CS60R30 v3 - Speaker Paradigm - Free user manual and instructions

Product type	In-wall/in-ceiling speaker
Brand	Paradigm
Model	CS60R30 v3
Use	In-wall or in-ceiling
Enclosure material	Corrosion-resistant steel with insulated interior coating
Grille	Removable, paintable, magnetic attachment
Connection type	Screw terminals (red +, black -)
Wiring options	Stereo, mono, SM (guided soundfield)
Included accessories	Mounting template, metal brackets
Operating temperature	10 °C to 40 °C (recommended)
Care and cleaning	Clean with a soft damp cloth; do not use abrasive detergents
Safety	Optional fire-resistant back box (meets one-hour fire resistance standards)
Warranty	5 years (defects in materials and workmanship)
Break-in period	Few hours of operation for optimal sound
Precautions	Use a suitable amplifier; avoid excessive volume to prevent speaker damage
Repairability	Contact an authorized Paradigm dealer for any repairs

Frequently Asked Questions - CS60R30 v3 Paradigm

How to install the speaker in a wall or ceiling?

Use the supplied mounting template to mark the cutout. Cut the hole carefully, avoiding electrical wiring. Connect the cables observing polarity (+/-), then insert the speaker. Tighten the mounting clamp screws using a power drill set to low speed to avoid breaking the clamps. Finally, attach the magnetic grille.

How to paint the grille to match the decor?

Remove the grille before painting. Apply several light coats of spray paint in a well-ventilated area, allowing each coat to dry completely. Avoid clogging the grille holes. Never paint the grille while it is installed on the speaker.

What is the correct wiring polarity?

Connect the amplifier's red (+) terminal to the speaker's red (+) terminal, and the amplifier's black (-) terminal to the speaker's black (-) terminal. Reversed polarity can cause poor bass response and degraded stereo imaging.

How to orient the sound on Guided Soundfield models?

After connecting the speaker but before fully tightening the mounting screws, rotate the speaker to aim the drivers in the desired direction. Fine-tuning allows directing sound to a specific listening area, similar to a spotlight.

What to do if no sound comes from the speaker?

Check that the amplifier is on and the source is not muted. Ensure wiring is correct and connections are tight. If only one speaker is not working, swap the cables between left and right channels to identify if the issue is with the speaker or amplifier.

How to avoid damaging the speakers?

Use an amplifier with appropriate power. An overly powerful amp can overdrive the speakers at high volume, while an underpowered amp can cause clipping and damage tweeters. Immediately reduce volume if sound becomes harsh or distorted.

What is the break-in procedure?

Although speakers sound good out of the box, let them play at moderate volume for a few hours before critical listening. This allows components to stabilize and achieve optimal performance.

How to configure SM models for stereo or mono use?

For single-speaker stereo, connect the amplifier's right and left terminals to the speaker's corresponding terminals. For two speakers in mono, convert each to mono mode by bridging the right and left terminals with a short cable, then connect each channel to the amplifier.

Where to place speakers for best sound quality?

Place speakers equidistant from the listening area and avoid corners to prevent exaggerated bass. For Guided Soundfield models, install at least 12 inches (30 cm) from walls and aim toward the listening area. For SM models, follow the configurations illustrated in the manual.

Does the warranty cover damage from misuse?

No, the limited 5-year warranty covers only defects in materials and workmanship. Damage from abuse, incorrect installation, unsuitable amplifier, or unauthorized modification is not covered. Retain proof of purchase.

USER MANUAL CS60R30 v3 Paradigm

How To Avoid Speaker Damage ..... 2

Your Listening Room 2

Speaker Assembly Parts List 2

Speaker Placement Guidelines ..... 3

Color-Match Painting 5

Installation 5

Speaker Placement (pictorial)....7

Speaker Installation and Connection (pictorial) 9

Speaker Connection 11

Troubleshooting Guide 11

Limited Warranty 12

FIREPROOF BACKBOXES

Paradigm in-wall and in-ceiling applications can now be spec'd for multi-dwelling unit applications.

Paradigm backboxes meet the following:

• 'One-Hour Fire-Rating' requirements
- 'For Use in Air Handling Spaces' requirements

Paradigm backboxes will contain fire, gas, smoke and heat within the enclosure for up to one hour.

Paradigm backboxes also meet the following codes:

ASTM E119-98 Vertical ASTM E119-98 Horizontal UBC 7-1 UL 2043 CAN/ULC S101-M89

Backbox Features:

• Corrosion-resistant metal;
- Insulated lining;
- 10 db of acoustic isolation between room boundaries;
- Integrated safety tab on the back of the cabinet accommodates installer-supplied safety cable;
- Standard top-surface 3/8" knockouts for conduit set-screw connector. Positioning of knockouts allows for vertical or horizontal installs;
- Pre-drilled mounting holes surround flange for easy installation;
- All boxes fit 12", 16" and 24" stud bays.

See your dealer for a firebox to fit your model.

YOUR NEW SPEAKERS

Although CS Series in-wall/in-ceiling speakers sound great out of the carton, they will sound even better once they are broken in. Operate them for several hours before you listen critically.

High-frequency drivers use ferro-fluid that can thicken at temperatures below 10^ C ( 50^ F). If your speakers have been transported or stored in the cold, let them warm to room temperature before use.

Clean speaker housing with a soft, damp cloth. Do not use a strong or abrasive cleaner or get any part of the speaker wet.

HOW TO AVOID SPEAKER DAMAGE

Use an appropriate amplifier. At high volumes, a very powerful amplifier can overdrive your speakers and damage them. On the other hand, if your amplifier isn't powerful enough, it can produce clipping distortion that can easily damage high-frequency drivers. (See your dealer.)

Don't be fooled by your amplifier's volume control. It adjusts listening level—it does not indicate power output. If your speakers begin to sound harsh or grating, or if you hear the bass breaking up, turn the volume down immediately or you will damage your speakers!

This type of damage constitutes abuse and is not covered by warranty!

Tone controls and equalizers can demand even more power from an amplifier, lowering the point at which it produces clipping distortion. Use them sparingly, if at all, and do not use them when listening at loud levels.

YOUR LISTENING ROOM

The CS Series in-wall/in-ceiling speakers are suitable for use in a wide variety of listening environments. Note however, that room construction, dimensions and furnishings will all play a part in the quality of sound you ultimately achieve. The extra care taken in installation will result in greater listening enjoyment. Try to follow these guidelines:

a) Strong, rigid walls and ceilings are preferred for best bass balance. For even better results, add cross-braces at about 12" (30 cm) above and below (either side) the speaker to further increase rigidity.

b) Midrange and high frequencies are affected by room furnishings. For best sound, your listening room should contain an average amount of curtains, carpets, sofas, etc.

SPEAKER ASSEMBLY PARTS LIST (one speaker)

• 1 in-wall/in-ceiling speaker complete with attached mounting clamps and screws, wire tie
• 1 mounting template

SPEAKER PLACEMENT GUIDELINES (all models)

Location

When installing your speaker pick a location between studs or ceiling joists. Be careful not to damage any wires when you cut the installation hole.

Accurate Timbre and Imaging

Our CS Series in-wall/in-ceiling speakers feature wide, uniform dispersion and can be installed almost anywhere. For the most accurate timbre and imaging, place speakers approximately equal distance apart and select locations that allow sound to reach the listening area unobstructed.

Bass Performance

Placing speakers near corners will emphasize bass. For more balanced sound, we recommend that you avoid corners when considering speaker placement.

If your speakers have 'SM' in their name, or feature a Guided Soundfield™, see placement options and additional recommendations following:

Placement Options for 'SM' Models

Your 'SM' speaker offers two options for connection:

• Stereo Input: Wide dispersion "Left plus Right" channel sound from a single 'SM' speaker.
• Mono Input: Very wide dispersion stereo sound from two 'SM' speakers, one for the left, one for the right.

With their Dual-Directional Soundfield™, 'SM' speakers provide wider than normal dispersion, allowing them to be used in a variety of applications:

Single Speaker, Wide Dispersion "Left plus Right" Channel Sound (Fig. 1a)

Ideal in smaller areas less suited to a stereo pair of speakers or where a single speaker is the preferred choice. The speaker is connected to both left and right amplifier channels. Position speakers to achieve the broadest sound coverage in the main listening area.

Multiple Speakers, Distributed "Left plus Right" Channel Sound (Fig. 1b)

In larger areas (offices, etc.) multiple speakers (each wired for "Left plus Right" channel sound) may be used to eliminate the sound imbalances that occur with separate stereo speakers as people move around the room, or are seated closer to one speaker than the other. Position speakers to achieve the broadest sound coverage in the main listening area.

5.1 Surround Placement Using Two Speakers (Fig. 1c)

Place one speaker on either side of the listening area. Position so that one dome of each speaker points toward the front of the room and the other points toward the back. Connect each speaker for Mono sound, then use for L/R Surrounds to produce spacious 5.1 surround sound.

6.1 Rear Placement Using One Speaker (Fig. 1d)

Center one speaker behind the listening area, domes positioned toward the left and right sides of the room. Connect speaker for Mono sound, then use as 6.1 Rear for wide-dispersion rear-channel sound.

7.1 Surround + Rear Placement Using Two Speakers (Fig. 1e)

Place one speaker on either side of the listening area. Position so that one dome of each speaker points toward the front of the room and use those channels for L/R sound. The other domes will be pointed toward the back of the room which can then be used for L/R rear.

7.1 Rear Placement Using One Speaker (Fig. 1f)

Center one speaker behind the listening area with domes positioned toward the left and right sides of the room. Connect to L/R Rears for spacious 7.1 rear-channel sound.

For Connection instructions for 'SM' models turn to page 6.

Placement Options for Guided Soundfield™ Models

Paradigm® Guided Soundfield™ in-ceiling speakers are optimized for use in rooms with 8' (2.4 m) to 9' (2.74 m) high ceilings. They allow you to "guide" a wide-dispersion arc of sound toward a specific area of the room in much the same way we guide a floodlight to flood an area with light. For overall clarity and balanced bass performance, these speakers should be mounted in the ceiling 12" (30 cm) or more from the wall, as shown in Figs. 2a to 2f.

NOTE: Guiding the sound should be done after connecting the speaker, but before final tightening of flange screws. See "Fine Tuning the Guided Soundfield™," below.

Guided Soundfield™ Left/Right Speakers (Fig. 2a)

Follow the general guidelines for speaker placement provided at the beginning of the main section, keeping in mind the distance from the front speakers to your primary listening area should be 10' (3 m) to 14' (4.27 m), as shown.

Adding a Guided Soundfield™ Center Speaker (Fig. 2b)

Follow the directions for placement given earlier, then position the center speaker between the L/R speakers, with drivers pointed toward the center of the listening area.

These speakers are also ideal for use as surrounds/rears. "Guiding" the sound toward the sides and rear of the room creates an enveloping, reverberant soundfield. Keep in mind that speakers should be mounted 12" (30 cm) or more from the wall.

5.1 Surround Placement (Fig. 2c)

Position one speaker on either side of the listening area, with drivers pointed toward the side walls.

6.1 Rear Placement (Fig. 2d)

Begin with the '5.1 Surround Placement' (above) then center one speaker behind the listening area with drivers pointed toward the back wall.

7.1 Surround/Rear Placement (Fig. 2e)

Begin with the '5.1 Surround Placement' (above), then position another pair of speakers behind the listening area, one slightly right, the other slightly left of the listening position, with drivers pointed to the back of the room, as shown.

Guided Soundfield™ for Direct-Radiating Surrounds/Rears (Fig. 2f)

Alternatively, these speakers may be used as direct-radiating speakers, positioned with drivers pointed toward the listening area. Use Fig. 2f as a guide to positioning as you experiment to achieve optimal surround sound in your room.

Fine Tuning the Guided Soundfield™

Once you have decided on placement, connect the speaker following directions for connection on page 6. Before final tightening of the flange screws, rotate speaker until drive assembly points in the desired direction. Then, follow directions for Installation on page 5. To readjust direction of sound, loosen screws, rotate drive assembly until it points in the desired direction, then re-tighten screws.

COLOR-MATCH PAINTING (optional)

Your new in-wall/in-ceiling speakers have a textured finish in neutral white to blend into any room. The grilles may also be painted to match any decor. Please note:

- Do not paint the surface behind the grille

To Paint, Follow These Steps:

1) Remove the grille.
2) In a well-ventilated area, apply several light coats of paint to the grille, letting the paint dry completely between coats. Always follow the paint manufacturer's directions.

TIP! Be careful to not plug the grille holes with paint. It is easier to spray the grille than use a brush. Do not paint the grilles when they are installed on the speaker.

INSTALLATION

Turn your receiver/amplifier OFF before connecting speakers. This will avoid damage which may result from accidental shorting of the speaker cable.

Use only speaker cable that is rated for in-wall use.

• The UL standard is CL2, CL3 and CM
• The CSA standard is FT4

For optimum sound reproduction the use of high-quality speaker cable is essential. We also recommend the use of a high performance in-wall volume control such as the Paradigm® VC-150. (Sold separately, please see dealer).

1. Mounting

In-Ceiling Mounting

Place the mounting template onto the ceiling. Trace along the mounting template cut-out (Fig. 3a). Cut a hole as indicated (Fig. 3b).

For optimum performance loosely place ...

• one piece of standard fiberglass (to fit joist size) above the speaker extending 12 in (30 cm) or more beyond the speaker between the joists.
• (for taller joists) fibreglass insulation directly against the joists on either side of the mounting hole.

In-Wall Mounting

Place the mounting template onto the wall and use a level to make sure it's straight (4a). Trace along the mounting template cut-out (Fig. 4b). Cut a hole as indicated (Fig. 4c).

For optimum performance loosely place ...

• two pieces, 8" (20 cm) to 12" (30 cm) long, of standard fiberglass insulation in the wall R-12 for 2"x 4" (5 cm x 10 cm) walls or R-20 for 2"x 6" (5 cm x 15 cm) walls. Place one piece just above and the other piece just below the mounting hole.
• a half-thick piece of fiberglass insulation, the same height as the speaker, in the wall right behind the mounting hole.

2. Connecting

You are now ready to connect and install the speaker.

Connecting (Fig. 5a) (all models except those with 'SM' in their name, see below)

Connect the speaker cable. Correct polarity, or phase is critical for proper stereo imaging and bass performance.

Connect the red (+) amplifier terminal to the red (+) speaker terminal. Connect the black (-) amplifier terminal to the black (-) speaker terminal. Fasten cable to bracket with wire tie.

Connecting 'SM' Models

Two Speakers (Fig. 5b): Connect one speaker at a time to the left and right channels of your receiver/amplifier. First, convert the Right speaker to Mono: Using a short piece of cable, connect the Right red (+) speaker terminal to the Left red (+) speaker terminal and the Right black (-) speaker terminal to the Left black (-) amplifier terminal. Then ...

Connect the Right red (+) amplifier terminal to the Right red (+) speaker terminal and the Right black (-) amplifier terminal to the Right black (-) speaker terminal.

Repeat the entire procedure for the Left speaker.

One Speaker (Fig. 5c): Connect one speaker channel at a time to your receiver/amplifier. Connect the Right red (+) amplifier terminal to the Right red (+) speaker terminal and the Right black (-) amplifier terminal to the Right black (-) speaker terminal. Connect the Left red (+) amplifier terminal to the Left red (+) speaker terminal and the Left black (-) amplifier terminal to the Left black (-) speaker terminal.

3. Installing the Speaker

IMPORTANT! While it is possible to use a manual screwdriver for installation, we strongly suggest using a power drill. To avoid damaging or breaking the clamps, set your drill to a LOW setting. A high power setting is NOT necessary and may cause clamps to crack or break from the added force. Such damage is NOT covered under warranty.

1) Set your Power Drill to the Low setting.
2) Ensure the clamps on the lip of the speaker are positioned exactly as shown in the Warning Diagrams on the top of page 9 and 10. If they are not correctly positioned, refer to these diagrams.
3) Gently push the assembly into the ceiling or wall hole (Fig. 3c or 4d).
4) Supporting the assembly with one hand, tighten each screw (Fig. 3d or 4e). Stop tightening when you sense resistance.

Models with Guided Soundfield ^TM : Rotate speaker at this point so that drive assembly points in the desired direction (not shown).

4. Installing the Grille

1) Gently press the grille onto the front face of the speaker (Fig. 3e or 4f). The magnets will ensure correct attachment.
2) Add the Paradigm logo, if desired.

"SM" Models (Arrows indicate direction of tweeters)

Symmetrical diagram with a central circle and four surrounding diamond shapes, labeled Fig. 1a (no text or symbols within the diagram itself)

Single-Speaker "Left plus Right" Sound

Floor plan layout with room layouts and geometric shapes (no text or labels)

Distributed "Left plus Right" Sound

Simple diagram of a sofa with directional arrows indicating movement or force, surrounded by geometric shapes (no text or symbols)

5.1 Surround Placement using Two 'SM' Speakers

Top-down architectural floor plan showing a sofa and room layout (no text or symbols)

6.1 Rear Placement using One 'SM' Speaker

Simple line drawing of a sofa with double-headed arrows indicating vertical motion (no text or symbols)

7.1 Surround + Rear Placement using Two 'SM' Speakers

Top-down diagram of a sofa layout with room layouts and a circular object, labeled Fig. 1f Fig. 1e (no text or symbols on the diagram itself)

7.1 Rear Placement using One 'SM' Speaker

Guided Soundfield™ Models

Min. 12° 10°-14° Fig. 2a

Min. 12" 10°-14' Fig. 2b

Front Left, Center, Right Speakers Front Left and Right Speakers

Min. 123 Fig. 2c

5.1 Surround Placement, diffuse soundfield

Fig. 2d Min. 12°

6.1 Rear Placement, diffuse soundfield

Fig. 2e Min. 12" Min. 12"

7.1 Rear Placement, diffuse soundfield

90° 110° 90° 110° Min. 12" Fig. 2f

Direct-Radiating Speakers in a 7.1 placement

SPEAKER INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION (pictorial)

NOTE: If the clamps are not set to the right position, use a screwdriver to turn the screws counter-clockwise until the clamps are in the correct position.

In-Ceiling Mounting

in Coiling Mearing in Coiling Mearing

Line drawing of a hand holding an oval object with a pencil, no text or symbols present

Fig. 3a

Line drawing of a hand holding a circular object with a stick, no text or symbols present

Fig. 3b

Illustration of hands assembling a car brake disc (no text or symbols)

Fig. 3c

Line drawing of a hand using a power drill to adjust the circular component (no text or symbols)

Fig. 3d

Line drawing of two hands holding a circular object with a lid (no text or symbols)

Fig. 3e

In-Wall Mounting

Technical diagram showing mechanical assembly with warning symbols and labeled states (in English)

Line drawing of hands holding a rectangular device with a wall-mounted control panel (no text or symbols)

Fig. 4a

Line drawing of a hand holding a rectangular object with a pen, no text or symbols present

Fig. 4b

Line drawing of a hand holding a rectangular object with a tool, no text or symbols present

Fig. 4c

Illustration of hands operating a mechanical device with a circular component (no text or symbols visible)

Fig. 4d

Line drawing of hands using a power tool to adjust a wall-mounted device (no text or symbols present)

Fig. 4e

Line drawing of hands holding a speaker and a blank panel (no text or symbols)

Fig. 4f

SPEAKER CONNECTION

ALL MODELS (2 SPEAKER STEREO SETUP) RECEIVER/AMPLIFIER L R L R

Fig. 5a
Wiring for all models except those with "SM" in their name, see below.

60R-SM (2 SPEAKER STEREO SETUP) L RECEIVER/AMPLIFIER L R

Fig. 5b
Two Speakers

60R-SM (1 SPEAKER STEREO SETUP) RECEIVER/AMPLIFIER L R L R +

Fig. 5c
One Speaker

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

PROBLEM SOLUTION
No Sound	Make sure receiver, preamp or amplifier is plugged in and turned on. Check power outlet at the wall is working. Are headphones plugged in, or is system on Mute? Re-check all connections.
No Sound from One or More Speakers	Check your balance control or VC-150 Volume Control (if using). Check that all power cords are properly plugged in and functioning. Swap the Left speaker cable with the Right speaker cable at the receiver/amplifier end to determine if the problem is with the speaker or something else (i.e. wiring, amplifier).
Lack of Bass or Dislocated Image (Stereo)	One or more speakers may be connected out of phase (their polarity is reversed). Re-check to ensure that each speaker's cable is connected with correct polarity: red (+) to red (+) and black (-) to black (-).

LIMITED WARRANTY

Paradigm® In-Wall/In-Ceiling CS Series Speakers are warranted to be and remain free of manufacturing and/or material defects for a period of five (5) years from the date of original purchase. Within the time period specified, repair, replacement or adjustment of parts for manufacturing and/or material defects will be free of charge to the original owner.

Thermal or mechanical abuse/misuse is not covered under warranty.

Limitations:

• Warranty begins on date of original retail purchase from an Authorized Paradigm® Dealer only. It is not transferable;
• Warranty applies to product in normal residential use only. If product is subjected to any of the conditions outlined in the next section, warranty is void;
• Warranty does not apply if the product is used in professional or commercial applications;

Warranty is Void if:

• The product has been abused (intentionally or accidentally);
• The product has been used in conjunction with unsuitable or faulty equipment;
• The product has been subjected to damaging signals, derangement in transport, mechanical damage or any abnormal conditions;
• The product (including cabinet) has been tampered with or damaged by an unauthorized service facility;
• The serial number has been removed or defaced.

Owner Responsibilities:

• Provide normal/reasonable operating care and maintenance;
• Provide or pay for transportation charges for product to service facility;
• Provide proof of purchase (your sales receipt given at time of purchase from your Authorized Paradigm® Dealer must be retained for proof-of-purchase date).

Should servicing be required, contact your nearest Authorized Paradigm® Dealer, Paradigm Electronics Inc. or Import Distributor (outside the U.S. and Canada) to arrange, bring in or ship prepaid, any defective unit. Visit our website, www.paradigm.com for more information.

Paradigm Electronics Inc. reserves the right to improve the design of any product without assuming any obligation to modify any product previously manufactured.

This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied, of merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose and may not be extended or enlarged by anyone. In no event shall Paradigm Electronics Inc., their agents or representatives be responsible for any incidental or consequential damages. Some jurisdictions do not allow limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.

Retain manual and sales receipt for proof of warranty term and proof of purchase.

NOTES

SÉRIE CS

MODE D'EMPLOI

Paradigm ^MD

ÉGALEMENT DISPONIBLE : BOÎTIERS ARRIÈRE À L'ÉPREUVE DU FEU

TABLE DES MATIÈRES

Installation et raccordement

des enceintes (illustrations) ..... 10

ASTM E119-98 Vertical

ASTM E119-98 Horizontal

UBC 7-1

UL 2043

CAN/ULC S101-M89

Top-down diagram of a circular object with four diamond-shaped corners, labeled Fig. 1a (no text or symbols on the diagram itself)

Floor plan layout with room layouts and geometric shapes (no text or labels)

Simple line drawing of a sofa with directional arrows indicating movement or force (no text or symbols)

Top-down architectural floor plan showing a sofa and room layout (no text or symbols)

Simple line drawing of a sofa with double-headed arrows indicating vertical motion (no text or symbols)

Top-down architectural floor plan showing room layouts and a central sofa, labeled Fig. 1f Fig.1e (no text or symbols on the diagram itself)

Line drawing of hands holding a circular object with a pencil, no text or symbols present

Fig. 3a

Line drawing of a hand holding a circular object with a pen, no text or symbols present

Fig. 3b

Illustration of hands assembling a mechanical component (no text or symbols visible)

Fig. 3c

Line drawing of a hand using a power tool to adjust or install a circular component (no text or symbols present)

Fig. 3d

Line drawing of two hands holding a circular object with a lid, no text or symbols present

Fig. 3e

INSTALLATION ET RACCORDEMENT DES ENCEINTES (illustrations)

Montage au mur

Technical diagram showing mechanical assembly with warning symbols and labeled states (in English)

Line drawing of hands holding a wall-mounted device with a control panel (no text or symbols)

Fig.4a

Line drawing of a hand holding a rectangular object with a pen, no text or symbols present

Fig. 4b

Line drawing of a hand holding a rectangular object with a tool, no text or symbols present

Fig. 4c

Illustration of hands operating a mechanical device with a circular component (no text or symbols visible)

Fig. 4d

Illustration of hands using a power tool to install a circular component (no text or symbols visible)

Fig. 4e

Line drawing of hands installing a speaker into a speaker block (no text or symbols)

Fig. 4f

RACCORDEMENT DES ENCEINTES

TOUTES LES ENCEINTES SAUF CELLES DONT « SM » FIGURENT DANS LE NOM, VOIR CI-DESSOUS L AMPLIFICATEUR R L R