MCP73830L - Contrôleur de charge de batterie Microchip - Free user manual and instructions

USER MANUAL MCP73830L Microchip

Single-Cell Li-Ion/Li-Polymer Battery Charge Management Controllers in 2x2 TDFN

Features:

- Complete Linear Charge Management Controller:

• Integrated pass transistor
• Integrated current sense
• Integrated Reverse Discharge Protection

- Constant-Current/Constant Voltage Operation

• High-Accuracy Preset Voltage Regulation:

- 4.20V + 0.75%

- Programmable Charge Current:

- MCP73830L: 20 mA-200 mA

- MCP73830: 100 mA-1000 mA

- Soft Start to Avoid Inrush Current

- Preconditioning:

- 10% and no preconditioning

• Fixed Elapsed Timer: 4 Hours

• Fixed Preconditioning Timer: 1 Hour

• Automatic Recharge: No Auto-Recharge is also Available with Selected Options

• Automatic End-of-Charge (EOC) Control Termination:

- 7.5% and 10%

• Automatic Power-Down when Input Power Removed

• Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)

- Chip/Charge Enable Pin (CE)

- Packaging:

- TDFN-6 (2x2 mm)

• Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C

Applications:

• Bluetooth Headsets
• Portable Media Players
• Rechargeable 3D Glasses
  • Toy and Gaming Controllers

Description:

The MCP73830/L are highly integrated, Li-Ion battery charge management controllers for use in space-limited applications. The MCP73830/L devices provide specific charge algorithms for single-cell Li-Ion/Li-Polymer batteries to achieve optimal capacity and safety in the shortest charging time possible. Along with its small physical size, the low number of external components makes the MCP73830/L ideally suitable for portable applications.

The MCP73830L employs a constant-current/constant voltage charge algorithm. The minimum 20 mA regulated constant, fast charge current enables the design in small Li-Ion batteries and low supply current applications. The fast charge, constant-current value is set with one external resistor, from 20 mA to 200 mA. The MCP73830 allows up to 1000 mA charge current for applications that require faster constant current.

The MCP73830/L devices provide a thermal foldback function that limits the charge current, based on die temperature during high-power or high-ambient conditions. This thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability.

The MCP73830/L devices are fully specified over the ambient temperature range of -40^ to +85^ . The MCP73830/L is available in a 6 lead, TDFN package.

Package Types (Top View)

MCP73830/L 2x2 TDFN * VSS 1 6 PROG STAT 2 EP 5 CE VBAT 3 7 4 VDD * Includes Exposed Thermal Pad (EP); see Table 3-1.

TABLE 1: AVAILABLE FACTORY PRESET OPTIONS

Charge Voltage Preconditioning Charge Current End-of-Charge Control Auto-Recharge
4.2V 10%/Disabled 7.5%/10% Yes/No

Typical Application

MCP73830/L Regulated Wall Cube 4.7 µF V_DD V_BAT STAT PROG 2 kΩ 3 6 4.7 µF 2 kΩ 1-Cell Li-Ion Battery Lo Hi 5 CE V_SS 1 -

Functional Block Diagram

graph TD
    A["Direction Control"] --> B["G = 0.001"]
    B --> C["CA"]
    C --> D["V_REF"]
    D --> E["PRECONDITION"]
    E --> F["V_REF"]
    F --> G["CHRG"]
    G --> H["V_REF"]
    H --> I["VA"]
    I --> J["V_REF"]
    J --> K["TERM"]
    K --> L["V_REF"]
    L --> M["UVLO"]
    M --> N["UVLO, Reference, Charge Control, Timer and Status Logic"]
    N --> O["STAT"]
    N --> P["CE"]
    N --> Q["V_SS"]
    R["V_BAT"] --> S["PROG"]
    T["V_DD"] --> U["Ground"]
    V["V_REF"] --> W["Ground"]
    X["V_DD"] --> Y["Ground"]

1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Absolute Maximum Ratings†

V_DD, V_BAT 7.0V
All Inputs and Outputs w.r.t. V_SS .....-0.3 to (V_DD + 0.3)V
Maximum Junction Temperature, T_J .....Internally Limited
Storage temperature -65^ to +150^
ESD protection on all pins
Human Body Model (1.5 kΩ in Series with 100 pF).....≥2 kV
Machine Model (200 pF, No Series Resistance) .....300V

† Notice: Stresses above those listed under “Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

DC CHARACTERISTICS

Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 0.3V] to 6V, T_A = -40°C to +85°C . Typical values are at +25°C, V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1.0V] .
Parameters Sym.	Min. Typ. Max.	Units Conditions
Supply Input
Input Voltage Range	V_DD	3.75	—	6	V
Supply Current	I_SS	—	0.6	2	μA	Shutdown; V_DD ≤ V_STOP - 300 mV
		—	500	900 μA	Charging
		—	25	50	μA	Standby; CE = V_DD
Battery Discharge Current
Output Reverse Leakage Current	I_DISCHARGE	—	10	15	μA	Charge Complete; V_DD is Present
		—	0.5	—	μA	Shutdown( V_DD ≤ V_BAT or V_DD < V_STOP )
		—	0.5	—	μA	Standby; CE = V_DD
Undervoltage Lockout
UVLO Start Threshold	V_START	3.45	3.6	3.75	V	V_DD Low-to-High
UVLO Stop Threshold	V_STOP	3.15	3.3	3.45	V	V_DD High-to-Low
UVLO Hysteresis	V_HYS	—	300	—	mV
Voltage Regulation (Constant Voltage Mode)
Regulated Output Voltage Options	V_REG	—	4.20	—	V	V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1V]; I_OUT = 30 mA
Output Voltage Tolerance	V_RTOL	-0.75	—	0.75	%	T_A = -5°C to +55°C
Line Regulation	|( V_BAT/V_BAT)/ V_DD|	—	0.2	0.3	%/V	V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1V] to 6V; I_OUT = 30 mA
Load Regulation	| V_BAT/V_BAT|	—	0.2	0.3	%	I_OUT = 30 mA - 150 mA; V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1V]
Supply Ripple Attenuation	PSRR	—	52	—	dB	I_OUT = 30 mA; 10 Hz to 1 kHz
		—	47	—	dB	I_OUT = 30 mA; 10 Hz to 10 kHz
Parameters	Sym.	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Units	Conditions
Current Regulation (Fast Charge, Constant-Current Mode)
Fast Charge Current RegulationMCP73830L	I_REG	20 —	200 mA
		— 20	— mA PROG = 10 kΩ
		— 200	— mA PROG = 1 kΩ
Fast Charge Current RegulationMCP73830	I_REG	100 —	1000 mA
		— 100	— mA PROG = 10 kΩ
		— 1000	— mA PROG = 1 kΩ
Charge Current Tolerance	I_RTOL	—	10	—	%	V_DD=4.5V; T_A=-5°C to +55°C
Preconditioning Current Regulation (Trickle Charge Constant Current Mode)
Precondition Current Ratio	I_PREG/I_REG	—	10	—	%	PROG = 1 kΩ to 10 kΩ
		— 100	— % No Preconditioning
Precondition Voltage Threshold Ratio	V_PTH/V_REG	70	72	75	%	V_BAT Low-to-High; T_A=-5°C to +55°C
Precondition Hysteresis	V_PHYS	— 100	— mV
Charge Termination
Charge Termination Current Ratio	I_TERM/I_REG	5.6	7.5	9.4	%	PROG = 1 kΩ to 10 kΩ; V_DD=4.5V; T_A=-5°C to +55°C
		8	10	12	%
Automatic Recharge
Recharge Voltage Threshold Ratio	V_RTH/V_REG	94.5	96.5	98.5	%	V_BAT High-to-Low
		—	0	—	%	No Automatic Recharge
Pass Transistor On-Resistance
On-Resistance	R_DSON	— 500	— mΩ V			DD=4.5V; T_J=+105°C (Note 1)
Status Indicator - STAT
Sink Current	I_SINK	—	16	30	mA
Low Output Voltage	V_OL	—	0.4	1	V	I_SINK=4 mA
Input Leakage Current	I_LK	—	0.01	1	μA	High Impedance; V_DD on Pin
PROG Input
Charge Impedance Range	R_PROG	1	—	10	kΩ
Automatic Power-Down
Automatic Power- Down Entry Threshold	V_PDENTRY	—	V_BAT+50 mV	—	V	V_DD Falling
Automatic Power-Down Exit Threshold	V_PDEXIT	—	V_BAT+150 mV	—	V	V_DD Rising
Charge Enable (CE)
Input High-Voltage Level	V_IH	1.5	——	V
Input Low-Voltage Level	V_IL	—	—	0.8	V
Input Leakage Current	I_LK	—	5	8	μA	V_DD=5V; T_A=-5°C to +55°C
Thermal Shutdown
Die Temperature T	SD	— 150	— °C
Die Temperature Hysteresis	T_SDHYS	—	1	0	—	°C

Note 1: Not production tested. Ensured by design.

AC CHARACTERISTICS

Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise specified, all limits apply for V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 0.3V] to 6V, T_A = -40°C to +85°C . Typical values are at +25°C , V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1.0V] .
Parameters Sym. Min.	Typ. Max.	Units Con	ditions
Elapsed Timer
Elapsed Timer Period	t_ELAPSED	3.5	4.0	4.5 Hours
Preconditioning Timer
Preconditioning Timer Period	t_PRECHG	0.8	1	1.2	Hours
Status Indicator
Status Output Turn-Off	t_OFF	—	—	500	μs	I_SINK = 1 mA to 0 mA (Note 1)
Status Output Turn-On	t_ON	—	—	500	μs	I_SINK = 0 mA to 1 mA (Note 1)

Note 1: Not production tested. Ensured by design.

TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS

Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 0.3V] to 6V. Typical values are at +25°C, V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1.0V] .
Parameters	Sym.	Min.	Typ.	Max.	Units	Conditions
Temperature Ranges
Specified Temperature Range	T_A	-40	—	+85	°C
Operating Temperature Range	T_J	-40	—+1	25°C
Storage Temperature Range	T_A	-65	—+1	50°C
Thermal Package Resistances
Thermal Resistance, TDFN-6 (2x2) θ	JA	—	91	—	°C/W	4-Layer JC51-7 Standard Board, Natural Convection
	_JC	—	19	—	°C/W

2.0 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES

Note: The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range.

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1V] , I_OUT = 30 mA and T_A = +25^ , Constant Voltage mode.

FIGURE 2-1: Battery Regulation Voltage ( V_BAT ) vs. Supply Voltage ( V_DD ).

FIGURE 2-4: Battery Regulation Voltage ( V_BAT ) vs. Charge Current ( I_OUT ).

FIGURE 2-2: Battery Regulation Voltage ( V_BAT ) vs. Ambient Temperature ( T_A ).

FIGURE 2-5: Charge Current (I OUT) vs. Programming Resistor ( R_PROG ), MCP73830L.

FIGURE 2-3: Battery Regulation Voltage ( V_BAT ) vs. Ambient Temperature ( T_A ).

FIGURE 2-6: Output Leakage Current ( I_DISCHARGE ) vs. Ambient Temperature ( T_A ).

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, V_DD = [V_REG(Typical) + 1V] , I_OUT = 10 mA and T_A = +25^ , Constant Voltage mode.

FIGURE 2-7: Output Leakage Current ( I_DISCHARGE ) vs. Ambient Temperature ( T_A ).

FIGURE 2-10: Charge Current (I OUT) vs. Ambient Temperature ( T_A ), MCP73830.

FIGURE 2-8: Output Leakage Current ( I_DISCHARGE ) vs. Battery Regulation Voltage ( V_BAT ).

FIGURE 2-11: Charge Current (I OUT) vs. Supply Voltage ( V_DD ), MCP73830.

FIGURE 2-9: Charge Current (I OUT) vs. Ambient Temperature ( T_A ), MCP73830.

FIGURE 2-12: Charge Current (I OUT) vs. Supply Voltage ( V_DD ), MCP73830.

3.0 PIN DESCRIPTION

The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1.

TABLE 3-1: PIN FUNCTION TABLE

MCP73830/L	Symbol I/O	Function
TDFN
1	V_SS	— Battery management 0V reference.
2 STAT	O Battery charge status output.
3	V_BAT	I/O	Charge control output. Regulates the charge current and battery voltage. The pin is disconnected during Shutdown mode.
4	V_DD	I	Input power supply.
5		I	Charge enable pin. Pull the pin high to disable the device; it is internally pulled down. Leave the pin floating if not used.
6	PROG	I/O	Battery charge current regulation program.
7	EP	— Exposed pad.

3.1 Battery Management 0V Reference ( V_SS )

Connect to the negative terminal of the battery and input supply.

3.2 Status Output (STAT)

STAT is an open-drain logic output for connection to an LED for charge status indication in stand-alone applications. Alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the status output during a charge cycle.

3.3 Battery Charge Control Output ( V_BAT )

Connect to the positive terminal of the battery. Bypass to V_SS with a minimum of 1 F to ensure loop stability when the battery is disconnected.

3.4 Battery Management Input Supply ( V_DD )

A supply voltage of [V_REG (Typical) + 0.3V] to 6.0V is recommended. Bypass to V_SS with a minimum of 1 F.

3.5 Charge Enable (CE)

The MCP73830/L devices are always enabled with an internal pull-down resistor. Pulling the CE pin high will enter Standby mode.

3.6 Current Regulation Set (PROG)

The fast charge current is set by placing a resistor from PROG to V_SS during Constant-Current (CC) mode.

Refer to Section 5.4 "Constant-Current Mode – Fast Charge" for details.

3.7 Exposed Pad (EP)

The Exposed Thermal Pad (EP) should be connected to the exposed copper area on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for thermal enhancement purposes. Additional vias on the copper area under the MCP73830/L devices can improve the performance of heat dissipation and simplify the assembly process.

4.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW

The MCP73830/L devices are simple, but fully integrated, linear charge management controllers.

Figure 4-1 depicts the operational flow algorithm.

graph TD
    A["SHUTDOWN MODE\nV_DD < (UVLO)\nV_DD < (V_BAT)*\nV_BAT > 96.5% V_REG\nSTAT = High-Z"] --> B["STANDBY MODE*\nCE̅ = High\nSTAT = High-Z"]
    B --> C["PRECONDITIONING MODE\nCharge Current = I_REG\nSTAT = Low"]
    C --> D["CONSTANT-CURRENT MODE\nCharge Current = I_PREG\nSTAT = Low\nPreconditioning Timer Suspended\nElapsed Timer Enabled"]
    D --> E["CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE\nCharge Voltage = V_REG\nSTAT = Low"]
    E --> F["CHARGE COMPLETE MODE\nNo Charge Current\nSTAT = High-Z\nTimer Reset"]
    F --> G["Recharge Mode\n(available when selected device has automatic recharge option)"]
    B --> H["PRE-TIMER FAULT\nNo Charge Current\nSTAT = Flash (2 Hz)\nPreconditioning Timer Suspended"]
    C --> I["V_BAT ≥ V_PTH"]
    D --> J["V_BAT = V_REG"]
    E --> K["I_BAT < I_TERM"]
    F --> L["V_BAT < V_RTH"]
    style A fill:#f9f,stroke:#333
    style G fill:#ccf,stroke:#333
    style F fill:#cfc,stroke:#333
    style H fill:#fcc,stroke:#333
    style I fill:#fcc,stroke:#333
    style J fill:#fcc,stroke:#333
    style K fill:#fcc,stroke:#333
    style L fill:#fcc,stroke:#333

FIGURE 4-1: The MCP73830/L Flowchart.

5.0 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

5.1 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)

An internal Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) circuit monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in Shutdown mode until the input supply rises above the UVLO threshold. In the event a battery is present when the input power is applied, the input supply must rise approximately 150 mV above the battery voltage before the MCP73830/L devices become operational.

The UVLO circuit places the device in Shutdown mode if the input supply falls to approximately +50 mV above the battery voltage. The UVLO circuit is always active. If the input supply is below the UVLO threshold, or approximately 150 mV of the voltage at the V_BAT pin, the MCP73830/L devices are placed in Shutdown mode.

5.2 Charge Qualification

When the input power is applied, the input supply must rise 150 mV above the battery voltage before the MCP73830/L devices become operational.

The automatic power-down circuit places the device in Shutdown mode if the input supply falls to within +50 mV of the battery voltage.

The automatic circuit is always active. Any time the input supply is within +50 mV of the voltage at the V_BAT pin, the MCP73830/L are placed in Shutdown mode.

For a charge cycle to begin, the automatic power-down exit conditions must be met ( V_DD ≥ 3.6V and V_DD ≥ V_BAT + 150mV ) and the charge enable input must be above the input high threshold. The battery voltage should be less than 96.5% of V_REG .

5.2.1 BATTERY MANAGEMENT INPUT SUPPLY ( V_DD )

The V_DD input is the input supply to the MCP73830/L. The MCP73830/L devices automatically enter Power-Down mode if the voltage on the V_DD input falls to within +50 mV of the battery voltage. This feature prevents draining the battery pack when the V_DD supply is not present.

5.2.2 BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL OUTPUT ( V_BAT )

The battery charge control output is the drain terminal of an internal P-channel MOSFET. The MCP73830/L devices provide constant current and voltage regulation to the battery pack by controlling this MOSFET in the linear region. The battery charge control output should be connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack.

5.2.3 BATTERY DETECTION

The MCP73830/L devices detect the battery presence by monitoring the voltage at V_BAT . The charge flow will initiate when the voltage on V_BAT is pulled below the V_RECHARGE threshold. Refer to Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for V_RECHARGE values. The value will be the same for non-automatic recharge devices.

When V_BAT > V_REG + Hysteresis , the charge will be suspended or not started, depending on the condition, to prevent the overcharge that may occur.

5.3 Preconditioning

If the voltage at the V_BAT pin is less than the preconditioning threshold, the MCP73830/L devices enter Preconditioning mode. The preconditioning threshold is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for preconditioning threshold options.

In this mode, the MCP73830/L devices supply 10% of the fast charge current (established with the value of the resistor connected to the PROG pin) to the battery.

When the voltage at the V_BAT pin rises above the preconditioning threshold, the MCP73830/L devices enter the Constant-Current (Fast Charge) mode.

Note: The MCP73830/L devices also offer options with no preconditioning.

5.3.1 TIMER EXPIRED DURING PRECONDITIONING MODE

If the internal timer expires before the voltage threshold is reached for Fast Charge mode, a timer Fault is indicated, and the charge cycle terminates. The MCP73830/L devices remain in this condition until the battery is removed, the input power is cycled or is toggled. If the battery is removed, the MCP73830/L devices enter Standby mode, where they remain until a battery is reinserted.

Note: The typical preconditioning timers for the MCP73830/L are 60 minutes.

5.4 Constant-Current Mode – Fast Charge

During Constant-Current mode, the programmed charge current is supplied to the battery or load.

The charge current is established using a single resistor from PROG to V_SS . The program resistor and the charge current are calculated using the following equation:

EQUATION 5-1: MCP73830L

$$ \begin{array}{l} I _ {R E G} \quad \frac {2 0 0}{R _ {P R O G}} = \ R _ {P R O G} = \text { kilohms } (k \Omega) \ I _ {R E G} = \text { milliampere (mA) } \ \end{array} $$

Where:

$$ \begin{array}{l} R _ {P R O G} = \text { kilohms } (k \Omega) \ I _ {R E G} = \text { milliampere (mA) } \ \end{array} $$

EQUATION 5-2: MCP73830

$$ \begin{array}{l} I _ {R E G} \quad \frac {1 0 0 0}{R _ {P R O G}} \ R _ {P R O G} = \text { kilohms } (k \Omega) \ I _ {R E G} = \text { milliampere (mA) } \ \end{array} $$

Where:

$$ \begin{array}{l} R _ {P R O G} = \text { kilohms } (k \Omega) \ I _ {R E G} = \text { milliampere (mA) } \ \end{array} $$

Constant-Current mode is maintained until the voltage at the V_BAT pin reaches the regulation voltage, V_REG . When Constant-Current mode is invoked, the internal timer is reset.

5.4.1 TIMER EXPIRED DURING

CONSTANT-CURRENT/FAST CHARGE MODE

If the internal 4-hour timer expires before the recharge voltage threshold is reached, a timer Fault is indicated and the charge cycle terminates. The MCP73830/L devices remain in this condition until the battery is reinserted, or the input power or is cycled.

5.5 Constant Voltage Mode

When voltage at the V_BAT pin reaches the regulation voltage, V_REG , the constant voltage regulation begins. The regulation voltage is factory set to 4.2V with a tolerance of ±0.75% .

5.6 Charge Termination

The charge cycle is terminated when, during Constant Voltage mode, the average charge current diminishes below a threshold established with the value of 7.5%, 10% of fast charge current or the internal timer has expired. A 1 ms filter time on the termination comparator ensures that transient load conditions do not result in premature charge cycle termination. The timer period is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for the timer period value.

5.7 Automatic Recharge

MCP73830/L devices with automatic recharge options continuously monitor the voltage at the V_BAT pin during the Charge Complete mode. If the voltage drops below the recharge threshold, another charge cycle begins and current is once again supplied to the battery or load. The recharge threshold is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for recharge threshold options.

Note: The MCP73830/L also offer options with no automatic recharge.

For the MCP73830/L with no recharge option, the devices will go into Standby mode when a termination condition is met. The charge will not restart until the battery voltage is below the automatic recharge threshold and one of the following conditions is met:

• Battery is removed from the system and inserted again.
• V_DD is removed and plugged in again.
• is cycled.

The automatic recharge voltage threshold is always active, regardless of whether the automatic recharge option is selected or not.

5.8 Thermal Regulation

The MCP73830/L should limit the charge currents based on the die temperature. The thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. Figure 5-1 depicts the thermal regulation for the MCP73830/L devices. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for thermal package resistances and Section 6.1.1.3 "Thermal Considerations" for calculating power dissipation.

FIGURE 5-1: Thermal Regulation.

5.9 Thermal Shutdown

The MCP73830/L devices suspend charging if the die temperature exceeds +150°C. Charging will resume when the die temperature has cooled by approximately +10°C. The thermal shutdown is a secondary safety feature in the event that there is a failure within the thermal regulation circuitry.

5.10 Status Indicator

The charge status output of the MCP73830/L is open-drain, and as such, has two different states: Low (L) and High-Impedance (High-Z). The charge status outputs can be used to illuminate the LEDs. Optionally, the charge status output can be used as an interface to a host microcontroller. The faulty indication of a preconditioning timer also indicates defective batteries when it fails to pass the preconditioning threshold during the given time.

Table 5-1 summarizes the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle.
TABLE 5-1: STATUS OUTPUTS

Charge Cycle State STAT
Shutdown High-Z
No Battery Present High-Z
Preconditioning L
Constant-Current Fast Charge L
Constant Voltage L
Charge Complete High-Z
Timer Fault High-Z
Preconditioning Timer Fault	Flashing (2 Hz)

6.0 APPLICATIONS

The MCP73830/L devices are designed to operate in conjunction with a host microcontroller or in stand-alone applications. The MCP73830/L provide the preferred charge algorithm for dual Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer cell's constant current, followed by constant voltage. Figure 6-1 depicts a typical stand-alone application circuit, while Figure 6-2 depicts the accompanying charge profile.

Regulated Wall Cube 4.7 µF VDD VBAT STAT PROG LO Hi 5 CE VSS MCP73830/L 3 6 4.7 µF 2 kΩ + - 1-Cell Li-Ion Battery

FIGURE 6-1: Typical Application Circuit.

FIGURE 6-2: Typical Charge Profile (Li-Ion Battery).

6.1 Application Circuit Design

Due to the low efficiency of linear charging, the most important factors are thermal design and cost, which are a direct function of the input voltage, output current and thermal impedance between the battery charger and the ambient cooling air. The worst-case situation is when the device has transitioned from Preconditioning mode to Constant-Current mode. In this situation, the battery charger has to dissipate the maximum power. A trade-off must be made between the charge current, cost and thermal requirements of the charger.

6.1.1 COMPONENT SELECTION

Selection of the external components in Figure 6-1 is crucial to the integrity and reliability of the charging system. The following discussion is intended as a guide for the component selection process.

6.1.1.1 Charge Current

The preferred fast charge current for Li-Ion/Li-Poly cells is below the 1C rate, with an absolute maximum current at the 2C rate. The recommended fast charge current should be obtained from the battery manufacturer. For example, a 500 mAh battery pack with 0.7C preferred fast charge current has a charge current of 350 mA. Charging at this rate provides the shortest charge cycle times without degradation to the battery pack performance or life.

Note: Please consult with your battery supplier, or refer to the battery data sheet, for the preferred charge rate.

6.1.1.2 Input Overvoltage Protection (IOVP)

Input overvoltage protection must be used when the input power source is hot-pluggable; this includes USB cables and wall-type power supplies. The cabling of these supplies acts as an inductor. When the supplies are connected/disconnected from the system, large voltage transients are created which may damage the system circuitry. These transients should be snubbed out. A transzorb, unidirectional or bidirectional, connected from the V+ input supply connector to the 0V ground reference will snub the transients. An example of this can be seen in Figure 6-3.

Cable Resistance Regulated Wall Cube 0.5Ω TVS CIN SMAJ5.0A/AC 4 VDD VBAT STAT PROG 2 6 5 CE VSS 1 2 mm x 2 mm DFN MCP73830/L

FIGURE 6-3: Input Overvoltage Protection Example.

6.1.1.3 Thermal Considerations

The worst-case power dissipation in the battery charger occurs when the input voltage is at the maximum and the device has transitioned from Preconditioning mode to Constant-Current mode. In this case, the power dissipation is:

EQUATION 6-1:

$$ \text { PowerDissipation } V \quad D D M A X ^ {- (V _ {P T H M I N} \times R E G M A X} $$

Where:

$$ V _ {D D M A X} = \text { The maximum input voltage } $$

$$ I _ {R E G M A X} = \text { The maximum fast charge current } $$

$$ \begin{array}{r l} V _ {P T H M I N} & = \text { The minimum transition threshold } \ & \text { voltage } \end{array} $$

Power dissipation with a 5V, ±10% input voltage source, 200 mA, ±10%, and preconditioning threshold voltage at 3.0V is:

EQUATION 6-2:

$$ \text { PowerDissipation } = (5. 5 V - 3. 0 V) \times 2 2 0 \mathrm{mA} = 0. 5 5 W $$

This power dissipation with the battery charger in the 2x2 TDFN-6 package will result in a temperature of approximately +10.45°C (PCB mounted, infinite heat sink) above room temperature.

In the worst case (minimum PCB copper, natural convection), the temperature will increase by +50.1°C above the room temperature.

The actual junction temperature is described in equation 6-3:

EQUATION 6-3:

$$ T _ {J} = T _ {A} + 1 0. 4 5 ^ {\circ} \mathrm{C} + 0. 5 5 W \times \theta_ {H A} $$

Where:

$$ T _ {J} = \text { Junction Temperature } $$

$$ T _ {A} = \text { Ambient Temperature } $$

$$ + 1 0. 4 5 ^ {\circ} \mathrm{C} = \text { Temperature Increase due to } \Theta_ {\mathrm{JC}} $$

$$ \begin{array}{r l} \Theta_ {H A} & = \text { Heat Sink to Ambient Thermal } \ & \text { Resistance } \end{array} $$

The MCP73830/L devices are stable with or without a battery load. In order to maintain good AC stability in Constant Voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of 1 μF is recommended to bypass the V_BAT pin to V_SS . This capacitance provides compensation when there is no battery load. In addition, the battery and interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies. These elements are in the control feedback loop during Constant Voltage mode. Therefore, the bypass capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the inductive nature of the battery pack.

A minimum of 16V rated 1 F is recommended to apply for the output capacitor and a minimum of 25V rated 1 F is recommended to apply for the input capacitor for typical applications.

TABLE 6-1: MLCC CAPACITOR EXAMPLE

MLCC Capacitors	Temperature Range	Tolerance
X7R	-55°C to +125°C	±15%
X5R	-55°C to +85°C	±15%

Virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be used independent of the capacitor's minimum Effective Series Resistance (ESR) value. The actual value of the capacitor (and its associated ESR) depends on the output load current. A 1 F ceramic, tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the output is usually sufficient to ensure stability.

6.1.1.4 Reverse-Blocking Protection

The MCP73830/L devices provide protection from a faulted or shorted input. Without the protection, a faulted or shorted input would discharge the battery pack through the body diode of the internal pass transistor.

6.2 PCB Layout Issues

For optimum voltage regulation, place the battery pack as close as possible to the device's V_BAT and V_SS pins, which is recommended to minimize voltage drops along the high current carrying PCB traces.

If the PCB layout is used as a heat sink, adding many vias in the heat sink pad can help conduct more heat to the backplane of the PCB, thus reducing the maximum junction temperature. Figure 6-5 and Figure 6-6 depict a typical layout with PCB heat sinking.

102-00313-R1 MICROCHIP MCP73830L 2x2 TDFN Li-Ion Battery Charger Evaluation Board VIN D1 STAT VBAT C1 C2 U EN R2 GND PROG GND

FIGURE 6-4: Typical Layout (Top).

Pure electrical circuit lines without any symbols

FIGURE 6-5: Typical Layout (Top Metal).

104-00312-R1 13 1500

FIGURE 6-6: Typical Layout (Bottom).

7.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION

7.1 Package Marking Information

6-Lead TDFN (2x2 mm)

Part Number Code
MCP73830T-2AAI/MYY	2AA
MCP73830LT-0AAI/MYY	0AA
MCP73830LT-0BCI/MYY	0BC

Example

Legend: XX...X Customer-specific information

Y Year code (last digit of calendar year)

YY Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)

WW Week code (week of January 1 is week '01')

NNN Alphanumeric traceability code

epb-free JEDEC ^® designator for Matte Tin (Sn)

* This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator (e3) can be found on the outer packaging for this package.

Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information.

6-Lead Plastic Thin Dual Flat, No Lead Package (MY) - 2x2x0.8 mm Body [TDFN]

Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging

Microchip Technology Drawing C04-078A Sheet 1 of 2

6-Lead Plastic Thin Dual Flat, No Lead Package (MY) - 2x2x0.8 mm Body [TDFN]

Note: For the most current package drawings, please see the Microchip Packaging Specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging

NOTE 2

Units		MILLIMETERS
Dimension Limits		MIN	NOM	MAX
Number of Pins	N	6
Pitch	e	0.50 BSC
Overall Height	A	0.70	0.75	0.80
Standoff	A1	0.00	0.02	0.05
Contact Thickness	A3	0.20 REF
Overall Width	E	2.00 BSC
Exposed Pad Width	E2	0.55	0.60	0.65
Overall Length	D	2.00 BSC
Exposed Pad Length	D2	1.55	1.60	1.65
Contact Width	b	0.25	0.30	0.35
Contact Length	L	0.20	0.25	0.30
Contact-to-Exposed Pad	K	0.20	-	-

Notes:

1. Pin 1 visual index feature may vary, but must be located within the hatched area.
2. Package may have one or more exposed tie bars at ends.
3. Package is saw singulated.
4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M. BSC: Basic Dimension. Theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. REF: Reference Dimension, usually without tolerance, for information purposes only.

Microchip Technology Drawing C04-078A Sheet 2 of 2

APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY

Revision E (August 2019)

The following is the list of modifications:

1. Updated Section 1.0, "Electrical Characteristics".
2. Updated Section 5.0, "Detailed Description".
3. Added label to Figure 5-1.
4. Corrected charge current unit in Figure 6-2.
5. Added clarifying information to Figure 6-3.
6. Changed temperature value in power dissipation with the battery charger in the 2x2 TDFN-6 package.
7. Updated the "Product Identification System" page with information regarding additional factory options.

Revision D (July 2014)

The following is the list of modifications:

1. Added the "Available Factory Preset Options" table.
2. Removed any mention of Fixed Elapse Timer having a disabled option.
3. Removed any mention of an option with no precondition timer.
4. Corrected the flow-chart in Figure 4-1, specifying STAT = High Z in the Charge Complete Mode text box.
5. Updated Table5-1.lab
6. Added the Section 6.1.1.2, "Input Overvoltage Protection (IOVP)".
7. Added Figure 6-3.

Revision C (August 2013)

The following is the list of modifications:

1. Updated the "Temperature Specifications" table.
2. Updated Section 6.1.1.3, "Thermal Considerations".

Revision B (December 2011)

The following is the list of modifications:

1. Updated Figure 4-1.
2. Removed the MCP73830 and MCP73830L options from the "Product Identification System" section.

Revision A (September 2011)

• Original release of this document.

NOTES:

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.

PART NO. Device -XXX Standard Options X Temperature Range XX Package

Device: MCP73830T: Single-Cell Li-Ion/Li-Polymer Battery Device, Tape and Reel MCP73830/LT: Single-Cell Li-Ion/Li-Polymer Battery Device, Tape and Reel

MCP73830LT 0AA 200 4.2 10 71.5 7.5 96.5 MCP73830LT 0BC 200 4.2 100 71.5 10 96.5 MCP73830T 2AA 1000 4.2 10 71.5 7.5 96.5

Temperature I = -40°C to +85°C (Industrial) Range:

Package: MY = Plastic Thin Dual Flat, No Lead Package, 2x2x0.8 mm Body (TDFN), 6-Lead *Y = Nickel gold manufacturing designator. Only available on the TDFN package.

Examples:

a) MCP73830T-2AAI/MYY: Tape and Reel, Single-Cell
Li-Ion/Li-Polymer Battery Device
b) MCP73830T-0AAI/MYY: Tape and Reel, Single-Cell Li-Ion/Li-Polymer
Battery Device
c) MCP73830LT-0BCI/MYY: Tape and Reel, Single-Cell Li-Ion/Li-PolymerBattery Device

Contact sales for additional factory options.

NOTES:

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:

• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
- Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions.
- There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
- Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

- Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable."

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer's risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights unless otherwise stated.

Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Adaptec, AnyRate, AVR, AVR logo, AVR Freaks, BesTime, BitCloud, chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CryptoMemory, CryptoRF, dsPIC, FlashFlex, flexPWR, HELDO, IGLOO, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, Kleer, LANCheck, LinkMD, maXStylus, maXTouch, MediaLB, megaAVR, Microsemi, Microsemi logo, MOST, MOST logo, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PackeTime, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, PolarFire, Prochip Designer, QTouch, SAM-BA, SenGenuity, SpyNIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash, Symmetricom, SyncServer, Tachyon, TempTrackr, TimeSource, tinyAVR, UNI/O, Vectron, and XMEGA are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.

APT, ClockWorks, The Embedded Control Solutions Company, EtherSynch, FlashTec, Hyper Speed Control, HyperLight Load, IntelliMOS, Libero, motorBench, mTouch, Powermite 3, Precision Edge, ProASIC, ProASIC Plus, ProASIC Plus logo, Quiet-Wire, SmartFusion, SyncWorld, Temux, TimeCesium, TimeHub, TimePictra, TimeProvider, Vite, WinPath, and ZL are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

Adjacent Key Suppression, AKS, Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Any Capacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, BlueSky, BodyCom, CodeGuard, CryptoAuthentication, CryptoAutomotive, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, Dynamic Average Matching, DAM, ECAN, EtherGREEN, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, INICnet, Inter-Chip Connectivity, JitterBlocker, KleerNet, KleerNet logo, memBrain, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, Omniscient Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICKit, PICtail, PowerSmart, PureSilicon, QMatrix, REAL ICE, Ripple Blocker, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, SMART-I.S., SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Total Endurance, TSHARC, USBCheck, VariSense, ViewSpan, WiperLock, Wireless DNA, and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.

SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.

The Adaptec logo, Frequency on Demand, Silicon Storage Technology, and Symmcom are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.

GestIC is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, a subsidiary of Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.

© 2019, Microchip Technology Incorporated, All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-5224-4961-4

For information regarding Microchip's Quality Management Systems, please visit www.microchip.com/quality.

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