboot according to the schedules you configured.Click Edit to go to the screen where you can configure the power control schedules.Refer to Section 15.3.1 on page 346 for this screen.
Apply Click this	to save your changes.
Reset Click this	to restore previously saved settings.

15.3.1 Editing the Power Control Schedule Screen

Click Maintenance > Power Management > Edit to open this screen. Use this screen to configure power control schedules to have the NSA turn on, turn off, or reboot at specified times.

Figure 190 Maintenance > Power Management > Edit

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 107 Maintenance > Power Management > Edit

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Power Control Schedule List	This table lists the power on, power off, and reboot schedules. For example, you could have one schedule to turn the NSA on every morning, at 8:00, another schedule to turn it off every evening at 18:00, and a third schedule to have it reboot every Friday at 14:00.Click a column's heading cell to sort the schedules by that column's criteria. Click the heading cell again to reverse the sort order.
Type This field displays whether the power control schedule has the NSA turn on, turn off, or reboot.
Frequency This field shows how often (monthly, weekly, or daily) the NSA is to apply this power control schedule.
Execute Time This field shows when the NSA is to use this power control schedule (when the NSA is to turn on, turn off, or reboot).
Actions	Click the Delete icon to remove a power control schedule from the list.
Add Power Control Schedule	Use this part of the screen to configure power on, power off, and reboot times.
Type Select whether this power control schedule has the NSA turn on, turn off, or reboot.
Frequency Select whether the NSA is to apply this power control schedule entry on a monthly, weekly, or daily basis.
Execute Time (hh:mm)	Enter the time, day, and/or day of the month as appropriate for this power control schedule entry. Leave more than 10 minutes between the execution times of the entries.If the NSA turns off or restarts while a user is transferring files to or from the NSA, the transfer fails. The user will need to restart the transfer.The NSA skips a scheduled restart or power off if the execution time comes while the NSA is doing any of the following:Resynchronizing a RAIDUpgrading firmwareReplacing the configuration fileIf the NSA is turned off at the time when a restart or power off is scheduled, the NSA does not perform the restart or power off.If the NSA is turned on at the time when a power on is scheduled, the NSA does not perform the power on.
Use this part of the screen to configure power on, power off, and reboot times.
Please select the day of the month	This is only available if you set the Frequency to Monthly.Choose the day of each month for the power control schedule entry.
Every how many weeks?	This is only available if you set the Frequency to Weekly.Enter the interval between weeks and choose the day of the week for the power control schedule entry.
Every how many days?	This is only available if you set the Frequency to Daily.Enter the interval between days for the power control schedule entry.
Add Click this to	add the power control schedule to the list.
Apply Click this to	save your changes.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

15.4 The Log Screen

Click Maintenance > Log to open the following screen.

Use this screen to display all NSA logs. There are at most 512 entries in the log. Older logs are removed by the system. You cannot download the log file via FTP or CIFS.

Figure 191 Maintenance > Log

Log
Refresh	Purge All Logs	Report Config
Display: View All Logs
#	Time	Class	Severity	Message
1	2009-05-18 16:03:43	user	info	User admin has logged in from Web!
2	2009-05-18 16:02:14	user	info	User admin from Web has been logged out (lease timeout)!
3	2009-05-18 15:33:07	user	info	User admin has logged in from Web!
4	2009-05-18 15:30:09	user	info	User admin from Web has been logged out (lease timeout)!
5	2009-05-18 15:14:48	user	info	User admin has logged in from Web!
6	2009-05-18 15:00:31	user	info	User admin from Web has been logged out (lease timeout)!
7	2009-05-18 14:43:01	user	notice	Add new group crushes.
8	2009-05-18 14:41:24	user	info	User admin has logged in from Web!
9	2009-05-18 14:41:04	user	info	User admin from Web has been logged out (lease timeout)!
10	2009-05-18 14:36:32	built-in-service	info	Download service download http://www.garageband.com /mp3cat/.UZCMbCSD4a2n /01_April_17_2009_Friday_Part_3.mp3 error (0x20000012)
11	2009-05-18 14:36:31	built-in-service	info	Download service start to download http://www.garageband.com/mp3cat/.UZCMbCSD4a2n /01_April_17_2009_Friday_Part_3.mp3

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 108 Maintenance > Log

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Click this to update the log display.
Purge all Logs Click this to erase all logs from the NSA.
Report Config Click this to open a screen where you can configure email alerts for logs.Refer to Section 15.4.1 on page 349 to see the screens for this.
Display The screen always shows all logs by default. Choose a specific log category to view logs for just that category.
# This is the log entry's number in the list according to the currently selected sort order.
Time This shows the date and time the log was created. Click the top of the column to sort by oldest or newest.
Class	This displays the log category; see Table 117 on page 358for details.
Severity	This displays how serious the log is rated by the NSA. See Table 118 on page 358for more information.
Message This displays a description of the log. Click the top of the column to sort by alphabetical or reverse alphabetical order.

15.4.1 Report Config Screen

In the Log screen, click Report Config to do the following:

• Use the Email Setting screen (Section 15.4.2 on page 349) to enable and configure e-mail alerts from the NSA.
• Use the Report Setting screen (Section 15.4.3 on page 350) to select the type of alerts you want to receive through e-mail and schedule when the NSA e-mails the alerts.
• Use the Syslog Server Setting screen (Section 15.4.4 on page 351) to enable the syslog server and select the categories to include in the log report.

15.4.2 Email Setting

You can enable and configure e-mail alerts from the NSA. In the Report Config screen, click the Email Setting tab to open the following screen.

Figure 192 Maintenance > Log > Report Config: Email Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 109 Maintenance > Log > Report Config: Email Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Log Email Click this to have the NSA e-mail log alerts to your e-mail account.
Email To Enter the e-mail address where you want to receive the log alerts.
Email From Enter the e-mail address the NSA uses in the From field of the e-mail header for its log alerts.
Email Server Enter the e-mail server address the NSA uses to send e-mail alerts,
Email Format Select the e-mail format you want the NSA to use in its e-mail alerts.
Use SMTP Authentication	Click this if the e-mail server you want the NSA to use for its e-mail alerts requires a username and password.
User Enter the username for the e-mail server.
Password Enter	the password for the e-mail server.
Password (Confirm)	Re-enter the password to confirm it.
After apply settings, send a test email	Click this to have the NSA send a test e-mail to the settings you have entered.
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to	return to the previous screen without saving.

15.4.3 Report Setting

You can select the type of alerts you want to receive through e-mail and schedule when the NSA e-mails the alerts. In the Report Config screen, click the Report Setting tab to open the following screen.

Figure 193 Maintenance > Log > Report Config: Report Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 110 Maintenance > Log > Report Config: Report Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Email Alert Check	the type of log alerts you want to receive in your e-mail.Select All Log to include all types of log alerts.
Email Report Check	the type of log alerts you want to receive in your e-mail.Select All Log to include all types of log alerts.
Report Time	Select how often (Weekly, Daily or Hourly), what day in the week (Monday to Sunday) and which time (hour:minutes) the NSA delivers its e-mail alerts.
Apply Click this	to save your changes.
Cancel Click this	to return to the previous screen without saving.

15.4.4 Syslog Server Setting

You can enable the syslog server and select the categories to include in the log report. In the Report Config screen, click the Syslog Server Setting tab to open the following screen.

Figure 194 Maintenance > Log > Report Config: Syslog Server Setting

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 111 Maintenance > Log > Report Config: Syslog Server Setting

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable Syslog Server	Check this to enable syslog server.
Server Address	Enter the syslog server address you want the NSA to use for its log alerts.
In the table below, check the type of log alerts you want to receive in your e-mail. Select All Log to include all types of log alerts.
Apply Click this	to save your changes.
Cancel Click this	to return to the previous screen without saving.

15.5 The Configuration Screen

Click Maintenance > Configuration to open the following screen. Use this screen to backup or restore the NSA configuration settings.

Figure 195 Maintenance > Configuration

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 112 Maintenance > Configuration

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Backup Current Configuration Settings
Backup Click this to save the current configuration of the NSA to your computer. A pop-up screen appears asking you to confirm. Click OK to continue or Cancel to quit.
Restore Configuration When you restore a file configuration, the NSA checks the volumes/share paths on the NSA and the configuration file.If the volume exists but the share path is missing in the NSA, the NSA automatically creates this share path.If the volume does not exist on the NSA, the Status of the share will show “missing share icon” in Shares screen (see Table 100 on page 334).
Browse Click this to locate a previously-saved configuration file.
Restore Click this to load the previously-saved configuration file to the NSA. This replaces your current NSA configuration settings with the settings in the previously-saved configuration file.A pop-up screen appears asking you to confirm. Click OK to continue or Cancel to quit.
Reset MySQL Database Password	This displays if you installed php-MySQL-phpMyAdmin through the Package Management screen (Section 10.4 on page 248).Click this to reset the password for your MySQL database.

15.6 SSL Certification

Click Maintenance > SSL to open this screen, where you can turn on HTTPS, create a public key certificate, or upload a public key certificate that was issued by a known certificate authority.

Figure 196 Maintenance > SSL

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 113 Maintenance > SSL

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Force HTTPS	Select theForce HTTPsoption to turn on the NSA's web browser security. Anyone who connects via HTTPS to the NSA must install the public key certificate associated with it.Note: The NSA will restart the Web Configurator after you clickApply.The NSA displays a warning screen if applying your change may disconnect some users. ClickApplyif you want to continue.
Install System Default CA	ClickDownloadbutton to save a copy of the NSA's public key certificate to your local computer. This is useful for installing the certificate without having to connect to the NSA, or for sending by email to other users for them to install prior to logging into the NSA for the first time. After saving the certificate to your computer, double-click it to install it.Note: Each web browser handles certificate installation differently. SeeAppendix D on page 463for more information.
Modify the Existing Certificate	SelectEdit a self-signed CA certificate, then follow the on-screen instructions for creating a public key certificate signed by the NSA as the local certificate authority.Note: Use certificates created and signed by the NSA if the device is not open to external access.SelectCreate a certificate authorized by other CA, then follow the on-screen instructions to install a certificate that has been authorized by a third-party certificate authority.Note: Use this method if the device is open to external access, such as allowing users to connect through the Internet using FTP over TLS or HTTPS.

15.6.1 Modifying or Creating a Certificate

When you select the Edit a self-signed CA certificate option, then click the Edit button, a screen opens to allow you to make adjustments to the NSA's public key certificate.

The screen is also the same for the Create a certificate authorized by other CA option.

Figure 197 Maintenance > SSL > Create or Edit a Certificate

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 114 Maintenance > SSL > Create or Edit a Certificate

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Common Name This name describes the certificate's origin, either in the form of an IP address or a domain name.
Host IP Address Select this option and enter the NSA's IP address if you want to use this for the common name.
Host Domain Name Select this option and enter the NSA's domain name if you want to use this for the common name
Organizational Unit (Optional)	Enter this name of the organizational unit which owns or maintains the NSA. This is an optional field.
Organization (Optional)	Enter this name of the organization or company which owns or maintains the NSA. This is an optional field.
Country (Optional) Enter this name of the country in which the NSA is located. This is an optional field.
Key Type	Select the certificate's key type, either RSA or DSA. RSA is a public-key encryption and digital signature algorithm, while DSA is only a digital signature algorithm.
Key Length Select the encryption key length. The longer the key, the better the encryption security. The only drawback to having a long key is that the file encrypted with it swells in size as well.

Table 114 Maintenance > SSL > Create or Edit a Certificate

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click this to save your changes.
Cancel Click this to discard changes and close the window.

15.7 The Firmware Upgrade Screen

Use this screen to upgrade the NSA firmware. You should first have downloaded the latest firmware files from the ZyXEL website.

Do not turn off the NSA while it is upgrading the firmware or you may render it unusable.

Click Maintenance > FW Upgrade to open the following screen.

Figure 198 Maintenance > FW Upgrade

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 115 Maintenance > FW Upgrade

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Firmware File Type the location of the firmware file you want to upload
Browse Click this to find the file on your computer
Upload Click this to upload the new firmware. The NSA automatically restarts after you upgrade. Wait until the restart completes before accessing the NSA again. If you interrupt the upgrade, then the NSA may become unusable.
Reset Click this to refresh the screen.
Periodically Check for Latest Firmware Automatically	Select this to have the NSA regularly check ZyXEL's server for updated firmware. The NSA notifies you at login if a new firmware is available.ClickApplyto save this field's setting.
Check for Latest Firmware Now	Click this to check ZyXEL's server for updated firmware.

15.8 The Shutdown Screen

Use this screen to turn off the NSA or perform a software restart. A software restart is faster than turning the NSA off and then turning it on again. Before shutting down or restarting, check the System Status > Active Sessions screen to make sure that no one is logged into the NSA or transferring files to or from the NSA.

Click Maintenance > Shutdown to open the following screen.

Figure 199 Maintenance > Shutdown

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 116 Maintenance > Shutdown

LABEL DESCRIPTION
Restart Click this to have the device perform a software restart.
Shutdown Click this to shut down the system and restart it again later.

When you click the Restart button a pop-up screen will appear asking you to confirm. Click OK to continue or Cancel to quit the restart.

Figure 200 Maintenance > Shutdown > Confirm Restart

When you click the Shutdown button a pop-up screen will appear asking you to confirm. Click OK to continue or Cancel to quit the shutdown.

Figure 201 Maintenance > Shutdown > Confirm Shutdown

15.9 Technical Reference

This section provides technical background information on the topics discussed in this chapter.

15.9.1 Log Classes

The following table shows information on log classes.

Table 117 Log Classes

LOG CATEGORY	DESCRIPTION
Users This log	class shows information on user access to the NSA.
Shares This log	log class shows information on shares being created or deleted.
Services This	log class shows information on the operation of the NSA’s built-in services.
System This log	log class shows all other system related messages.
Network This	log class shows information on network configuration, setting changes and so on.
Storage This	log class shows information on the NSA’s internal and external storage activities.
Backup This log	log class shows information on all backup-related activities.
Auto Upload	This log class shows information on automatic uploads done by the NSA.

15.9.2 Log Severity Levels

The following table shows information on log severity levels. Levels range from 0 to 6 with 0 being the most severe level log and 6 being an informational log only. Log levels are not displayed in the logs and are for your reference only.

Table 118 Log Severity Levels

LEVEL DESCRIPTION
0	E m
1	A I

e r g e n c y e r t

Table 118 Log Severity Levels (continued)

LEVEL DESCRIPTION
2	C	r	i	t	i	c	a	l
3 Error
4	W	a	r	n	i	n	g
5	N	o	t	i	c	e
6	I	n	f	o

15.9.3 Log Messages

Here are some example log messages.

Table 119 Log Messages

CLASS SEVERITYMESSAGE

Auto upload INFO %s is queued.

Auto upload INFO %s uploaded (Flickr or YouTube Upload).

Auto upload WARNING error uploading "%s" (%s): %s

Auto upload INFO %s will not be uploaded to %s for there is already a duplicate file.

Auto upload INFO Failed to upload %s to %s (FTP Upload) : %s

Auto upload INFO Successfully upload %s to %s (FTP Upload)

Copy/Sync Button ERROR [USB %s] Backup Folder Does Not Exist.

Copy/Sync Button ERROR [USB %s] Target Folder Does Not Exist.

Copy/Sync Button ERROR [USB Sync] Failed at %s: It is a Folder in Internal Volume. But It is not a Folder in USB.

Copy/Sync Button ERROR [USB Sync] Failed at %s: It is a Folder in USB. But It is not a Folder in Internal Volume.

Copy/Sync Button ERROR [USB Sync] Failed at File %s.

Copy/Sync Button ERROR [USB Sync] Sync Failed at Folder %s.

Copy/Sync Button ERROR Modify COPY/SYNC Button Configuration: %s

Copy/Sync Button ERROR Please Change Your Folder Name. Invalid Path: %s

Copy/Sync Button INFO [USB Sync] Copying %s from Internal Volume to Backup Folder.

Copy/Sync Button INFO [USB Sync] Copying %s from Internal Volume to USB.

Copy/Sync Button INFO [USB Sync] Copying %s from USB to Backup Folder.

Copy/Sync Button INFO [USB Sync] Copying %s from USB to Internal Volume.

Table 119 Log Messages (continued)

CLASS SEVERITYMESSAGE
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Deleting %s from Internal Volume.
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Deleting %s from USB.
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Deleting %s from USB Recursively.
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Finished. Elapsed Time %s Seconds.
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Moving %s from Internal Volume to Backup Folder.
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Moving %s from USB to Backup Folder
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Skip %s: File not Exist
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Skip %s: Not a Regular File.
Copy/Sync Button	INFO [USB Sync] Start Pre-Processing: Generating File Lists.
Copy/Sync Button	NOTICE [USB Sync] Start Copying Files.
Download Service	ERROR Download service cannot find a volume
Download Service	ERROR Download service failed to find ipfilter.dat
Download Service	INFO Download service add a URL download job %s
Download Service	INFO Download service delete %s by user
Download Service	INFO Download service download %s error (0x%08x)
Download Service	INFO Download service download %s finished in %s
Download Service	INFO Download service found a new torrent file %s
Download Service	INFO Download service initialized
Download Service	INFO Download service pause %s by user
Download Service	INFO Download service set %s to %s priority by user
Download Service	INFO Download service set default download location to %s
Download Service	INFO Download service set max BT download rate to %d KB/s by user
Download Service	INFO Download service set max BT upload rate to %d KB/s by user
Download Service	INFO Download service set max download slot to %d
Download Service	INFO Download service set seeding time to %d minutes
Download Service	INFO Download service set TCP port to %d and UDP port to %d
Download Service	INFO Download service set torrent monitor location to %s
Download Service	INFO Download service start to download %s
Download Service	INFO Download service stopped
Download Service	INFO Download service suspend %s because of no data income detected or to limit max download slot
Download Service	INFO Download service add comment %s to %s by user
Download Service	INFO Download service set min upload/download ratio to %d%
Download Service	INFO Download service set max seed slot to %d
Download Service	INFO Download service start loading ipfilter.dat
Download Service	INFO Download service clear all ipfilter rules
Download Service	INFO Download service blocked peer removed from peer list
Download Service	INFO Download service disconnected blocked peer
Download Service	INFO Download service incoming connection blocked by IP filter
Download Service	INFO Download service peer from tracker blocked by IP filter
Download Service	INFO Download service abort loading ipfilter.dat
Download Service	INFO Download service will update ipfilter.dat from %s after %d day(s)
Download Service	INFO Download service added %d rules from ipfilter.dat
Download Service	INFO Download service detected invalid ip range %s in ipfilter.dat
Download Service	WARNING Download service default location does not exist. Load default
Download Service	WARNING Download service default torrent location does not exist.Load default
Groups NOTICE	CE Add new group %s.
Groups NOTICE	CE Delete group %s.
Network NOTICE	CE %s is active because of changing Port Group. Enable DHCP client.
Network NOTICE	CE %s is inactive because of changing Port Group. Disable DHCP client.
Network NOTICE	CE %s MTU > (%s MTU - 8), %s may not work correctly.
Network NOTICE	CE (%s MTU - 8) < %s MTU, %s may not work correctly.
Network NOTICE	CE Add interface %s.
Network NOTICE	CE Because %s link down. Default route will not apply until %s link up.
Network NOTICE	CE Because base interface %s will be disabled. Interface %s is disabled now., base_ud_iface
Network NOTICE	CE Network Config setting is changed
Network NOTICE	CE Interface %s was disabled.
Network NOTICE	CE Interface %s was enabled.
Network NOTICE	CE Port Group on %s is changed. Renew DHCP client.
Network NOTICE	CE Account pppoe was changed
Network NOTICE	CE Add account pppoe
Network NOTICE	CE ADD interface ppp0
Network NOTICE	CE Interface ppp0 will reapply because Device-Ha become active status.
Network NOTICE	CE Interface ppp0 will reapply because Device-Ha is not running.
Network NOTICE	CE Network port is disabled
Network NOTICE	CE Network port is enabled
Services INFO	HTTP management port has changed to %s
Services INFO	Clock timezone is set to GMT%s
Services INFO	Clock timezone is set to default
Services INFO	Clock daylight saving is enabled
Services INFO	Clock daylight saving is disabled
Services INFO	Clock has disable daylight saving
Services INFO	MyClock has enable daylight saving
Services INFO	MyClock has set timezone to %s
Services INFO	MyClock has set timezone to default
Services INFO	The date and time are updated from NTP server.
Services INFO	The date and time are updated manually.
Services INFO	The time is updated manually.
Services NOTICE	CE FTP server	stops
Services NOTICE	CE FTP server	starts
Services NOTICE	CE MyClock has changed daylight saving interval
Services NOTICE	CE MyClock has disabled daylight saving interval
Services NOTICE	CE NTP server	has set to '%s'
Services NOTICE	CE NTP server	has set to null
Services NOTICE	CE The NTP service is disabled.
Services NOTICE	CE The NTP service is enabled.
Services WARNING	NING Reaching	Maximum Allowed Rules
Services WARNING	NING Rule is empty
Services WARNING	NING The Rule	Does Not Exist
Shares INFO	Expire recycle-bin finish for share %s, process time: %s seconds, remove %s file (%s bytes)
Shares NOTICE	Add new disabled share %s for unshared folder: %s in volume: %s.
Shares NOTICE	Add new share %s.
Shares NOTICE	Delete share %s.
Shares NOTICE	Purge all files in recycle-bin folder in share: %s.
Shares NOTICE	Recycle-bin disabled. Remove recycle-bin folder in share: %s.
Storage ERROR	Eject External Disk (%s): FAILED
Storage INFO	Eject External Disk (%s): SUCCESS
Storage ERROR	Relabel Raid to [%s]: FAILED
Storage ERROR	Start Repairing Degraded Raid by disk%s: FAILED
Storage INFO	Relabel Raid to [%s]: SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Start Repairing Degraded Raid by disk%s: SUCCESS
Storage NOTICE	CE Auto Repair Degraded RAID by disk%s.
Storage NOTICE	CE There is a RAID Degraded.
Storage ERROR	Cancel External Volume Scan: FAILED
Storage ERROR	Cancel Internal Volume Scan: FAILED
Storage ERROR	Cannot Unmount Volume and RAID. System Busy Using Volume and RAID: Please Reboot and Try Again
Storage ERROR	Create External Normal Volume [%s] (%s): FAILED
Storage ERROR	Create Internal Volume [%s] (%s): FAILED
Storage ERROR	Rename External Volume to [%s]: FAILED
Storage ERROR	Scan External Volume: FAILED
Storage ERROR	Scan Internal Volume (%s operation): FAILED
Storage INFO	Cancel External Volume Scan: SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Cancel Internal Volume Scan: SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Create External	Normal Volume [%s] (%s): SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Create Internal	Volume [%s] (%s): SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Rename External	Volume to [%s]: SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Scan External	Volume: SUCCESS
Storage INFO	Scan Internal	Volume (%s operation): SUCCESS
System INFO	NTP update failed
System INFO	NTP updates successfully from %s
System INFO	NTP fails to update from %s
System INFO	Device is rebooted by administrator!
System INFO	Device is shutdown by administrator!
System NOTICE DNS server	is changed.
System NOTICE Hostname is cleared.
System NOTICE Hostname is set to '%s'.
System NOTICE System description is changed.
System NOTICE System description is empty now.
System NOTICE DNS server setting is changed
System NOTICE DNS server address is changed to be given from DHCP server
System NOTICE DNS server address is changed to be assigned by user
System NOTICE Name server is changed.
USB NOTICE An external APC UPS device is plugged/unplugged.
USB NOTICE An external Mass Storage device is plugged/unplugged.
USB NOTICE An external Printer device is plugged/unplugged.
USB NOTICE An external USB hub device is plugged/unplugged.
Users ALERT Failed %s login attempt (incorrect password or inexistent username)
Users ALERT Failed %s login attempt (incorrect password or inexistent username)
Users INFO User %s has logged in from %s!
Users INFO User %s has logged out from %s!
Users INFO User %s from %s has been logged out (re-auth timeout)!
Users INFO User %s from %s has been logged out (lease timeout)!
Users NOTICE Add new user %s by %s from %s.
Users NOTICE User %s password has been changed.
Users NOTICE Delete user %s by %s from %s.
Users NOTICE The user %s from %s has attempted to change the user %s password but old password verification fail.
Users NOTICE User %s on %u.%u.%u.%u has been denied access from %s
Users NOTICE User %s password has been changed by %s from %s.
Backup/Restore	ERROR When	query remote target [%s]: %s
Backup/Restore	INFO Backup job [%s] successfully
Backup/Restore	ERROR When	backup [%s]: %s
Backup/Restore	ERROR When	backup [%s], error happens: %s
Backup/Restore	INFO Start to	restore backup job [%s].
Backup/Restore	INFO Restore	backup job [%s] successfully.
Backup/Restore	ERROR Restore	backup job [%s] failed: %s
Backup/Restore	INFO Start to	restore backup job [%s] from [%s].
Backup/Restore	INFO Restore	from [%s] successfully.
Backup/Restore	ERROR Restore	from [%s] failed: %s
Backup/Restore	ERROR When	restore [%s]: %s
Backup/Restore	ERROR When	restore job [%s], error happens: %s
Power Management	INFO Job [%s]	is triggered by schedule
Power Management	INFO Job [%s]	is triggered by user
Power Management	ERROR Job [%s]	is resulted as failed
Power Management	INFO Job [%s]	is finished successfully
Power Management	INFO Job [%s]	is pending because other job is running
Power Management	INFO Job [%s]	is canceled by user
Power Management	INFO Restore	job [%s] is triggered by user
Power Management	INFO [Power On] schedule is triggered.
Power Management	INFO [Power Off] schedule is triggered.
Power Management	INFO [Reboot] schedule is triggered.

Protecting Your Data

16.1 Overview

This chapter compares the different ways of protecting data on the NSA and explains how to use backup management software included on the CD.

16.2 Protection Methods

There are a variety of ways to protect your data on the NSA. Below is a summary table of what can be done in each situation.

Table 120 Overview of Protection Methods

SITUATION ACTION
Unexpected NSA behavior after configuration changes	Back up the NSA configuration file before you make major configuration changes.
Need to transfer data from your computer to the NSA after volume(s) have been created	Use the Memeo Autobackup program.
Data infected by virus Use anti-virus softw are on your computer to scan files before saving them onto the NSA. Although this may be slow so you may want to schedule it to occur while no one is using the NSA.Use a firewall with anti-virus capability on your network.
Hard drive malfunction. Use RAID.
NSA malfunctionNetwork downNatural disaster such as a fire or earthquake occurs where your NSA is located	Back up data to another NSA or external USB hard drive.

The following sections describe these methods in more detail. See Section 7.5.2 on page 180 for more information on RAID.

16.3 Configuration File Backup and Restoration

Use the Maintenance > Configuration menus to create a file of your NSA configurations such as passwords, shares and volumes created, network settings and so on. If you're going to do some major configuration changes, then it is advisable to create a configuration backup file. If things go wrong after you make the configuration changes, you can always go back to the previous configuration by restoring an earlier configuration file.

If you forgot the NSA password, then use the RESET button (see Section 1.4.2 on page 27) to return the NSA to the factory default configuration.

Note: Configuration File Backup and Restoration does not affect data (your files and folders), volumes on the NSA.

16.4 Memeo Autobackup

Use the Memeo Autobackup software (included on the CD) on your computer to schedule and manage backups. You can backup from your computer to the NSA. You can also backup from one NSA on your network to another. You can set the Memeo Autobackup software to automatically back up files from your computer to the NSA whenever you modify the files.

Install the included DLNA-compliant Memeo Autobackup software on your Windows XP or later computers to let them browse and play files stored on the NSA.

Note: The Memeo Autobackup program uses the same network port as the NAS Starter Utility to discover the NSA. To avoid a port conflict, do not run the Memeo Autobackup program at the same time as the NAS Starter Utility.

Use the Memeo Autobackup software included on the CD to automatically back up selected files from your computer to the NSA whenever you modify the files.

Memeo Autobackup works with Windows XP, Windows Vista, and both the 32 bit and 64 bit versions of Windows 7.

16.4.1 Memeo Autobackup Installation and Setup

Note: The Memeo Autobackup program uses the same network port as the discovery utility to discover the NSA. To avoid a port conflict, turn off the discovery utility before using Memeo Autobackup.

1 Since a computer restart is required, close your other files and programs before installing the Memeo Autobackup software.
2 Insert the included CD into your CD-ROM drive. Click the Tools icon in the screen that displays. Then click Memeo Instant Backup Software.

Note: If this screen does not display, use Windows Explorer (My Computer) to go to the CD-ROM (commonly drive D). Double-click setup.exe.

3 Follow the instructions to install the software.

Note: Memeo Autobackup requires Microsoft.NET version 2.0. The wizard installs it for you if it is not already on your computer.

4 When you see the following screen, select Network Places and click the link to select your backup folder.

Figure 202 Memeo Autobackup Configuration

5 Select the NSA's mapped drive and click OK.

Figure 203 Mapped Drive

6 In this screen, select the items that you want to back up.

Figure 204 Backup Items

7 This screen lists the items you selected for backup. Confirm your selections and click Next.

Figure 205 Confirm Backup Items

8 Specify a name for your backup plan (or just use the default). Click Next and then Done.

Figure 206 Backup Plan Name

16.4.2 Using Memeo Autobackup After the Initial Setup

After you have installed and configured Memeo Autobackup, double-click the icon in the system tray to open the program's start screen.

If the icon is not displayed, you can click Start > Programs > Memeo Autobackup > Memeo Autobackup to start it.

Figure 207 Memeo Autobackup

Using Time Machine with the NSA

17.1 Overview

Time Machine is a backup system provided by Mac OS X. It automatically backs up everything on your Mac, including pictures, music, videos, documents, applications, and settings. This chapter helps you to enable Time Machine in OS X to allow and use your NSA as a backup volume.

Follow the steps below to set up Time Machine on your Mac so your NSA can be used for backup.

1 Create an Account and a Share on the NSA
2 Set Time Machine to Support Network Volume
3 Mounting the NSA on the Mac
4 Creating a Sparse Bundle File for the NSA
5 Using Time Machine

17.2 Create an Account and a Share on the NSA

Before configuring Time Machine on your Mac, you need to create an account and a share on the NSA through Web GUI using a Web browser.

1 Login to your NSA. Click Sharing > Users to display the Users screen. Click Add User.

2 Enter user1 as the Username and 12345 as the New Password. Retype the password to confirm. Then click Apply to finish adding the new user account. User1 will be added to the list on the Users screen. (If you need more information about adding user account, please refer to Section 12.3.2 on page 324.)

3 Click Sharing > Shares to display the Shares screen. Click Add Share.

4 Enter share01 as the Share Name. In the Make this share owned by list, select user1. Then in the Share Access list, select Keep it private to owner. Click Apply to save the settings. Share01 is added to the list on the Shares screen. (If you need more information about adding share, refer to Section 14.3.1 on page 336.)

5 Now the account user1 and share share1 have been created on your NSA. You may begin with configurations on your computer.

Note: It is suggested to set a static IP address for the NSA so you do not need to update the IP each time your computer connects to the NSA. Refer to Section 8.4 on page 187 for more information on how to set your NSA to a static IP address.

17.3 Set Time Machine to Support Network Volume

Follow the steps below to set Time Machine function so it can support the network volume NSA.

1 Click Finder > Go > Utilities to open the Utilities window. Open the Terminal application.

2 Enter the following in Terminal:

defaults write com.apple.systempreferences
TMShowUnsupportedNetworkVolumes 1 

then press [Enter].

3 This allows Time Machine to support a network volume. Reboot your computer.

17.4 Mounting the NSA on the Mac

Now you need to mount share01 on the NSA to your computer. This is the place where you will backup your files.

1 Click Finder > Go > Connect to Server. The Connect to Server window opens.

2 In the Sever Address box, enter: smb://username@ip-address-of-nas/backup-folder. For this example, enter: smb://user1@172.23.26.51/share01. Then click Connect.

3 When share01 is successfully mounted to the Mac, the screen looks like this:

17.5 Creating a Sparse Bundle File for the NSA

Now you need to create a sparse bundle disk image file, which is a virtual file system image that Time Machine can backup your files. It should be created locally on the Mac and then mounted to share01 of the NSA.

17.5.1 Finding out Computer Name and MAC Address

Before creating a spare bundle, you need to know the computer name and MAC address of your computer.

1 To find out your computer name, go to the Apple menu > System Preferences > Sharing. The computer name is at the top of the screen.

2 To find out the MAC address of your computer, click Apple > About This MAC > More Info > Network > Locations. The MAC address is under Ethernet.

3 Another way to find out the MAC address is to enter the following in Terminal:

ifconfig en0 | grep ether | sed s://g | sed s/ether//

Press [Enter] to display the MAC address.

17.5.2 Creating a Sparse Bundle File

There are two ways to create a sparse bundle disk image file. You can use Disk Utility or Terminal.

17.5.2.1 Disk Utility

Click Finder > Go > Utilities. Open the Disk Utility application.

4 Click File > New > Blank Disk Image.

5 In the New Blank Image screen, do the following:

5a Enter the name of the sparse bundle in Save As. The format of the name is "ComputerName_MacAddress". Use "-" for spaces in the computer name and remove all colons in the MAC address. In this example, the sparse bundle name is Coffee-Bean_001f5bed6c7a. Then select the place that you want to save the file in Where.

5b Enter a name for the volume. Here, we use TimeMachine.

5c Setup the Volume Format, Encryption, Partitions, and Image Format as step c shows in the screen below.

5d After finishing steps a - c, setup the Volume Size of the sparse bundle. This is the virtual volume size for you to save your files. Select Custom if you want to manually enter the volume size. It is suggested to set the size larger than that of your physical hard drive so all files on your hard drive can be backed up. to Click Create to start creating the sparse bundle.

Note: Set the Volume Size after you've set Image Format to sparse bundle disk image. The size of a sparse bundle file is smaller than the full physical size because it only takes up as much actual disk space as the data contained within (without unused space). You might not be able to set the Volume Size if your image format is not correct.

17.5.2.2 Terminal

You can also create a sparse bundle file by using Terminal. Enter the following:

sudo hdiutil create -size SPECSIZE -type SPARSEBUNDLE -nospotlight -volnameVOLUMENAME -fs "Case-sensitive Journaled HFS+" -verbose ./$COMPUTERNAME_MACADDRESS 

In \SPECSIZE, enter the volume size for the sparse bundle. Here, the size is set to 200g. In \VOLUMENAME, enter the volume name TimeMachine. For

\$COMPUTERNAME_MACADDRESS, enter the computer name and MAC address: Coffee-Bean_001f5bed6c7a. Click [Enter] to start creating. The sparse bundle file will be in your Home folder.

17.5.3 Mounting the Sparse Bundle to the NSA

1 After the sparse bundle file is created on the desktop or Home folder, copy the file to share01 of the NSA.

2 Open share01 on your NSA. There should be a sparse bundle folder. This is the place where all your backup files from Time Machine will be. Remove the local sparse bundle file on your computer and the hidden file._Coffee-Bean_001f5bed6c7a.sparsebundle in share01.

17.6 Using Time Machine

Now the NSA is ready to be used as a backup volume for your computer.

1 Click Apple > System Preferences. Then go to System and select Time Machine.

2 Turn Time Machine ON. Then click Change Disk.

3 Select share01 as the backup disk. Then click Use for Backup.

4 When prompted, the username and password of share01, enter user1/12345. Then click Connect.

5 Time Machine starts backing up files to share01 after 120 seconds. If you want to backup immediately, click Time Machine icon and select Backup Now.

6 The screen shows the status of the backup once the process begins.

7 If you want to stop the backup process, click Time Machine icon and select Stop Backing Up. Then turn Time Machine OFF.

Troubleshooting

18.1 Troubleshooting Overview

This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories.

• Power, Hardware, Connections, and LEDs
• NAS Starter Utility
• NSA Login and Access
• I Cannot Access The NSA
- Users Cannot Access the NSA
- Storage Volumes
• External USB Drives
- Firmware
- File Transfer
- Networking
• Some Features' Screens Do Not Display
• Media Server Functions
- Download Service and Broadcasting Functions
- Web Publishing
- Auto Upload
• Package Management
- Backups

18.2 Power, Hardware, Connections, and LEDs

The NSA PWR LED does not turn on (no LEDs are on).

• Make sure the NSA is turned on.
• Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NSA.
• Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NSA and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
• Turn the NSA off and on.
• If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

The HDD LED is off.

The HDD LED is off when the NSA cannot detect a hard drive in the drive bay. Replace or install a hard drive. See Installing or replacing a hard drive.

The HDD LED is orange.

Orange means that the NSA detected an error on the hard drive (like a bad sector for example). The NSA automatically tries to recover a bad sector, but the LED stays orange until the NSA restarts. Even if the hard drive still functions, it is recommended that you replace it since errors are a sign that the hard drive may fail soon. See Installing or replacing a hard drive.

The HDD LED is red.

Red means the hard drive has failed and the NSA can no longer detect it. Replace the hard drive. See Installing or replacing a hard drive. If you are using a RAID I volume, you may still be able to use the volume but you should replace the faulty drive as soon as possible.

I want to install another hard disk in my NSA.

• The NSA has one internal hard disk bay. It can only support one internal hard disk.
• You can attach an external (SATA) hard disk to your NSA. Use the eSATA port in the rear panel of the device. The hard disk can be configured as an internal volume in the Storage > Volume screen. See Section 7.4 on page 173 for more details.

Installing or replacing a hard drive.

Do not remove or install the hard drive while the NSA is turned on. The NSA must be turned off before you remove or install the hard drive.

1 Turn the NSA off, remove the front panel and the drive tray and make sure:

• there is a SATA I or SATA 3.0 Gbit/s compatible hard drive installed.
• the hard drive is installed correctly in the drive tray. Push the tray back into NSA drive bay until the screw hole at the top of the drive tray is flush with the drive bay (see the NSA Quick Start Guide and Section 7.5.5 on page 182).
• the hard drive could be faulty. Try a different hard drive or test the original hard drive in a different NSA or computer.

2 If you had to replace the drive, turn on the NSA and go to the Storage screen.

I want to install my internal (SATA) hard disk and access the data inside it.

The NSA needs to install its firmware on the internal (SATA) hard disk. It formats the hard disk and creates partitions such that the firmware is installed on one partition, and data is stored on another. In the process, the NSA deletes all existing data in the hard disk.

I want to connect my external (SATA) hard disk and access the data inside it.

You need to turn the external (SATA) hard disk into a volume using the Storage > Volume screen before the NSA can use it. In the process, all existing data in the hard disk is deleted.

The LAN LED (by the LAN port) is off.

• Make sure the Ethernet cable is connected properly to the NSA and connected to another (Ethernet) device. Make sure the other device is turned on. If it's connected directly to a computer, make sure that the computer network card is working (ping 127.0.0.1 on the computer).
• Use another Ethernet cable. If you're connecting to a Gigabit Ethernet, make sure you're using an 8-wire Ethernet cable.
• If the problem continues, contact the vendor.

See Section 1.4 on page 26 for a description of NSA LEDs.

My NSA turns off or reboots by itself.

Check the Power Management screen. This is where you configure power settings for the NSA, including power saving, UPS, power on/off during power failure and power on/off schedule. The NSA may be set to turn off under certain conditions.

A power failure occurred while the NSA is downloading files.

• If power failure occurs during the active download period, the NSA will verify whether the downloaded files were damaged.
• If a file is corrupted, the NSA will download the file again.
• If the file is intact but not completely downloaded, the NSA will resume the download task after it restarts.

18.3 NAS Starter Utility

The NAS Starter Utility cannot discover my NSA.

• Close the NAS Starter Utility and reopen it.
• Check your hardware connections and make sure they are set up correctly.
• Only one instance of the NAS Starter Utility can run on your computer. Make sure you close any duplicate windows for this application.
• Wait for the SYS LED to stop blinking before clicking Discover.
• Confirm that the computer running the NAS Starter Utility has a network connection. See the section on the NSA's LAN connection for related information.
• The computer running the NAS Starter Utility can only discover NSAs in the same subnet. NSAs connected to the same switch or router as your NAS Starter Utility computer are usually in the same subnet unless the router is doing subnetting or the switch is implementing VLAN.
• The Memeo Autobackup program uses the same network port as the NAS Starter Utility to discover the NSA. To avoid a port conflict, do not run the Memeo Autobackup program at the same time as the NAS Starter Utility.

I was able to access the NSA on a previous attempt but I cannot access the NSA anymore.

If you enable jumbo frames on the NSA in a network that does not support them, you will lose access to the NSA. If this occurs, you will have to restore the factory default configuration. The reset process does NOT affect the volume settings, nor data stored on the NSA. Push the RESET button on the NSA's rear panel and release it after you hear a beep (Section 18.4.1 on page 392).

I want to initialize my internal (SATA) hard disk again.

Initializing the hard disk deletes all existing data in it! Back up your files before doing this procedure.

If you want to initialize an internal (SATA) hard disk that has been initialized by the NSA previously, you will need to reformat the hard disk using your computer. To do this:

1 Connect the hard disk to your Windows computer (follow the instructions of your hard disk manufacturer on how to do this). Go to My Computer > Manage > Disk Management. Locate the hard disk (on some systems, the hard disk shows up as the disk without a drive letter assigned to it).
2 Right-click on all partitions in the hard disk and click Format.

Make sure you select the correct hard disk. Otherwise, all data in the formatted hard disk will be gone.

I don't want to initialize my hard disk but I cannot clear the Initialize Hard Disk check box in the Firmware Path screen.

The checkbox in the Firmware Path screen can be cleared only if the hard disk format is compatible with the NSA. If the hard disk format is not compatible with the NSA, this checkbox is checked by default and cannot be modified.

I have at least two NSAs in my network, how do I identify which one I want to configure in the NAS Starter Utility screens.

If you have several NSAs connected to your computer/network, you can do the following to identify the NSA you want to configure:

1 Go to the Device List screen.
2 Hover your mouse over the host name under Host until a box pops up. This shows the details of each NSA device.
3 You can identify the device you want to configure by checking the MAC addresses of the NSAs. You can check the MAC address of your NSA by checking the attached sticker in the device housing.

18.4 NSA Login and Access

I forgot the server name of the NSA.

- The default server name is nsa210.

• Use the NAS Starter Utility to discover your NSA. If you have admin privileges, you can directly change the IP address of the NSA using the NAS Starter Utility.
• If the server name has changed and you don't have the NAS Starter Utility, see Section 18.4.1 on page 392 to use the RESET button to return the default setting.

I cannot get to the NSA login screen.

• Use the NAS Starter Utility to discover your NSA. If you have admin privileges, you can directly change the IP address of the NSA using the NAS Starter Utility.
• Make sure you have used the NAS Starter Utility to initialize your NSA. The hard disk has to have the firmware installed before the NSA can be used.
• If you used the RESET button, the NSA may have a new IP address. Close and reopen the NAS Starter Utility to discover the NSA.
• Make sure the NSA is turned on.

• If you are trying to login directly by typing the server name into your web browser's address field, make sure you are using the correct server name as the web site address.

• The default server name is nsa210, if you have changed the server name, use the new one.

• If the server name has been changed and you do not know the new server name, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the server name of the NSA.

• If it still doesn't work, try using the NAS Starter Utility.

• Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.4 on page 26.

• By default, the NSA gets an IP address automatically. The NSA assigns itself an IP address if no device assigns one. If your computer is also set to get an IP address automatically, the computer and the NSA can both assign themselves IP addresses and communicate. See Section 8.4 on page 187 if you need to configure the NSA with a static IP address.
• Make sure your computer's IP address is in the same subnet as the NSA's IP address. You can use the NAS Starter Utility to find the NSA's IP address. See Appendix A on page 415 for how to change your computer's IP address. Skip this if you know that there are routers between your computer and the NSA.
• Ping the NSA from your computer. Make sure your computer's Ethernet adapter is installed and functioning properly. In a (Windows) computer, click Start, (All) Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ping" followed by the NSA's IP address (use the NAS Starter Utility to find the NSA's IP address if you don't know it) and then press [ENTER].
• Make sure you are using Internet Explorer 6.0 (and later) or Firefox 1.07 (and later).

- Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 447. With Internet Explorer 6, you may also have to enable scripting of safe ActiveX controls. See Section 18.4.2 on page 392.

18.4.1 Reset the NSA

If you forget your password or cannot access the Web Configurator, use the RESET button at the rear of the NSA. When you use the following reset procedure, the system name and admin password are returned to the factory defaults.

You may need to close and re-open the NAS Starter Utility to discover the NSA. This is because the NSA automatically re-acquires IP address information, so its IP address may change since. If no IP address information is assigned, the NSA uses Auto-IP to assign itself an IP address and subnet mask. For example, you could connect the NSA directly to your computer. If the computer is also set to get an IP address automatically, the computer and the NSA will choose addresses for themselves and be able to communicate.

1 Press and hold the RESET button (for about two seconds) until you hear a beep, and then release it.

2 The NSA automatically restarts to complete the reset.

I forgot the password.

• The default password is 1234.
- If you have changed the password and forgotten it, you will have to reset the NSA.

18.4.2 Enabling Scripting of Safe ActiveX Controls

If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that scripting of safe ActiveX controls is enabled.

1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.

Figure 208 Internet Options: Security

2 Click the Custom Level... button.
3 Under Script ActiveX controls marked safe for scripting, make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
4 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 209 Security Settings - Script Safe ActiveX Controls

I can see the login screen, but I cannot log in to the NSA.

• Make sure you have entered the username and password correctly. The default username is admin, and the default password is 1234. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
• Turn the NSA off and on.
• If this does not work, see Section 18.4.1 on page 392 to reset the device.

I cannot see the multi-language Web Configurator screens while using Internet Explorer.

Use Section 18.4.2 on page 392 to enable the scripting of safe ActiveX controls.

The Web Configurator logs out by itself.

The Web Configurator management session automatically times out if it is left idle for 15 minutes. Simply log back into the NSA if this happens to you.

18.5 I Cannot Access The NSA

I cannot access a share.

• Check that the NSA is turned on and connected to the network. Try to ping the NSA or use the NAS Starter Utility to discover it.
• Make sure you have used the NAS Starter Utility to initialize your NSA. The hard disk has to have the firmware installed before the NSA can be used. See Chapter 2 on page 29 for more information.
• Check that you entered your login name and password correctly.
• Check that the share exists and check its access settings.
• Check if the shared folder is a subfolder of another (parent) share. Check that the parent share's access rights do not conflict with the subfolder share. It is recommended that you do not create subfolder shares.

- Check if there are any existing mapped network drives to the NSA. You may need to disconnect existing mapped network drives as a new mapped network drive connection may use (different) previously-saved login information. To do this, open Windows Explorer and click Tools > Disconnect Mapped Network Drives.

- Check that the volume in which the share resides, exists and is not down or degraded. If it is down or degraded, see Section 18.2 on page 386.

- Make sure you have the client for Microsoft networks installed and enabled in your network connection's properties.

• In Windows XP, click Start > Settings > Control Panel > Network Connections > Local Area Connection > Properties.
• Check that Client for Microsoft Networks is in the list of components and has its check box selected.

18.6 Users Cannot Access the NSA

A local user cannot access a share

• Check that the NSA is turned on and connected to the network. The local user should try to ping the NSA or use the NAS Starter Utility to discover it.
• The local user should check that he entered his login name and password correctly.
• Check if the share exists and has the correct access settings for this user.
• Check the Access Control List (ACL) of read/write permissions associated with specific files and/or folders. Account names added to the list are linked to the files and folders that they are allowed to access, along with what kinds of actions they are allowed to perform with those files and folders (delete, move, rename, and so on).
• The user's computer may already be connected to another of the NSA's shares using a different user name and/or password. This can happen without the user realizing it if the user's computer automatically connects to a share at logon. Right-click any other connected shares and click Disconnect. Then re-attempt to connect to the desired share.
• Check if the share has an ANONYMOUS or EVERYONE access right. If the user is already logged into a share using her username and password, she will NOT be able to access a share that has ANONYMOUS FTP only access rights (as these require 'no login'). In this case she should log out and try to access the share again without logging in. See Section 14.3.3 on page 338 for more details.

• Check if the shared folder is a subfolder of another (parent) share. Check that the parent share's access rights do not conflict with the subfolder share. It is recommended that you do not create subfolder shares.

• Check if the user belongs to a group with conflicting access rights. DENY always takes precedence. If you allow a user FULL access to a share but set his group to DENY, then he will NOT be able to access the share.

• The local user should check if there are any existing mapped network drives to the NSA. He may need to disconnect existing CIFS connections as new CIFS connection may use previously-saved login information that may be different to NSA login.
• Check that the array in which the share resides, exists and is not down or degraded. If the array is down or degraded, see Section 18.2 on page 386.
• If the user is using DFS links, then he can only access the NSA using CIFS and not FTP.
• Check that the share has not been disabled.

I cannot import domain user or user group information even though testing of the connection to the domain controller is OK.

• Check the NSA's DNS setting. The DNS server the NSA is using must be able to resolve the domain controller's address. If the domain controller uses a private IP address, the NSA needs to use a private DNS server. If the domain controller uses a public IP address, the NSA needs to use a public DNS server.
• Leave the domain and re-join it.

A domain user can't access a share.

In addition to the checks listed previously for local users, check that the domain controller is turned on and connected to the network.

A user can access a share but cannot access individual folders or files within the share.

- Check the Access Control List (ACL) of read/write permissions associated with the share's specific files and/or folders. Account names added to the list are linked to the files and folders that they are allowed to access, along with what kinds of actions they are allowed to perform with those files and folders (delete, move, rename, and so on).

18.7 Storage Volumes

I want to use my external (SATA) hard disk to create a RAID 1 volume but I cannot see RAID 1 in the list when I click Create a SATA volume.

• Refer to Section 4.6.1 on page 86 for a tutorial on how to create a RAID 1 volume.
• Make sure that the eSATA hard disk is connected to the NSA's eSATA port located in the device's rear panel. The eSATA LED's light should be on.
• The capacity of your eSATA hard disk must be equal to or greater than the internal (SATA) hard disk capacity.
• If the eSATA hard disk is detected by the NSA but you still do not see RAID 1 in the list, check if the internal hard disk is already configured as a JBOD volume. Note that after installing the firmware on the internal hard disk, the internal hard disk is configured as a JBOD volume by default. If this is the case, create a RAID 1 volume by clicking the Migrate button (Section 4.6.2 on page 87) in the Storage > Volume screen.
• The RAID 1 option when you click the Create a SATA volume button is only visible when there are no existing volumes in your NSA.

I want to choose another storage method for my internal (SATA) hard disk/external (SATA) hard disk.

• If you are not using an eSATA hard disk, JBOD is the only storage method you can use for your internal hard disk.
• If you are using an eSATA hard disk, you can configure the internal hard disk and the external hard disk as a RAID 1 volume.
• For the eSATA hard disk alone, you can configure it as a JBOD or PC Compatible Volume.
• If you want to change an existing storage method for your hard disk, go to the Storage > Volume screen. Delete the volume you want to configure again.

Deleting an existing volume in the NSA deletes all data in that volume.

One of the hard disks (in a RAID 1 volume) failed.

• If you are using RAID 1 and the hard disk inside the NSA fails but the eSATA hard disk is still working, you can remove the hard disk inside the NSA and install the eSATA hard disk inside the NSA. Your NSA runs normally again, but you will need to have another eSATA hard disk attached to the NSA in order to employ RAID 1.
• If the eSATA hard disk in the RAID 1 volume fails, the NSA automatically repairs a degraded RAID if you connect an empty eSATA hard disk without an existing file system. If you connect an eSATA hard disk that is already formatted, you must manually to turn it into a volume in the Storage > Volume screen. All data in the hard disk is deleted.

18.8 External USB Drives

The COPY LED is red.

Copying files from a USB device failed. The USB device may not be compatible with the NSA. Try save the files onto a computer and then from the computer to the NSA (through the network connection).

18.9 Firmware

I want to know the firmware version of my NSA.

Go to the Status screen. The Firmware field shows you the current firmware version running.

18.10 File Transfer

I want to transfer my file(s) from my local computer or storage device to the NSA.

• After you initialize your hard disk, you can directly access the folders in your NSA and transfer files in the same way you transfer files in your local computer:

1 On your Windows computer, click Start > Run or open a web browser.
2 Enter \ nsa210 (default) or the Server Name you assigned the NSA. This shows you the folders in the NSA.
3 Use drag-and-drop or copy-and-paste to transfer files over to your NSA.

- Use the COPY/ SYNC button to transfer files from an external (USB) storage device to the NSA.

- If the file you want to transfer is less than or equal to 2GB, you can use the My NSA screen (see Section 3.4.6 on page 63).

I want to transfer my file(s) from the NSA to my local computer or storage device.

- After you initialize your hard disk, you can directly access the folders in your NSA and transfer files in the same way you transfer files in your local computer:

1 On your Windows computer, click Start > Run or open a web browser.

2 Enter \ nsa210 (default) or the Server Name you assigned the NSA. This shows you the folders in the NSA.

3 Use drag-and-drop or copy-and-paste to transfer files from your NSA to your local computer's folder or your storage device.

- You can download the files from your NSA. Just click on the file(s) in the Share Browsing screen (Section 3.4.6 on page 63). Your computer will prompt you for the location where you want to save the file.

18.11 Networking

I want to control who can access my folder(s)/file(s).

• If you are an administrator, you can configure a user's access rights. Use the Shares screen (Section 14.3 on page 334) to do this.
• If you enabled Web Publishing for a folder, anyone on your network can play the media files in the published shares. No user name and password or other form of security is used. The media server is enabled by default with the video, photo, and music shares published.

One of the computers in my network cannot use the printer I connected to the NSA.

• You must install the printer driver on each computer that will use the printer.
• Check Section 18.4 on page 390 and check for related connectivity issues.

18.12 Some Features' Screens Do Not Display

Many NSA features require a valid internal volume.

Features like the print server, download service, broadcatching, FTP and Windows/CIFS access will not work without a valid internal volume. Make sure you have a volume on an internal disk and that the volume is in the healthy state.

• Install an internal disk if one is not installed yet or has failed. See the Quick Start Guide for how to install an internal disk.
• Create a new volume if you do not have one on the internal disk yet.
• Make sure the volume on the installed internal disk is in a healthy state.

I cannot use some applications in the Web Configurator.

• The firmware installed in your NSA includes the features mentioned in Section 3.5.2 on page 72. This does not include the applications you can install using the Package Management screen.
• You can use the Package Management screen (Chapter 10 on page 247) to install more applications from a web location (specified in the firmware) to your NSA.
• If you have installed the application and can see the application's configuration screen but still cannot use it, check that you have Enabled the application.

18.13 Media Server Functions

I set the media server function to publish a folder, but some of the files in the folder do not display in the list on the media client.

Files with formats that are not supported on the media server may not display in the list. See Section 19.4 on page 416 for the file formats that the media server supports.

The names of videos listed in the video screens do not match their file names.

The NSA's media server function lists files by their embedded titles if they are available. You can use the File Browser screens if you need to view file names or search by file names.

Title, artist, album, and genre information for some media files does not display properly.

The NSA may be using the wrong character set to display the information. See Section 9.5.2 on page 203 for how to set which character sets the NSA attempts to use and the order the NSA tries them in.

A video file does not play properly through my Windows computer's browser.

Some files play better in VLC player while others work better in Windows Media Player (WMP). Use the button circled below to switch to the other media player.

Figure 210 Video Playback Switch Media Player Button

I published a folder with the media server function, but the media client does not play some of the files (or does not play them properly).

1 Files with formats that are not supported on the media server may not display in the list. See Section 19.4 on page 416 for the file formats that the media server supports.
2 If you are using media client software, you may need to install codecs on your computer. Since the media client software uses your computer's installed codecs, files do not play if the required codec is not installed on your computer.
3 The media client may not support the file's format.

iTunes does not display the names of all the music or video files I just put on the NSA.

1 Make sure the files are a format supported by iTunes. See Section 19.5 on page 417.
2 Go to Applications > Media Server. Make sure the share containing the music and video files is published and the iTunes server option is enabled.
3 If an iTunes client is connected, the NSA's iTunes server function scans the published media server folders for files every three minutes. Leave iTunes connected to the NSA for three minutes. Then use the NSA's eject button (as shown next) to disconnect.

Figure 211 iTunes Eject Button

4 Then click the NSA's link to reconnect.

Figure 212 iTunes Reconnected

5 Another way to get the NSA's iTunes server function to scan the published media server folders for files is to go to Applications > Media Server and disable and re-enable the iTunes server option. If you uploaded many files, it may take awhile for the NSA to find and list all of them. Then try reconnecting your iTunes client.

I cannot use iTunes to play files located on my NSA.

1 Make sure the files are a format supported by iTunes. See Section 19.5 on page 417.

2 If you have files from the iTunes Store that use DRM, you need to use your Apple account ID and password to authorize other computers to play the files. Apple permits you to authorize up to five computers at a time. To authorize a computer, open iTunes and click Store > Authorize Computer.

3 If you are connecting through a NAT router, make sure that TCP port 3689 and UDP port 5353 are open for traffic on both the server and the client and all points in between (especially the NAT router). If your router includes a firewall, make sure it also allows TCP port 3689 and UDP port 5353 traffic.

18.14 Download Service and Broadcatching Functions

The download list or broadcatching items are missing after I removed a hard drive.

The NSA's download and broadcasting lists are stored on the system volume. If you have two JBOD volumes, it is possible to remove one and still use the other. However if you remove the system volume, you may lose the download and broadcasting lists. With two JBOD volumes, the hard disk that was installed first is usually the system volume.

The channel I added in the Broadcasting screen is active but no files are downloaded to the NSA.

Check the Download Policy for that channel (see Section 9.8.1 on page 223). It may be set to manual download. You can configure your NSA to download all items or only new items automatically once the channel is updated.

I cannot find the download files.

By default, the Download Service and Broadcatching features store downloaded files as follows:

• BitTorrent jobs are stored in /*/incoming (where ‘*’ is a folder that you have set.)
• HTTP/FTP jobs are stored in /* (where '*' is a folder that you have set.)
• All jobs triggered by RSS channels create the subfolder in /* using the channel name where it store all files downloaded from that channel (where '*' is a folder that you have set.)

Check your Preferences in the Download Service (Section 9.6 on page 206) and Broadcatching (Section 9.8 on page 221) screens to know or configure where downloaded files are stored.

18.15 Web Publishing

A web-published share cannot be accessed by web browser from the Internet.

• Make sure the person trying to access the share is using the correct web address (and port number if the NSA's web publishing feature is not using port 80). See page 240 for details.
• Make sure the publishing feature is turned on and the share is in the list of published shares.
• Make sure the person trying to access the share is using Internet Explorer 6.0 (and later) or Firefox 1.07 (and later).
• You need to use a public address to access the NSA's web-published shares from the Internet. If your NSA uses a private IP address, use the public IP address of your Internet gateway (firewall) and configure NAT or port forwarding on your Internet gateway and possibly firewall rules in order to let people access the NSA's web-published shares from the Internet.
• Make sure the firewall's public IP address is static or that the firewall uses a Dynamic Domain Name (DDNS).
• Web publishing uses TCP protocol and the port number you specify. Make sure there is not another service using TCP protocol with the same port number. See Appendix C on page 459 for a list of common services and their associated protocols and port numbers.
• If Firefox access to the share does not work, check that you did not set the Web publishing feature to use one of the following ports. (Firefox blocks these ports by default.)

Table 121 Ports Blocked By Default in Firefox

PORT	SERVICE	513 login	PORT	SERVICE	514 shell	PORT	SERVICE
1 tcpm	ux 95 supdup
7 echo		101	hostr	ame
9 discard		102	iso-ts	ap		515 printer
11	systat		103	gppitnp		526	tempo
13	daytime		104	acr-nema		530	courier
15	netstat		109	POP2		531	chat
17	qotd		110	POP3		532	netnews
19	chargen		111	sunrpc		540	uucp
20	ftp data		113	auth		556	remotefs
21	ftp control		115	sftp		563	NNTP+ SSL
22	ssh		117	uucp-path		587	submission
23	telnet		119	NNTP		601	syslog
25	smtp		123	NTP		636	LDAP+ SSL

PORT	SERVICE
hostri	ame
iso-ts	ap
103	gppitnp
104	acr-nema
109	POP2
110	POP3
111	sunrpc
113	auth
115	sftp
117	uucp-path
119	NNTP
123	NTP

PORT	SERVICE
shell
printer
526	tempo
530	courier
531	chat
532	netnews
540	uucp
556	remotefs
563	NNTP+ SSL
587	submission
601	syslog
636	LDAP+ SSL

Table 121 Ports Blocked By Default in Firefox

PORT	SERVICE		PORT	SERVICE
37 time	135 loc-srv			epmap
42 name	139 netbios	$ 995 POP3+	SSL
43 nicname	143 IMAP2			2049 nfs
53 domain		179	BGP
77 priv-rjs		389	LDAP
79 finger		465	SMTP+ SSL
87 ttylink		512	print exec

PORT	SERVICE
993 IM	AP+ SSL
lockd
X11

• Make sure your ISP allows you to run a server and is not blocking the port number of the NSA's web publishing feature.

18.16 Auto Upload

The NSA does not automatically upload files to Flickr or YouTube.

1 Make sure the NSA is connected to the Internet. See Section 8.4 on page 187 for details about testing network connections.
2 Click Maintenance > Log to check the NSA's log for a message about the file.

2a If the log message displays "no such file or directory", the file may have been removed from the NSA. Make sure the file still exists in the watch folder.

2b If the log message displays "filename is queued", the file may still be waiting for auto upload. Check the grace period setting in the service's Configuration screen. You can set a smaller grace period to shorten the queue time.

2c If you cannot find any log messages about the file:

• Make sure the Folder Watch List includes the folder containing the file. You can upload the file to the watch folder again.
• Make sure the file's format is supported by Flickr or YouTube. You can find the supported file extensions in the Folder Watch List.

2d If the log message displays "not authorized yet", check if you can enter the NSA's Configuration screen for the service. If you changed the password of your Flickr or YouTube account, you cannot access the service's Configuration screen, and the NSA cannot auto upload files. Make sure you also update the account information in the NSA.

3 Make sure the file size does not exceed the limit imposed by the service. At the time of writing, Flickr restricts the file size to 10 MB, and YouTube restricts the file size to 100 MB.
4 Make sure you did not exceed the service's upload quota. Flickr and YouTube have different policies about how much you can upload within a certain period, for example, 100 MB/week.
5 The NSA may have temporarily failed to connect to the service. You can upload the file to the watch folder again.

18.17 Package Management

The NSA won't install the package(s) I selected in the Package Management screen.

• The web location of the package may be undergoing maintenance. Try again at a later time. Upgrade the firmware of the NSA.
• If a new firmware is available, do an upgrade and try installing the package(s) again.

The eMule Search screen does not work.

You need to be connected to an eMule server before you can use the Search screen. Wait for the NSA to connect to a server before configuring the Search screen.

I want to know how my hard disk is performing.

Use S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) to monitor hard disks. It detects and reports the reliability of hard disks using standard indicators, enabling administrators to anticipate possible disk failures. Go to the Package Management screen to install the S.M.A.R.T. application.

18.18 Backups

I cannot make a backup.

• Check that enough space is available on the external disk. If there isn't you may need to purge older backups or delete other files on the backup USB disk or NSA (see Section 10.9 on page 277).
• If you are using BackupPlanner (Section 10.10 on page 277):
• You can look at the Backup screen's Last Run Result display.
• If you're backing up to another NSA, another NSA, or a computer, check that it allows the NSA to write files to it. For a synchronization backup, the target must be another NSA or another compatible model.
• Check that the NSA is not performing another backup job. Scheduler queues backups when a different backup is already going on at the time a backup is scheduled.

The backup does not run at the time configured.

• Check that the correct time is configured on the NSA.
• Check that the NSA is able to access the time server from which it gets the time; see Section 6.5 on page 167.

Product Specifications

See also Chapter 1 on page 23 for a general overview of the key features.

19.1 Physical Features

These are the main external physical features.

Table 122 Physical Features

USB Ports 2 USB (version 2)	ports.Copy or sync files directly from the NSA to compatible USB devices like card readers, MP3 players, mass storage devices, and digital cameras without using a computer. Copy or sync files directly from a USB device to the NSA.Expand the NSA's storage capacity with compatible USB devices (like hard drives).
Gigabit Ethernet Port The 1	10/100/1000 Mbps auto-negotiating Ethernet port allows the NSA to detect the speed of incoming transmissions and adjust appropriately without manual intervention. It allows data transfer of either 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode depending on your Ethernet network. Use an 8-wire Ethernet cable for Gigabit connections. The port is also autocrossover (MDI/MDI-X) meaning it automatically adjusts to either a crossover or straight-through Ethernet cable.Actual data throughput varies depending on the network conditions and environmental factors, including volume of network traffic, network overhead and building materials.
SATA Interface Serial ATA is	a low cost interface technology that allows high speed data transfer. Serial ATA also allows more efficient internal airflow and also smaller chassis design.
eSATA Interface eSATA is	the “external” counterpart of the SATA interface. It has all of SATA's features but with the added advantage of being mobile.

Table 122 Physical Features

Power Button	Press the Power button for one second to turn it on.Turn off the NSA before unplugging the device.Press the Power button for 3 seconds until you hear one beep, then release it. The NSA goes starts to shutdown its software and turns off.Press the Power button for 5 seconds until you hear two beeps, then release it. This NSA turns off immediately.
COPY/SYNC Button	The COPY/ SYNC button is used to copy or sync data from the NSA to a compatible external (USB) storage device or from the external (USB) storage device to the NSA.Press the COPY/ SYNC button to copy data from Public folder (default) of the NSA. Use the Web Configurator to configure the folder locations for the COPY/ SYNC function. During the data transfer, the COPY LED blinks and stops when the transfer is complete.If you want to sync the data in the NSA with the external (USB) storage device, press the COPY/ SYNC button until you hear one beep.If the COPY LED turns red, an error has occurred and the transfer is stopped. Press the COPY/ SYNC button once and the COPY LED turns green.
RESET Button	Press the RESET button for 2 seconds to restart the NSA.If you forget your (admin) password, press the RESET button for 10 seconds to restore the factory default password to “1234” (with username “admin”), and auto-IP address (DHCP client).

19.2 Firmware Features

These are some of the main firmware features of the NSA.

Table 123 Firmware Features

DLNA Server The NSA is a	DLNA-compliant media server that lets DLNA-compliant media clients play video, audio, and photo content files stored on the NSA.
RAID File Storage Use RA	D 1 if you have two drives and want to mirror primary data to the second drive. If one drive fails, replace it and then re-synchronize to recover all data.
User Passwords	Configure a password for an individual User to restrict access to the NSA.

Table 123 Firmware Features

Client Support Data can be	shared among all Windows, Mac, Linux, and UNIX users that have FTP client software or CIFS file sharing support (such as Samba for Linux and UNIX users).The NSA is also a DLNA-certified media server that lets DLNA-compliant media clients play video, audio, and photo content files stored on the NSA.
HTTP Access the NSA using	a regular web connection (HTTP).
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)	DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows the NSA to obtain an IP address and subnet mask at start-up from a centralized DHCP server. Alternatively, you can give the NSA a static IP address and subnet mask.
Full Network Management	The embedded Web Configurator is an platform-independent web-based utility that allows you to easily access the NSA's management settings.
Hard Disk Drive Power Saving	If a hard disk inside the NSA is idle for six minutes, the NSA puts it to sleep until you use it again.
Firmware Upload and Configuration File Management	Upload new firmware to the NSA using the Web Configurator. You can also back up and restore the NSA configuration file containing all its settings to/from your computer.
NAS Starter Utility Use the	NAS Starter Utility from a Windows computer to find NSA(s) in your network, access the NSA login page, change its IP address configuration or map to a Windows network drive.
Memeo Autobackup Memeo	Autobackup is a tool for Windows users to create backups of data stored on their Windows computers to an NSA. This software is included on the CD.
Time and Date Configure a	time server and set a time zone for your NSA to show the correct times in logs.
Auto Upload	The auto upload feature uploads media files stored in the NSA to the Flickr and/or YouTube sharing websites. It is a convenient way to share media files with your friends and family. You can link the NSA to your Flickr and/or YouTube account and select shares for the NSA to upload. The NSA uploads the media files stored in the specified shares to your Flickr and/or YouTube account. When you add new files to the specified shares, the NSA also automatically uploads the new files to your Flickr and/or YouTube account.
iTunes Server The NSA can	mimic the iTunes application and download content from the iTunes server.
Package Management Package	Management can be used to set up more useful applications in your NSA, including eMule, DyDNS, NFS, SMART, BackupPlanner, Gallery, PHP-MySQL-phpMyAdmin, SqueezeCenter, WordPress, Syslog Server, and TFTP Server. The NSA can download multiple packages/files at once and automatically goes through all the installation steps.

Table 123 Firmware Features

DyDNS Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with a dynamic DNS service so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CUSeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.

Download Service The NSA's download service downloads files from the Internet directly to the NSA. You do not have to download to your computer and then copy to the NSA. This can free up your computer's system resources. The download service also handles your broadcatching downloads.

Power Schedule Use this screen to manage power settings for the NSA, including power saving, UPS, power on/off during power failure and power on/off schedule.

19.3 Specification Tables

The NSA hardware specifications are shown in the following table.

Table 124 NSA Hardware Specifications

Default IP Address	DHCP client. If no DHCP server is found, the NSA uses Auto-IP to choose an IP address in the 169.254.X.X subnet (where X is a number from 1 to 254).
Default Subnet Mask	DHCP client by default. If no DHCP server is found, the subnet mask defaults to 255.255.255.0 (24 bits).
Default Username admin
Default Password 1234
Dimensions 195.5 (D)*	58 (W)* 130 (H) mm
Weight 0.66 kg (without hard drives)
Drive Trays One
Compatible Hard Disks	SATA I and SATA II 3.0 Gbit/s (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) compatible hard drives.
Maximum Number of Folders Per Share	The NSA's media server function can detect up to 8,000 folders within a single published share.After 8,000 folders have been created, new folder contents will not be added to the media server's list. However you can still access the folders using Samba.
Ports
Ethernet	One auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100/1000AMbps RJ-45 Ethernet port (1000BASE-T)
USB v2.0 Storage One port in the back panel and one port in the front panel.Windows: NTFS, FAT32 and FAT16Linux: ReiserFS, XFS, EXT2, and EXT3.
eSATA port One port in the back panel.
LEDs PWR, SYSTEM, HDD, eSATA, USB and COPY.
Operating Temperature	0^ C ~ 40^ C
Power Supply Input: 10	0 - 240 V AC, 0.9 A, 50-60 HzOutput: 12 V DC, 2.5 A
Storage Temperature	30^ C ~ 70^ C
Operating Humidity 0%	~ 95% RH (non-condensing)
Storage Humidity 0%	~ 95% RH (non-condensing)
Certifications Device: CE, FCC Part 15B, C-Tick, BSMIPower Adapter: CE, FCC, CUL, TUV/GS, RCM, BSMI, Efficiency Level V (CEC regulation)

A. Use an 8-wire Ethernet cable for Gigabit connections.

The NSA firmware specifications are shown in the following table

Table 125 NSA Firmware Specifications

File Storage System	JBOD, RAID 1
Network Protocols	TCP/IP, UDP/IPDHCP ClientFTPHTTP
File Management	Create/Delete System Volume
Network File Sharing Protocol	CIFS/SMB for Windows and Mac OSXHTTP for web browserFTP
Network Security	AuthenticationShare level
Supported Clients	Windows XP (SP2)Windows Vista (32 bit)Windows 7 (32 and 64 bit)Windows Server 2003Mac OS X 10.4 and later versions
Maximum Number of Users Allowed	64^A
Maximum Number of Concurrent FTP Sessions	32^A
Maximum Number of Concurrent CIFS Sessions	32^A
System Management Remote	Management via Web Configurator (HTTP)NAS Starter Utility
Logging/Monitoring Centralized Logs
Firmware Upgrade Web Configurator
Web Browsers Supported Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versionsFirefox 2.00 and later versionsSafari 4.04 and later versions

A. Limits may vary depending on user-share resource usage.

The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards and recommendations supported in the NSA.

Table 126 Supported Standards and Recommendations

CSS level 1 Cascading	Style Sheets.
CSS level 2 revision 1 ("CSS 2.1")	Cascading Style Sheets.
DATETIME "Date and Time Formats", W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)Note, M. Wolf and C. Wicksteed, 15 September 1997. Revised 27 August 1998. See http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/NOTE-datetime-19980827
DLNA v1.5 Server The DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) group of companies works to make products compatible and able to work in a home network in order to make digital living easy and seamless. DLNA clients play files stored on DLNA servers.
ECMA-262 The original	ECMAScript standard, also known as JavaScript.
ECMA-262 Edition 2 The ECMAScript standard's second revision; also ISO standard 16262.
ECMA-262 Edition 3 The ECMAScript standard's third revision; corresponds to JavaScript 1.5.
ECMA-357 ECMAScript for XML (E4X). See also the E4X errata.
HTML 3.2 Reference Specification	The HyperText Markup Language (HTML).
HTML 4.01 Specification	Defines the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the publishing language of the World Wide Web.
ISO 3166-1 Country names (official short names in English) in alphabetical order as given in ISO 3166-1 and the corresponding ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 code elements.
ISO 639-2	Two-letter and three-letter language code sets.
MIMETYPES IANA registered content types (MIME types). See the IANA web site (ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/).

Table 126 Supported Standards and Recommendations

ISO 15740 Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP) from the International imaging Industry Association allows you to transfer pictures from digital cameras or other devices without needing additional device drivers.
RFC 1001 (STD-19) -	Protocol standard for NetBIOS service on a TCP/UDP transport: Concepts and methods
RFC 1002 (STD-19) -	Protocol standard for NetBIOS service on a TCP/UDP transport: Detailed specifications
RFC 1034 (STD-13) -	Domain names - concepts and facilities
RFC 1035 (STD-13) -	Domain names - implementation and specification
RFC 1305 Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3)
RFC 1415 FTP-FTAM Gateway Specification
RFC 1510 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)
RFC 1738 Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
RFC 1808 Relative Uniform Resource Locators
RFC 1945 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 1.0.
RFC 2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax
RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 1.1.
RFC 2854 History of HTML development, and lists the relevant W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) recommendations for the "text/html" MIME type.
RFC 3066, BCP 47 (Best Current Practice)	Language tags
RFC 3282 "Content-language:" headers.
RFC 3986 (STD-66) -	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax
RFC 4120 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)
RFC 4248 The telnet URI Scheme
RFC 793 (STD-7) - Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 959 (STD-9) - File Transfer Protocol
SATA SATA I and SATA II 3.0 Gbit/s (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) compatible hard drives.
UPnP Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices.
USB 2.0 USB (Universal Serial Bus) version 2.0 allows for interfacing devices with data transfers rates of up to 480 Mbps.
XHTML 1.0 Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)
XHTML 1.1 Module-based XHTML

19.4 Supported Media Server Content Formats

The following describes the details about the files that the NSA media server can publish.

Table 127 Supported Media Server Content Formats

CATEGORY	FILE TYPE EXTENSION
Video MPEG-1	/MPEG-2 dat, dvr-ms, iso	m1v, m2p, m2t, m2v, mp2, mpe,mpeg, mpeg2, mpg, mpg2, ts, vob, m2ts, tts
	MPEG-4 m4v, mp4
	AVI avi
	DivX	divx , avi
	Motion JPEG mjpeg, mjpg
	Quick Time Video mov
	RealMedia rmvb, rm
	Ogg ogm
	Matroska mkv
	ASF asf
	Windows Media Video	asf, wmv
	Subtitle	srt, ssa, idx, sub
Music MP3	mp3, mpa
	Ogg Vorbis	ogg
	RealMedia	ra, ram
	WAVE	wav
	Windows Media Audio	wma
	Matroska mka
	Monkeys Audio	ape
	MP1	mp1
	MP4	mp4, m4a, m4p
	PCM	pcm
	LPCM	lpcm
	DTS	dts
	AC3 ac3
	Free Lossless Audio Codec	flac
	Au	au
	AAC	aac
	3GPP	3gp, 3g2
	AIFF	aif, aiff
	Playlist	wpl, pls, m3u
Photo	Bitmap	bmp

Table 127 Supported Media Server Content Formats

CATEGORY FILE TYPE EXTENSION
	JPEG jpe, jpeg, jpg
	PNG	png

Note: Not all published file types can be viewed by all client applications.

19.5 Supported iTunes Server Content Formats

At the time of writing, the NSA's supports iTunes versions 7 through 9 and publishing mp3, m4a, m4p, wav, mp4, and m4v format audio files.

19.6 Power Consumption

The NSA was tested using the specified power sources with the external power adapter and with two hard drives installed.

Note: This table is a laboratory test of NSA power consumption for your reference only.

Table 128 Full loading Power consumption in Watts (W)*

POWER SOURCE	SYSTEM READ/WRITE
240V/50Hz 26.4W	(max)
100V/60Hz 25.2W	(max)

*Full loading test condition: 1.5 TB internal hard drive with 2 x USB storage and 1 x eSATA storage.

Setting Up Your Computer's IP Address

Note: Your specific NSA may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported.

This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer.

If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network's computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.

In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:

• Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 420
• Windows Vista on page 423
• Windows 7 on page 427
• Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 431
• Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 434
• Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 437
• Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 442

Windows XP/NT/2000

The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT.

1 Click Start > Control Panel.

2 In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.

3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.

4 On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.

5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.

6 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.

Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.

7 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.

8 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].

You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.

Windows Vista

This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.

1 Click Start > Control Panel.

2 In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.

3 Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.

4 Click Manage network connections.

5 Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.

Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.

6 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.

7 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.

8 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.
9 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].

You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.

Windows 7

This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.

1 Click Start > Control Panel.

2 In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the Network and Internet category.

3 Click Change adapter settings.

4 Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.

Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.

5 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.

6 The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.

7 Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided. Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS.
8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
9 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
3 The IP settings are displayed as follows.

Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4

The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.

1 Click Apple > System Preferences.

2 In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.

3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure.

4 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4 list in the TCP/IP tab.

5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

• From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
- In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
- In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
- In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.

6 Click Apply Now and close the window.

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info tab.

Figure 213 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility

Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6

The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.

1 Click Apple > System Preferences.

2 In System Preferences, click the Network icon.

3 When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types.

4 From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.

5 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

• From the Configure list, select Manually.
- In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
- In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
- In the Router field, enter the IP address of your NSA.

6 Click Apply and close the window.

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info tab.

Figure 214 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility

Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)

This section shows you how to configure your computer's TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.

Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.

Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:

1 Click System > Administration > Network.

2 When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password.

3 In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button.

4 In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.

5 The Properties dialog box opens.

• In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
• In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.

6 Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen.
7 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.

8 Click the Close button to apply the changes.

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly.

Figure 215 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools

Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)

This section shows you how to configure your computer's TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.

Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.

Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:

1 Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).

2 When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.

3 When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon.

4 When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.

5 When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab

Figure 216 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup

6 Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.

Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.

7 Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.

8 If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/ DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.

9 Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.

Verifying Settings

Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.

Figure 217 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager

When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly.

Figure 218 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager

Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions

In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:

• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).

Note: The screens used below belong to Internet Explorer version 6, 7 and 8. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.

Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers

You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.

Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device's IP address.

Disable Pop-up Blockers

1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.

Figure 219 Pop-up Blocker

You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.

1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
2 Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.

Figure 220 Internet Options: Privacy

3 Click Apply to save this setting.

Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions

Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.

1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.

2 Select Settings...to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.

Figure 221 Internet Options: Privacy

3 Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix "http://". For example, http://192.168.167.1.

4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.

Figure 222 Pop-up Blocker Settings

5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
6 Click Apply to save this setting.

JavaScript

If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript are allowed.

1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.

Figure 223 Internet Options: Security

2 Click the Custom Level... button.
3 Scroll down to Scripting.
4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).

6 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 224 Security Settings - Java Scripting

Java Permissions

1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
2 Click the Custom Level... button.
3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.

5 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 225 Security Settings - Java

JAVA (Sun)

1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab.
2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for under Java (Sun) is selected.

3 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 226 Java (Sun)

Mozilla Firefox

Mozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly. The steps below apply to Mozilla Firefox 3.0 as well.

You can enable Java, JavaScript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.

Figure 227 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options

Click Content to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.

Figure 228 Mozilla Firefox Content Security

Opera

Opera 10 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary slightly.

Allowing Pop-Ups

From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the General tab, go to Choose how you prefer to handle pop-ups and select Open all pop-ups.

Figure 229 Opera: Allowing Pop-Ups

Enabling Java

From Opera, click Tools, then Preferences. In the Advanced tab, select Content from the left-side menu. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.

Figure 230 Opera: Enabling Java

To customize JavaScript behavior in the Opera browser, click JavaScript Options.

Figure 231 Opera: JavaScript Options

Select the items you want Opera's JavaScript to apply.

Common Services

The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site.

- Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.

- Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.

- Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.

- If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.

- If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.

- Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.

Table 129 Commonly Used Services

NAME PROTOCOL	PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
AH (IPSEC_TUNNEL)	User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH		(Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.
AIM/New-ICQ	TCP	5190	AOL's Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ.
AUTH	TCP	113	Authentication protocol used by some servers.
BGP	TCP	179	Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT	UDP	68	DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER	UDP	67	DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME TCP	UDP	764824032	A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.
DNS	TCP/UDP	53	Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names (for example www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
NAME	PROTOCOL	PORT(S)	DESCRIPTION
ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL)	User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP	(Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.
FINGER	TCP	79	Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.
FTP TCP	TCP	2021	File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.
H.323	TCP	1720	NetMeeting uses this protocol.
HTTP	TCP	80	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.
HTTPS	TCP	443	HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.
ICMP	User-Defined	1	Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes.
ICQ	UDP	4000	This is a popular Internet chat program.
IGMP (MULTICAST)	User-Defined 2 Internet Group		Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.
IKE	UDP	500	The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.
IRC	TCP/UDP	6667	This is another popular Internet chat program.
MSN Messenger	TCP	1863	Microsoft Networks' messenger service uses this protocol.
NEW-ICQ	TCP	5190	An Internet chat program.
NEWS	TCP	144	A protocol for news groups.
NFS	UDP	2049	Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.
NNTP	TCP	119	Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.
PING	User-Defined	1	Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.
POP3	TCP	110	Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).
PPTP	TCP	1723	Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE)	User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.
RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO	TCP	7070	A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.
REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.
RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.
RTSP	TCP/UDP	554	The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet.
SFTP	TCP	115	Simple File Transfer Protocol.
SMTP	TCP	25	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.
SNMP	TCP/UDP	161	Simple Network Management Protocol.
SNMP-TRAPS	TCP/UDP	162	Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).
SQL-NET	TCP	1521	Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.
SSH	TCP/UDP	22	Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS	UDP	1558	Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG	UDP	514	Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.
TACACS	UDP	49	Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).
TELNET	TCP	23	Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.
NAME PROTOCOL	PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
TFTP	UDP	69	Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
VDOLIVE	TCP	7000	Another videoconferencing solution.

Importing Certificates

This appendix shows you how to import public key certificates into your web browser.

Public key certificates are used by web browsers to ensure that a secure web site is legitimate. When a certificate authority such as VeriSign, Comodo, or Network Solutions, to name a few, receives a certificate request from a website operator, they confirm that the web domain and contact information in the request match those on public record with a domain name registrar. If they match, then the certificate is issued to the website operator, who then places it on the site to be issued to all visiting web browsers to let them know that the site is legitimate.

Many ZyXEL products, such as the NSA-2401, issue their own public key certificates. These can be used by web browsers on a LAN or WAN to verify that they are in fact connecting to the legitimate device and not one masquerading as it. However, because the certificates were not issued by one of the several organizations officially recognized by the most common web browsers, you will need to import the ZyXEL-created certificate into your web browser and flag that certificate as a trusted authority.

Note: You can see if you are browsing on a secure website if the URL in your web browser's address bar begins with https:// or there is a sealed padlock icon () somewhere in the main browser window (not all browsers show the padlock in the same location.)

In this appendix, you can import a public key certificate for:

• Internet Explorer on page 463
• Firefox on page 472
  • Opera on page 477
  • Konqueror on page 484

Internet Explorer

The following example uses Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 on Windows XP Professional; however, they can also apply to Internet Explorer on Windows Vista.

1 If your device's Web Configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.

Figure 232 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error

2 Click Continue to this website (not recommended).

Figure 233 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error

3 In the Address Bar, click Certificate Error > View certificates.

Figure 234 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Error

4 In the Certificate dialog box, click Install Certificate.

Figure 235 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate

5 In the Certificate Import Wizard, click Next.

Figure 236 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard

6 If you want Internet Explorer to Automatically select certificate store based on the type of certificate, click Next again and then go to step 9.

Figure 237 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard

7 Otherwise, select Place all certificates in the following store and then click Browse.

Figure 238 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard

8 In the Select Certificate Store dialog box, choose a location in which to save the certificate and then click OK.

Figure 239 Internet Explorer 7: Select Certificate Store

9 In the Completing the Certificate Import Wizard screen, click Finish.

Figure 240 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard

10 If you are presented with another Security Warning, click Yes.

Figure 241 Internet Explorer 7: Security Warning

11 Finally, click OK when presented with the successful certificate installation message.

Figure 242 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard

12 The next time you start Internet Explorer and go to a ZyXEL Web Configurator page, a sealed padlock icon appears in the address bar. Click it to view the page's Website Identification information.

Figure 243 Internet Explorer 7: Website Identification

Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Internet Explorer

Rather than browsing to a ZyXEL Web Configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.

1 Double-click the public key certificate file.

Figure 244 Internet Explorer 7: Public Key Certificate File

CALCER

2 In the security warning dialog box, click Open.

Figure 245 Internet Explorer 7: Open File - Security Warning

3 Refer to steps 4-12 in the Internet Explorer procedure beginning on page 463 to complete the installation process.

Removing a Certificate in Internet Explorer

This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Internet Explorer 7.

1 Open Internet Explorer and click Tools > Internet Options.

Figure 246 Internet Explorer 7: Tools Menu

2 In the Internet Options dialog box, click Content > Certificates.

Figure 247 Internet Explorer 7: Internet Options

3 In the Certificates dialog box, click the Trusted Root Certificates Authorities tab, select the certificate that you want to delete, and then click Remove.

Figure 248 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates

4 In the Certificates confirmation, click Yes.

Figure 249 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates

5 In the Root Certificate Store dialog box, click Yes.

Figure 250 Internet Explorer 7: Root Certificate Store

6 The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.

Firefox

The following example uses Mozilla Firefox 2 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can also apply to Firefox 2 on all platforms.

1 If your device's Web Configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.
2 Select Accept this certificate permanently and click OK.

Figure 251 Firefox 2: Website Certified by an Unknown Authority

3 The certificate is stored and you can now connect securely to the Web Configurator. A sealed padlock appears in the address bar, which you can click to open the Page Info > Security window to view the web page's security information.

Figure 252 Firefox 2: Page Info

Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Firefox

Rather than browsing to a ZyXEL Web Configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.

1 Open Firefox and click Tools > Options.

Figure 253 Firefox 2: Tools Menu

2 In the Options dialog box, click Advanced > Encryption > View Certificates.

Figure 254 Firefox 2: Options

3 In the Certificate Manager dialog box, click Web Sites > Import.

Figure 255 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager

4 Use the Select File dialog box to locate the certificate and then click Open.

Figure 256 Firefox 2: Select File

5 The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Page Info > Security window to see the web page's security information.

Removing a Certificate in Firefox

This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Firefox 2.

1 Open Firefox and click Tools > Options.

Figure 257 Firefox 2: Tools Menu

2 In the Options dialog box, click Advanced > Encryption > View Certificates.

Figure 258 Firefox 2: Options

3 In the Certificate Manager dialog box, select the Web Sites tab, select the certificate that you want to remove, and then click Delete.

Figure 259 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager

4 In the Delete Web Site Certificates dialog box, click OK.

Figure 260 Firefox 2: Delete Web Site Certificates

5 The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.

Opera

The following example uses Opera 9 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can apply to Opera 9 on all platforms.

1 If your device's Web Configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.
2 Click Install to accept the certificate.

Figure 261 Opera 9: Certificate signer not found

3 The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Security information window to view the web page's security details.

Figure 262 Opera 9: Security information

Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Opera

Rather than browsing to a ZyXEL Web Configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.

1 Open Opera and click Tools > Preferences.

Figure 263 Opera 9: Tools Menu

2 In Preferences, click Advanced > Security > Manage certificates.

Figure 264 Opera 9: Preferences

3 In the Certificates Manager, click Authorities > Import.

Figure 265 Opera 9: Certificate manager

4 Use the Import certificate dialog box to locate the certificate and then click Open.

Figure 266 Opera 9: Import certificate

5 In the Install authority certificate dialog box, click Install.

Figure 267 Opera 9: Install authority certificate

6 Next, click OK.

Figure 268 Opera 9: Install authority certificate

7 The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Security information window to view the web page's security details.

Removing a Certificate in Opera

This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Opera 9.

1 Open Opera and click Tools > Preferences.

Figure 269 Opera 9: Tools Menu

2 In Preferences, Advanced > Security > Manage certificates.

Figure 270 Opera 9: Preferences

3 In the Certificates manager, select the Authorities tab, select the certificate that you want to remove, and then click Delete.

Figure 271 Opera 9: Certificate manager

4 The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.

Note: There is no confirmation when you delete a certificate authority, so be absolutely certain that you want to go through with it before clicking the button.

Konqueror

The following example uses Konqueror 3.5 on openSUSE 10.3, however the screens apply to Konqueror 3.5 on all Linux KDE distributions.

1 If your device's Web Configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.

2 Click Continue.

Figure 272 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication

3 Click Forever when prompted to accept the certificate.

Figure 273 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication

4 Click the padlock in the address bar to open the KDE SSL Information window and view the web page's security details.

Figure 274 Konqueror 3.5: KDE SSL Information

Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Konqueror

Rather than browsing to a ZyXEL Web Configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.

1 Double-click the public key certificate file.

Figure 275 Konqueror 3.5: Public Key Certificate File

2 In the Certificate Import Result - Kleopatra dialog box, click OK.

Figure 276 Konqueror 3.5: Certificate Import Result

The public key certificate appears in the KDE certificate manager, Kleopatra.

Figure 277 Konqueror 3.5: Kleopatra

3 The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the KDE SSL Information window to view the web page's security details.

Removing a Certificate in Konqueror

This section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Konqueror 3.5.

1 Open Konqueror and click Settings > Configure Konqueror.

Figure 278 Konqueror 3.5: Settings Menu

2 In the Configure dialog box, select Crypto.
3 On the Peer SSL Certificates tab, select the certificate you want to delete and then click Remove.

Figure 279 Konqueror 3.5: Configure

4 The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.

Note: There is no confirmation when you remove a certificate authority, so be absolutely certain you want to go through with it before clicking the button.

Open Source Licences

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This Product includes cups, libgcgi, libgphoto2, libraw1394, pam_mount, wxWidgets, wxWidgets, flac and libjson software under LGPL 2.1 license.

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1. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted, and provided that you do these two things: a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above. b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
2. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
3. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it.
4. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the

rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

1. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to

refrain entirely from distribution of the Library. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

1. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

2. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a license version number, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

3. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, write to the author to ask for

permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing

and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

1. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

2. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

This Product includes Linux Kernel, uboot, cups, busybox, dhcpd 1.3.22-p14, fuse, gphoto2, gphotofs, ipkg, libeeprog, libiconv, libid3tag, libol, lm-sensors, mdadm, mt-daapd, mtd-utils, ntfs-3g, pciutils, quotatool, reiserfsprogs, samba, sg3_utils, syslog-ng, upnpigdctrl, dar, ez-ipupdate, inadyn, aMule, Glib, pango, pkg-config, gallery, nfs-utils, mysql, phpMyAdmin, smartmontools, squeezeboxserver, WordPress, Audio-Scan, DBD-mysql, DBI, flac, PERL, AutoXS-Header, Class-C3-XS, Class-XSAccessor, Class-XSAccessor-Array, Compress-Raw-Zlib, Digest-SHA1, EV, ExtUtils-Cbuilder, GD, HTML-Parser, JSON-XS, Module-Build, Sub-Name, Template-Toolkit, XML-Parser and libchardet software under GPL 2.0 license.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we

have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

2. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

3. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
   a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
   b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
   c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program

itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

1. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the

scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same

place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

1. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

2. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

3. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

4. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

5. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

6. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
7. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

1. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
2. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN

IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

All other trademarks or trade names mentioned herein, if any, are the property of their respective owners.

This Product includes mediainfo software under below license

MedialInfo(Lib) License

Version 1.1, 3 January 2010

Copyright 2002-2010 MediaArea.net SARL. All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with modification, are permitted provided that the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version is met.

Dynamic or static linking to this software are not deemed a modification.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY MEDIAAREA.NET SARL ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL MEDIAAREA.NET OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.

1. Additional Definitions.

As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.

An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.

A “Combined Work” is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the “Linked Version”.

The “Minimal Corresponding Source” for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.

The “Corresponding Application Code” for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.

1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.

You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.

1. Conveying Modified Versions.

If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:

• a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
• b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy.

1. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.

The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:

• a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
• b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.

1. Combined Works.

You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of the following:

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•c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.

• d) Do one of the following:

o0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form suitable for, and under terms

that permit, the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.

o1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked Version.

•e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise be required to provide such information under section 6 of the GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is necessary to install and execute a modified version of the Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.)

5. Combined Libraries.

You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:

• a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License.

•b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.

6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does

not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the Library.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You

must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.

Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

0. Definitions.

"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.

"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.

To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.

A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.

To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.

To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.

An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

1. Source Code.

The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.

A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.

The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.

The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source

includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.

The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.

The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

2. Basic Permissions.

All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.

3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.

When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.

4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

• a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
- b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
•c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
•d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.

A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:

• a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
•b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
•c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
•d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
•e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.

A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.

A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial,

industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.

If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).

The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.

Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

7. Additional Terms.

“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:

• a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
•b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
•c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
•d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
•e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
•f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.

All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

8. Termination.

You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and

will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

11. Patents.

A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.

A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them

to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

14. Revised Versions of this License.

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in

spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

1. Disclaimer of Warranty.

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

1. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

1. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

This Product includes rsync software under GPL 3.0 license

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.

Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

0. Definitions.

"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.

"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.

To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.

A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.

To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.

To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.

An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

1. Source Code.

The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.

A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.

The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.

The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work

is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.

The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.

The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

2. Basic Permissions.

All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.

3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.

No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.

When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.

4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

• a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
•b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
•c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
•d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.

A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:

• a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
•b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
• c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
•d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
•e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.

A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.

A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In

determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.

If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).

The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.

Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

7. Additional Terms.

“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:

• a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
•b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
• c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
•d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
•e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
•f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.

All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

8. Termination.

You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging

organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

11. Patents.

A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's “contributor version”.

A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge

that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public

License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

14. Revised Versions of this License.

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

16. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR

A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

Copyright (C)

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

Copyright (C)

This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it

under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html.

This Product includes dojo, openssl, libupnp, sg3_utils, cherrypy and YAML-Syck software under BSD license

BSD

Copyright (c) [dates as appropriate to package]

The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

Neither the name of the University nor of the Laboratory may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE E ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This Product includes flac software under FDL license

GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.2, November 2002

Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We

recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with

modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of

the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of

pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text or matters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not

Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary ormats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions

(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities

responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.

C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.

D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.

F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.

H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and

publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.

J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all

the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers

or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.

N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material

copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique

number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the

electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.

Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include

translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a

translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-

Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.

This Product includes Encode-Detect software under MPL 1.1 license

MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 1.1

1. Definitions.

1.0.1. "Commercial Use" means distribution or otherwise making the Covered Code available to a third party.

1.1. "Contributor" means each entity that creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications.

1.2. "Contributor Version" means the combination of the Original Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the Modifications made by that particular Contributor.

1.3. "Covered Code" means the Original Code or Modifications or the combination of the Original Code and Modifications, in each case including portions thereof.

1.4. "Electronic Distribution Mechanism" means a mechanism generally accepted in the software development community for the electronic transfer of data.

1.5. "Executable" means Covered Code in any form other than Source Code.

1.6. "Initial Developer" means the individual or entity identified as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A.

1.7. "Larger Work" means a work which combines Covered Code or portions thereof with code not governed by the terms of this License.

1.8. "License" means this document.

1.8.1. "Licensable" means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible, whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently acquired, any and all of the rights conveyed herein.

1.9. "Modifications" means any addition to or deletion from the substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a series of files, a Modification is:

A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file containing Original Code or previous Modifications.

B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or previous Modifications.

1.10. "Original Code" means Source Code of computer software code which is described in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A as Original Code, and which, at the time of its release under this License is not already Covered Code governed by this License.

1.10.1. "Patent Claims" means any patent claim(s), now owned or hereafter acquired, including without limitation, method, process,

and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by grantor.

1.11. "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Covered Code for making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control compilation and installation of an Executable, or source code differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another well known, available Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form, provided the appropriate decompression or de-archiving software is widely available for no charge.

1.12. "You" (or "Your") means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License or a future version of this License issued under Section 6.1. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity which controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You. For purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial ownership of such entity.

2. Source Code License.

2.1. The Initial Developer Grant.

The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to third party intellectual property claims:

(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark) Licensable by Initial Developer to use, reproduce, modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original Code (or portions thereof) with or without Modifications, and/or as part of a Larger Work; and
(b) under Patents Claims infringed by the making, using or selling of Original Code, to make, have made, use, practice, sell, and offer for sale, and/or otherwise dispose of the Original Code (or portions thereof).
(c) the licenses granted in this Section 2.1(a) and (b) are effective on the date Initial Developer first distributes Original Code under the terms of this License.
(d) Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted: 1) for code that You delete from the Original Code; 2) separate from the Original Code; or 3) for infringements caused by: i) the modification of the Original Code or ii) the combination of the Original Code with other software or devices.

2.2. Contributor Grant.

Subject to third party intellectual property claims, each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license

(a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark) Licensable by Contributor, to use, reproduce, modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an unmodified basis, with other Modifications, as Covered Code

and/or as part of a Larger Work; and

(b) under Patent Claims infringed by the making, using, or selling of Modifications made by that Contributor either alone and/or in combination with its Contributor Version (or portions of such combination), to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and/or otherwise dispose of: 1) Modifications made by that Contributor (or portions thereof); and 2) the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with its Contributor Version (or portions of such combination).

(c) the licenses granted in Sections 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) are effective on the date Contributor first makes Commercial Use of the Covered Code.

(d) Notwithstanding Section 2.2(b) above, no patent license is granted: 1) for any code that Contributor has deleted from the Contributor Version; 2) separate from the Contributor Version; 3) for infringements caused by: i) third party modifications of Contributor Version or ii) the combination of Modifications made by that Contributor with other software (except as part of the Contributor Version) or other devices; or 4) under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Code in the absence of Modifications made by that Contributor.

1. Distribution Obligations.

3.1. Application of License.

The Modifications which You create or to which You contribute are governed by the terms of this License, including without limitation

Section 2.2. The Source Code version of Covered Code may be distributed only under the terms of this License or a future version of this License released under Section 6.1, and You must include a copy of this License with every copy of the Source Code You distribute. You may not offer or impose any terms on any Source Code version that alters or restricts the applicable version of this License or the recipients' rights hereunder. However, You may include an additional document offering the additional rights described in Section 3.5.

3.2. Availability of Source Code.

Any Modification which You create or to which You contribute must be made available in Source Code form under the terms of this License either on the same media as an Executable version or via an accepted Electronic Distribution Mechanism to anyone to whom you made an Executable version available; and if made available via Electronic Distribution Mechanism, must remain available for at least twelve (12) months after the date it initially became available, or at least six (6) months after a subsequent version of that particular Modification has been made available to such recipients. You are responsible for ensuring that the Source Code version remains available even if the Electronic Distribution Mechanism is maintained by a third party.

3.3. Description of Modifications.

You must cause all Covered Code to which You contribute to contain a file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and the date of any change. You must include a prominent statement that

the Modification is derived, directly or indirectly, from Original

Code provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of the Initial Developer in (a) the Source Code, and (b) in any notice in an Executable version or related documentation in which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code.

3.4. Intellectual Property Matters

(a) Third Party Claims.

If Contributor has knowledge that a license under a third party's intellectual property rights is required to exercise the rights granted by such Contributor under Sections 2.1 or 2.2,

Contributor must include a text file with the Source Code distribution titled "LEGAL" which describes the claim and the party making the claim in sufficient detail that a recipient will know whom to contact. If Contributor obtains such knowledge after the Modification is made available as described in Section 3.2, Contributor shall promptly modify the LEGAL file in all copies Contributor makes available thereafter and shall take other steps (such as notifying appropriate mailing lists or newsgroups) reasonably calculated to inform those who received the Covered Code that new knowledge has been obtained.

(b) Contributor APIs.

If Contributor's Modifications include an application programming interface and Contributor has knowledge of patent licenses which are reasonably necessary to implement that API, Contributor must also include this information in the LEGAL file.

(c) Representations.

Contributor represents that, except as disclosed pursuant to Section 3.4(a) above, Contributor believes that Contributor's Modifications are Contributor's original creation(s) and/or Contributor has sufficient rights to grant the rights conveyed by this license.

3.5. Required Notices.

You must duplicate the notice in Exhibit A in each file of the Source Code. If it is not possible to put such notice in a particular Source Code file due to its structure, then You must include such notice in a location (such as a relevant directory) where a user would be likely to look for such a notice. If You created one or more Modification(s) You may add your name as a Contributor to the notice described in Exhibit A. You must also duplicate this License in any documentation for the Source Code where You describe recipients' rights or ownership rights relating to Covered Code. You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered Code. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on behalf of the Initial Developer or any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear than any such warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligation is offered by You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of warranty, support, indemnity or liability terms You offer.

3.6. Distribution of Executable Versions.

You may distribute Covered Code in Executable form only if the requirements of Section 3.1-3.5 have been met for that Covered Code, and if You include a notice stating that the Source Code version of the Covered Code is available under the terms of this License, including a description of how and where You have fulfilled the obligations of Section 3.2. The notice must be conspicuously included in any notice in an Executable version, related documentation or collateral in which You describe recipients' rights relating to the Covered Code. You may distribute the Executable version of Covered Code or ownership rights under a license of Your choice, which may contain terms different from this License, provided that You are in compliance with the terms of this License and that the license for the Executable version does not attempt to limit or alter the recipient's rights in the Source Code version from the rights set forth in this License. If You distribute the Executable version under a different license You must make it absolutely clear that any terms which differ from this License are offered by You alone, not by the Initial Developer or any Contributor. You hereby agree to indemnify the Initial Developer and every Contributor for any liability incurred by the Initial Developer or such Contributor as a result of any such terms You offer.

3.7. Larger Works.

You may create a Larger Work by combining Covered Code with other code not governed by the terms of this License and distribute the Larger

Work as a single product. In such a case, You must make sure the requirements of this License are fulfilled for the Covered Code.

1. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation.

If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this License with respect to some or all of the Covered Code due to statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b) describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must be included in the LEGAL file described in Section 3.4 and must be included with all distributions of the Source Code. Except to the extent prohibited by statute or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it.

1. Application of this License.

This License applies to code to which the Initial Developer has attached the notice in Exhibit A and to related Covered Code.

1. Versions of the License.

6.1. New Versions.

Netscape Communications Corporation ("Netscape") may publish revised and/or new versions of the License from time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing version number.

6.2. Effect of New Versions.

Once Covered Code has been published under a particular version of the License, You may always continue to use it under the terms of that version. You may also choose to use such Covered Code under the terms

of any subsequent version of the License published by Netscape. No one other than Netscape has the right to modify the terms applicable to Covered Code created under this License.

6.3. Derivative Works.

If You create or use a modified version of this License (which you may only do in order to apply it to code which is not already Covered Code governed by this License), You must (a) rename Your license so that the phrases "Mozilla", "MOZILLAPL", "MOZPL", "Netscape",

"MPL", "NPL" or any confusingly similar phrase do not appear in your license (except to note that your license differs from this License) and (b) otherwise make it clear that Your version of the license contains terms which differ from the Mozilla Public License and Netscape Public License. (Filling in the name of the Initial

Developer, Original Code or Contributor in the notice described in Exhibit A shall not of themselves be deemed to be modifications of this License.)

7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.

COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, MERCHANTABILITY, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.

THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD ANY COVERED CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT, YOU (NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER.

8. TERMINATION.

8.1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically if You fail to comply with terms herein and fail to cure such breach within 30 days of becoming aware of the breach. All sublicenses to the Covered Code which are properly granted shall survive any termination of this License. Provisions which, by their nature, must remain in effect beyond the termination of this License shall survive.

8.2. If You initiate litigation by asserting a patent infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions) against Initial Developer or a Contributor (the Initial Developer or Contributor against whom You file such action is referred to as "Participant") alleging that:

(a) such Participant's Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then any and all rights granted by such Participant to You under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2 of this License shall, upon 60 days notice from Participant terminate prospectively, unless if within 60 days after receipt of notice You either: (i) agree in writing to pay Participant a mutually agreeable reasonable royalty for Your past and future use of Modifications made by such Participant, or (ii) withdraw Your litigation claim with respect to the Contributor Version against such Participant. If within 60 days of notice, a reasonable royalty and payment arrangement are not mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties or the litigation claim is not withdrawn, the rights granted by Participant to You under Sections 2.1 and/or 2.2 automatically terminate at the expiration of

the 60 day notice period specified above.

(b) any software, hardware, or device, other than such Participant's Contributor Version, directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then any rights granted to You by such Participant under Sections 2.1(b) and 2.2(b) are revoked effective as of the date You first made, used, sold, distributed, or had made, Modifications made by that Participant.

8.3. If You assert a patent infringement claim against Participant alleging that such Participant's Contributor Version directly or indirectly infringes any patent where such claim is resolved (such as by license or settlement) prior to the initiation of patent infringement litigation, then the reasonable value of the licenses granted by such Participant under Sections 2.1 or 2.2 shall be taken into account in determining the amount or value of any payment or license.

8.4. In the event of termination under Sections 8.1 or 8.2 above, all end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which have been validly granted by You or any distributor hereunder prior to termination shall survive termination.

9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL YOU, THE INITIAL DEVELOPER, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF COVERED CODE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF SUCH PARTY SHALL HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF

SUCH DAMAGES. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL NOT APPLY TO LIABILITY FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY RESULTING FROM SUCH PARTY'S NEGLIGENCE TO THE EXTENT APPLICABLE LAW PROHIBITS SUCH LIMITATION. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THIS EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

10. U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS.

The Covered Code is a "commercial item," as that term is defined in 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (Oct. 1995), consisting of "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation," as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (Sept. 1995). Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (June 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire Covered Code with only those rights set forth herein.

11. MISCELLANEOUS.

This License represents the complete agreement concerning subject matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable. This License shall be governed by California law provisions (except to the extent applicable law, if any, provides otherwise), excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. With respect to disputes in which at least one party is a citizen of, or an entity chartered or registered to do business in the United States of America, any litigation relating to this License shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts of the Northern District of California, with venue lying in Santa Clara County, California, with the losing party responsible for costs, including

without limitation, court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any law or regulation which provides that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter shall not apply to this License.

12. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CLAIMS.

As between Initial Developer and the Contributors, each party is responsible for claims and damages arising, directly or indirectly, out of its utilization of rights under this License and You agree to work with Initial Developer and Contributors to distribute such responsibility on an equitable basis. Nothing herein is intended or shall be deemed to constitute any admission of liability.

13. MULTIPLE-LICENSED CODE.

Initial Developer may designate portions of the Covered Code as "Multiple-Licensed". "Multiple-Licensed" means that the Initial Developer permits you to utilize portions of the Covered Code under Your choice of the NPL or the alternative licenses, if any, specified by the Initial Developer in the file described in Exhibit A.

EXHIBIT A - Mozilla Public License.

The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/

Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"

basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the

License for the specific language governing rights and limitations

under the License.

The Original Code is ____.

The Initial Developer of the Original Code is ____.

Portions created by ____ are Copyright (C) ____

____. All Rights Reserved.

Contributor(s): ____.

Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of the ____ license (the "[____] License"), in which case the provisions of [____] License are applicable instead of those

above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms of the [____] License and not to allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL, indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice and other provisions required by the [____] License. If you do not delete the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under either the MPL or the [____] License."

[NOTE: The text of this Exhibit A may differ slightly from the text of the notices in the Source Code files of the Original Code. You should use the text of this Exhibit A rather than the text found in the Original Code Source Code for Your Modifications.]

This Product includes DBD-mysql software under below license

Copyright (c) 2003 Rudolf Lippan

Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Jochen Wiedmann

You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public

License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.

This Product includes sg3_utils software under below license

Upstream Authors: Douglas Gilbert ,

Bruce Allen ,

Peter Allworth ,

James Bottomley ,

Lars Marowsky-Bree ,

Kurt Garloff ,

Grant Grundler ,

Christophe Varoqui ,

Michael Weller ,

Eric Youngdale

Copyright:

This software is copyright(c) 1994-2007 by the authors

You are free to distribute this software under the terms of

the GNU General Public License.

On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public

License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL file.

many parts of this package are covered by the BSD license.

These include central error processing code (sg_lib.[hc]),

common command code (sg_cmds_basic.[hc] and sg_cmds_extra.[hc])

and later utilities. They are Copyright: Douglas Gilbert.

The author's intention is that the BSD licensed code can be used

freely by others. On Debian systems, the complete text of the

BSD License can be found in '/usr/share/common-licenses/BSD'.

This Product includes DBI software under below license

The DBI module is Copyright (c) 1994-2008 Tim Bunce. Ireland.

All rights reserved.

You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public

License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.

This Product includes flac software under below license

This is the Win32 binary release for the FLAC project.

All programs and plugins are released under the GPL (see COPYING.GPL)

except the Winamp 2 plugin which is LGPL (see COPYING.LGPL).

The documentation is released under the FDL (see COPYING.FDL).

This Product includes boost software under below license

BOOST SOFTWARE LICENSE

oLicense text

olntroduction

oHistory

oRationale

oFAQ

oTransition

oAcknowledgements

INTRODUCTION

The Boost Software License specifies the terms and conditions of use for those Boost libraries that it covers.

Currently, some Boost libraries have their own licenses. The hope is that eventually all Boost libraries will be covered by the Boost Software License. In the meantime, all libraries comply with the Boost License requirements.

HISTORY

As Boost grew, it became unmanageable for each Boost file to have its own license. Users complained that each license needed to be reviewed, and that reviews were difficult or impossible if Boost libraries contained many different licenses. Boost moderators and maintainers spent excessive time dealing with license issues. Boost developers often copied existing licenses without actually knowing if the license wording met legal needs.

To clarify these licensing issues, the Boost moderators asked for help from the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. It was requested that a single Boost license be developed that met the traditional requirements that Boost licenses, particularly:

oMust be simple to read and understand.

oMust grant permission without fee to copy, use and modify the software for any use (commercial and non-commercial).

oMust require that the license appear with all copies [including redistributions] of the software source code.

oMust not require that the license appear with executables or other binary uses of the library.

oMust not require that the source code be available for execution or other binary uses of the library.

Additionally, other common open source licenses were studied to see what additional issues were being treated, and additions representing good legal practice were also requested. The result is the Boost Software License:

Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization

obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by

this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,

execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the

Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to

do so, all subject to the following:

The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including

the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,

must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and

all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative

works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by

a source language processor.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT

SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE

FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,

ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER

DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

RATIONALE

The following rationale was provided by Devin Smith, the lawyer who wrote the Boost Software License. It has been edited slightly for brevity. Editorial additions are shown in square brackets.

BENEFIT OF COMMON SOFTWARE LICENSE

If one of Boost's goals is to ease use and adoption of the various libraries made available by Boost, it does make sense to try to standardize the licenses under which the libraries are made available to users. (I make some recommendations about a possible short-form license below.)

[Standardizing the license will not] necessarily address the issue of satisfying corporate licensees. Each corporation will have its own concerns, based on their

own experiences with software licensing and distribution and, if they're careful, will want to carefully review each license, even if they've been told that they're all standard. I would expect that, unless we're remarkably brilliant (or lucky) in drafting the standard Boost license, the standard license won't satisfy the legal departments of all corporations. I imagine that some will, for instance, absolutely insist that licensors provide a warranty of title and provide indemnification for third-party intellectual property infringement claims. Others may want functional warranties. (If I were advising the corporations, I would point out that they're not paying anything for the code and getting such warranties from individual programmers, who probably do not have deep pockets, is not that valuable anyway, but other lawyers may disagree.)

But this can be addressed, not by trying to craft the perfect standard license, but by informing the corporations that they can, if they don't like the standard license, approach the authors to negotiate a different, perhaps even paid, license.

One other benefit of adopting a standard license is to help ensure that the license accomplishes, from a legal perspective, what the authors intend. For instance, many of the [original] licenses for the libraries available on boost.org do not disclaim the warranty of title, meaning that the authors could, arguably, be sued by a user if the code infringes the rights of a third party and the user is sued by that third party. I think the authors probably want to disclaim this kind of liability.

SHORT-FORM LICENSE

Without in anyway detracting from the draft license that's been circulated [to Boost moderators], I'd like to propose an alternative "short-form" license that Boost could have the library authors adopt. David [Abrahams] has expressed a desire to keep things as simple as possible, and to try to move away from past practice as little as possible, and this is my attempt at a draft.

This license, which is very similar to the BSD license and the MIT license, should satisfy the Open Source Initiative's Open Source Definition: (i) the license permits free redistribution, (ii) the distributed code includes source code, (iii) the license permits the creation of derivative works, (iv) the license does not discriminate against persons or groups, (v) the license does not discriminate against fields of endeavor, (vi) the rights apply to all to whom the program is redistributed, (vii) the license is not specific to a product, and (viii) the license is technologically neutral (i.e., it does not [require] an explicit gesture of assent in order to establish a contract between licensor and licensee).

This license grants all rights under the owner's copyrights (as well as an implied patent license), disclaims all liability for use of the code (including intellectual property infringement liability), and requires that all subsequent copies of the code [except machine-executable object code], including partial copies and derivative works, include the license.

FAQ

How should Boost programmers apply the license to source and header files? Add a comment based on the following template, substituting appropriate text for the italicized portion:

// Copyright Joe Coder 2004 - 2006.

// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.

// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at

// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

Please leave an empty line before and after the above comment block. It is fine if the copyright and license messages are not on different lines; in no case there should be other intervening text. Do not include "All rights reserved" anywhere.

Other ways of licensing source files have been considered, but some of them turned out to unintentionally nullify legal elements of the license. Having fixed language for referring to the license helps corporate legal departments evaluate the boost distribution. Creativity in license reference language is strongly discouraged, but judicious changes in the use of whitespace are fine.

How should the license be applied to documentation files, instead? Very similarly to the way it is applied to source files: the user should see the very same text indicated in the template above, with the only difference that both the local and the web copy of LICENSE_1_0.txt should be linked to. Refer to the HTML source code of this page in case of doubt.

Note that the location of the local LICENSE_1_0.txt needs to be indicated relatively to the position of your documentation file (../LICENSE_1_0.txt, .././LICENSE_1_0.txt etc.)

How is the Boost license different from the GNU General Public License (GPL)? The Boost license permits the creation of derivative works for commercial or non-commercial use with no legal requirement to release your source code. Other differences include Boost not requiring reproduction of copyright messages for object code redistribution, and the fact that the Boost license is not "viral": if you distribute your own code along with some Boost code, the Boost license applies only to the Boost code (and modified versions thereof); you are free to license your own code under any terms you like. The GPL is also much longer, and thus may be harder to understand.

Why the phrase "machine-executable object code generated by a source language processor"? To distinguish cases where we do not require reproduction of the copyrights and license, such as object libraries, shared libraries, and final program executables, from cases where reproduction is still required, such as distribution

of self-extracting archives of source code or precompiled header files. More detailed wording was rejected as not being legally necessary, and reducing readability.

Why is the "disclaimer" paragraph of the license entirely in uppercase?

Capitalization of these particular provisions is a US legal mandate for consumer protection. (Diane Cabell)

Does the copyright and license cover interfaces too? The conceptual interface to a library isn't covered. The particular representation expressed in the header is covered, as is the documentation, examples, test programs, and all the other material that goes with the library. A different implementation is free to use the same logical interface, however. Interface issues have been fought out in court several times; ask a lawyer for details.

Why doesn't the license prohibit the copyright holder from patenting the covered software? No one who distributes their code under the terms of this license could turn around and sue a user for patent infringement. (Devin Smith)

Boost's lawyers were well aware of patent provisions in licenses like the GPL and CPL, and would have included such provisions in the Boost license if they were believed to be legally useful.

Why doesn't the copyright message say "All rights reserved"? Devin Smith says "I don't think it belongs in the copyright notice for anything (software, electronic documentation, etc.) that is being licensed. It belongs in books that are sold where, in fact, all rights (e.g., to reproduce the book, etc.) are being reserved in the publisher or author. I think it shouldn't be in the BSD license."

Do I have to copyright/license trivial files? Even a test file that just contains an empty main() should have a copyright. Files without copyrights make corporate lawyers nervous, and that's a barrier to adoption. The more of Boost is uniformly copyrighted and licensed, the less problem people will have with mounting a Boost release CD on a corporate server.

Can I use the Boost license for my own projects outside Boost? Sure; there are no restrictions on the use of the license itself.

Is the Boost license "Open Source"? Yes. The Open Source Initiative certified the Boost Software License 1.0 in early 2008.

TRANSITION

To ease the transition of the code base towards the new common license, several people decided to give a blanket permission for all their contributions to use the new license. This hopefully helps maintainers to switch to the new license once the list contains enough names without asking over and over again for each change. Please consider adding your name to the list.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dave Abrahams led the Boost effort to develop better licensing. The legal team was led by Diane Cabell, Director, Clinical Programs, Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard Law School. Devin Smith, attorney, Nixon Peabody LLP, wrote the Boost License. Eva Chan, Harvard Law School, contributed analysis of Boost issues and drafts of various legal documents. Boost members reviewed drafts of the license. Beman Dawes wrote this web page.

Revised \Date: 2009-06-07 07:14:52 -0400 (Sun, 07 Jun 2009) \

Copyright Beman Dawes, Daniel Frey, David Abrahams, 2003-2004.

Copyright Rene Rivera 2004-2005.

Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.

This Product includes curl software under below license

COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSION NOTICE

Copyright (c) 1996 - 2009, Daniel Stenberg, [e-mail].

All rights reserved.

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose

with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright

notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder. License Issues

Curl and libcurl are released under a MIT/X derivate license. The license is very liberal and should not impose a problem for your project. This section is just a brief summary for the cases we get the most questions. (Parts of this section was much enhanced by Bjorn Reese.)

We are not lawyers and this is not legal advice. You should probably consult one if you want true and accurate legal insights without our prejudice.

6.1 I have a GPL program, can I use the libcurl library?

Yes!

Since libcurl may be distributed under the MIT/X derivate license, it can be used together with GPL in any software.

6.2 I have a closed-source program, can I use the libcurl library?

Yes!

libcurl does not put any restrictions on the program that uses the library.

6.3 I have a BSD licensed program, can I use the libcurl library?

Yes!

libcurl does not put any restrictions on the program that uses the library.

6.4 I have a program that uses LGPL libraries, can I use libcurl?

Yes!

The LGPL license doesn't clash with other licenses.

6.5 Can I modify curl/libcurl for my program and keep the changes secret?

Yes!

The MIT/X derivate license practically allows you to do almost anything with the sources, on the condition that the copyright texts in the sources are left intact.

6.6 Can you please change the curl/libcurl license to XXXX?

No.

We have carefully picked this license after years of development and discussions and a large amount of people have contributed with source code knowing that this is the license we use. This license puts the restrictions we want on curl/libcurl and it does not spread to other programs or libraries that use it. It should be possible for everyone to use libcurl or curl in their projects, no matter what license they already have in use.

6.7 What are my obligations when using libcurl in my commercial apps?

Next to none. All you need to adhere to is the MIT-style license (stated in the COPYING file) which basically says you have to include the copyright notice in "all copies" and that you may not use the copyright holder's name when promoting your software.

You do not have to release any of your source code.

You do not have to reveal or make public any changes to the libcurl source code.

You do not have to reveal or make public that you are using libcurl within your app.

As can be seen here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/companies.html and elsewhere, more and more companies are discovering the power

of libcurl and take advantage of it even in commercial environments.

This Product includes httpd software under below license

Apache HTTP Server

Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.

This product includes software developed at

The Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/).

Portions of this software were developed at the National Center

for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of

Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

This software contains code derived from the RSA Data Security

Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm, including various

modifications by Spyglass Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, and

Bell Communications Research, Inc (Bellcore).

Regular expression support is provided by the PCRE library package,

which is open source software, written by Philip Hazel, and copyright

by the University of Cambridge, England. The original software is

available from

ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/

Apache License

Version 2.0, January 2004

http://www.apache.org/licenses/

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

1. Definitions.

"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,

and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.

"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.

"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.

"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.

"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work

(an example is provided in the Appendix below).

"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity

on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.

1. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

2. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

3. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:

(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and

(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and

(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or

documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

1. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

2. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

3. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

4. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor

has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

1. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.

To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.

Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

APACHE HTTP SERVER SUBCOMPONENTS:

The Apache HTTP Server includes a number of subcomponents with

separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source

code for the these subcomponents is subject to the terms and

conditions of the following licenses.

For the mod_mime_magic component:

/ *

* mod_mime_magic: MIME type lookup via file magic numbers
* Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Cisco Systems, Inc.
* This software was submitted by Cisco Systems to the Apache Group in July
* 1997. Future revisions and derivatives of this source code must
* acknowledge Cisco Systems as the original contributor of this module.
* All other licensing and usage conditions are those of the Apache Group.
* Some of this code is derived from the free version of the file command
* originally posted to comp.sources.unix. Copyright info for that program
* is included below as required.
* - Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, 1987. Written by Ian F. Darwin.
* This software is not subject to any license of the American Telephone and
* Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University of California.
* Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose on any
* computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to
* the following restrictions:
* 1. The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of this
* software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws in it.
* 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by

* explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read sources, credits

* must appear in the documentation.

* 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be

* misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users ever read

* sources, credits must appear in the documentation.

* 4. This notice may not be removed or altered.

For the modules\mappers\mod_imagemap.c component:

"macmartinized" polygon code copyright 1992 by Eric Haines, [e-mail]

For the server\util_md5.c component:

* NCSA HTTPd Server

* Software Development Group

* National Center for Supercomputing Applications

* University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

* 605 E. Springfield, Champaign, IL 61820
* [e-mail]
* Copyright (C) 1995, Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

* md5.c: NCSA HTTPd code which uses the md5c.c RSA Code

* Original Code Copyright (C) 1994, Jeff Hostetler, Spyglass, Inc.

* Portions of Content-MD5 code Copyright (C) 1993, 1994 by Carnegie Mellon

* University (see Copyright below).

* Portions of Content-MD5 code Copyright (C) 1991 Bell Communications

* Research, Inc. (Bellcore) (see Copyright below).

* Portions extracted from mpack, John G. Myers - jgm+ @cmu.edu

* Content-MD5 Code contributed by Martin Hamilton ([e-mail])

/* these portions extracted from mpack, John G. Myers - jgm+ @cmu.edu */

/* (C) Copyright 1993,1994 by Carnegie Mellon University

* All Rights Reserved.

*

* Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software
* and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without
* fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies
* and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice
* appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Carnegie
* Mellon University not be used in advertising or publicity
* pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
* written prior permission. Carnegie Mellon University makes no
* representations about the suitability of this software for any
* purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied

* warranty.

* CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO

* THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY

* AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY BE LIABLE

* FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN

* AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING

* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS

* SOFTWARE.

* /

/ *
* Copyright (c) 1991 Bell Communications Research, Inc. (Bellcore)
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this material
* for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
* that the above copyright notice and this permission notice
* appear in all copies, and that the name of Bellcore not be
* used in advertising or publicity pertaining to this
* material without the specific, prior written permission
* of an authorized representative of Bellcore. BELLCORE
* MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR SUITABILITY
* OF THIS MATERIAL FOR ANY PURPOSE. IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS",
* WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
* /

For the srclib\apr\include\apr_md5.h component:

/ *

* This is work is derived from material Copyright RSA Data Security, Inc.

*

* The RSA copyright statement and Licence for that original material is

* included below. This is followed by the Apache copyright statement and

* licence for the modifications made to that material.

* /

/* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All

rights reserved.

License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software or this function.

License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work.

RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty of any kind.

These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or software.

* /

For the srclib\apr\passwd\apr_md5.c component:

/ *

* This is work is derived from material Copyright RSA Data Security, Inc.

*

* The RSA copyright statement and Licence for that original material is
* included below. This is followed by the Apache copyright statement and
* licence for the modifications made to that material.

* /

/* MD5C.C - RSA Data Security, Inc., MD5 message-digest algorithm */

/* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All rights reserved.

License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software or this function.

License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work.

RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"

without express or implied warranty of any kind.

These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or software.

* /

/ *

* The apr_md5_encode() routine uses much code obtained from the FreeBSD 3.0

* MD5 crypt() function, which is licenced as follows:

* "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):

* [e-mail] wrote this file. As long as you retain this notice you

* can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and you think

* this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return. Poul-Henning Kamp

* /

For the srclib\apr-util\crypto\apr_md4.c component:

* This is derived from material copyright RSA Data Security, Inc.

* Their notice is reproduced below in its entirety.

* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All

* rights reserved.

* License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it

* is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest
* Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
* or this function.
* License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
* that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
* Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
* mentioning or referencing the derived work.
* RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
* the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
* software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
* without express or implied warranty of any kind.
* These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
* documentation and/or software.
* /

For the srclib\apr-util\include\apr_md4.h component:

* This is derived from material copyright RSA Data Security, Inc.

* Their notice is reproduced below in its entirety.

* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All

* rights reserved.
* License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it
* is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest
* Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
* or this function.

* License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
* that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
* Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
* mentioning or referencing the derived work.

* RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
* the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
* software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
* without express or implied warranty of any kind.

* These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this

* documentation and/or software.

* /

For the srclib\apr-util\test\testmd4.c component:

* This is derived from material copyright RSA Data Security, Inc.
* Their notice is reproduced below in its entirety.
*
* Copyright (C) 1990-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1990. All
* rights reserved.
*
* RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
* the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
* software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
* without express or implied warranty of any kind.
*
* These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
* documentation and/or software.
* /

For the srclib\apr-util\xml\expat\conftools\install-sh component:

#

# install - install a program, script, or datafile

# This comes from X11R5 (mit/util/scripts/install.sh).

#

# Copyright 1991 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

#

# Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its

# documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that

# the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that

# copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting

# documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or

# publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,

# written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the

# suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"

# without express or implied warranty.

#

For the srclib\pcre\install-sh component:

#

# Copyright 1991 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

#

# Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its

# documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that

# the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that

# copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting

# documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in advertising or

# publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,

# written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the

# suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"

# without express or implied warranty.

For the pcre component:

PCRE LICENCE

PCRE is a library of functions to support regular expressions whose syntax and semantics are as close as possible to those of the Perl 5 language.

Release 5 of PCRE is distributed under the terms of the "BSD" licence, as specified below. The documentation for PCRE, supplied in the "doc" directory, is distributed under the same terms as the software itself.

Written by: Philip Hazel [e-mail]

University of Cambridge Computing Service,

Cambridge, England. Phone: [phone].

Copyright (c) 1997-2004 University of Cambridge

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

* Neither the name of the University of Cambridge nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"

AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

End PCRE LICENCE

For the test\zb.c component:

/ *

ZeusBench V1.01

This program is Copyright (C) Zeus Technology Limited 1996.

This program may be used and copied freely providing this copyright notice

is not removed.

This software is provided "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall

Zeus Technology Ltd. be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damaged (including, but not limited to,

procurement of substitute good or services; loss of use, data, or profits;

or business interruption) however caused and on theory of liability. Whether

in contract, strict liability or tort (including negligence or otherwise)

arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the

possibility of such damage.

Written by Adam Twiss ([e-mail]). March 1996

Thanks to the following people for their input:

Mike Belshe ([e-mail])

Michael Campanella ([e-mail])

* /

For the expat xml parser component:

Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd and Clark Cooper

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the

"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

This Product includes libtecla software under below license

Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 by Martin C. Shepherd.

All rights reserved.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, provided that the above copyright notice(s) and this permission notice appear in all copies of the Software and that both the above copyright notice(s) and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder.

This Product includes libtorrent-rasterbar software under below license

Copyright (c) 2003 - 2007, Arvid Norberg

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Rasterbar Software nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This Product includes libupnp software under below license

Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Intel Corporation

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR

A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR

PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This Product includes libxml2 software under below license

Except where otherwise noted in the source code (e.g. the files hash.c,

list.c and the trio files, which are covered by a similar licence but

with different Copyright notices) all the files are:

Copyright (C) 1998-2003 Daniel Veillard. All Rights Reserved.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DANIEL VEILLARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of Daniel Veillard shall not

be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other deal-

ings in this Software without prior written authorization from him.

This Product includes ntp software under below license

Copyright (c) University of Delaware 1992-2010

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name University of Delaware not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. The University of Delaware makes no representations about the suitability this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

The following individuals contributed in part to the Network Time Protocol Distribution Version 4 and are acknowledged as authors of this work.

1. Mark Andrews mark95[e-mail] Leitch atomic clock controller
2. Bernd Altmeier [e-mail] hopf Elektronik serial line and PCI-bus devices

3. Viraj Bais [e-mail] and Clayton Kirkwood [e-mail] port to WindowsNT 3.5

4. Michael Barone michael,[e-mail] GPSVME fixes

5. Jean-Francois Boudreault [e-mail] IPv6 support

6. Karl Berry [e-mail] syslog to file option

7. Greg Brackley [e-mail] Major rework of WINNT port. Clean up recvbuf and iosignal code into separate modules.

8. Marc Brett [e-mail] Magnavox GPS clock driver

9. Piete Brooks [e-mail] MSF clock driver, Trimble PARSE support

10. Reg Clemens [e-mail] Oncore driver (Current maintainer)

11. Steve Clift [e-mail] OMEGA clock driver

12. Casey Crellin [e-mail] vxWorks (Tornado) port and help with target configuration

13. Sven Dietrich sven95[e-mail] Palisade reference clock driver, NT adj. residuals, integrated Greg's Winnt port.

14. John A. Dundas III [e-mail] Apple A/UX port

15. Torsten Duwe [e-mail] Linux port
16. Dennis Ferguson [e-mail] foundation code for NTP Version 2 as specified in RFC-1119
17. John Hay [e-mail] IPv6 support and testing
18. Dave Hart [e-mail] General maintenance, Windows port interpolation rewrite.
    19.Claas Hilbrecht [e-mail] NeoClock4X clock driver
19. Glenn Hollinger [e-mail] GOES clock driver
20. Mike Iglesias [e-mail] DEC Alpha port
    22.Jim Jagielski [e-mail] A/UX port
    23.Jeff Johnson [e-mail] massive prototyping overhaul
21. Hans Lambermont [e-mail] or [e-mail] ntpsweep
22. Poul-Henning Kamp [e-mail] Oncore driver (Original author)
23. Frank Kardel PARSE driver (>14 reference clocks), STREAMS modules for PARSE, support scripts, syslog cleanup, dynamic interface handling
24. William L. Jones [e-mail] RS/6000 AIX modifications, HPUX modifications
25. Dave Katz [e-mail] RS/6000 AlX port
    29.Craig Leres [e-mail] 4.4BSD port, ppsclock, Magnavox GPS clock driver
    30.George Lindholm [e-mail] SunOS 5.1 port
26. Louis A. Mamakos [e-mail] MD5-based authentication
27. Lars H. Mathiesen [e-mail] adaptation of foundation code for Version 3 as specified in RFC-1305

28. Danny Mayer [e-mail] Network I/O, Windows Port, Code Maintenance

29. David L. Mills [e-mail] Version 4 foundation: clock discipline, authentication, precision kernel; clock drivers: Spectracom, Austron, Arbiter, Heath, ATOM, ACTS, KSI/Odetics; audio clock drivers: CHU, WWV/H, IRIG

30. Wolfgang Moeller [e-mail] VMS port
    36.Jeffrey Mogul [e-mail] ntptrace utility
31. Tom Moore [e-mail] i386 svr4 port
32. Kamal A Mostafa < [e-mail]> SCO OpenServer port
33. Derek Mulcahy [e-mail] and Damon Hart-Davis [e-mail] ARCRON MSF clock driver
    40.Rob Neal [e-mail] Bancomm refclock and config/parse code maintenance
34. Rainer Pruy [e-mail] monitoring/trap scripts, statistics file handling
    42.Dirce Richards [e-mail] Digital UNIX V4.0 port
35. Wilfredo Sánchez [e-mail] added support for NetInfo
36. Nick Sayer [e-mail] SunOS streams modules
37. Jack Sasportas [e-mail] Saved a Lot of space on the stuff in the html/pic/ subdirectory
38. Ray Schnitzler [e-mail] Unixware1 port
39. Michael Shields [e-mail] USNO clock driver
    48.Jeff Steinman [e-mail] Datum PTS clock driver
40. Harlan Stenn [e-mail] GNU automake/autoconfigure makeover, various other bits (see the ChangeLog)
    50.Kenneth Stone [e-mail] HP-UX port
41. Ajit Thyagarajan [e-mail] IP multicast/anycast support
42. Tomoaki TSURUOKA [e-mail] TRAK clock driver

43. Paul A Vixie [e-mail] TrueTime GPS driver, generic TrueTime clock driver

44. Ulrich Windl [e-mail] corrected and validated HTML documents according to the HTML DTD

This Product includes pam software under below license

Unless otherwise * explicitly* stated the following text describes the licensed conditions under which the contents of this Linux-PAM release may be distributed:

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of Linux-PAM, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain any existing copyright notice, and this entire permission notice in its entirety, including the disclaimer of warranties.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce all prior and current copyright notices, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of any author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without their specific prior written permission.

ALTERNATIVELY, this product may be distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, in which case the provisions of the GNU GPL are required INSTEAD OF the above restrictions. (This clause is necessary due to a potential conflict between the GNU GPL and the restrictions contained in a BSD-style copyright.)

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS

OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This Product includes pure-ftpd software under below license

Pure-FTPd is covered by the following license :

/ *

* Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
* Frank Denis [e-mail] with the help of all Pure-FTPd contributors.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

*

* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES

* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR

* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN

* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF

* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

* /

This Product includes setsystz software under below license

/* setsystz: set the Linux kernel's idea of the time zone */

/* Copyright (c) 2007 David A. Madore, Public Domain */

This Product includes sqlite software under below license

SQLite Copyright

All of the deliverable code in SQLite has been dedicated to the public domain by the authors. All code authors, and representatives of the companies they work for, have signed affidavits dedicating their contributions to the public domain and originals of those signed affidavits are stored in a firesafe at the main offices of Hwaci. Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute the original SQLite code, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.

The previous paragraph applies to the deliverable code in SQLite - those parts of the SQLite library that you actually bundle and ship with a larger application. Portions of the documentation and some code used as part of the build process might fall under other licenses. The details here are unclear. We do not worry about the licensing of the documentation and build code so much because none of these things are part of the core deliverable SQLite library.

All of the deliverable code in SQLite has been written from scratch. No code has been taken from other projects or from the open internet. Every line of code can be traced back to its original author, and all of those authors have public domain dedications on file. So the SQLite code base is clean and is uncontaminated with licensed code from other projects.

Obtaining An Explicit License To Use SQLite

Even though SQLite is in the public domain and does not require a license, some users want to obtain a license anyway. Some reasons for obtaining a license include:

- You are using SQLite in a jurisdiction that does not recognize the public domain.

- You are using SQLite in a jurisdiction that does not recognize the right of an author to dedicate their work to the public domain.

• You want to hold a tangible legal document as evidence that you have the legal right to use and distribute SQLite.
• Your legal department tells you that you have to purchase a license.

If you feel like you really have to purchase a license for SQLite, Hwaci, the company that employs the architect and principal developers of SQLite, will sell you one.

Contributed Code

In order to keep SQLite completely free and unencumbered by copyright, all new contributors to the SQLite code base are asked to dedicate their contributions to the public domain. If you want to send a patch or enhancement for possible inclusion in the SQLite source tree, please accompany the patch with the following statement:

The author or authors of this code dedicate any and all copyright interest in this code to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this code under copyright law.

We are not able to accept patches or changes to SQLite that are not accompanied by a statement such as the above. In addition, if you make changes or enhancements as an employee, then a simple statement such as the above is insufficient. You must also send by surface mail a copyright release signed by a company officer. A signed original of the copyright release should be mailed to:

Hwaci

6200 Maple Cove Lane

Charlotte, NC 28269

USA

A template copyright release is available in PDF or HTML. You can use this release to make future changes

Copyright Release for

Contributions To SQLite

SQLite is software that implements an embeddable SQL database engine. SQLite is available for free download from http://www.sqlite.org/. The principal author and maintainer of SQLite has disclaimed all copyright interest in his contributions to SQLite and thus released his contributions into the public domain. In order to keep the SQLite software unencumbered by copyright claims, the principal author asks others who may from time to time contribute changes and enhancements to likewise disclaim their own individual copyright interest.

Because the SQLite software found at http://www.sqlite.org/ is in the public domain, anyone is free to download the SQLite software from that website, make changes to the software, use, distribute, or sell the modified software, under either the original name or under some new name, without any need to obtain permission, pay royalties, acknowledge the original source of the software, or in any other way compensate, identify, or notify the original authors. Nobody is in any way compelled to contribute their SQLite changes and enhancements back to the SQLite website. This document concerns only changes and enhancements to SQLite that are intentionally and deliberately contributed back to the SQLite website.

For the purposes of this document, "SQLite software" shall mean any computer source code, documentation, makefiles, test scripts, or other information that is published on the SQLite website, http://www.sqlite.org/. Precompiled binaries are excluded from the definition of "SQLite software" in this document because the process of compiling the software may introduce information from outside sources which is not properly a part of SQLite.

The header comments on the SQLite source files exhort the reader to share freely and to never take more than one gives. In the spirit of that exhortation I make the following declarations:

1. I dedicate to the public domain any and all copyright interest in the SQLite software that was publicly available on the SQLite website (http://www.sqlite.org/) prior to the date of the signature below and any changes or enhancements to the SQLite software that I may cause to be published on that website in the future. I make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of my heirs and successors. I intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to the SQLite software under copyright law.

2. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the changes and enhancements that I have contributed to SQLite are either originally written by me or are derived from prior works which I have verified are also in the public domain and are not subject to claims of copyright by other parties.

3. To the best of my knowledge and belief, no individual, business, organization, government, or other entity has any copyright interest in the SQLite software as it existed on the SQLite website as of the date on the signature line below.

4. I agree never to publish any additional information to the SQLite website (by CVS, email, scp, FTP, or any other means) unless that information is an original work of authorship by me or is derived from prior published versions of SQLite. I agree never to copy and paste code into the SQLite code base from other sources. I agree never to publish on the SQLite website any information that would violate a law or breach a contract.

Signature:

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This Product includes tz32 software under below license

== = asctime.c= == == == ==

** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

** 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.

== = asctime.c= == == == ==

== date.c == == == ==

/ *

* Copyright (c) 1985, 1987, 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
* provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
* duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,

* advertising materials, and other materials related to such
* distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
* by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
* University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

* /
== = difftime.c == ========
/* 

** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of ** 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.

** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of ** 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.

*/
============================
============ logwtmp.c ======
/* 

* Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California. * All rights reserved.

*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
* provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
* duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
* advertising materials, and other materials related to such
* distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
* by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
* University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

* /

** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

** 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.

** This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

** 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson.

This Product includes crypto++ software under below license

License

The License of Crypto++ is somewhat unusual amongst open source projects. A distinction is made between the library as a compilation (i.e., collection), which is copyrighted by Wei Dai, and the individual files in it, which are public domain (with the exception of mars.cpp which is subject to its own license, included in that file).

The library is copyrighted as a compilation in order to place certain disclaimers (regarding warranty, export, and patents) in the license and to keep the attributions and public domain declarations intact when Crypto++ is distributed in source code form. The fact that individual files are public domain means that legally you can place code segments, entire files, or small sets of files (up to the limit set by fair use) into your own project and do anything you want with them without worrying about the copyright.

Because one purpose of the project is to act as a repository of public domain (not copyrighted) cryptographic source code, the code in Crypto++ was either written specifically for this project by its contributors and placed in the public domain, or derived from other sources that are public domain (again with the exception of mars.cpp).

Compilation Copyright (c) 1995-2009 by Wei Dai. All rights reserved.

This copyright applies only to this software distribution package

as a compilation, and does not imply a copyright on any particular

file in the package.

The following files are copyrighted by their respective original authors,

and their use is subject to additional licenses included in these files.

mars.cpp - Copyright 1998 Brian Gladman.

All other files in this compilation are placed in the public domain by

Wei Dai and other contributors.

I would like to thank the following authors for placing their works into

the public domain:

Joan Daemen - 3way.cpp

Leonard Janke - cast.cpp, seal.cpp

Steve Reid - cast.cpp

Phil Karn - des.cpp

Andrew M. Kuchling - md2.cpp, md4.cpp

Colin Plumb - md5.cpp

Seal Woods - rc6.cpp

Chris Morgan - rijndael.cpp

Paulo Baretto - rijndael.cpp, skipjack.cpp, square.cpp

Richard De Moliner - safer.cpp

Matthew Skala - twofish.cpp

Kevin Springle - camellia.cpp, shacal2.cpp, ttmac.cpp, whrlpool.cpp, ripemd.cpp

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this compilation for any purpose, including commercial applications, is hereby granted without fee, subject to the following restrictions:

1. Any copy or modification of this compilation in any form, except in object code form as part of an application software, must include the above copyright notice and this license.

2. Users of this software agree that any modification or extension they provide to Wei Dai will be considered public domain and not

copyrighted unless it includes an explicit copyright notice.

1. Wei Dai makes no warranty or representation that the operation of the software in this compilation will be error-free, and Wei Dai is under no obligation to provide any services, by way of maintenance, update, or otherwise. THE SOFTWARE AND ANY DOCUMENTATION ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL WEI DAI OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

2. Users will not use Wei Dai or any other contributor's name in any publicity or advertising, without prior written consent in each case.

3. Export of this software from the United States may require a specific license from the United States Government. It is the responsibility of any person or organization contemplating export to obtain such a license before exporting.

4. Certain parts of this software may be protected by patents. It is the users' responsibility to obtain the appropriate licenses before using those parts.

If this compilation is used in object code form in an application software, acknowledgement of the author is not required but would be appreciated. The contribution of any useful modifications or extensions to Wei Dai is not required but would also be appreciated.

This Product includes wxWidgets software under below license

Licence

Background

wxWidgets is currently licensed under the "wxWindows Licence" pending approval of the "wxWidgets Licence" which will be identical apart from the name.

The wxWindows Licence is essentially the L-GPL (Library General Public Licence), with an exception stating that derived works in binary form may be distributed on the user's own terms. This is a solution that satisfies those who wish to produce GPL'ed software using wxWidgets, and also those producing proprietary software.

Participants in the discussion that led to this decision include the folk from Abisource, Robert Roebling, Julian Smart, Markus Fleck, Karsten Ballueder, and some advice from Richard Stallman. Richard has confirmed that the new licence is compatible with GPL'ed applications. However, there are no significant restrictions on proprietary applications.

The wxWindows Licence has been approved by the Open Source Initiative, and you can find the licence on their site here.

In August 2005, an ambiguity in Clause 2 was removed (replaced "the user's" with "your") and the version bumped to 3.1.

The wxWindows Library Licence

Copyright (c) 1998 Julian Smart, Robert Roebling [, ...]

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies

of this licence document, but changing it is not allowed.

WXWINDOWS LIBRARY LICENCE

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

under the terms of the GNU Library General Public Licence as published by

the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the Licence, or (at

your option) any later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library

General Public Licence for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public Licence

along with this software, usually in a file named COPYING.LIB. If not,

write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,

Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.

EXCEPTION NOTICE

1. As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give permission for additional uses of the text contained in this release of the library as licenced under the wxWindows Library Licence, applying either version 3 of the Licence, or (at your option) any later version of the Licence as published by the copyright holders of version 3 of the Licence document.
2. The exception is that you may use, copy, link, modify and distribute under the user's own terms, binary object code versions of works based on the Library.
3. If you copy code from files distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence or the GNU Library General Public Licence into a copy of this library, as this licence permits, the exception does not apply to the code that you add in this way. To avoid misleading anyone as to the status of such modified files, you must delete this exception notice from such code and/or adjust the licensing conditions notice

accordingly.

1. If you write modifications of your own for this library, it is your

choice whether to permit this exception to apply to your modifications.

If you do not wish that, you must delete the exception notice from such

code and/or adjust the licensing conditions notice accordingly.

This Product includes squeezeboxserver software under below license

SLIM DEVICES LICENSE NOTICE

Please be aware that not all software distributed by Slim Devices

is licensed under the GPL. If you wish to redistribute any of our

software, please be sure to first read the GPL, and then make sure

that you are only distributing materials which we've explicitly

licensed for such use. Feel free to contact us if you have any

questions, or would like permission to distribute our other non-GPL

programs. Also, be aware that standard copyright rules apply in any

case where no particular license is given.

Each of the software products we ship are licensed as follows:

- All of Squeezebox Server's perl code is licensed for redistribution

or inclusion in other software per version 2 of the GPL license,

included below for your convenience.

- SoftSqueeze is (c) Richard Titmuss and is licensed under GPL.

- The CODE2000 TrueType Font is (c) James Kass and is Shareware. See Graphics/CODE2000.HTM for more information.

- Certain integral components of Slim Server, such as CPAN modules, are (c) of their respective authors, and are included in Squeezebox Server per their respective licenses.

- Certain ancillary programs included in the Squeezebox Server distribution on our web site are licensed to us only for direct distribution to end-users. These include the Windows installer and Activestate binaries.

- Squeezebox firmware may not be redistributed under any circumstances. It is (c) Slim Devices, and additionally contains code which is (c) Ubicom. Ubicom's code is licenced to us only for direct distribution in binary form. You may use the firmware only on hardware manufactured by Slim Devices.

- SLIMP3 firmware is (c) Slim Devices, and source is available under the Slim Devices Public Source Licence, for certain educational and hobbyist uses. Please read the license carefully.

- Slim Devices logos, graphics, animations, and documentation are (c) Slim Devices and are not licensed for redistribution. When in doubt look for a GPL notice at the top of the file, or ask us for

written permission to redistribute, which we will grant for any reasonable purpose.

- Squeezebox2 firmware additionally contains the following code:

- Kiss FFT, Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Mark Borgerding, licensed under a modified BSD license (reproduced below).

- 16:16 fixed math routines, Copyright (c) 2001 Beartronics, licensed under the "Artistic License"

(http://www.opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license.html). Copies of modified source files can be found at

http://www.slimdevices.com/opensource/fixed_math.tar.gz.

- The following applies to Squeezebox2 distribution:

This product is protected by certain intellectual property rights of Microsoft Corporation. Use or distribution of such technology outside of this product is prohibited without a license from Microsoft or authorized Microsoft subsidiary.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that

you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

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1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;

and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

1. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under

these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

1. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to

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If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

1. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

2. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by

modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

1. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

2. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

1. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among

countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

1. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

1. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

1. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY

FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN

OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES

PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED

OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS

TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE

PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,

REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

1. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING

WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR

REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,

INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING

OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED

TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY

YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER

PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE

POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

#

Kiss FFT used under the following license:

Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Mark Borgerding

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the author nor the names of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#

The Code2000 font is copyright James Kass, distributed by permission of the author.

Details about Code2000 may be found in Graphics/CODE2000.HTM

This Product includes php software under below license

• PHP 4 and PHP 5 are distributed under the PHP License v3.01, copyright (c) the PHP Group.
• This is an Open Source license, certified by the Open Source Initiative.
• The PHP license is a BSD-style license which does not have the "copyleft" restrictions associated with GPL.
• Some files have been contributed under other (compatible) licenses and carry additional requirements and copyright information.
  This is indicated in the license + copyright comment block at the top of the source file.

- Practical Guidelines:

• Distributing PHP
• Contributing to PHP

The PHP License, version 3.01

Copyright (c) 1999 - 2009 The PHP Group. All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name "PHP" must not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission. For written permission, please contact [e-mail].
4. Products derived from this software may not be called "PHP", nor may "PHP" appear in their name, without prior written permission from [e-mail]. You may indicate that your software works in conjunction with PHP by saying "Foo for PHP" instead of calling it "PHP Foo" or "phpfoo"
5. The PHP Group may publish revised and/or new versions of the license from time to time. Each version will be given a distinguishing version number.

Once covered code has been published under a particular version of the license, you may always continue to use it under the terms of that version. You may also choose to use such covered code under the terms of any subsequent version of the license published by the PHP Group. No one other than the PHP Group has the right to modify the terms applicable to covered code created under this License.

1. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following acknowledgment:

"This product includes PHP software, freely available from http://www.php.net/software/".

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PHP DEVELOPMENT TEAM ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PHP DEVELOPMENT TEAM OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals on behalf of the PHP Group.

The PHP Group can be contacted via Email at [e-mail].

For more information on the PHP Group and the PHP project, please see http://www.php.net.

PHP includes the Zend Engine, freely available at http://www.zend.com.

This Product includes AutoXS-Header, Class-C3-XS, Class-XSAccessor, Class-XSAccessor-Array, Compress-Raw-Zlib, Digest-SHA1, EV, ExtUtils-Cbuilder, GD, HTML-Parser, JSON-XS, Module-Build, Sub-Name, Template-Toolkit and XML-Parser software under the same terms as Perl 's license

Perl5 is Copyright (C) 1993-2005, by Larry Wall and others.

It is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either:

a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version, or
b) the "Artistic License".

For those of you that choose to use the GNU General Public License, my interpretation of the GNU General Public License is that no Perl script falls under the terms of the GPL unless you explicitly put said script under the terms of the GPL yourself.

Furthermore, any object code linked with perl does not automatically fall under the terms of the GPL, provided such object code only adds definitions of subroutines and variables, and does not otherwise impair the resulting interpreter from executing any standard Perl script. I consider linking in C subroutines in this manner to be the moral equivalent of defining subroutines in the Perl language itself. You may sell such an object file as proprietary provided that you provide or offer to provide the Perl source, as specified by the GNU General Public License. (This is merely an alternate way of specifying input to the program.) You may also sell a binary produced by the dumping of a running Perl script that belongs to you, provided that you provide or offer to provide the Perl source as specified by the GPL. (The fact that a Perl interpreter and your code are in the same binary file is, in this case, a form of mere aggregation.)

This is my interpretation of the GPL. If you still have concerns or difficulties understanding my intent, feel free to contact me. Of course, the Artistic License spells all this out for your protection, so you may prefer to use that.

-- Larry Wall

This Product includes gd software under below license

Portions copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Funded under Grant P41-RR02188 by the National Institutes of Health.

Portions copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Boutell.Com, Inc.

Portions relating to GD2 format copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Philip Warner.

Portions relating to PNG copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Greg Roelofs.

Portions relating to gdttf.c copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 John Ellison ([e-mail]).

Portions relating to gdft.c copyright 2001, 2002 John Ellison ([e-mail]).

Portions copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Pierre-Alain Joye ([e-mail]).

Portions relating to JPEG and to color quantization copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, Doug Becker and copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, Thomas G. Lane. This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. See the file README-JPEG.TXT for more information.

Portions relating to WBMP copyright 2000, 2001, 2002 Maurice Szmurlo and Johan Van den Brande.

Permission has been granted to copy, distribute and modify gd in any context without fee, including a commercial application, provided that this notice is present in user-accessible supporting documentation.

This does not affect your ownership of the derived work itself, and

the intent is to assure proper credit for the authors of gd, not to interfere with your productive use of gd. If you have questions, ask. "Derived works" includes all programs that utilize the library. Credit must be given in user-accessible documentation.

This software is provided "AS IS." The copyright holders disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to this code and accompanying documentation.

Although their code does not appear in gd, the authors wish to thank David Koblas, David Rowley, and Hutchison Avenue Software Corporation for their prior contributions.

Notice

Information herein is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, except the express written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

(Insert the license term as below)

Legal Information

Copyright

Copyright © 2010 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.

Disclaimers

ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.

Do not use the NSA for illegal purposes. Illegal downloading or sharing of files can result in severe civil and criminal penalties. You are subject to the restrictions of copyright laws and any other applicable laws and will bear the consequences of any infringements thereof. ZyXEL bears NO responsibility or liability for your use of the download service feature.

Make sure all data and programs on the NSA are also stored elsewhere. ZyXEL is not responsible for any loss of or damage to any data, programs, or storage media resulting from the use, misuse, or disuse of this or any other ZyXEL product.

Certifications

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement

The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

Notices

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Viewing Certifications

1 Go to http://www.zyxel.com.
2 Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
3 Select the certification you wish to view from this page.

ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.

Note

Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied,

including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.

To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.

Registration

Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.

Appendix F Legal Information

Index

1. passive mode transfer 207

Numerics

3-D photo wall 62

A

access rights 67

Flickr 311

shares 337, 338

YouTube 315

activation

download service 206

Flickr/YouTube 306

FTP 200

FTP Uploadr 317

recycle bins 66, 336

web publishing 220

ANONYMOUS FTP 395

anonymous FTP access 201

application zone 68

applications 197, 305

auto upload

Flickr/YouTube 305

FTP Uploadr 316

broadcatching 199, 221

adding channels 206, 222, 223

channel guides 241

RSS 200

COPY/SYNC button 231

configuration 231

example 243

synchronization 244

download service 199, 234, 412

activation 206

adding a task 209

BitTorrent 199, 210, 234

configuration 206

link capture browser plugin 234

notifications 235

preferences 212

protection 236, 237

status 208

URL 210, 259

FTP 198, 200, 305

activation 200

anonymous access 201

passive mode transfer 201

media server 198, 202

configuration 202

iTunes server 198, 232, 233

print server 242

configuration 229

name 230

web publishing 199, 219, 240

activation 220

example 238

port number 240

archive 147

authorization

Flickr 307, 308

YouTube 312

auto upload

Flickr/YouTube 305

activation 306

authorization 307, 312

configuration 310, 312

FTP Uploadr 316

activation 317

bandwidth limit 320

configuration 319

server entry 318

grace period 311, 315, 320

B

backup 146, 147

archive 147

synchronization tutorial 150

tutorial 150

backup files

restoring files by 155

backup job

restoring files by 153

backup settings 352

bandwidth limit 320

BitTorrent 199

IP filtering 216, 217

protection 236, 237

re-seeding 207

settings 215

torrent files 210, 234

health 218

info-hash 219

trackers 219

broadcatching 199, 221

adding channels 206, 222, 223

channel guides 241

RSS 200

browser plugin, capturing link 234

browsers 53

browsing shares 63

C

capturing download links 234

certificate 354

editing 355

tutorial 130

verifying 140

changing password 55

channel guides 241

CIFS 165

configuration

COPY/SYNC button 231

download service 206

Flickr 310

FTP Uploadr 319

print server 229

recycle bins 339

YouTube 312, 313

Coollris 62

COPY/SYNC button 27, 231

configuration 231

example 243

synchronization 244

copying contents 342

CPU

temperature 163

usage 163

creating

groups 330, 331

shares 334, 336

users 322, 324

volumes 175, 178

D

data protection 181

date 167

diagnostic tool 189

diagnostic tools 189

discovery 31

disk

S.M.A.R.T. attributes 300

disk replacement 183

displaying user information 328

DLNA 198, 232

DNS 185, 189

Domain Name System, see DNS

domain user

troubleshooting 396

troubleshooting share access 396

download period control 214

download service 199, 234, 412

activation 206

adding a task 209

BitTorrent 199

IP filtering 216, 217

protection 236, 237

re-seeding 207

settings 215

torrent files 210, 234

configuration 206

download period control 214

link capture browser plugin 234

notifications 235

activation 206

preferences 212

status 208

URL, download service 210, 259

downloading files 65

duplexing 180

E

Exchangeable image file format, see Exif

Exif 61

explicit TLS/SSL 142

external volumes 178

F

fan speed 163

file

troubleshooting access 396

file browser

configure share 66

share browser 63

File Transfer Protocol over Explicit TLS, see FTPES

File Transfer Protocol over TLS, see FTPS

files

downloading 65

uploading 65

FileZilla 142

fingerprint 140

firmware, upgrading 356

Flickr 305

access rights 311

activation 306

authorization 307, 308

grace period 311

safety level 312

folder

troubleshooting access 396

folder creation 65

FTP 142, 198, 200, 305

activation 200

anonymous access 201

over TLS 142

passive mode transfer 201

FTP Uploadr 316

activation 317

bandwidth limit 320

configuration 319

grace period 320

server entry 318

FTPES 198

FTPES - FTP over explicit TLS/SSL 142

FTPS 142, 306

G

global icons 57, 71

GMT 168

Google Maps 61

GPS 61

grace period 311, 315, 320

group membership 327

groups 327, 329

adding 330, 331

editing 331

membership 331

names 332

searching 330

H

Home

icons 57

Home screens 56

HTTP port 189

HTTPS 136, 353

|

icons 57, 71, 74

global 57, 71

users 323

ID3 tags 203

initialization wizard 33

IP address 185

IP filtering 216, 217

iTunes server 198, 205, 232, 233

J

JBOD 176, 179

jumbo frames 186, 189

K

Ken Burns 70

L

lag, time 165

language 70

latitude 61

LEDs 26

link capture browser plugin 234

login 54

Logitech SqueezeCenter 205

logs 348

longitude 61

M

maintenance 343

backup settings 352

logs 348

power management 344, 412

failure 345

resume 345

schedule 346

UPS 345

reset 352

restoring settings 352

shutdown 357

upgrading firmware 356

master browser 166

media file troubleshooting 401

media server 198, 202

configuration 202

ID3 tags 203

iTunes server 198, 205, 233

rebuild database 202

share publish 203

SqueezeCenter 205

status 202

membership

groups 331

mirroring 180

moving contents 342

My Computer 46

N

naming

server 166

shares 67

volumes 177

workgroup 166

NAS Starter Utility 29, 53

add network drive 46

icon menu 49, 50

My Computer 46

network drive 46

navigation panel 72

network 185

diagnostic tools 189

DNS 185, 189

HTTP port 189

IP address 185

jumbo frames 186, 189

PPPoE 186, 195

activation 195

TCP/IP 187

network connection test 189

network drive 46

notifications

download service

activation 206

notifications, download service 235

P

passive mode transfer 201

password 55, 69

photo

slideshow 62

photo wall 62

ping 189

Play Next 70

playing videos 60

plugins 62

Coollris 62

QuickTime 57

VLC 57

Windows Media Player 57

port mapping 190

port, HTTP 189

power management 344, 412

failure 345

resume 345

schedule 346

UPS 345

PPPoE 186, 195

activation 195

preferences, download service 212

print server 242

configuration 229

name 230

protect 147

backup 146

backup tutorial 150

protection, download service 236, 237

public key certificate 354

editing 355

publishing shares 203

Q

Quick Time 57

quotas for users 326

R

RAID

degraded 181

RAID 0 179

RAID 1 179, 180, 181

recovering 183

replacing disks 183

resynchronization 183

rebuild media server database 202

recycle bins 339

activation 66, 336

configuration 334, 339

related documentation 3

replacing disks 183

reset 27, 352

restoring

by backup files tutorial 155

by backup job tutorial 153

files 153

restoring settings 352

RSS 200

download service notifications 235

S

S.M.A.R.T.

attributes 300

safety level, Flickr 312

schedule, power management 346

scheduling, download service 214

secure connections 136

server

Syslog 297

TFTP 299

server entry, FTP Uploadr 318

server name 166

setup

BitTorrent 215

COPY/SYNC button 231

download service 206

Flickr 310

FTP Uploadr 319

media server 202

print server 229

YouTube 312, 313

share

configuration 66

troubleshooting local user access 395

share publishing 203

shares 63, 333

access rights 67, 337, 338

adding 334, 336

browser 63

copying contents 342

downloading files 65

editing 336

folder creation 65

moving contents 342

names 67

recycle bins 334, 339

activation 336

configuration 339

share browser 334, 340

status 335

types 335

uploading files 65, 264, 340

shutdown 357

slideshow 62

SqueezeCenter 205

SSL 142, 353

certificate 354

editing 355

tutorial 130

status 71, 162

download service 208

shares 335

volume 173, 181

storage 171

creating volumes 175

disk replacement 183

JBOD 172, 176, 179

methods 179

duplexing 180

mirroring 180

naming volumes 177

RAID 172

degraded 181

RAID 0 179

RAID 1 179, 180, 181

recovering 183

resynchronization 183

status 173, 181

USB devices 178, 183

volumes 172

synchronization 231, 244

configuration 231

directions 232

single direction 244

tutorial 150

two directions 245

Syslog server 297

system

date/time 167

login 54

master browser 166

password 55

reset 27

server name 166

settings 165

status 162

time lag 165

workgroup name 166

system settings 69

T

TCP/IP 187

temperature

CPU 163

TFTP server 299

thumbprint 140

time 167

lag 165

server 168

zone 168

Time Machine 373

TLS 142, 198, 306

torrent files 210, 234

health 218

info-hash 219

trackers 219

Transport Layer Security, see TLS

troubleshooting

domain user 396

domain user share access 396

file access 396

files not in proper folders 59

folder access 396

forgot password 390, 391

LED indicators 386

LAN 388

local user share access 395

login 394

media files 401, 402

NAS Starter Utility 389

overview 385

user share access 394

Web Configurator access 391

mirroring 180

U

Universal Plug and Play. See UPnP.

upgrading firmware 356

uploading files 65, 264, 340

UPnP 190

port mapping 190

UPS 345

URL 210, 259

USB devices 178, 183

User Name 269

usernames 325

users 321

adding an account 322, 324

displaying information 323, 328

editing an account 324

group membership 327, 331

icons 323

quotas 326

search 322

usernames 325

utility

see NAS Starter Utility

V

video category, YouTube 315

video playback 60, 70

VLC 57

volumes 172

creation 175, 178

JBOD 172, 176, 179

names 177

RAID 172

degraded 181

RAID 0 179

RAID 1 179, 180, 181

recovering 183

resynchronization 183

status 173, 181

storage methods 179

duplexing 180

W

Web Configurator 53

icons 57

login 54

navigation panel 72

password 55, 69

status 71

web publishing 199, 219, 240

activation 220

example 238

port number 240

troubleshooting 405

web security 136

Windows 7 77

Windows Media Player 57

wizard 33

workgroup name 166

Y

YouTube 305

access rights 315

activation 306

authorization 312

configuration 312, 313

grace period 315

video category 315

Z

zPilot 45