Mopho - MIDI Keyboard Dave Smith - Free user manual and instructions

Type	Monophonic Analog Synthesizer Keyboard
Number of Keys	37 (mini keys)
Polyphony	1 voice (monophonic)
Oscillators	2 analog oscillators with sawtooth, triangle, pulse waves
Filter	4-pole analog low-pass filter with resonance
LFO	4 waveform LFO with sync and modulation destinations
Envelopes	3 ADSR envelopes (filter, amp, and aux)
Arpeggiator	Step arpeggiator with up to 16 steps
Effects	Built-in distortion effect
MIDI	MIDI In, Out, Thru (5-pin DIN)
CV/Gate	CV Out, Gate Out (1/4" TS)
Audio Outputs	1/4" TS left/mono, right, and headphone out
Power Supply	9V DC center-positive adapter (2.1mm barrel)
Dimensions (W x D x H)	22" x 10" x 3" (approx)
Weight	10 lbs (approx)
Presets	100 user programs
Display	16x2 LCD character display
Construction	Steel chassis with walnut end caps
Cleaning	Wipe with a dry, lint-free cloth. Avoid solvents.
Safety	Keep away from moisture and extreme temperatures. Use only recommended power adapter.
Repair	Contact authorized service center. No user-serviceable parts inside.

Frequently Asked Questions - Mopho Dave Smith

How do I connect the Mopho keyboard to my computer?

Use a standard MIDI interface: connect MIDI Out of the Mopho to MIDI In of the interface, and MIDI In of the Mopho to MIDI Out of the interface. Alternatively, use a USB-MIDI converter. Ensure drivers are installed if needed.

What power supply does the Mopho require?

It requires a 9V DC center-positive power adapter with a 2.1mm barrel plug and at least 500mA. Do not use a different voltage or polarity.

Can I save my own sounds on the Mopho?

Yes, the Mopho has 100 user program slots where you can save your patches. Use the write function to store current settings.

How do I perform a factory reset?

Hold down the Global button while powering on the unit. Then select 'Factory Reset' from the menu. Confirm to restore all settings and programs.

Does the Mopho have built-in effects?

Yes, it includes a distortion effect that can be applied to the audio output. It can be toggled via the front panel or MIDI CC.

What is the polyphony of the Mopho?

The Mopho is monophonic, meaning it can only play one note at a time. It is designed for bass leads and sequences.

Can I use the Mopho with Eurorack modular systems?

Yes, it has CV and Gate outputs that allow it to control modular synthesizers. The CV outputs 1V/octave.

How do I update the firmware?

Firmware updates are done via SysEx over MIDI. Download the latest firmware from the Sequential website, then send it using a MIDI utility software.

What type of keys does the Mopho keyboard have?

It has 37 mini keys (plastic, unweighted) with velocity and aftertouch sensitivity.

Is the Mopho compatible with other Dave Smith/Sequential gear?

Yes, it can sync and communicate via MIDI with other devices. It also works with the Mopho desktop module for expanded polyphony (when combined with a Tetra).

USER MANUAL Mopho Dave Smith

Dave Smith Instruments

1590 Sylvaner Avenue

Saint Helena, CA 94574-2340

USA

©2008-2009 Dave Smith Instruments

www.DaveSmithInstruments.com

Tested To Comply With FCC Standards FOR OFFICE USE

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) This device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

Getting Connected .... 3

Front Panel Controls ....5

Basic Operation....9

Global Parameters ...... 13

Program Parameters....15

Oscillator Parameters....15

Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters....16

Mixer Parameters ....17

Low-pass Filter Parameters....17

VCA Parameters....18

LFO Parameters....19

Envelope 3 Parameters....20

Modulation Parameters ......21

Push It Switch Parameters 22

Clock Parameters....23

Arpeggiator Parameters ....23

Sequence Parameters....24

Name Parameter 25

Modulation Destinations....26

Modulation Sources ....28

Parameter List....29

MIDI Implementation....30

MIDI Messages....30

NRPN Messages....33

Global Parameter Data....34

Program Parameter Data 35

Sysex Messages ....41

Packed Data Format....44

Hidden Functions 44

Quick Start

Thanks for purchasing your Mopho synthesizer! Listen to the sounds, twiddle some knobs, have some fun!

Please Register!

Please go to www.davesmithinstruments.com and register your synth. If you purchased directly from us, there is no need to register—we already have your contact information.

Powering Up

So, plug in the power supply, connect (in stereo!!) to your mixer/sound system, and start playing!

You can use the PUSH IT switch to trigger sounds without a keyboard. If you're using a MIDI keyboard, try applying keyboard pressure (aftertouch) and the mod wheel. Many sounds are fairly simple at first, then come alive when you use the controllers. With other sounds, you may need to hold the notes a while to let the sound unfold. Playing in different ways has a big effect on the programs.

Selecting and Editing Programs and Global Settings

You can use the increment and decrement (+ and -) switches to step through the programs. Hold them down briefly to increment or decrement the bank. There are 3 banks of 128 programs.

If you want to edit a program, just turn any knob. The new value will be displayed in the bottom line of the LCD (the top line displays the programmed value for handy reference).

After turning knobs, just hit PROGRAM MODE so the LCD goes back to the program/bank screen, allowing you to change programs again.

Press and hold the PROGRAM MODE switch briefly to display the Global menu and change higher level parameters such as MIDI channel number, Transpose/Detune, and so on. The PROGRAM knob changes the displayed page and increment and decrement change the values. These settings are remembered when the synth is turned off.

Summary

You should be up and running now; for more operation information, read on. Or, just look up specific parameters for detailed notes. Pages 26 through 28 contain a handy reference for mod destinations and sources. At some point you should

read through the manual to discover all the little features that you might not notice at first.

Don't forget you get a free editor for Mac OS or Windows with your purchase. Download it from www.soundtower.com/mopho.

I should mention that this manual does not include explanations of basic analog synthesizer functions. It assumes you already know what an oscillator is, how a low-pass filter affects the sound, what an ADSR envelope looks like, and so on.

Fortunately, these days it is quite easy to find such resources on the Internet. If you want to learn the lingo and the basics, just try a search in Google (or the search engine of your choice), something like “analog synthesizer tutorial.” You’ll find plenty of good reading material.

Have fun!

Dave Smith

Special thanks to:

Jeff Koepper, Andrew McGowan, Dave Polich, and Stefan Trippler. Thanks also to the authors of the Prophet '08 programs, many of which are used in Mopho.

Getting Connected

Mopho has several inputs and outputs on its back panel.

Power Input — Connect the power supply included with your Mopho. The power supply comes with different AC adaptor prongs that enable it to work almost anywhere in the world. If for whatever reason you need to use a different supply, it must match the specifications printed on the front panel.

Note: The power supply label says “Evolver” on it; we use the same supply for the mono Evolvers, the Prophets, and Tetra.

MIDI In — To receive MIDI data from another device, connect this to the other device's MIDI Out.

MIDI Out — To send MIDI data to another device, connect this to the other device's MIDI In. This output can also be configured as a MIDI Thru using the MIDI Out Select parameter in the Global menu.

Audio In — Mopho can be used as a signal processor. Audio is routed through the filter and envelopes and, when the signal level is high enough, a gate is generated. Audio can also be used to advance the sequencer when Seq Trigger is set to Audio In.

Note: Though Mopho can process external audio, it does not have a pitch detector, so the oscillators do not track the pitch of the source audio.

Audio Out — Mopho's unbalanced, stereo outputs.

Phones — A 1/4 inch stereo headphone jack.

Front Panel Controls

Input Gain — Used to adjust the gain of AUDIO IN. For more about using Mopho to process external audio, see page 11. For low-level sources (like guitars), INPUT GAIN should be turned up. For line-level sources, it will usually be turned down. Turning it down does not turn it off, it just decreases the gain. External Input Volume (see Mixer Parameters on page 17) controls the amount of signal that gets mixed into the filter and must be turned up for any audio—external or feedback—to be heard.

Note: The factory programs use a naming convention where “FB” indicates a program is designed to take advantage of the feedback capability. When nothing is plugged into the Audio In jack, the left Audio Output is normalled to the input. This provides a feedback path that will create some unique, wild sounds. INPUT GAIN is not a programmable control, so its position will have an effect on those programs. For most FB sounds, the INPUT GAIN should be set to minimum, and will get out of control (often nicely!) when turned up.

Program — Use PROGRAM to change and scroll through the programs. Also used to select parameters in Global mode.

Program Mode — Mopho has three modes of operation: program, edit, and global. When in program mode, the display shows the name, number, and bank of the current program. Editing any of the parameters puts Mopho into edit

mode and displays the last parameter edited and its stored and edited values. See Program Parameters starting on page 15 for more information.

Global mode is accessed by briefly holding down the PROGRAM MODE button. The Global menu is displayed. Use PROGRAM to change global parameters and the increment and decrement (+ and -) buttons to change the settings. See Global Parameters on page 13 for more information.

To return to program mode from edit or global mode, simply press PROGRAM MODE.

Write — Use WRITE to save an edited program to any of Mopho's 384 memory locations. To execute the write operation, press the increment (+) button. To cancel a write, press WRITE, decrement (-), or PROGRAM MODE. WRITE is also used to execute certain operations in the Global menu.

Note: You can store a program in a different location. After hitting the WRITE button, you can change the destination using the PROGRAM knob, and you can change banks by holding the increment (+) and decrement (-) buttons. Be careful changing the banks! If you hit the increment button quickly, it saves the program wherever you are at that point. If you want to change banks, just be sure to hold the button for a couple seconds.

Volume — Controls the volume of the left and right audio outputs and the headphone output.

Increment/Decrement — The increment and decrement (+ and -) controls are used to step through programs in program mode, to change values in the Global menu, and to confirm or cancel various operations. In edit mode they increase/decrease the parameter value. They are also used to select Mopho's three program banks. Hold increment briefly to switch to the next highest bank; hold decrement to switch to the next lowest bank.

Assignable Parameters 1-4 — Any of Mopho’s program parameters can be edited from the front panel using the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls and the assignments for the controls are saved per program, to best suit that program. In other words, the assignments for the controls can be completely different from one program to another.

Assign Parameters — When the ASSIGN PARAMETERS LED is lit, turn any of the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls to select from the list of program parameters. Press ASSIGN PARAMETERS again (turn the LED off) to use the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls to edit the selected parameters. For a description of the parameters, see Program Parameters beginning on page 15. For a list of the parameters, see page 29.

Pitch — Controls the base frequency of the two oscillators. The relative interval between the two oscillators is maintained, even when the extremes are reached.

Cutoff — Controls the filter cutoff.

Resonance — Controls filter resonance.

Note: The filter will only self oscillate when in 4-pole mode. See Low-pass Filter Parameters on page 17 for more information.

Attack — Simultaneously adjusts the attack portion of all envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.

Decay/Release — Simultaneously adjusts the decay and release portions of all envelope generators: filter, amplifier, and Envelope 3.

Push It! — The PUSH IT button is a manual trigger to play Mopho. It can trigger a specific note (at a specific velocity) or a gated sequence, latch notes or sequences on and off, and manually step through a sequence. For more information, see Program Parameters, beginning on page 15.

Basic Operation

In designing Mopho, the goal was to make a great sounding analog mono synth that was also affordable. Toward that end, we wanted to give players enough control over parameters to make it useful for performance, so we came up with a combination of “hard-wired” commonly used controls and user-assignable controls. Any of Mopho’s parameters can be edited in real time from the front panel controls. But we also recognize that may not be the quickest or easiest way to program sounds from scratch. A free editor is available for Mac OS and Windows that gives you access to all of Mopho’s program parameters simultaneously. Download it here: www.soundtower.com/mopho. Also, an advanced version of the editor with more features can be purchased from our Web site.

Note: Most of the Prophet '08's controls map directly to Mopho's controls, so if you have a Prophet '08, you can use it as a MIDI control surface for Mopho.

When Mopho first powers up, it is in Program mode. The top line of the LCD shows the Program (1...128) and Bank (1...3) number of the currently selected program, and the bottom line shows the 16-character name of the program. The PROGRAM knob changes the program. The program can also be changed by pressing the increment (+) or decrement (-) switches, respectively. To increment to the next bank, hold the increment switch briefly; to decrement to the previous bank, hold the decrement switch.

To edit a program, simply turn any knob. The ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS knobs have been preset to useful parameters for the factory programs. To change a knob's assignment, press ASSIGN PARAMETERS to light the LED. Turning any of the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS knobs now will scroll through the list of available parameters. Choose one or more parameters to edit and then press ASSIGN PARAMETERS again to exit the assignment mode (ASSIGN PARAMETERS LED should now be off). See Program Parameters on page 15 for a detailed list of all parameters and their functions. After editing parameters, press the PROGRAM MODE switch to exit edit mode and return to program mode.

Feedback

As you can see from the illustration on the following page, the left Audio Output is normalled to the Audio In. (This connection is broken when a plug is inserted in the Audio In.) Turning up the external input volume (ExtIn Vol parameter) will cause varying amounts of the audio output to be mixed back in pre-filter. For most purposes, small amounts of feedback are most useful and the resulting effect is similar to an overdrive distortion. Higher levels of feedback can get very squirrelly and rude (which may be exactly the effect you're looking for).

INPUT GAIN also affects the level of the feedback signal, so you'll typically want to start with INPUT GAIN turned down.

Several of the factory programs already have some level of feedback programmed in, as indicated by the letters “FB” following the name. To hear the effect of ExtIn Vol and INPUT GAIN, call up one of those programs and vary those parameters.

Audio In

Audio In can also be used to process an external audio source, to get access to the analog filter as a sound processor. In general, when using a line-level input, you will want the INPUT GAIN control set to minimum. When using a low-level source, such as an electric guitar, you'll need to turn up the INPUT GAIN to get sufficient signal level.

When processing external audio, you will first need to turn up the ExtIn Vol level in the Mixer. Otherwise no signal gets to the filter. Also note that the VCA needs to be open to hear the input. This can be done a number of ways:

1. Just turn up the VCA Level if you want the signal to go through continuously
2. Manually trigger the VCA envelope with the P USH IT button or a MIDI keyboard
3. Select AudioIn as the mode in the PushItSw parameter, which automatically gates the VCA envelope with an input signal greater than a fixed threshold

There are also numerous other ways of opening the VCA using modulation.

Saving a Program

To save a Program, press the WRITE switch and the following screen appears:

Write? P: xxx B: x
Hit: Inc if Yes 

Press the increment (+) switch to save the current program, or decrement (-) to cancel (or press the WRITE switch again). To store in a different location, use PROGRAM to select a new destination, and hold the increment or decrement switch to choose a different bank.

Global Parameters

Mopho's Global parameters affect all programs globally. Examples include MIDI channel and fine tune. To edit the Global parameters, hold down the PROGRAM MODE switch until Global Parameter is displayed. The PROGRAM knob changes the global parameter and the increment and decrement buttons change the value.

Transpose: -12...+12 — Master Transpose control, 0 is centered. Steps in semitones.

Fine Tune: -50...+50 — Master Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents = 1/2 semitone).

MIDI Channel: ALL, 1...16 — Selects which MIDI channel to send and receive data, 1 to 16. All receives on all 16 channels.

Clock: see table — Selects the MIDI clock status.

Display MIDI Clock Setting
Internal	MIDI clock is neither sent nor received
MIDI Out	MIDI clock is sent
MIDI In	MIDI clock is received
Midi In/Out	MIDI clock is received and transmitted

MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off — Changes to the values of Mopho's front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of parameters can also be turned off. See MIDI Implementation on page 30 for details.

Note: NRPNs are the preferred method of parameter transmission, since they cover the complete range of all parameters, while CCs only handle the main parameters.

MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off — Sets the method by which Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.

MIDI Control: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers, including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.

MIDI SysEx: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out. See Sysex Messages on page 41 for details.

Audio Out: Stereo, Mono — Mopho defaults to stereo operation. When set to Mono, this parameter defeats all pan settings and modulation, effectively making each of the outputs a mono output.

MIDI Out Select: Out, Thru — MIDI Out can be switched to MIDI Thru to daisychain multiple MIDI devices.

Basic Patch — Press the WRITE button to load a basic patch into the edit buffer. (The patch will not actually be written to the current program location unless intentionally written to memory in program mode using the WRITE button.)

Reset Globals — Mopho does not have a full hardware reset, but select this parameter and press WRITE to reset the global parameters to their factory defaults.

MIDI SysEx Dump: see table — Allows dumping of Programs in SysEx format via MIDI.

Display MIDI Transmit Operation
Current Program	Dump current program
Current Bank	Dump all 128 programs in current bank
All Banks	Dump all programs in all 3 banks

Press the WRITE switch to start transmission. This feature is handy for saving Programs on a computer in SysEx format, or for sending them to another Mopho via a direct MIDI connection. The dumps include Program and Bank numbers, so when received, the programs will be stored in the same location.

Program Parameters

All Program parameters can be edited using any of the ASSIGNABLE PARAMETERS controls. To assign a parameter to a control, press the ASSIGN PARAMETERS button to light the LED, and then turn any of the knobs (1 through 4) to select a parameter. A full list of the parameters can be found on page 29. The selected parameter and value appear in the LCD display. The top line of the LCD displays the programmed value for reference; the bottom line displays the edited value.

To then change the value of the parameter you selected, hit the ASSIGN PARAMETERS button again, and the same knob will now change the value. You can also use the increment and decrement switches to adjust parameter values. Press both switches at the same time to set the parameter to zero.

Note: Once you are done editing a program, before you save it, you should consider what parameters you want to access when playing the new program. Generally, when making a program, we try to assign each of the 4 knobs to a different parameter that makes sense for that particular program, providing extra live control.

Though it is certainly possible to perform detailed program generation and editing using these controls, it is usually much faster to use the free editor available for Mac OS or Windows. The minimal front panel of the Mopho is designed for fast, real-time changes in live performance.

Following are descriptions of each Mopho Program parameter.

Oscillator Parameters

Mopho has two analog oscillators. The basic controls for each oscillator are the same.

Note: There are additional modulation controls that can affect the pitch of Oscillators 1 and 2. These are covered in other sections of the Parameter definitions.

Osc Freq: C 0...C 10 — Sets the base oscillator frequency over a 10 octave range, from 8 Hz to 8KHz, stepping in semitones. C3 is middle C, the first octave is 0 (C0, C#0, etc.), the second octave is 1 (C1, C#1, etc.), and so on.

Fine Freq: -50...+50 — Fine Tune control; 0 centered. Steps in cents (50 cents = 1/2 semitone).

Shape: see table — Selects the oscillator waveshape as follows:

Display Waveshape
Osc Off	No output
Sawtooth	Sawtooth
Triangle	Triangle
Saw-Tri	Sawtooth — Triangle mix
Pulse xx	Pulse Wave, with pulse width ranging from minimum (0) to maximum (99). The pulse width will turn off at the two extremes — this allows some interesting modulation possibilities. A square wave will be at Pulse 50.

Glide: 0...127 — Sets the oscillator glide (portamento) rate. Glide can be set independently for each oscillator. Low values are faster. See “Glide Mode” below in Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters for additional Glide settings.

Keyboard: On, Off — Turns keyboard tracking for the oscillator on and off.

Sub Osc 1: 1...127 — Sub-oscillator 1 generates a square wave pitched one octave below oscillator 1. This parameter controls the level.

Sub Osc 2: 1...127 — Sub-oscillator 2 generates a square wave pitched two octaves below oscillator 2. This parameter controls the level.

Miscellaneous Oscillator Parameters

Sync 2->1: Off, On — Turns oscillator hard sync on. With sync on, whenever oscillator 2 resets, it will force oscillator 1 to reset for the classic hard sync sound.

Glide Mode: see table — Sets the way the oscillators respond to Glide settings.

Display Glide mode
FixRate	The Glide rate is fixed. The time to transition from one note to another varies depending upon the interval between the notes.
FixRate A	The same, but Glide is only applied when played legato; that is, when a new note is hit while another note is held.
FixTime	The Glide time is fixed. The time to transition from one note to another is the same, regardless of the interval.
FixTime A	The same, but Glide only is applied when played legato; that is, when a new note is hit while another note is held.

Osc Slop: 0...5 — The amount of random oscillator frequency slop. The analog oscillators in Mopho are very accurate, and will not drift. This works great for accurate sounds, and allows precise de-tuning. The Oscillator Slop parameter

allows subtle amounts of frequency drift. For larger amounts, use a random LFO or white noise mod.

Pitch Wheel Range: 0...12 — Sets the bend range, in semitones, of the pitch wheel. The setting is the range in the positive or negative direction. For example, a setting of 7 lets you bend a note up or down by a fifth.

Key Assign: see table — Determines how Mopho responds to keyed notes.

Display Key mode
Low Note	Low note priority
LowRetrig	Low note priority, re-trigger envelopes
HighNote	High note priority
HighRetrog	High note priority, re-trigger envelopes
LastNote	Last note hit priority
LastRetrog	Last note hit priority, re-trigger envelopes

Mixer Parameters

Osc Mix: 0...127 — Enables the outputs of Oscillators 1 and 2 to be mixed in varying amounts. A setting of 0 is equivalent to 100% Oscillator 1 and 0% Oscillator 2. A setting of 127 is just the opposite. A setting of 64 is essentially a 50-50 mix of both oscillators.

Noise Level: 0...127 — Controls the volume of white noise mixed into the filter.

Ext In Volume: 0...127 — Controls the level of external audio input mixed into the filter. This is used for processing other audio sources (guitars, recordings, etc.) through Mopho's analog electronics. This works in conjunction with the front panel's INPUT GAIN control.

Also, since the left channel of AUDIO OUT is normalled to AUDIO IN, this control sets the amount of Mopho's audio output returned to the audio input. Use this for crazy feedback sounds.

Low-pass Filter Parameters

Mopho utilizes a switchable, 2- or 4-pole analog low-pass filter coupled with a 4-stage (plus delay) ADSR envelope generator.

Frequency: 0...164 — Sets the base filter cutoff frequency over more than 13 octaves. This control steps in semitones.

Resonance: 0...127 — Sets the Resonance level of the filter. At high settings the filter will self-oscillate in 4-pole mode. If the filter does not oscillate, switch to 4-pole mode.

Keyboard Amount: 0...127 — Sets the amount of keyboard (MIDI note) to the filter cutoff. A setting of 64 will step the filter one semitone for each note, 32 would be half-semitones, and so on.

Audio Mod: 0...127 — Controls the amount of audio from Oscillator 1 used to modulate the filter cutoff frequency. For filter-only audio, set OSCILLATOR MIX to 127, OSCILLATOR 2 SHAPE to Off, and OSCILLATOR 1 SHAPE to the desired waveshape. This is useful for bell-like FM sounds. A wide range of sounds can also be made using AUDIO MOD with the oscillators routed normally through the filter.

Config: 2 Pole, 4 Pole — Selects either 2- or 4-pole operation for the filter.

Envelope Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the amount of filter envelope routed to the cutoff frequency. This can be positive or negative, allowing inverted envelope control of the filter.

Envelope Velocity: 0...127 — Amount of key velocity controlling the level of the filter envelope.

Delay: 0...127 — Sets a delay between the time the filter envelope is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.

Attack: 0...127 — Sets the Attack time of the filter ADSR envelope generator.

Decay: 0...127 — Sets the Decay time.

Sustain: 0...127 — Sets the Sustain level.

Release: 0...127 — Sets the Release time.

VCA Parameters

VCA Level: 0...127 — Sets a base level for the VCA (Voltage Controlled Amplifier). This allows the VCA to be essentially bypassed, which is necessary for Programs that drone.

Note: If VCA LEVEL is on full, Envelope Amount has no effect. You normally want VCA LEVEL set to zero. For droning sounds, or using the Mopho to process external audio, you will probably turn the VCA Level up.

Env Amount: 0...127 — Sets the amount of VCA envelope to the VCA level.

Env Velocity: 0...127 — Sets the amount of keyboard velocity controlling the level of the VCA envelope.

Delay: 0...127 — Sets a delay between the time the amplifier envelope is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.

Attack: 0...127 — Sets the Attack time of the VCA ADSR envelope generator.

Decay: 0...127 — Sets the Decay time.

Sustain: 0...127 — Sets the Sustain level.

Release: 0...127 — Sets the Release time.

Program Volume: 0...127 — Sets the volume of the current program to match volumes between programs.

Note: There is enough gain in the synth voice that with some settings, some mild clipping distortion may be heard. If this happens, try lowering the VOICE VOLUME, and/or the VCA ENVELOPE AMOUNT (or VCA VELOCITY AMOUNT).

LFO Parameters

Mopho has four Low Frequency Oscillators (LFOs). The same parameters are available for each.

Frequency: 0...150, sync — Sets the LFO frequency. Range 0-150 for un-synced LFO; speed ranges from slow (30 seconds) to very fast — at 90 (8 Hz, C-2) and above the speed steps in semitones, up to 150 (261 Hz, middle C).

Note: Some of the analog functions may not respond well to the fastest LFO speeds, due to speed limitations of the control voltages; but they will certainly generate some interesting sounds.

Above 150, the sync speeds are as follows:

Display Timing Sync
32 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 32; i.e. one LFO cycle takes 32 steps
16 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 16
8 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 8
6 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 6
4 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 4
3 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 3
2 Steps	Sequence speed divided by 2
1.5 Step	Sequence speed divided by 1.5
1 Step	One cycle per step
2/3 Step	Two cycles every three steps
1/2 Step	Two cycles per step
1/3 Step	Three cycles per step
1/4 Step	Four cycles per step
1/6 Step	Six cycles per step
1/8 Step	Eight cycles per step
1/16Step	Sixteen cycles per step

Shape: see table — Selects the LFO waveshape:

Display LFO Shape
Triangle	Triangle
Rev Saw	Reverse Sawtooth
Sawtooth	Sawtooth
Square	Square Wave
Random	Random — changes once per cycle for sample-and-hold effects

Amount: 0...100 — Sets the amount of LFO routed to the destination.

Key Sync: Off, On — When on, the LFO is re-started each time a new note is played. Key Sync is set independently on each LFO.

Destination — See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Envelope 3 Parameters

Envelope 3 is an auxiliary envelope for modulating various destinations. It can even be used as a sort of LFO using the Repeat parameter, which is unique to Envelope 3.

Destination — Sets the Envelope 3 destination. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the amount of Envelope 3.

Env Velocity: 0...127 — Sets the amount of key velocity controlling the level of envelope 3.

Env Delay: 0...127 — Sets a delay between the time Envelope 3 is triggered and when the Attack portion actually begins.

Env Attack: 0...127 — Sets the Attack time of Envelope 3.

Env Decay: 0...127 — Sets the Decay time.

Env Sustain: 0...127 — Sets the Sustain level.

Env Release: 0...127 — Sets the Release time.

Repeat: Off, On — When on, causes the delay, attack, decay, and sustain portions of Envelope 3 to loop for as long as the envelope is gated on.

Modulation Parameters

The Modulation Parameters let you configure the modulation routing and amount for Mopho's four general-purpose modulation slots as well as for MIDI controllers (Mod Wheel, Key Pressure, Breath Control, Velocity, and Foot Controller).

Since each Mopho mod source has a single destination, the four general purpose Mods provide a way to send a mod source (such as a sequence or LFO) to additional destinations, with a different amount. There are also additional mod sources available here, such as Noise, allowing a wide variety of possibilities.

To configure a general-purpose modulation slot, select the appropriate modulator (Mod 1, Mod 2, Mod 3, or Mod 4), and use the Source, Destination, and Amount parameters to route the modulation as desired.

To configure modulation for a standard MIDI controller, select the desired controller and amount, and then set the destination.

Source — Selects a modulation source. See Modulation Sources on page 28 for possible sources.

Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the amount of modulation.

Destination — Selects a modulation destination. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Mod Wheel Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 1 (mod wheel).

Mod Wheel Destination — Selects the destination to which the mod wheel is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Press Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Channel Pressure (aftertouch).

Press Destination — Selects the destination to which the Channel Pressure is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Breath Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 2 (breath controller).

Breath Destination — Selects the destination to which the breath control is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Veloc Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI note-on velocity.

Veloc Destination — Selects the destination to which the note-on velocity is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Foot Amount: -127...+127 — Sets the maximum amount of modulation that can be applied from MIDI Continuous Controller 4 (foot controller).

Foot Destination — Selects the destination to which the foot control is routed. See Modulation Destinations on page 26 for a list of possible destinations.

Push It Switch Parameters

These parameters determine the behavior of the PUSH IT switch, Mopho's manual trigger.

Note: C0...C10 — Sets the note that plays when PUSH IT is pressed.

Velocity: 0...127 — Sets the MIDI note-on velocity.

Mode: Normal, Toggle, Audio In — When set to Normal, PUSH IT responds like a key: press it and a note plays, release it and the note ends. But when set to Toggle, PUSH IT turns the note on with one press and off with a second press. This is handy for making a note drone or for latching a gated sequence on.

Somewhat related, the Audio In setting will generate a gate from the Audio Input. When the signal gets above a certain level, the gate will go on. When it drops below that level, the gate will go off.

Clock Parameters

The sequencer and arpeggiator share the BPM and CLOCK DIVIDE settings.

BPM: 30...250 — Sets the programmed tempo for the sequencer in BPM (beats per minute).

Clock Divide: see table — Sets the note value for each sequence step relative to the BPM.

Display Tempo Timing Division
Half	BPM/2	Half note
Quartr	BPM	Quarter note
Eighth	BPM x 2	Eighth note
8 half	BPM x 2	Eighth note, half swing timing
8swing	BPM x 2	Eighth note, full swing timing
8 trip	BPM x 3	Eighth note triplets
16th	BPM x 4	Sixteenth note
16half	BPM x 4	Sixteenth note, half swing timing
16swing	BPM x 4	Sixteenth note, full swing timing
16trip	BPM x 6	Sixteenth note triplets
32nd	BPM x 8	Thirty-second note
32trip	BPM x 12	Thirty-second note triplets
64trip	BPM x 24	Sixty-fourth note triplets

Arpeggiator Parameters

Mopho's arpeggiator has four different operating modes and can be synced to a MIDI clock source.

Note: If the arpeggiator does not seem to be working, check the GLOBAL parameters to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in order for the arpeggiator to run.

The tempo and note value are determined by the Clock Parameters.

Mode: see table — Sets the order in which the arpeggiator plays notes.

Display Arpeggiator mode
Up	Arpeggiated notes play in ascending order.
Down	Arpeggiated notes play in descending order.
Up Down	Arpeggiated notes play in alternately ascending and descending order.
Assign	Arpeggiated notes play in the order in which they were struck.

On/Off: Off, On — Turns the arpeggiator on and off. Turning it on will turn off the Sequencer if it is on.

Sequence Parameters

Mopho features a 4 x 16 “analog-style” step sequencer that can generate four separate sequence tracks of up to 16 steps each. Individual sequencer tracks can be routed to any standard modulation destination (see the table on page 26). Using VCA Envelope as a destination, for example, varies the volume of each step; a destination of Filter or Filter Envelope Amount will produce different filter settings per step. Typically, however, at least one sequence is routed to an oscillator to control pitch.

The sequencer is a “gated” sequencer. That is, a note must be played, either from the PUSH IT switch or via MIDI, in order for the sequence to be heard and it will continue to play as long as the note is held (gated).

Note: The PUSH IT switch's Toggle parameter enables notes (and, therefore, sequences) to be latched on for sustained playback.

The Clock Parameters determine the note value/tempo of the sequencer. The actual gate duration for each step is fixed at half the step time. Use the envelopes to generate notes of longer or shorter duration.

One very useful way to modulate a parameter in sync with a sequence is using LFOs with sync; LFO frequency runs from 0 to 150, after which you can select the sync settings. A setting of 16 Steps for LFO Frequency with a Triangle wave selected and routed to the filter will provide a clean filter sweep over a 16 step sequence, perfectly in sync! This is much easier (and smoother) than programming a filter sweep using sequence steps.

Note: If the sequencer does not seem to be working, check the GLOBAL settings to make sure Clock is set to Internal. If Clock is set to use an external clock source, Mopho must be receiving MIDI clock messages in order for the sequencer to run.

Seq Trigger: see table — Sets the triggering mode for the Gated Sequencer.

Display Trigger mode
Normal	Sequence plays from the first step when a key is held, and resets to step 1 each time a new note is played. Each sequence step retriggers the envelopes.
No Reset	The same, but does not reset to step 1 on every note.
No Gate	The keyboard triggers the envelopes; the sequence steps do not.
NoGateNR	Same, but does not reset with subsequent notes.
Key Step	Striking a key advances the sequencer one step.
Audio In	Steps the sequencer whenever the external audio input gets over a certain level.

On/Off: Off, On — Turns the sequencer on and off.

Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Destinations — Sets the destination for each of the four sequence tracks. For a complete list, see Modulation Destinations on page 26.

Seq 1, 2, 3, or 4 Steps: C0...D5+ or 0...125, Reset, Rest — Sets each step value for each of the four sequence tracks. The values are displayed as both relative note values and as simple numerical values. Note values are displayed in quarter tones with a plus sign (+) indicating that the pitch is a quarter tone higher than the displayed note number. The two highest values are Reset and Rest. Reset causes the sequence to reset to the first step, enabling sequences of fewer than 16 steps or even sequences in which the tracks are different lengths. Rest inserts a rest on the selected step.

Name Parameter

Edit Name — The lower LCD line displays the name of the Program with the active character blinking. When ASSIGN PARAMETERS is lit, the parameter control changes the position of the active character. When ASSIGN PARAMETERS is not lit, the parameter control steps through all the available characters for the active character. The increment and decrement buttons also change the character.

Modulation Destinations

Display Destination

Off	No destination selected
Osc 1 Freq	Oscillator 1 Frequency
Osc 2 Freq	Oscillator 2 Frequency
OscAllFreq	Oscillator 1 and 2 Frequency
Osc Mix	Oscillator Mix
NoiseLevel	Noise Level
Osc1 PulsW	Oscillator 1 Pulse Width
Osc2 PulsW	Oscillator 2 Pulse Width
Osc All PW	All Oscillators Pulse Width
Low Pass	Lowpass Filter Frequency
Resonance	Resonance
Audio Mod	Audio Mod Amount
VCA Level	VCA Amount
Output Pan	Stereo Pan Position
LFO 1 Freq	LFO 1 Frequency
LFO 2 Freq	LFO 2 Frequency
LFO 3 Freq	LFO 3 Frequency
LFO 4 Freq	LFO 4 Frequency
LFOA11Freq	All LFO Frequencies
LFO 1 Amt	LFO 1 Amount
LFO 2 Amt	LFO 2 Amount
LFO 3 Amt	LFO 3 Amount
LFO 4 Amt	LFO 4 Amount
LFOA11 Amt	All LFO Amounts
Env 1 Amt	Envelope 1 Amount (Level)
Env 2 Amt	Envelope 2 Amount (Level)
Env 3 Amt	Envelope 3 Amount (Level)
EnvA11 Amt	All Envelope Amounts (Levels)
Env1Attack	Envelope 1 Attack Rate
Env2Attack	Envelope 2 Attack Rate
Env3Attack	Envelope 3 Attack Rate
EnvA11 Att	All Envelope Attack Rates
Env1 Decay	Envelope 1 Decay Rate
Env2 Decay	Envelope 2 Decay Rate
Env3 Decay	Envelope 3 Decay Rate
EnvA11 Dec	All Envelope Decay Rates
Env1Releas	Envelope 1 Release Rate
Env2Releas	Envelope 2 Release Rate
Env3Releas	Envelope 3 Release Rate
EnvAll Rel	All Envelope Release Rates
Mod 1 Amt	Modulator 1 Amount
Mod 2 Amt	Modulator 2 Amount
Mod 3 Amt	Modulator 3 Amount
Mod 4 Amt	Modulator 4 Amount
AudioInVol	Mixer Audio In Volume
Sub Osc 1	Sub Oscillator 1 Level
Sub Osc 2	Sub Oscillator 2 Level

Modulation Sources

Display Source

Off	No source selected
Sequence1	Sequence 1
Sequence2	Sequence 2
Sequence3	Sequence 3
Sequence4	Sequence 4
LFO 1	LFO 1
LFO 2	LFO 2
LFO 3	LFO 3
LFO 4	LFO 4
Filt Env1	Filter Envelope
VCA Env 2	Amp (VCA) Envelope
Envelope3	Envelope 3
PitchBend	Pitch Bend
Mod Wheel	Mod Wheel
Pressure	Pressure (Aftertouch)
MidBreath	MIDI — Breath Controller
Midi Foot	MIDI — Foot Controller
Midi Exp	MIDI — Expression
Velocity	Keyboard Note Velocity
KeyNumber	Keyboard Note Number
Noise	Noise
EnvFollow	Audio In Envelope Follower
Peak Hold	Audio In Peak Hold

Parameter List

Osc 1 Frequency

Osc 1 Fine Freq

Oscillator 1 Shape

Oscillator 1 Glide

Osc 1 Key Track

Sub Osc 1 Level

Osc 2 Frequency

Osc 2 Fine Freq

Oscillator 2 Shape

Oscillator 2 Glide

Osc 2 Key Track

Sub Osc 2 Level

Osc Hard Sync

Glide Mode

Oscillator Slop

Pitch Wheel Range

Key Assign

Oscillator Mix

Noise Level

Ext In Volume

Filter Cutoff Freq

Filter Resonance

Filter Keyboard Amt

Filter Audio Mod

Filter Config/Mode

Filter Env Amount

Filter Env Velocity

Filter Env Delay

Filter Env Attack

Filter Env Decay

Filter Env Sustain

Filter Env Release

VCA Level

VCA Env Amount

VCA Env Velocity

VCA Env Delay

VCA Env Attack

VCA Env Decay

VCA Env Sustain

VCA Env Release

Program Volume

LFO 1 Frequency

LFO 1 Shape

LFO 1 Amount

LFO 1 Destination

LFO 1 Key Sync

LFO 2 Frequency

LFO 2 Shape

LFO 2 Amount

LFO 2 Destination

LFO 2 Key Sync

LFO 3 Frequency

LFO 3 Shape

LFO 3 Amount

LFO 3 Destination

LFO 3 Key Sync

LFO 4 Frequency

LFO 4 Shape

LFO 4 Amount

LFO 4 Destination

LFO 4 Key Sync

Env 3 Desination

Envelope 3 Amount

Envelope 3 Velocity

Envelope 3 Delay

Envelope 3 Attack

Envelope 3 Decay

Envelope 3 Sustain

Envelope 3 Release

Envelope 3 Repeat

Mod 1 Source

Mod 1 Amount

Mod 1 Destination

Mod 2 Source

Mod 2 Amount

Mod 2 Destination

Mod 3 Source

Mod 3 Amount

Mod 3 Destination

Mod 4 Source

Mod 4 Amount

Mod 4 Destination

Mod Wheel Amount

Mod Wheel Dest

Pressure Amount

Pressure Destination

Breath Amount

Breath Destination

Velocity Amount

Velocity Destination

Foot Control Amt

Foot Control Dest

Push It Note

Push It Velocity

Push It Mode

Clock BPM

Clock Divide

Arpeggiator Mode

Arpeggiator On/Off

Sequence Trigger

Sequencer On/Off

Seq 1 Destination

Seq 2 Destination

Seq 3 Destination

Seq 4 Destination

Seq 1 Steps 1 - 16

Seq 2 Steps 1 - 16

Seq 3 Steps 1 - 16

Seq 4 Steps 1 - 16

Edit Name

MIDI Implementation

Mopho receives MIDI data according to the mode controls under GLOBAL. In addition, there is interaction between some of the Program parameters that determine the overall response of Mopho to MIDI data.

Following are the Global parameters that affect response to MIDI:

MIDI Channel: ALL, 1...16 — Selects the MIDI channel to send and receive data, 1 to 16. All receives on any channel.

Clock: see table — Selects the MIDI clock status as follows:

Display MIDI Clock Setting
Internal	MIDI clock is neither sent nor received
MIDI Out	MIDI clock is sent
MIDI In	MIDI clock is received
MIDIn/Out	MIDI clock is received and transmitted

MIDI Parameter Send: NRPN, CC, Off — Changes to the values of Mopho's front panel controls are transmitted via MIDI as Non-registered Parameter Number (NRPN) controllers or as Continuous Controllers (CC). Transmission of parameters can also be turned off.

MIDI Parameter Receive: All, NRPN, CC, Off — Sets the method by which Mopho receives parameter changes via MIDI. As with transmission, NRPNs are the preferred method, though some controllers may only be able to send CCs.

MIDI Control: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to MIDI controllers, including Pitch Wheel, Mod Wheel, Pedal, Breath, Volume, and Expression.

MIDI SysEx: Off, On — When On, the synth will respond to received MIDI SysEx messages, and will transmit them, when prompted, to the MIDI Out.

MIDI Messages

System Real-time Messages

Status Description

1111 1000 MIDI Timing Clock

Received Channel Messages

Status Second Third Description

1000 nnnn	0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvv	Note Off. Velocity is ignored
1001 nnnn	0kkkkkkk	0vvvvvvv	Note On. Note off if vvvvvvv = 0
1010 nnnn	0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv Polyphonic Key Pressure
1011 nnnn	0vvvvvvv	0vvvvvvv	Control Change; see “Received Controller Messages” table following
1100 nnnn	0ppppppp		Program change, 0-127 for Programs 1-128 within current Bank
1101 nnnn	0vvvvvvv		Channel Pressure
1110 nnnn	0vvvvvvv	0vvvvvvv	Pitch Bend LS Byte then MS Byte

Notes: 0kkkkkkk Note number 0 — 127
nnnn Channel number 0 to 15 (MIDI channel 1-16). Ignored if MIDI
channel set to ALL
0vvvvvvv
Value

Received Controller Messages

Status	Second	Third	Description
1011	nnnn	1	0vvvvvvv	Mod Wheel — directly assignable controller
1011	nnnn	2	0vvvvvvv	Breath Controller — directly assignable controller
1011	nnnn	4	0vvvvvvv	Foot Controller — directly assignable controller
1011	nnnn	7	0vvvvvvv	Volume — Combined with Master Volume and Voice Volume
1011	nnnn	74	0vvvvvvv	Brightness — Added to low-pass filter cutoff frequency
1011	nnnn	11	0vvvvvvv	Expression Controller — directly assignable controller
1011	nnnn	32	0vvvvvvv	Bank Select — 0 - 2 select banks 1 - 3; others ignored
1011	nnnn	64	0vvvvvvv	Damper pedal — holds envelopes in Sustain if 0100 0000 or higher
1011	nnnn	123	0vvvvvvv	All Notes Off — clear all MIDI notes
1011	nnnn	121	0vvvvvvv	Reset All Controllers — clears all MIDI controllers to 0, MIDI volume to maximum

See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Non-registered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages received.

Transmitted Channel Messages

Status	Second	Third	Description
1100	nnnn	0ppppppp

Transmitted Controller Messages

Status Second Third Description

1011 nnnn 0000 0111 0vvvvvv Volume knob

1011 nnnn 0010 0000 0vvvvvvv Bank Select — 0 to 2

See sections below for additional Continuous Controller (CC) and Non-registered Parameter Number (NRPN) messages transmitted.

Additional Continuous Controllers (CCs) Transmitted/Received

The following table details how CCs are mapped onto Mopho's controls. They are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to CC in Global, and recognized when received when MIDI Parameter Receive is set to either CC or All in Global.

Parameter CC#

Osc 1 Frequency 20

Osc 1 Freq Fine 21

Osc 1 Shape 22

Glide 1

23

Osc 2 Frequency 24

Osc 2 Freq Fine 25

Osc 2 Shape 26

Glide 2

27

Osc Mix

28

Noise Level 29

Sub Oscillator 1

30

Sub Oscillator 2

31

Filter Frequency

102

Resonance

103

Filter Key Amt

104

Filter Audio Mod

105

Filter Env Amt

106

Filter Env Vel Amt 107

Filter Delay

108

Filter Attack

109

Filter Decay

110

Filter Sustain

111

Parameter CC#

Filter Release

112

VCA Level

113

Amp Env Amt

115

Amp Velocity Amt

116

Amp Delay 117

Amp Attack

118

Amp Decay

119

Amp Sustain

75

Amp Release

76

Env 3 Destination

85

Env 3 Amt

86

Env 3 Velocity Amt

87

Env 3 Delay

88

Env 3 Attack

89

Env 3 Decay

90

Env 3 Sustain

77

Env 3 Release

78

BPM

14

Clock Divide

15

NRPN Messages

The Non-Registered Parameter Number (NRPN) MIDI messages are used to transmit and receive both global and program parameters. They are transmitted when MIDI Parameter Send is set to NRPN in Global, and received when MIDI Parameter Receive is set to either NRPN or All in Global.

The messages are handled in standard MIDI format using the NRPN CC commands in running status byte format. Below is the format used for transmitting a NRPN parameter:

Transmitted NRPN Messages

Status Description

1011 nnnn Control Change

0110 0011 NRPN parameter number MSB CC

0vvv vvvv Parameter Number MSB

0110 0010 NRPN parameter number LSB CC

0vvv vvvv Parameter Number LSB

0000 0110 NRPN parameter value MSB CC

0vvv vvvv Parameter value MSB

0010 0110 NRPN parameter value LSB CC

0vvv vvvv Parameter value LSB

The parameter number can be found in the two tables below, one for Global parameters, and the other for Program parameters. The parameter numbers and the parameter values are broken into two 7-bit bytes for MIDI transmission; the LSB has the seven least-significant bits, and the MSB has the seven most-significant bits, though in most cases the MSB will be zero or one, and never more than two.

When receiving an NRPN, all messages do not necessarily need to be transmitted, since the synth will track the most recent NRPN number, though it is usually good practice to send the entire message above.

Once an NRPN is selected, the synth will also respond to NRPN Data Increment and Decrement commands, which some controllers utilize. Finally, it responds to one RPN (Registered Parameter Number) command, the RPN/NRPN Reset command, which can be handy for resetting the currently selected parameter to a known state.

Received NRPN Messages

Status	Second	Third	Description
1011	nnnn	0110	0011 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter number MSB CC
1011	nnnn	0110	0010 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter number LSB CC
1011	nnnn	0000	0110 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter value MSB CC
1011	nnnn	0010	0110 0vvvvvvv NRPN parameter value LSB CC
1011	nnnn	0110	0000 0xxxxxxx	NRPN parameter value Increment
1011	nnnn	0110	0001 0xxxxxxx	NRPN parameter value Decrement
1011	nnnn	0010	0101 0111111 RPN parameter number MSB CC — Reset NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and LSB received)
1011	nnnn	0010	0100 0111111	RPN parameter number LSB CC — Reset NRPN parameter number (when both MSB and LSB received)

Global Parameter Data

The following table shows the Global data that is sent and received on global parameter dumps, and the corresponding NRPN number when sent/received individually.

Param	NRPN	Range	Description
0	384	0 - 24	Master Transpose; 0 = -12 semitones (1 octave), 12 = 0 (no transpose), and 24 = +12 semitones.
1	385	0 - 100	Master Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0 (centered), 100 = +50 cents
2	386	0 - 16	MIDI Channel; if = 0, data received on all MIDI channels. Otherwise = channel number 1 - 16.
3 388 0 - 3 MIDI clock select			0 Use Internal clock, don't send MIDI clock1 Use Internal clock, send MIDI clock2 Use MIDI clock In3 Use MIDI clock In, and retransmit MIDI clock out
4 390 0 - 2 Parameter Send:			0 NRPN1 CC2 Off
5 391 0 - 3 Parameter Receive:			0 All1 NRPN only2 CC only3 Off
6 394 0 - 1 MIDI Controller Send/Receive Off/On
7 395 0 - 1 MIDI Sysex Send/Receive Off/On

8 405 0 - 1 Audio Out:
	0 Stereo
	1 Mono

9	406	0 - 1	MIDI Out Select:
			0 MIDI Out
			1 MIDI Thru

Program Parameter Data

The following table lists Mopho's voice parameters. The parameter number in the program and edit buffer dumps are different than the NRPN numbers as seen; this was to maintain NRPN compatibility with the Prophet '08 as much as possible.

Param	NRPN	Range	Description
0		0	0 - 120 Oscillator 1 Frequency, 0 - 120 in semitones (10 octave range)
1	1	0 - 100 Oscillator 1 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0(centered), 100 = + 50 cents
2	2	0-103 Oscillator 1 Shape	0 Oscillator Off1 Sawtooth2 Triangle3 Sawtooth/triangle mix4 - 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 - 99
3	3	0 - 127 Oscillator 1 Glide
4	4	0 - 1 Oscillator 1 Keyboard Off/On
5	114	0 - 127 Sub Oscillator 1 Level
6		5	0 - 120 Oscillator 2 Frequency, 0 - 120 in semitones (10 octave range)
7	6	0 - 100 Oscillator 2 Fine Tune; 0 = -50 cents, 50 = 0(centered), 100 = + 50 cents
8	7	0 - 103 Oscillator 2 Shape	0Oscillator Off1 Sawtooth2 Triangle3 Sawtooth/triangle mix4 - 103 Pulse Wave, Pulse width 0 - 99
9	8	0 - 127 Oscillator 2 Glide
10	9	0 - 1 Oscillator 2 Keyboard Off/On
11		115	0 - 127 Sub Oscillator 2 Level
12	10	0 - 1 Sync off/on
13	11	0 - 3 Glide Mode:	0 fixed rate1 fixed rate auto2 fixed time3 fixed time auto
14	12	0 - 5 Oscillator Slop
15	93	0 - 12 Pitch Bend Range

16 96 0 - 5 Key Assign Mode:

Low note priority

Low note priority with re-trigger

High note priority

High note priority with re-trigger

Last note hit priority

Last note hit priority with re-trigger

17 13 0 - 127 Oscillator 1 - 2 Mix

18 14 0 - 127 Noise Level

19 116 0 - 127 External Audio Input Level

20 15 0 - 164 Filter Frequency, steps in semitones

21 16 0 - 127 Resonance

22 17 0 - 127 Filter Keyboard Amount

23 18 0 - 127 Filter Audio Modulation

24 19 0 - 1 Filter Poles 0: 2-pole; 1: 4-pole

25 20 0 - 254 Filter Envelope Amount; -127 to +127

26 21 0 - 127 Filter Envelope Velocity Amount

27 22 0 - 127 Filter Envelope Delay

28 23 0 - 127 Filter Envelope Attack

29 24 0 - 127 Filter Envelope Decay

30 25 0 - 127 Filter Envelope Sustain

31 26 0 - 127 Filter Envelope Release

32 27 0 - 127 VCA Initial Level

33 30 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Amount

34 31 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Velocity Amount

35 32 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Delay

36 33 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Attack

37 34 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Decay

38 35 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Sustain

39 36 0 - 127 VCA Envelope Release

40 29 0 - 127 Voice Volume

41 37 0 - 166 LFO 1 Frequency; 0 - 150 un-synced frequencies

151 Sequence speed divided by 32

152 Sequence speed divided by 16

153 Sequence speed divided by 8

154 Sequence speed divided by 6

155 Sequence speed divided by 4

156 Sequence speed divided by 3

157 Sequence speed divided by 2

158 Sequence speed divided by 1.5

159 One cycle per step

160 Two cycles per three steps

161 Two cycles per step

162 Three cycles per step

163 Four cycles per step

164 Six cycles per step

			165 Eight cycles per step166 Sixteen cycles per step
42 38	0 - 4 LFO 1 Shape		0 Triangle1 Reverse Sawtooth2 Sawtooth3 Pulse (square)4 Random
43 39	0 - 127 LFO 1 Amount
44	40	0 - 46	LFO 1 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
45 41	0 - 1 LFO 1 Key Sync Off/On
46 42	0 - 166 LFO 2 Frequency; same as LFO 1
47 43	0 - 4 LFO 2 Shape; same as LFO 1
48 44	0 - 127 LFO 2 Amount
49	45	0 - 46	LFO 2 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
50 46	0 - 1 LFO 2 Key Sync Off/On
51 47	0 - 166 LFO 3 Frequency; same as LFO 1
52 48	0 - 4 LFO 3 Shape; same as LFO 1
53 49	0 - 127 LFO 3 Amount
54	50	0 - 46	LFO 3 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
55 51	0 - 1 LFO 3 Key Sync Off/On
56 52	0 - 166 LFO 4 Frequency; same as LFO 1
57 53	0 - 4 LFO 4 Shape; same as LFO 1
58 54	0 - 127 LFO 4 Amount
59	55	0 - 46	LFO 4 Mod Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
60 56	0 - 1 LFO 4 Key Sync Off/On
61	57	0 - 46	Envelope 3 Mod Destination; See Mod Destination list below
62 58	0 - 254 Envelope 3 Amount; -127 to +127
63 59	0 - 127 Envelope 3 Velocity Amount
64 60	0 - 127 Envelope 3 Delay
65 61	0 - 127 Envelope 3 Attack
66 62	0 - 127 Envelope 3 Decay
67 63	0 - 127 Envelope 3 Sustain
68 64	0 - 127 Envelope 3 Release
69 98	0 - 1 Envelope 3 Repeat Off/On
70	65	0 - 22	Mod 1 Source; See Modulation Source list below
71 66	0 - 254 Mod 1 Amount; -127 to +127
72	67	0 - 46	Mod 1 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
73	68	0 - 22	Mod 2 Source; See Modulation Source list below
74 69	0 - 254 Mod 2 Amount; -127 to +127
75	70	0 - 46	Mod 2 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
76	71	0 - 22	Mod 3 Source; See Modulation Source list below
77 72	0 - 254	Mod3 Amount; -127 to +127
78	73	0 - 46	Mod 3 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
79	74	0 - 22	Mod 4 Source; See Modulation Source list below
80 75	0 - 254	Mod 4 Amount; -127 to +127
81	76	0 - 46	Mod 4 Destination; See Modulation Destination list below
82 81	0 - 254	Mod Wheel Amount; -127 to +127
83	82	0 - 46	Mod Wheel Destination; See ModDestination list below
84 83	0 - 254	Pressure Amount; -127 to +127
85	84	0 - 46	Pressure Destination; See ModDestination list below
86 85	0 - 254	Breath Amount; -127 to +127
87	86	0 - 46	Breath Destination; See ModDestination list below
88 87	0 - 254	Velocity Amount; -127 to +127
89	88	0 - 46	Velocity Destination; See ModDestination list below
90 89	0 - 254	Foot Control Amount; -127 to +127
91	90	0 - 46	Foot Control Destination; See ModDestination list below
92 111	0 - 120	Push It Switch Note Number
93 112	0 - 127	Push It Switch Velocity
94 113	0 - 2 Push It Switch Mode:
95 91	30 - 250 BPM tempo
96 92	0 - 12		Clock Divide:
			0 Half Note
			1 Quarter Note
			2 Eighth Note
			3 Eighth Note half swing
			4 Eighth Note full swing
			5 Eighth Note triplets
			6 Sixteenth Note
			7 Sixteenth Note half swing
			8 Sixteenth Note full swing
			9 Sixteenth Note triplets
			10 Thirty-second Notes
			11 Thirty-second Notes triplets
			12 Sixty-Fourth note triplets
97 97	0 - 3 Arpeggiator Mode:
			0 Up
			1 Down
			2 Up/Down
			3 Assign
98 100	0 - 1 Arpeggiator; Off/On
99 94	0 - 5 Sequencer Trigger:
			0 Normal
			1 Normal, no reset
			2 No gate
			3 No gate/no reset
			4 Key Step
			5 Audio In
100 101	0 - 1 Gated Sequencer; Off/On
101	77	0 - 46	Sequence 1 Destination; See ModDestination list below
102	78	0 - 46	Sequence 2 Destination; See ModDestination list below
103	79	0 - 46	Sequence 3 Destination; See ModDestination list below
104 80	0 - 46		Sequence 4 Destination; See ModDestination list below
105 105	0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 1
106 106	0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 2
107 107	0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 3
108 108	0 - 183 Assignable Parameter 4
109 - 119	Unused
120 - 135	120 - 135 0 - 127 Sequence Track1, steps 1-16
	136 - 151	136 - 151 0 - 126 Sequence Track 2, steps 1-16
	152 - 167	152 - 167 0 - 126 Sequence Track 3, steps 1-16

The following tables list the values used with the program parameters to specify modulation destinations and sources.

Mod Destinations Value
Off 0
Osc 1 Freq 1
Osc 2 Freq 2
Osc 1 and 2 Freq 3
Osc Mix 4
Noise Level 5
Osc 1 Pulse Width 6
Osc 2 Pulse Width 7
Osc 1 and 2 Pulse Width 8
Filter Frequency 9
Resonance 10
Filter Audio Mod Amt 11
VCA Level 12
Pan Spread 13
LFO 1 Freq 14
LFO 2 Freq 15
LFO 3 Freq 16
LFO 4 Freq 17
All LFO Freq 18
LFO 1 Amt	19
LFO 2 Amt	20
LFO 3 Amt	21
LFO 3 Amt	22
All LFO Amt	23
Filter Env Amt	24
Amp Env Amt	25
Env 3 Amt	26
All Env Amounts	27
Env 1 Attack	28
Env 2 Attack	29
Env 3 Attack	30
All Env Attacks	31
Env 1 Decay 32
Env 2 Decay 33
Env 3 Decay 34
All Env Decays	35
Env 1 Release	36
Env 2 Release	37
Env 3 Release	38
All Env Releases	39

Mod 1 Amt 40

Mod 2 Amt 41

Mod 3 Amt 42

Mod 4 Amt 43

External Audio In Level 44

Sub Osc 1 Level 45

Sub Osc 2 Level 46

Mod Sources Value

Off 0

Sequence Track 1 1

Sequence Track 2 2

Sequence Track 3 3

Sequence Track 4 4

LFO 1 5

LFO 2 6

LFO 3 7

LFO 4 8

Filter Envelope 9

Amp Envelope 10

Envelope 3 11

Pitch Bend 12

Mod Wheel 13

Pressure 14

MIDI Breath 15

MIDI Foot 16

MIDI Expression 17

Velocity

Note Number

Noise

Audio In Envelope Fo

Audio In Peak Hold

Sysex Messages

Universal System Exclusive Message (Device Inquiry)

Status	Description
1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0111 1110	Non-realtime message
0vvv vvvv	If MIDI channel is set to 1 - 16, 0vvvvvv must match (unless MIDI Channel = ALL); always responds if 0vvvvvv = 0111 1111.
0000 0110	Inquiry Message
0000 0001	Inquiry Request
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho responds with:

Status	Description
1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0111 1110	Non-realtime message
0vvv vvvv	If MIDI Channel = ALL, 0vvvvvvv = 0111 1111. Otherwise 0vvvvvvv = Channel Number 0 - 15.
0000 0110	Inquiry Message
0000 0010	Inquiry Reply
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID (Family LS)
0000 0001	Family MS
0000 0000	Family Member LS
0000 0000	Family Member MS
0jjj nnnn	Main Software version: jjj - Minor rev; nnnn - Major rev
0000 0000	Zero Byte
0000 0000	Zero Byte
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Request Program Dump

Status Description

1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID
0000 0101	Request Program Transmit
0000 00vv	Bank Number, 0 - 2
0vvv vvvv	Program Number, 0 - 127
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the Program Data in the format described below in Program Data Dump.

Request Program Edit Buffer Dump

Status Description

1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID
0000 0110	Request Program Edit Buffer Transmit
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the current Program edit buffer in the format described below in Program Edit Buffer Data Dump.

Request Global Parameter Dump

Status Description

1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID
0000 1110	Request Global Parameter Transmit
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Mopho will respond by sending out the current values of Global Parameters in the format described below in Global Parameters Data Dump.

Program Data Dump

Status Description

1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID
0000 0010	Program Data
0000 00vv	Bank Number, 0 - 2
0vvv vvvv	Program Number, 0 - 127
0vvv vvvv	256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see page 44.)
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Program Edit Buffer Data Dump

Status Description

1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID
0000 0011	Edit Buffer Data
0vvv vvvv	256 bytes expanded to 293 MIDI bytes in “packed MS bit” format (see page 44.)
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Global Parameters Data Dump

Status Description

1111 0000	System Exclusive (SysEx)
0000 0001	DSI ID
0010 0101	Mopho ID
0000 1111	Main Parameter Data
0vvv vvvv	20 nibbles (LS then MS) for 10 Global parameters. Global Parameters are listed starting on page 34.
1111 0111	End of Exclusive (EOX)

Note: The Global Parameters Data Dump is not recognized when received; it is only transmitted when requested. NRPN messages are used to change Globals.

Packed Data Format

Data is packed in 8 byte “packets”, with the MS bit stripped from 7 parameter bytes, and packed into an eighth byte, which is sent at the start of the 8 byte packet.

Example:

Input Data

Packed MIDI data

1

A7

A6

A5

A4

A3

A2

A1

A0

1

00

G7

F7

E7

D7

C7

B7

A7

2

B7

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1

B0

2

00

A6

A5

A4

A3

A2

A1

A0

3

C7

C6

C5

C4

C3

C2

C1

C0

3

00

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1

B0

4

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

4

00

C6

C5

C4

C3

C2

C1

C0

5

E7

E6

E5

E4

E3

E2

E1

E0

5

00

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

6

F7

F6

F5

F4

F3

F2

F1

F0

6

00

E6

E5

E4

E3

E2

E1

E0

7

G7

G6

G5

G4

G3

G2

G1

G0

7

00

F6

F5

F4

F3

F2

F1

F0

8

00

G6

G5

G4

G3

G2

G1

G0

This explains why it takes 293 MIDI bytes to transmit 256 Program data bytes.

Hidden Functions

Hold the ASSIGN PARAMETER switch and hit the + / increment switch to calibrate the low-pass filter and analog oscillator waveshapes. This should not be necessary for normal operation.

Another (literally) hidden function: Carefully insert a small, standard screwdriver into the hole in the bottom panel to adjust the LCD contrast.

Dave Smith Instruments

1210 Cabrillo Hwy N

Half Moon Bay, CA 94019-1449

USA

www.DaveSmithInstruments.com